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f,"ffiTAl{T ilHNilATTII{ Llke any oloctrlcalappllanc €,thls ATARI52OST Computor usos and prcduco3rsdlo frequencyönergy. lf lt ls not Installedand usedaccordlng to the Instructlon3In thlg gulde,tho oqulpmontmay caule Intorforencewlth your radloor tolovlslonrecepllon. lf you bellevethat thls €qulpm€ntls cauclngIntorferenca wlth your mdlo or toleylslon r€c€ptlon,try tumlng the equlpmontolf and on. It the Interferoncoproblom stop3 whsn the oqulpmsntls tumod off, then the equlpmentls probablyceuslng the Intorteronce. Wlth tho oqulpmenttumed on, you may bo ablo to conect the problemby trylng one or more of the lollowlng meeEurc3: . Reorlontthe radloor televl3lonantenna. o Reposltlontho equlpmentIn reletlonto tho radloor televlslonset. . Moveth € oqulpmentaway from the radloor t€lovlslon. o Plug the oqulpmontInto I dltferentwall outl€t so that th€ equlpmentand the radlo or tolovlslonaro on dlfterenl branchclrcults. lf neceaoary,consult your ATARIComputer rotaller or an oxporlencedredlo and teleylslon technlclanfor addltlonalsuggostlons. Anotherhefptul lgsource ls How to ldentlly and Resolrp Radlo-TVlnteilercnce Prcblems, a booklotprepar8d.by tho FedoralCommunlcatlon3 Comml33lon. This booklet ls avalh able trom the U.S.Govemment Prlnting Offlc €,Washlngton, DC 20tO2,Stock No. üX-üX!003,1$4.

WARI{II{G: Thb oqulpnrrnr h.. b.on c.rllfLd to comply drh th. llmllr br r Chrr I compullngd.rlc., pur.u.nt to Subprrl J of P.n 15of FCCRulor. Thor rul.. .r. d..lgn.d !o Fprlda rraaonabL prcLclloo agrlnal luch Inlarto?ancafhü lho aqulFr|.|il lr urod ln . r..ldütbl rttl||e. l{orrrrr, lho't lr no gu.r.nl.. lh.t InLr{brüc. ulll not occür In. p.rllcuhr l|om. ü reddoncr. Only p.rlph.r.b (compüLr Inp|||,ouDd d.ü|c.., t nnln l., prlnLrr, .lc.) th.t hrn bon c.rlltl.d to complt wlth tho CL.3 I llnnr rn.y bo rlbchod io lhl. co|np||tar. Oporatlonof noncertlfl€dperlphorals wlth thls computorls llkoly to result In Interference wlth radloand W rocoptlon.Shlelded cables 3hould be usodon all lro connoctorg (e{cept the loystlck and mousoconn €ctoß);othorwlle, radloemls3lons may exceod FCCCless B llmlts.

Everyeflort has beonmade to en3uretho accuracyof tho prcductdocumentatlon In thlg manual.However, bocaus €we are conslantlylmprovhrg end updatlngour computer softwareand hardware,Aterl Con. ls unebleto guarenteethe accuracyof prlnted materlalaltor the date of publlcatlonand dlgclalmslleblllty for changes,errors, and omlsslon3. ATARI,ATARI BASIC, ATARI Looo, SC'122'f, SF314, SF354, SM124, STand 520STare tradomarksor reglstoredtrademarks of Aterl Corp, Contronlcals a r€glsteredtrademark of ContronlcaData Computer Corporallon. GEM,GEM Draw,GEM Graph, GEM Palnt and GEMWrlto are tredomartsor reglstered trademartsot Dlgltal Rosearchlnc. IBM 19a r€glstor€dtrademark of IntemetlonalBu3lno3s Machlnos. w ls a trademarkol Dlgltal EqulpmentCorpontlon. No reprcductlonof thls documentor any portlon ot lt3 contonts 13allowod wlthout the spocltlc wrltten pormlsslonof Atarl Corp.,Sunnwale, GA 910E6. /|\ATARI @1985Atari Corp. All RightsReserved. http://www.atariworld.org E http://www.atariworld.org

ullnd/\oc ",rsozg JUVIV)r INTROOUGTION A lew years ago the speed,memory, and graphicspower of the ATARIo520STrM Computer were beyondthe dreamsof most computerenthusiasts. Even today, we knowof no other computer that can offer you the performanceof the 520STComputer at any price.

The ATARI520ST System combines advanced technology and graphicsensibility in an easy-to-understandand simple-lo-use workingenvironment. No moreobscure commands to memorize and no morecomplicated procedures to follow.Computer opera- tionsare representedby iconson the screen-you simplychoose whatyou want,point to the icon,and clickr

With over 524,000bytes of RandomAccess Memory,the 520ST Computerhas the capacityfor the mostcomplex word processing tasksor the mostdetailed spreadsheet procedures. Educational programstake on new potentialwhen they are writtento take advantageof the graphicsand speedof the STComputer.

The 520STComputer offers you all the computingcapability you need:512 different colors, three graphtcs modes, BO columns of text,and enhancedgraphics resolution. And with the potentialto add a harddisk, a modem,a printer,and evena music synthesizer,the STComputer System can growwith your needs and adaotto new uses. HowTo Use This Manual We recommendthat you readthrough the manualand learnhow yournew systemworks. lt is especiallyimportant that you follow the instructionsfor makinga System Backupdisk in Chapter 4 before you start working with your 520STComputer. Once you haveyour TOSrMOperating System software on a SystemBackup disk, you won't haveto be concernedaboul damagingit. The manualis arrangedfor easyaccess to all the informationyou need.Chapler 1, Meet the ATARIST Computer, gets you acquainted with your new system.Chapter 2, SettingUp the Sf System,shows you how to unpackthe system,hook it up, and get it turnedon and operatingAnd Chapter 3, Understandingthe Keyboard, presentsthe uniquekeyboard on the STComputer with ils calculatorkeypad and specialfunction controls.

http://www.atariworld.org ..:r':.t..i il: i:r:iri Chapter4, GettingStarfed, moves you into controlof the system, introducingthe GEMrM Desktop, teaching you the tricks of controlling the mouseand dropdown menus, and presenling a step-by-step guideto makinga SystemBackup disk. Chapter 5,The Opening Menu,presents the details of workingwith each menu item. Chapter6, ManagingDrsks, Files, and Folders,demonstrates how to manageyour information. Chapter 7 , Applicationsfor theST Computer,provides descriptions of someof the majorapplication programsavailable for theST Computer System. TheAppendices to thisOwner's Manual are your resources. Troubleshooting,Mouse Care, a completeGlossary, and technical specificationsprovide information for everylevel of user.And shouldyou need more information or wishto becomepart of the extendednetwork of AtariUser Groups, refer to the Customer Supportsection at thevery end of thismanual.

