HSC DIG ED 22 Oct 15 2020

https://hollywoodstampclub.com HSC Enrique HOLLYWOOD STAMP CLUB DIGITAL SETARO, HOLLYWOOD EDITION 22 HSC OCT 15, Editor PHILATELIST 2020 Tikal National Park, Guate- reached its apogee during the Classic Peri- temples and palaces. od, c. 200 to 900 CE. During this time, More information can be read at: mala the city dominated much of the Maya re- In the heart of gion politically, economically, and militarily, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikal the jungle, sur- while interacting with areas through- rounded by out Mesoamerica such as the great metrop- lush vegetation, olis of Teotihuacan in the distant Valley of lies one of the Mexico. There is evidence that Tikal was major sites of conquered by Teotihuacan in the 4th cen- Mayan civiliza- tury CE. Following the end of the Late Clas- tion, inhabited from the 6th century B.C. to sic Period, no new major monuments were the 10th century A.D. The ceremonial cen- built at Tikal and there is evidence that tre contains superb temples and palaces, elite palaces were burned. These events and public squares accessed by means of were coupled with a gradual population de- ramps. Remains of dwellings are scattered cline, culminating with the site's abandon- throughout the surrounding countryside. ment by the end of the 10th century. Tikal was the Tikal is the best HAPAG on Stamps capital of a con- understood of Hapag-Lloyd AG is a German international quest state that any of the large shipping and container transportation com- became one of lowland Maya cit- pany. It is currently the world's fifth largest the most power- ies, with a container carrier in terms of vessel capaci- ful kingdoms of long dynastic rul- ty. The company was formed in 1970 by the ancient Ma- er list, the discov- the merger of two German transportation/ ya. Though mon- ery of the tombs maritime companies, Hamburg-American umental architec- of many of the Line (HAPAG), which dated from 1847, ture at the site rulers on this list and Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) or North dates back as far and the investiga- German Lloyd (NGL), which was formed in as the 4th centu- tion of 1857. ………………………………. Cont. P . 5 ry BCE, Tikal their monuments, 1 Great Britain Philatelic Society Web Site: http://www.gbps.org.uk/ - Stamp Chats index.php The Work of the RPSL Ltd Expert Committee - Chris Harman ICEBERGS ON STAMPS You Tube Link: An iceberg is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open (salt) water.Small bits of disintegrating icebergs are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". Much of an iceberg is Tabular iceberg, near Brown Bluff in below the surface which led to the Antarctic Sound off Tabarin Peninsula https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QW6AR- the expression "tip of the iceberg" to illustrate a small part of a UGfdw&feature=youtu. larger unseen issue. Icebergs are considered a serious maritime RPSL Web Site: hazard. The 1912 loss of the RMS Titanic led to the formation of the International Ice Pa- https://www.rpsl.org.uk/ trol in 1914. Ice- bergs calved by glaciers that face the open sea, such as in Glimpse of the GB QV Jubilees - Phil Waud Greenland, are irregular You Tube Link: shaped piles. In Antarctica, ice shelves calve large tabu- https://www.youtube.com/watch? lar (table top) icebergs. The v=sICihAEWRGk&feature=youtu.be biggest iceberg ever recorded was Iceberg B-15A which split off the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000. What is the difference between an Iceberg and Glacier? The difference between an Iceberg and Glacier is that the iceberg is the piece of a glacier that breaks off of (or calves) when temperatures warm up. Glaciers are made up of a large mass of snow and ice mixture that covers the valley floor of a mountain range. 2 Glaciers capture the imagination of many of the visitors that more than 10^7 tonnes. Icebergs cruise thorough Alaska's waters. These massive sheets of ice can or pieces of floating ice smaller take up entire coves, and they crack like thunder when they break than 5 meters above the sea sur- apart and float off into the water in a process called calving. Be- face are classified as "bergy bits"; fore you embark on a private Alaskan cruise, we thought you smaller than 1 meter -- "growlers". [9] The largest known would like to know the difference between a glacier and an ice- iceberg in the North Atlantic was berg. 168 metres (551 ft) above sea lev- Shocking Glacier Calving 2k17, captured from cruise ship | Alaska el, reported by the USCG icebreak- | glacier national park |shockwave, Watch this video: er Eastwind in 1958, making it the height of a 55-story building. