A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon — Tracing the treaties of the EU (March 2012) Caption: This brochure, produced by the General Secretariat of the Council and published in March 2012, looks back at the history of European integration through the treaties, from the Treaty of Paris to the Treaty of Lisbon. Source: General Secretariat of the Council. A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon – Tracing the treaties of the European Union. Publications Offi ce of the European Union. Luxembourg: March 2012. 55 p. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/librairie/PDF/QC3111407ENC.pdf. Copyright: (c) European Union, 1995-2013 URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/a_union_of_law_from_paris_to_lisbon_tracing_the_treaties_of_the_eu_march_2012-en- 45502554-e5ee-4b34-9043-d52811d422ed.html Publication date: 18/12/2013 1 / 61 18/12/2013 CONSILIUM EN A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon Tracing the treaties of the European Union GENERAL SECRETARIAT COUNCIL THE OF 1951–2011: 60 YEARS A UNION OF LAW THE EUROPEAN UNION 2010011 9 December 2011 THE TREATIES OF Treaty of Accession of Croatia,ratification in progress 1 December 2009 Lisbon Treaty, 1 January 2007 THE EUROPEAN UNION Treaty of Accession of Bulgaria and Romania, Treaty establishing a Constitution29 for October Europe, 2004 signed on did not come into force Lisbon: 13 December 2007 CHRON BOJOTUJUVUJPO $PVODJMCFDPNFT Treaty of Accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, t ЅF&VSPQFBO 1 May 2004 CFUXFFOUIF&VSPQFBO Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia, t - BXNBLJOH QBSJUZ UIF$PVODJM 1 February 2003 1BSMJBNFOUBOE RON PGOBUJPOBMQBSMJBNFOUT Treaty of Nice, t *OWPMWFNFOU &6 1 May 1999 t -FHBMQFSTPOBMJUZPGUIF 3JHIUT Treaty of Amsterdam, t $IBSUFSPG'VOEBNFOUBM 1 January 1995 Treaty of Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden, he Eu he p The European European The The European Union Union Union European European European The The The © © © Act amending the Protocol on the Statute of the EIB: Nice: 26 February 2001 European Investment1 Fund, May 1994 OOLOGY PGUIFJOTUJUVUJPOT t 3FGPSN PG 13 December 2007 in Lisbon when the Treaty was signed GPSUIFGVUVSF6OJPO Treaty on European1 NovemberUnion (TEU), 1993 1 July 1987 Single European Act, GS Amsterdam: 2 October 1997 TFDVSJUZBOEKVTUJDF Treaty of Accession of Spain and1 January Portugal, 1986 t "SFBPGGSFFEPN NG UIF4DIFOHFOacquis t *OUFHSBUJPOPG 1 January 1985 t )VNBOSJHIUT Treaty on Greenland, A NFOBOEXPNFO AND t &RVBMJUZ CFUXFFO 1 January 1981 EFWFMPQNFOU Treaty of Accession of Greece, t 4VTUBJOBCMF UIF$'41 t )JHI3FQSFTFOUBUJWFGPS NBOBHFNFOUDBQBDJUZ Treaty amending the Protocol on the Statute of t $SJTJT the European Investment Bank (EIB): © The European Union European The © Modification of the unit of account; conversion1 October method, 1977 SIGNI Maastricht: 7 February 1992 ENTRY 25 April 2005 in Luxembourg during the signing ceremony for the Treaty of Accession of Romania and Bulgaria 1 June 1977 &VSPQFBO6OJPO Treaty amending certain financial provisions, t #JSUI PGUIF NPOFUBSZVOJPO t &DPOPNJDBOE FVSP .PWFUPXBSET UIF Treaty of Accession of Denmark, Ireland and t TFDVSJUZQPMJDZ $'41 the United Kingdom, t $PNNPOGPSFJHOBOE 1 January 1973 BĊBJST +)" t +VTUJDFBOEIPNF Treaty amending certain budgetary‘Own provisions: resources’, AND AND 1 January 1971 Single Act: 17 and 28 February 1986 INTO NBKPSJUZWPUJOH UIF$PVODJM t 2VBMJmFE DPPQFSBUJPOCFUXFFO Treaty merging the executive bodies,1 July 1967 t # FHJOOJOHPGMFHJTMBUJWF 1BSMJBNFOU BOEUIF&VSPQFBO BMBSHFJOUFSOBMNBSLFU t 5PXBSET Convention on the Netherlands1 October Antilles, 1964 QPMJDZDPPQFSBUJPO t 'PSFJHO Union European The © &VSPQFBO$PVODJM t 'JSTUNFOUJPOPGUIF itutions common to the Convention on certain inst TA TAGES FORC 25 March 1957 in Rome during the signing ceremony for the EEC and Euratom Treaties European Communities: Assembly, Court of Justice, Economic and Social 1Committee, January 1958 Rome: 25 March 1957 USFBUJFT‘… an ever closer union among the t 5XPGPVOEJOH &&$QSFBNCMF Treaty establishing the European Atomic peoples of Europe’ Energy Community (EAEC), © The European Union, 2011 — ISBN 978-92-824·3463-5 — doi:10.2860/14747 — PGB 1 January 1958 (SBEVBMFTUBCMJTINFOU &&$ DPNNPONBSLFU HFOFSBM $PNNVOJUZ &OFSHZ Treaty establishing the European E KEY S KEY "UPNJD &VSPQFBO Economic Community (EEC), &"&$PS&VSBUPN 1 January 1958 Treaty establishing the European 27Defence May 1952 Paris: 18 April 1951 Community, signed on did not come into force GPVOEJOHUSFBUZ t 'JSTU QSPEVDUT TUSBUFHJD européenne Union GPSUIF $PNNPONBSLFU © TUFFM Treaty establishing the European Coal and PGUIFUJNFDPBMBOE Steel Community23 (ECSC), July 1952 18 April 1951: the Treaty of Paris establishes the ECSC: Paul van Zeeland, Belgian Foreign expired on 23 July 2002 Affairs Minister; Joseph Bech, Luxembourg Foreign Affairs Minister; Joseph Meurice, Belgian