http://www.atariworld.org TABTEOF GO]ITE]ITS GHAPTER1:MEETTHEATARISTG0MPUTER ...... 1 CHAPTER2:SETI|]{GUPTHESTSYSTEM...... s uilPAcr0ilGrlrEsYsTEit ....5 TheComputer...... 5 TheMonitorandDiskDrive...... 5 HooKrr{GuPr}tEsYslEilr ....6 TheComputer...... 7 TheMonitor...... 7 TheDiskDrive...... 7 TheMouse ...8 TwoDiskDrives .....9 TURMilG0NIIIESYSTEI|| ....10 CHAPTER3:UNDEßSTAilIII}IG THEKEYBOARD...... 13 CHAPTER4:GETTING STARTED . . .'17 TtfEGEilfDESKToP ...... 17 cot{TnotuilGT}tEit0usE _..18 Pointing .....19 Glicking ...... 20 Dragging ... . .21 MultipleSelections ...... 21 TAKI}IGATOUROFTIIEGEMDESKTOP ...... 22 Windows .....22 Menus ...... 28 Fifes...... 28 DeskAccessories ...30 Trash...... 30 DialogBoxesandAlertMessages ...... 30 ilIAKINGASYSIEilIBACKUPIISK...... 31 CHAPTERS:THE0PENIiIGMENU ...... 35 DESK...... 35 Desktoplnfo...... 36 W52Emulator...... 36 ControlPanel...... 37 SetRS232Gonfiguration...... 40 fnstallPrinter ...... 41

http://www.atariworld.org HLE...... 41 Open...... 42 Showlnfo ....42 NewFolder ...... 43 Close ...... 43 CloseWindow ...... 44 Format ...... 44 vEw...... 46 omoils .. .47 lnstallDiskDrive ....47 InstallApplication . . .48 SetPreferences. ....49 SaveDesktop...... 49 PrintScreen ...... 49 CHAPTER6: MANAGINGlllSKS, FILES, AND F0LDERS ...... 51 üsKs...... 51 Write-ProtectingDisks .....51 HrES.. ...53 CopyingFiles...... 53 DeletingFiles...... 56 RenamingFiles. ....56 FoutERs ...... 56 CreatingFolders ....57 OpeningFolders ....58 DeletingFolders. ....59 GHAPTER7: APPLIGATI0I{S FORTHE ST C0MPUTER . . . . .01 APPEillllxA:Tfl0UBLESHO0ING ...... 63 APPEl{lllXB:MOUSECARE...... 67 APPENUXG:GL0SSARY...... 6s APPENIIIXD:G0}INEGT0R PIil0UTSPECIHGAil0ilS ...... 7s APPEillllXE:ATARI520STSPECIHGAT|0ilS...... te CUST0}IERSUPP0RT...... 81

http://www.atariworld.org GHAPTERI MEETTHE ATARI ST GOMPUTER Whenyou use your ST Computer, you are interactingwith the entire computersystem. Your input goes through the keyboardand the mouse;the computer's oulput comes through the monitor and disk drive;computation occurs inside the keyboard unit, and informa- tionis storedon disks. TheST Computer is the centerof the STSystem. Attaching peripheraldevices (like disk drives, monitors, and printers) lets yourcomputer perform a varietyof functions.Take a lookat the outsideof yourST Computer to seehow the keyboard,the ports, andthe switchescan work to expandthe capabilitiesof yourST ComputerSystem.

Keyboard Fullstroke design with access to 94 keys,including a calculator keypad,special function and editing controls.

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' E@@@ @rre-rl@t@rm-r I I ll // I Reset Jr I \r Midiln I Modem leHardDisk On/Off I Jg ü a I MidiOut Monitor Printer FloppyDisk

// Reset Restartsthe ST Computer. I o On/Off Turnsthe STComouter on andoff.

: Power Connectsthe STComputer to the powersupply. Jg Jrl uioiout/Midi In MlDlstands for MusicatInstrument Digital Interface. These ports connectyour ST Computer to the latestgeneration of electronic musicalinstruments. The Midi In portlets your computer monitor a synthesizeror anyMlDl-equipped instrument. The Midi Out port givesthe STComputer control over the digitalinterface of an elec- tronicinstrument, letting you play sophisticated compositions, whilechanging the volume, tempo, and instrumentation. Using the MlDl interfaces,the STComputer can becomea sophisticated studiorecorder that lets vou create music one track at a time.

ü uonitor YourATARI High-Resolution SM1 24rM or RGBAnalog Color SC1224rM Monitorconnects to yourST Computer through this port. Q, Print"l' High-speedprinters connect to yourST Computer through this parallelinterface port. ATARI Printers developed especially for the STComputer attach here. lf youneed a morespecialized printer, manyother types of printerscan be attachedto yourST Computer.

http://www.atariworld.org \ tvtodem Modemsare connectedto theST Computer through this port. Any industry-standardRS232C modem can be attachedto yourcomputer.Your computer uses a modemto get in touchwith other computersusing the telephone.Hook your ST Computer up to an informationservice, to electronicmail, to thecomputer at your schoolor office,or to a friend'scomputer. You can also connect serialprinters and other RS232C devices to yourcomputer throughthe Modem port. I rtoppyoisx YourATARI MicroFloppy Disk Drive plugs into this port. The ST Computercan work with up to twodrives. Each single-sided ATARI SF354TMDisk Drive can storeover 360,000 bytes of information. .^ V HardDisk An ATARIHard Disk can be attachedlo yourST Computer through thisport. A harddisk drive can store more information and transmitthat information much faster than is possiblewith a floppy diskdrive. The Hard Disk port lransfers up to 10 millionbits of in- formationper second-enough to fillthe entire Random Access Memory(RAM) of the STComputer in a fractionof a second.

Cartridge

Cartridge Softwareprograms in cartridgeform are inserted,into this car- tridgeslot. Programs on ROM(Read Only Memory) cartridges work instantlywithout the extra time for loadingand without using any of yourcomputer's memory. Up to 131 ,072 bytes of programinfor- mationcan be containedon a cartridge.

http://www.atariworld.org Mouse/Joystick Joystick V (2 uou"e&Joystick Themouse attaches to yourST Computer through Mouse/Joystick port0. Atari-compatiblejoysticks can also be attached to yourST Computerthrough these ports.