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6VJkqqF_x0&t=57s These icebergs originate from the glaciers of western Greenland and Glaciers are found in places where more snow falls than melts in a giv- may have interior temperatures of −15 to −20 °C (5 to −4 °F). en time. During its lifetime, the lower layers of snow within the glacier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWPDQkssqmg change their form, compressing into ice. Contrary to what you might think, Alaskan glaciers were not formed in the last ice age and are on Winds and currents tend to move icebergs close to coastlines, where average only about 100 years old. they can become frozen into pack ice (one form of sea ice), or drift into shallow waters, where they can come into contact with the seabed, a Icebergs form when these phenomenon called seabed gouging. glaciers melt and break apart. These chunks of glacial ice Large Iceberg Breaking near Ilulissat, is the municipal seat and largest can be immense and forebod- town of the Avannaata municipality in western Greenland, located ap- ing as they float out to sea. proximately 350 km (220 mi) north of the Arctic Circle; Watch this vid- We love taking our guests for eo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsAqqHQcJyU kayak trips around the ice- The largest icebergs recorded have been calved, or broken off, from bergs as they float down the the Ross Ice Shelf of Antarctica. Iceberg B-15, photographed by satellite Inside Passage. We can also in 2000, measured 295 by 37 take you on a special glacier kilometers (183 by 23 mi), viewing, so you can experi- with a surface area of 11,000 ence their wonder firsthand. Australia Antarctic Territory 2011 square kilometers Because the density of pure 'Icebergs' Sc L154 (4,200 sq mi). The largest ice- ice is about 920 kg/m3 (57 lb/ berg on record was an Antarc- cu ft), and that of seawater about 1,025 kg/m3 (64 lb/cu ft), typically tic tabular iceberg of over about one-tenth of the volume of an iceberg is above water (which fol- 31,000 square kilometres lows from Archimedes's Principle of buoyancy). The contour of the un- (12,000 sq mi) [335 by 97 kilo- derwater portion can be difficult to judge by looking at the portion meters (208 by 60 mi)] sight- above the surface. Icebergs are often compared in size to the area ed 150 miles (240 km) west of Manhattan. of Scott Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, by the USS Glacier on November 12, 1956. This iceberg Icebergs may reach a height of more than 100 metres (300 ft) above was larger than Belgium. the sea surface, and have mass ranging from about 10^5 tonnes up to 3 As a piece of are derived from the remote iceberg ice sensors on polar-orbiting satel- melts, it pro- lites that survey these remote duces a fizzing regions of the Earth. sound called Iceberg B15 calved from the the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000 and initially had an area of 11,000 "Bergie Seltzer". This sound results when the water-ice interface square kilometers reaches compressed air bubbles trapped in the ice. As this hap- (4,200 sq mi). It broke apart in pens, each bubble bursts, making a "popping" sound. The bubbles November 2002. The largest contain air trapped in snow layers very early in the history of the remaining piece of it, Iceberg B-15A, with an area of 3,000 square ice, that eventually got buried to a given kilometers (1,200 sq mi), was depth (up to several kilometers) and still the largest iceberg on Earth pressurized as it transformed in- until it ran aground and split into to firn then to glacial ice. several pieces October 27, 2005, An iceberg will an event that was observed by flip in the wa- seismographs both on the ice- ter as it melts berg and across Antarctica. It and breaks has been hypothesized that this apart because gravity continually pulls breakup may also have been the heavier side downward. Most flip- abetted by ocean swell generat- ping occurs when the iceberg is young ed by an Alaskan storm 6 days and establishing balance. Flipping can The calving of Iceberg A-38 earlier and 13,500 kilometers occur anytime and without warning. off Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (8,400 mi) away. © Large icebergs that flip against the face USS Dwight D. Eisenhow- of a glacier can produce earthquakes er (CVN-69) (known informally and give off as much energy as an as "Ike") is a nuclear- atomic bomb. powered aircraft carrier currently 10 BIGGEST Iceberg Calving Events. Watch this video: in service with the United States https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyQ5FypRi2w Navy.

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