Foreign Trade Minister; Carlo Sforza, Italian Foreign Affairs Minister; Robert Schuman, French Foreign Affairs Minister; Konrad Adenauer, German Federal Chancellor tiees arear and Federal Foreign Affairs Minister; Dirk Stikker, Netherlands Federal Foreign Affairs 1 The trea Minister; Johannes van den Brink, Minister for Economic Affairs of the Netherlands s, 9595 QC-32-11-757-EN-P nion. f the MmMembeembeberStar States 19 foundation off theUni repreepresentatenta ivesive o arliamentt. the tiateded andand signsgg ed byy the ovedd by the Europuropean P se Theyey are:r nego and appr rical parliaments histo fiedd by the natiotional p euroroparopopapaa.e.eu.euu rati wwwwww.wwww.ww.consconcoonsnsiliuiuum.eumm.em.me ARCHIVE SERIES ARCHIVE MARCH 2012 EN.indd 1 2 / 61 28/06/12 15:24 18/12/2013 Notice Th is brochure is produced by the General Secretariat of the Council; it is for information purposes only. For any information on the European Council and the Council, you can consult the following websites: http://www.european-council.europa.eu http://www.consilium.europa.eu or contact the Public Information Department of the General Secretariat of the Council at the following address: Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 1048 Bruxelles/Brussel BELGIQUE/BELGIË Tel. +32 22815650 Fax +32 22814977 http://www.consilium.europa.eu/infopublic More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union, 2012 ISBN 978-92-824-3507-6 doi:10.2860/78263 © European Union, 2012 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium Printed on elemental chlorine-free bleached paper (ECF) 3 / 61 18/12/2013 EN.indd 2 28/06/12 15:25 A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon Tracing the treaties of the European Union 4 / 61 18/12/2013 kg205052_EN_inside_b.indd 1 29/06/12 08:43 5 / 61 18/12/2013 kg205052_EN_inside_b.indd 2 29/06/12 08:43 Contents Foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 Th e 1950s and 1960s: from the founding treaties to the merger of the executives. 6 Th e 1970s: fi nancial and institutional treaties; the fi rst accession treaty . 10 Th e 1980s: Single European Act and accession treaties . 12 Th e 1990s: Treaty on European Union and accession treaties. 14 Twenty-fi rst century treaties . 17 From Paris to Lisbon: timeline of the treaties . 21 3 6 / 61 18/12/2013 kg205052_EN_inside_b.indd 3 29/06/12 08:43 Foreword Th is brochure traces the history of the European Union through the treaties. It was published to accompany the poster produced for the ‘Historical series’ collection, ‘Th e treaties of the European Union’, which you can fi nd in the Council archives. Th e booklet is aimed at academics and researchers but is also for anyone who is interested in the history of European integration. Th e annex contains a chronological table of the treaties. You can access the full text of the treaties at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu If you like, you can e-mail comments or suggestions to us at: [email protected] 4 7 / 61 18/12/2013 kg205052_EN_inside_b.indd 4 29/06/12 08:43 Introduction Th e treaties are the foundation of the European Union (EU). Th ey are negotiated by the representatives of the governments of the Member States and adopted by common accord. Th ey are signed by all Member States and ratifi ed in accordance with their own constitutional requirements. Th ey enter into force only when this process has been concluded and provided each step has been completed. If we look back over the history of the treaties, we can: see how the Union has evolved into an economic and political community which is active in a growing number of increasingly complex areas; see how Member States have responded, every step of the way, to new internal and international challenges; and trace the development of a Union of peoples and states for whom the rule of law is both a core value and a basic aspiration. 5 8 / 61 18/12/2013 kg205052_EN_inside_b.indd 5 29/06/12 08:43 The 1950s and 1960s: from the founding treaties to the merger of the executives Following Robert Schuman’s declaration on 9 May 1950 in which he called on France and Germany to pool the production of coal and steel, the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was signed on 18 April 1951 in Paris. Aft er ratifi cation by Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands (‘the Inner Six’), the treaty entered into force on 23 July 1952 and would remain in force for 50 years. It expired on 22 July 2002. Th e immediate objective of this fi rst treaty was to establish a common market for coal and steel, which were strategic raw materials at the time. It also aimed to lay the foundations of an economic community which would gradually become a political union. Th is treaty, which established a High Authority, a Common Assembly, a Special Council of Ministers and a Court of Justice, was the basis for the institutions of the European Union as we now know them.