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GHAPTER2 SETTII{GUP THEST SYSTEM UNPACIONGTHESYSTEM TheATARI ST Computer is partof a completecomputing system: thecomputer,the monitor, and the disk drive. you'must"häve all threec_omponents to operate the system.When yor.r open the largesr systemcarton, there are three individuär boies inside,each containing one of the threeparts of the system-. Removethe threeboxes carefuily and foirow the unpatkingin- structionsbetow. tt is a goodideä to savethe packiirg maöriats for storingand transporting your computer sysiem. TheComputer ,,ST Whe.nyou unpack the boxmarked Computer',,you will fino thefollowing items: I ATARIST Computer I PowerSupply I Mouse I STLanguage Disk I TOSSystem Disk I Owner'sManual I WarrantyCard

lf youare missingany of theseitems, contact your ATARr com- puterretailer. TheMonitor and Disk Ddve Insidethe ATARI Monitor and DiskDrive boxes are manualsfor each.component.The manuars describe the unpackingpro""dur"s andthe specificcharacteristics of eachcomponent. Täönnicat specifications,troubleshooting guides, care änd satety cnärts, ano Ataricustomer service informaiion are arso provided in the manuals.

http://www.atariworld.org ffi Spenda few momentsto readover the manuals,then unpack the monitorand disk drive carefully. Check to makesure that the listedparts of eachpackage are there. You will noticethat each boxcontains the followingcomponents: I Monitoror DiskDrive I PowerCable I InterfaceCable I Manual I WarrantyCard Untilyou haveyour system completely set up,it is a goodidea to keepthe pieces for eachcomponent separate to avoidany possible confusionin theset-up procedure. HOOKINGUPTHE SYSTEM Settingup yourST Computer System is easy.All thedevices simply plugtogether. All you needto do is plugthe connectorsinto the rightplaces. It is importantthat you choose the proper location for yourST System.Set up yoursystem where it won't haveto be movedoften andis notsubject to intenseheat or moisture.Your ST System is madeup of sophisticatedpieces of electronicequipment. Anywhere youwould set up yourstereo system or yourtelevision is suitable for yourcomputer. A goodplan for arrangingyour system for comfortableuse is to firstdecide how you want your components arranged, then go throughthe processof attachingthe piecesto eachother, and thento the powersupply. Arrangethe computer,monitor, and disk drive to yoursatisfaction on a firm levelsurface, then follow the instructionsbelow. Refer to the Owner'sManuals that came with your ATARI Monitor and Disk Drivefor moreideas and information on settingup andcaring for yoursystem.

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TheGomputer 1.With the On/Off Switch in theOff position, insert one end of the PowerAdapter into the portmarked "Power" on the backof the STComputer. Plug the otherend into the wall outlel or a power striD.

Computer

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To Power

To IPower TheMonitor 2. Insertthe videocable (attached to yourmonitor) into the port marked"Monitor" on the backof the STComouter. 3. Withthe monitorturned off, insertthe monitor'spower cable intoa walloutlet or powerstrip. TheDisk Dlive 4. Insertone end of theround interface cable (supplied with your diskdrive) into the l/O Connectormarked "ln" on theback of thedisk drive. Plug the other end into the port marked "Floppy Disk"on theback of theST Computer.

7 http://www.atariworld.org 5. Withthe diskdrive Power switch in the "Off" position,plug one endof the poweradapter into the portmarked "Power" on the backof the diskdrive. Plug the otherend of the poweradapter intoa walloutlet or powerstrip. Warning:When setting up yourcomputer systerh, place your disk driveat least12 inchesfrom your monitor. Monitors emit a magneticfield that can damage information stored on disks. TheMouse 6. Insertthe endof the mousecable into Mouse/Joystick port 0 on the sidepanel of the STComputer. Be sureto insertthe plug correctly.The plug is largerat thetop andwill fit intothe socket in onlyone way. Once inserted, the mousecan be moved aroundwhile still attached to the computer. Note:For more information on yourmouse, refer to AppendixB, MouseCare.

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TwoDisk Ddves YourST System can control up to two floppydisk drives. Hooking up thesecond drive is calledDaisy Chaimng the drives together. lf you'vepurchased a seconddrive, follow the stepsbelow to attach thedrive to yourST System.

DiskDrive A DiskDrive B @@ @n @@ @n o00 o

[,'* [,'* lnterfaceCable

1. Insertone end of the interfacecable of DriveB (thesecond drive)into the l/O Connectormarked "'ln" on theback of the diskdrive. Insert the other end of thecable into the l/O Connec- tor marked"Out" on the backof DriveA. 2. Withthe DriveB Powerswitch in the "Off" position,plug one endof the poweradapter into the portmarked "Power" on the backof the diskdrive. Plug the otherend of the adapterinto the walloutlet or a oowerstrio.

http://www.atariworld.org TURNINGON THE SYSTEM 1.Check to makesure that all your cable and power connections are insertedproperly. 2.Turn on yourmonitor, your disk drive, and then your computer. Yourmonitor screen will look like this:

3. Followthe promptson the screen.Hold the TOS System Disk by itsplastic casing with the label facing up and the metal end towardsthe sloton thedisk drive. Slide the diskgently forward intothe drive opening until it "clicks"into position. The disk will be completelyinside the drive when properly inserted.

BusyLight* http://www.atariworld.org ffiffi,;l*ffi' ..a -;,i :. !' .:i

Note:lf thedisk doesn't slide into the drive smoothly, pull it out, andreinsert it. Neverforce the disk into the drive. To removea diskfrom the drive,push the Ejectbutton on the frontpanel of the drive.Never try to removea diskwhen the Busy light is on as informationstored on thedisk might be damaged. 4. Movethe mouse until the mouse pointer tt is on the OK buttonand click the left mouse button once. Or youcan pressthe [Return] key on theST Computer keyboard. TheBusy light on thefront panel of thedrive will light up as thein- formationon thedisk is loadedinto your computer. The GEM Desktopwill then appear on themonitor screen.

11 http://www.atariworld.org The GEM Desktopis the startingplace for learningabout your ST ComputerSystem. Before you beginexperimenting with yourcomputer,look over this Owner's Manual. Understanding fully how lo operateand care for yoursystem will makethe learningprocess easierand morefun. lt is especiallyimportant that you follow the directions on Making a System Backup Disk in Chapter 4. Note: lf the GEM Desktopis not on your monitorscreen, check to make sure that you havefollowed the stepsabove or referto Appendix A, Troubleshooting.

CaringFor Your ATARI ST System I Wipeoff componentswith a moist,lint-free cloth. I Keepall partsof the systemout of directsunlight and awayf rom intenseheat. I Neveruse householdsolvents or cleanerson the computeror components, I Keepliquids away from work area. I Avoidsmoking near your computer system. I Don'tmove the comoutermore than is necessarv. I Avoiddusty or greasywork areas.

12 http://www.atariworld.org GHAPTER3 UNDERSTANDINGTHE KEYBOARD TheST Computer keyboard looks very similar to thosefamiliar officetools-the typewriterand the calculator. But the 94 keyson thecomputer keyboard offer advanced calculating and editing op- portunities.The special function keys are designed to streamline manyprocedures used in softwareprograms.

FunctionKeys --i

I CursorControls I TypewriterStyle Keyboard CalculatorKeypad

Thefollowing descriptions illustrate the groups of keysthat make up theST Computer keyboard and explain how the keys function. Theletters of the alphabeton the STComputer are arranged exactlythe sameas on a typewriter.Press a keyto crealea lowercaseletter. lf the[Shift] key is helddown, uppercase letters result.Pressing the [Return] key moves the cursor to thebeginning of thenext line.

13 http://www.atariworld.org Thenumber and symbol keys have two differentcharacters on the keytops. Pressing either a numberor symbolley proOuceitne lowercharacter on the key.When [Shifi] is presöeO,the upper characterappears.

Pressthe lcaps Lock]key to produceuppercase letters without the [s_hift]key. Press [caps Lock]again io returnto rowercase.-- The[Caps Lockl keyonty effectslne tetters of the atphabei; numbersand symbolsare not shiftedwhen [Caps to'ct<1is on.

Thecursor controls move the cursoraround a windowin a text- editingapplication like word processing. Many softwar" progrär. use thesekeys in the,foilowingways. The [Deiete] and [Bäckipace] keyserase the lastcharacter preceding the cursörand purt ail subsequent charactersinto. the vacated position. The Ildsert] key creates.ane-xtra space and pushes back the remainingcharäcters on the line. ThelCtr llopg] keybrings the cursor to thetop of a textscreen. And the [Tab] key moves the cursorto the nexttab position.

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Withthe [Alternate] key pressed, the four arrow keys control the mousepointer on theGEM Desktop instead of thetext cursor. Eachpress of the cursorkey moves the pointer8 pixels.ll [Shift] and[Alternate] are bothheld down together, the mousepointer movesone pixel with each press of thecursor key. The finsert] and [Alternate]keys function as the left mousebutton when pressed together.The [Clr Home]and [Alternate] keys function as the right mousebutton when pressed together. For more information on usingcursor controls rather than the mouse to activatethe ST Computerwindows, see Ghapter 4, GettingStarted

The[Esc] key updates the top or activewindow on theGEM Desktop.lf youhave a diskwindow opened and then insert a new diskinto the drive, pressing [Esc] changes the window display to showthe files on the newdisk.

Thecalculator keypad holds the numbers, arithmetic symbols, and [Enter]key. They are arranged in standardcalculator fashion for convenienceand speed in number-orientedwork. The [Shift] key hasno effect on thesekeys. [Enter] performs the same functions as the[Return] key when you use the calculator keypad.

15 http://www.atariworld.org Thefunction keys are usedin softwareprograms to perform specializedprocedures. The [Control] key, like the [Shift] and [Alternate]keys, is helddown to changethe meaningof a character.Refer to the manualfor eachsoftware program to learn whatthese keys do.

lf you havea graphicsprinter attached to yourST Computer, you canprint whatever is on yourscreen by pressingthe [Alternatel and[Help] keys together. (Pressing the [Alternate] and [Help] keys againwill stop the printing process.)This function is thesame as usingthe PrintScreen option of theOptions menu. (See the section on Optionsin Chapter5, TheOpening Menu.)

http://www.atariworld.org 16 . -;

GHAPTER4 GETTIIIGSTARTED THEGEM DESKTOP Whenyou first turn on theST Computer and load the TOS System disk,you'll see the GEM Desktop with three "icons" (pictures) alongthe leftside of the screenand the openingMenu Bar along the top.The Floppy Disk icons allow you to controlthe information on yourdisks. The Trash icon lets you dispose of yourunwanted information.And the MenuBar gives you access to mostof the utilitiesand applications available from the GEM Desktop. As youget acquaintedwith your ST System, the GEMDesktop and its featureswill be an imporlantpoint of referencefor you.

GEM Desktop MenuBar File Uiex 0pti ons FloppyDisk lcons l

Trashlcon +

Themouse is the maindevice for controllingyour ST Computer. Butyou have the optionof usingeither the mouseor the cursor keysto manipulatethe menus.lf youprefer using the cursorkeys, referto "Controllingthe MousePointer With the Cursor Keys" on page19 for details. 't7 http://www.atariworld.org * ' .,li

CONTROLLINGTHEMOUSE Themouse is a smallbox with two buttonson loDand a smallball underneath.lt detects motion (direction, distance, and speed) throughthe movementof the smallball. The left mouse button is usedto "select"and move icons and files. The right button is usedwith some software programs. Tounderstand how the mouseoperates, place it on a flatsurface so thatthe side with the cable is facingthe computer. Then move themouse around--lelt, right, forward, backward, in circles.On themonitor screen a smallarrow called the "mouse oointer" followsthe movementsof the mouse.

(JERTICHLIIOt,SE IIIItJEIIET{T

Pointer t Pointer \ Pointer \\\ \ \ th \ \\\\\rt\ \t\\ \ ll0Rltolrlfitn0u5E rl0uEl,tEltl \ 0IRCUIRß1t0ü5t il0t|HtEltT

MouseDirection

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By movingthe mouseacross a surface,you can positionthe mousepointer anywhere on theGEM Desktop. With the GEM Desktopon the monitorscreen, practice moving the pointer aroundthe Desktop.

Contrullingthe lJlouse Pointer l{ith theCurcor Keys Pressthe [Alternate] key and any of the cursorkeys to movethe pointer B pixels. Pressthe [Alternate], [Shift], and a cursorkey to movethe pointer1 pixel.

Pressthe [Alternate] and flnsertl keys to selectan icon. Thisis thesame as pressingthe left mouse button.

PreSsthe [Alternate] and [Clr Home]keys to performthe rightmouse button functions.

Presslhe [Alternate],flnsertl, and a cursorkey together to "drag"an icon.

Toadjust the speedand responsiveness of the cursorkeys, refer to the sectionon theControl Panel in Ghapter5, TheOpening Menu. Pointing Themouse pointer selects icons on the screen.When you point to a wordor an icon,the tip of the mousepointer must be touching thatword or icon.

Positioningthe Mouse Pointer Fi le Uiex 0p

Incorrect Correcl Incorrect

19 http://www.atariworld.org Whenyou "select" an icon,you tell the computer that you want to do somethingwith the program or filethat the icon represenls. Youselect an iconby pointingat and"clicking" on thepicture. To clickon an icon,press, and immediately release the left mouse button.

Trypointing at andclicking on oneof theicons. When you click on an icon,it darkensto indicatethat it is selected.To cancel your selection,move the pointer anywhere else on theGEM Desktop andclick the left mouse button. lf youselect a secondicon, the firstselection will be cancelled.(See "Multiple Selections" for techniqueson selectingmore than one icon.)

Selectingan lcon Cancellinga Selection Desk File Uier Desk File Uiex t|ptions

Note:To customize the clickingrate and responsiveness of the mousebutton, refer to the sectionon theControl Panel in Chapter5, TheOpening Menu.

20 http://www.atariworld.org Dragging Youcan rearrangethe iconson the GEMDesktop in anyway you like.To move an icon,select it (clickon the leftmouse button), and"drag" it to its newlocation. To drag an icon,press and hold the leftmouse button while you move the mousepointer. A "ghost"(outline) of the iconfollows the pointer.When you releasethe button,the iconjumps to its newlocation.

Ghostlcon

MultipleSelections Youmay want to selectmore than one icon. However, once you haveclicked on an icon,clicking anywhere else on thescreen will cancelyour first selection. Thereare two methodsto selectmore than one icon. The first methodis to pressand hold the leftmouse button while the mouse pointeris nearby(but not touching) the iconsyou want to select. Thendrag the pointeracross the desired icons. As youdrag the pointer,a smallbox will form around the icons,and every icon insidethat box will be selectedafler you releasethe leftmouse button.

21 http://www.atariworld.org The secondmethod for selectingmore than one icon is to hold down the [Shift] key on the keyboardwhile you click on the icons. Thisis a convenientmethod when the iconsare not in sequence and cannotbe separatedfrom eachother within a largebox. Remember,if you want to cancelyour selection,move the mouse pointeranywhere else on the GEM Desktopand clickthe left mousebutton once. TAIONGA TOUR OF THE GEM DESKTOP tMndows On mostcomputers, all the activitytakes place on thefull video displayscreen. On the ST Computer, the activity takes place in areascalled "windows." Windows are miniature screens within the largervideo display screen. The GEM Desktop allows you to haveup to fouropen windows at the sametime.

Note:The open windows in thismanual are examples only. Your TOSSystem disk may show a differentnumber of bytesused and differentfiles.

22 http://www.atariworld.org Desk File Uiex t|ptions

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0peningWindows Thereare two methodsto opena window.The first method is "double-clicking".Point to theicon for FloppyDisk A anddouble- clickthe left mouse button (quickly click the button twice). Thesecond method to opena windowis usingthe Openoption underthe Fileheading in the MenuBar. Follow these steps to open a windowwith the Fileoption: I Pointat theFloppy Disk A iconand select it. I Pointat the Fileheading on theMenu Bar I Movethe pointer until the word "Open" is shaded,then click theleft mouse button once. As the computeris openingFloppy Disk A, the Beeicon appears. Wheneverthe computer retrieves information from the disk drive, thisicon will be displayed. WhenFloppy Disk A opens,you'll see several file icons and the utilitiesavailable in evervwindow format.

23 http://www.atariworld.org Close Box MoveBar Diskldentifier

Desk File Uier tlption-l iiiiiiiii'iiil i.::l::::iii::iiii

InformationLine

SizeBox

TheDisk ldentifier and InformationLine are window management tools.The Disk ldentifier keeps track of whichdisk you're using (eitherA or B).The Information Line tells how much of the disk's storagecapacity is filled,and with how many items. Your SF354 DiskDrive has a totalstorage capacity of 357,376bytes. To see the remainingstorage capacity of a disk,refer to the ShowInfo optionunder the Fileheading on the MenuBar. A windowis activewhen the MoveBar (along the top edge) is shadedand the ScrollBars (along the rightand bottom edges) con- tainthe Scroll Arrows and utility boxes. An activewindow can be sized,moved, dragged, or haveits contents scrolled. Only one windowcan be activeat a time.lf youhave more than one window open,you can makeany open window active by pointingand clickingon it.

24 http://www.atariworld.org ffi "'r.1t tt",r"";

MovingWindows Youcan movea windowto anyposition on theGEM Desktop by usingthe MoveBar. The MoveBar is locatedon the top edgeof a window.To move a window,point at the MoveBar, press and hold the leftmouse button, then drag the window to anylocation on the GEMDesktop and release the button. Movingwindows is especiallyuseful when you needto position morethan one open window on the Desktooand need to move filesor foldersfrom one window to another.

Move -l

SizingWindows Youcan make a windowany rectangularsize or shapeyou want. First pointat the small box calledthe Size Box in the lower right- hand cornerof the window,then pressand hold the left mouse button.Then drag the SizeBox in the desireddirection-down, to lengthenthe window;up, to shorten;right, to widenit; left,to make it narrower.

25 http://www.atariworld.org W A quickway to enlargea windowis to pointand click on thesmall boxcalled the FullBox in the upperright-hand corner of the window.lf youclick on thisbox, the window will expand to fillthe entirescreen. Clicking on the FullBox again returns the window to its previoussize, shape, and position on the GEMDesktop.

ScrollingWindows lf youwant to seethe itemsthat may be cut off at the edgesot a window,but you don't have enough room to makethat window larger,you can "scroll"the contentsof thewindow. The two ScrollBars-one alongthe rightside and the other along the bottomedge of thewindow-will scrollthe contentsto the right, to theleft, up, or down. EachScroll Bar has an arrowat bothends. To scroll, point at the ScrollArrow that indicates the directionin whichyou want the contentsto move.then click the leftmouse button.

http://www.atariworld.org 26 ScrollBar

Scroll Bar ffili ScrollArrow Scroll ScrollArrow

EachScroll Bar contains a smallbox called the ScrollBox. Anotherway to scrollis to dragthe ScrollBox in thevertical Scroll Barup or down,or to dragthe Scroll Box in the horizontalScroll Barleft or right. A portionof the ScrollBar will be shadedwhen there are files hiddenthat you might not otherwise notice or remember. GlosingWindows To close a window,click on the small box calledthe CloseBox in the upper left-handcorner of the window.The windowwill immediatelyclose and returnyou to anotherwindow or to the GEM Desktoo.

27 http://www.atariworld.org Menus Alongthe top of the GEMDesktop is the MenuBar. The menu headingsare: Desk, File, View, and Options. To see the options withinany menu, point at themenu heading. The word will becomeshaded and the menuwill automaticallydrop down.

MenuHeadings

MenuBar

Whenyou are readyto selecta Menuoption, point at the itemyou wantand click the leftmouse button once. The lightened words areoptions not available to you.These options require that a file, an application,or a devicealready be opened.Look over Chapter 5, TheOpening Menu,lor detailed information on howto choosea Menuoption and how to followthe GEM Desktop prompts. Sorne of theoptions may appear to causeunexpected results if youare notfamiliar with their functions. Files Yourinformation is storedin files.To see the fileson theTOS Systemdisk, double-click on the FloppyDisk A iconto openthe window.Then examine the iconsinside the window. Note:The open windows in thismanual are examples only. Your TOSSystem disk may show a differentnumber ol bytesused and differentfiles.

" http://www.atariworld.org 28 Non-Programlcons

Programlcon

Theicons that look like sheets of paperwith a cornerfolded over representnon-program files. These files contain data that are usedby applicationprograms. Theicon without the folded corner is a programfile. Program filescontain application programs. Double click on thefile "SAMPLE.PRG".The icon will zoom open into a window,and the applicationwill start automatically. This demonstration program letsyou practice your window sizing, moving, and closing skills Toexit from the sampleprogram, close the application window. A thirdtype of iconlooks like a filefolder. Folders may contain severalfiles. lf youdouble-click on a folder,it will openout intoa windowthat shows additional icons representing various files. Referto the sectionon Foldersin Chapter6, ManagingDrsks, Files,and Folders.

29 http://www.atariworld.org j' ..1' i:' ,;

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lleskAccessodes Deskaccessories can be activatedat anytime, whether you are usingthe GEMDesktop or mostany other application. The standarddesk accessories that come with the ST Computer Systemare the W52 Emulator,Control Panel, Set RS232 Config., andInstall Printer package. Pointat theDesk heading, then click on theoption you wish to use.For more information, refer to the Desksection in Chapter5, TheOpening Menu. Trash ft? IlIllJ TRgSH The Trash TheTrash icon works a lot likea realtrash can. lf thereis somethingyou want to removefrom your disk, drag the item to theTrash icon. lt will be erasedfrom your disk. Warning:The Trash icon works more like an incineratorthan a trashcan. Once you havethrown something away, it's gone. Youcan'l reachback in andpull it out again. IlalogBoxes and Alert Messages IlalogBoxes Whenthe STComputer needs to exchangeinformalion with you, it will showa DialogBox in the centerof theGEM Desktop. Dialog Boxesestablish a dialogbetween yourself and the computer.The DialogBox below is requestinginformation from you so a pro cedurecan be completed. Dialog Box

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EnlargedBorder ExitButtons http://www.atariworld.org 30 ffi Toexit from a DialogBox, point at oneof the Exitbuttons and click.lf the Exitbutton has an erilargedborder, you can pressthe [Return]key on the STComputer keyboard rather than using the leftmouse button Ahrt llessages AlertMessages are displayed in a DialogBox. They inform you thatthe operationyou are performing or aboutto performis improperor impossible. Whenyou see an AlertMessage, like the onebelow, just follow the prompts.

Youcrn drrg the tr.5h cln to rnothetlocrtion on the Desktop,but gouclnnot Dl.c,eit ontoD of önother 'icon,

-of-'l MAKINGA SYSTEM BACKUP IXSK EveryST Computer owner should make a SystemBackup disk. lf somethinghappens to theTOS System disk that came with your system,you will be unableto workwith your computer. Also, the TOSSystem disk is permanentlywrite-protected. You cannot put anynew information on thedisk. lf youdecide to customizecer- tain responsesof yourcomputer with the ControlPanel, you will not be ableto saveyour custom changes. Once you make a SystemBackup disk you can saveyour changes and not worry aboutdamaging your original TOS System disk. Tomake a SystemBackup disk you will needa new,blank, 3-1/2 inchdisk. (Disks can be purchasedat anycomputer retailer.) Making a SystemBackup disk is veryeasy. With the computerturned on andthe TOS System disk loaded, just follow the stepsbelow and readthe promptsthat appear in the DialogBoxes. 1. lf youhave one disk drive, insert the blank Backup disk into the diskdrive and place the TOS System disk aside. When the ST Computerrequires a diskswitch, it willdisplay the message in a DialogBox.

31 http://www.atariworld.org ffi Note:lf you havetwo disk drives, insert the TOS System disk into DriveA andthe Backupdisk into Drive B. Withtwo drives,always keepthe TOS System disk in DriveA andthe Backupdisk in Drive B, andfollow the prompts. 2. Toformat the Backupdisk, click on the iconfor FloppyDisk B andselect the Format option from the Fileheading on theMenu Bar.Click on the leftmouse button and the first FormatBox. shownbelow, is displayed.

tornattingrill ERfSEall the infornötionon the disk in driveBl, Clickon 0l( onlgif goudonrt nind losingthis infornation, fif,-l F'fi]

Thismessage warns you that formatting will erase the disk. This is a safeguardto preventyou from accidentally formatting and erasingthe disk.Click on the OK buttonand proceed to the se- condFormat Box.

t0RtsI l-Er-ä--l DRIUTIDI EI fFlmi-l DISTLROELI F0ß'ltII Kililttft.l+il DoüneSid-it-]

Youcan nameyour disk in thisDialog Box. Type in a descriptive name,like "System.1". Make sure the option "singlesided" is shaded,then click on the Formatbutton. You already have your Backupdisk in DriveA, so continueon to the nextstep. As thedisk is formatted,you can watch the processwith the WorkingBox.

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TheSystem Backup disk is nowformatted and can nowhold gSZ,STObytes of information.Click on the Exitbutton. Youwill be returnedto the FormatBox. Click on the Exitbutton andreturn to the GEMDesktop. Note:lf theformatted disk cannot hold 357,376 bytes of information;it is a defectivedisk. Place a newdisk in the diskdrive and formatit. 3.To copy the TOS System disk, insert it intothe diskdrive, selectFloppy Disk A withthe mousepointer and drag it on top of the FloppyDisk B iconand release the leftmouse button. Youwill seea DialogBox warning you that copying Disk A to DiskB erasesinformation on DiskB. Clickon the OK button andthe DiskcopyBox is displayed.

DISK00PY mi] rrdFr.] souxtEDßrrrE: er DESTIIRTIOTDRIUE! BI

33 http://www.atariworld.org Clickon theCopy button and follow the promptsto linishthe copyingprocess. You will be instructedto switchdisks until the copyingprocess is completed. Whenthe diskhas been copied, you will seethe DiskcopyBox again.Click on theExit button and return to theGEM Desktop. Putthe TOS System disk in a safestorage place. Label the Backupdisk "Backup System disk". From now on, use lhe BackupSystem disk whenever you work with your ST Computer.

34 http://www.atariworld.org GHAPTER5 THEOPENIiIG MEI{U TheOpening Menu is thestarting point for mostof yourwork with the STComputer. When you first turn on the STComputer after loadingthe TOS System disk, the MenuBar is locatedat the topof theGEM Desktop. The Menu Bar has four headings: Desk, File,View, and Options. Each heading has its own menu. To accessa menufrom the Menu Bar, point at a headingand the menuwill drop down. DESK TheDesk Menu contains items that you can access at mosttimes, whetheryou are working from the GEM Desktop or fromwithin mostany'program.

35 http://www.atariworld.org IlesktopInfo The DesktopInfo optionis the billboardfor the GEM Desktop, showingwhich programis loadedinto the syslem and the copyrightinformation. Most programs will displaysimilar types o{ identifyinginformation in thisoption. Select the DeskInfo option and the followingDialog Box will be displayed:

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Cogerisht(c) ll85 RIRRICtlRP. Digitrl Research,Inc, ßll RiqhtsReserved, -l fj-K

VT52Emulator TheW52 Emulatoris a telecommunicationsprogram, allowing you to sendand receive information through the Modemport located on the backpanel of the STComputer. The program is usedmost oftenwhen the computeris attachedto a modemand to a com- municationsnetwork through the telephone lines. Selectthe W52 Emulatoroption from the Deskheading. Thefollowing instructions will be displayed:

ffi * ßtrri UI52lerrinrl Enlrtor *

U1100to rcturn to desltop. llE[Pto configureterninrl.

36 http://www.atariworld.org Äs r # '4 f f"f f p'f f fpl/'"*r'*""' fft'f-/f f f f Fss*# _dd "f

Youhave three options lor usingthis program: 1. Usethe W52 Emulatorto communicatewith another computersystem. To usethe emulator,simply type your message.lt will go throughthe Modemport to the modem, overthe telephone lines, and into another system.

2. Pressthe [Helpl key on the STComputer keyboard and the RS232Configuration menu will appear.For detailed information on howto usethe menu.refer to the section,"Set RS232 Configuration".

3. Pressthe [Undo] key on the STComputer keyboard and return to the GEMDesktop. ControlPanel TheControl Panel is dividedinto five separate sections: I Clock/Calendar I KeyboardResponse Selector I MouseClick Response I AudioFeedback (Keyclick/Bell) I PaletteControl/Color Selector

Note:To save the changesyou make with the Control Panel, use the SaveDesktop option in the Optionsmenu.

37 http://www.atariworld.org iiiiiiiiC0llT PßII t2:15ßll Clock/Calender Keyboard Response Palette Selector Brightness Conlrols MouseClick flEtrEEB Response

Audio Feedback IIIIIII (Keyclick/Bell) IIIIIIII

Clock/Calendar To set the clockor calendar,position the mousepointer in the Clockwindow (left window)or the Calendarwindow (right window) and clickthe mousebutton. The window will reverseshading and you can enterthe correcttime or datedirectly f rom the ST keyboard.When you finish,click in the windowagain and the clockand calendarwill be set. Keyboadßesponse Selector Everykey on theST Computer keyboard will repeatif youcontinue to holdit down.The Keyboard Response Selector controls how soonthe keysstart repeating and how quickly they repeat. TheUpper Slide controls how soon the keysstart repeating after thekey is helddown: Moving the slider to theleft makes the keys repeatsooner. The Lower Slider controls the repeatspeed: Moving the sliderto the leftmakes the keysrepeat laster. To movethe Slider,select and drag the indicator to thedesired position. Thisfeature is veryuseful for adjustingthe responsivenessof the cursorkeys.

. :,i;il 38 :-::: 'iffi.. http://www.atariworld.org '.:.-:- -;t' MouseGlick Besponse lf youdo notdouble-click quickly enough, the ST Computer may interpretthe clicks as twoseparate single clicks. To makethe double-clickresponse time slower, click on oneof theboxes closerto theResting Mouse icon. Forexperienced users, the slower click response time may be frustrating.To speed up thedouble-click speed, select one of the boxesnearer to theRunnrno Mouse icon. AudioFeedback The STComputer has two kindsof audiofeedback: A click after each keystrokeand a bell alter keyboardand mousemovement errors.(A commonmouse movement error that soundsa bell is tryingto selectanother function before you exit from a Dialog Box.)Toactivate or deactivatethese audio features, click on the Keytopicon or the Bellicon on the ControlPanel. A solidicon indicatesthat the functionis active,a shadedicon indicatesthat it is disabled. PaletteGontrols ThePalette Controls are only functional when you use the ATARI 5C1224RGB Analog Color Monitor. The Palette Controls do not workwith the ATARI SM124 Monochrome Monitor. In low-resolutioncolor display mode, the ST Computer can pro- duceup to 16colors at onetime. The Palette Controls allow you to mixthe three primqry video colors (Red, Green, and Blue) to make a paletteof thecolors you want. To select one of the16 colors, clickon oneof the PaletteBoxes along the bottomof theControl Panel.To modifythat color, move the threesliders in the color controlsection to thepositions you desire. Each slider has eight positions.Selecting a positionthat is higherincreases the brightnessof thatcolor. To resetthe setting on theControl Panel, click on the'Cancel button.To exit the Control Panel, click on theClose Box in the upperleffhand corner.

39 http://www.atariworld.org ,:-:n' ,.,.,::: i! -,.i1" ' ,iu' ,:i'' ,'" "f ., . , .,tt" ,r" .rr,t ,,,.0 , -'f' -,r,'

SetRS232 Configuration Theport labelled "Modem" on the backof the STComputer is a RS232Cserial port. This port is usedmost often to communicate fromyour computer through a modemto anothercomputer. Select the SetRS232 Configuration option and the following Dialog Box willbe displayed:

RSZI?PORT COTFIEÜRNTIOT lrud Rrter @lf8-00lmm[3Edl Pmitu r IMI-oDD-][EIETI Duplexr[!!UT[IB lits/cher:Ef7-]filftl striptit: EI-0Fil Flor Control lon/Iofft l]T]@ Rts/GtslE@ mr-l lrl-mI

ThisDialog Box lets you match the conligurationof the RS232C portwith the configurationof the modemyou are communicating with.Refer to the modemmanual for specificinformation on which parametersto choose.The major choices are explained below. BaudRate Baudrate is the speedat whichdata is transmitted.(Baud is a measureof bitsper second.) The fastest rate is 9600baud; the slowestis 300baud. You must set the baudrate to accommodate bothmodems. Padty Whenevercomputers send information over the telephone lines thereis a chancethat some of the informationmay get garbled, dueto imperfectionsin the lines.Parity is a methodthat com- outersuse to examineinformation and determine whether it is correct.

40 http://www.atariworld.org Mmffirykffiffi*' Duplex Whenyou type on yourkeyboard, the STComputer can determine whetheror notyou see the characterson yourmonitor screen. Thereare two modesthat the W52 Emulatorprogram can choose fromto handlethis distinction. In the FULLDuplex mode, the com- puterechoes the charactersyou send on the monitorscreen. In the HALFDuplex mode, the charactersare echoed from the receiver'scomputer. To select the modeyou want, use the Duolexcommand. InstallPdnter Thisoption lets you select the parametersto usedifferent types of printers.Refer to yourprinter manual to determinewhich oarametersto choose.

IostallPrinter Printerlgper IililI trtiil color:@! @g_Ll Pixels/Line:lV[,f'f f@_q_i 0ualiterfE |Etlilj PrintefPort: |@ [ildett_,] Papertsper@ i5lnrlgj t-dr-l Eiilcill

FILE TheFile Menu contains options that allow you to manipulateyour files,manage your windows, create folders, and format disks.

http://www.atariworld.org 0pen TheOpen option is usedto begina programor revealthe contents of a disk,a file,or a folder.To begin a programor opena file, selectthe program'sicon, point to the Openoption in the File Menu,and clickthe left mousebutton once. You can alsoselect a foldericon with the Openoption and displaythe contentsof that folderin the currentwindow. An alternativeto this methodis to selectthe program'sicon and double-clickthe left mousebutton. ShowInfo When you selecl an icon and then selectthe Show Info option,in- formalionis displayedon the program,data file, or Desktopitem that the icon represents.For example,the Show Info DialogBox for a FloppyDisk icon mightlook like the following:

DISt(IltoRrrllot DriveIdentilier: RI DishLabel: luder of toldersl _0 luüer of lterE: _2 EgterUsedi JOEJET Bytesevri laDle: Jl7{55 t-6[-l

The ShowInfo option identifies the disk,lets you labelthe disk,gives the numberol foldersand items,and the numberof bytesused and available.You can usethis option to manageyour files on a disk.

Youcan also renamea file with the Show Info option.Press the [Backspace]key to delelethe filename,type a new name,and eitherpress the [Return]key or clickon the OK buttonto writethe new filenameon the disk.

Note: The ST Computerreserves '1024 bytes on the disk for each file,even if the file is smaller.Depending on the numberand size of your files,the numberof bytesused plus the numberof bytes availablemay not equalthe exactgorage capacityof the disk. This is causedby the reservedbyte faclor lor each file. The Bytes Usedand BytesAvailable options should be usedlo monitoryour disk storagecapacity 42 http://www.atariworld.org ffi" NewFolder Foldersare collections oJ {iles you creale to helporganize your files.When you turn on yourST System, there won'l be any foldersunless you have created and saved folders beforehand. You'llneed to usethe New Folder ootion lo createthem. Ooen yourFloppy Disk icon, select the New Folder option, and this DialogBox will be displayed:

IIE}IFt|LDER taoel | .- l-fi-] fcin-i]

Whenyou havegiven the new foldera nameand clickedon the OK button,your new folder'sicon will appearin the currentwindow (the one that you are workingin).

To put yourfiles into the folder,simply drag them intothe new folder.When the foldericon is shaded,release the left mouse button,follow the promptsin the DialogBox and the filewill be copiedinto the folder

Fordetailed procedures on creatingand managingfolders, see Chapter 6, ManagingDisks, Files,and Folders. Glose Thereare three ways to closea window.lf youhave a windowon yourscreen and you don't want it displayed,you can either select theClose or CloseWindow options from the Frlemenu, or you can clickon thewindow's Close Box.

It is alwaysa goodidea to putwindows away if youare not using them.You can only have four windows open on the GEMDesktop at anyone time and any extra open windows will useup someof the availableDesktop space.

TheClose option will closeonly the activewindow, not all the windowson the GEMDesktop. The Close option or CloseBox will alsoclose down the mostrecently opened folder. lf youare not withina particularfolder, the window itself will close. 43 http://www.atariworld.org W Gloselilindow TheClose Window option closes down all thefolders and removes thewindow from the GEMDesktop.

Fomat Thesurface of a floppydisk is similarto a record.The information thatyou store on thedisk is recordedin circularpatterns. Unlike a record,however, the patternsare not in placewhen you first buy the disk;you mustput themonto the diskbefore you can use it. The processof preparinga diskto acceptdata is called"formatting". Toformat a disk,select the FloppyDisk icon to be formatted,then selectthe Formatoption from the Filemenu, and the first Format Boxwill be displayed.

Forrtttint xill ER0SEall the ilforfiationon the disk in drivelt, Clickon 0K onll if goudon't nind losingthis informtion, llil ffile-i]

Inserta blankdisk in yourdisk drive, click on theOK button, and thisDialog Box will be displayed:

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Toname the disk,type in the nameusing the STComputer keyboard.Use the [Backspace] key to deleteany errors. lf youare usingthe ATARI SF354 Disk Drive, the single-sided option should be shaded.Choose the double-sidedoption if youare usingthe ATARISF314rM Disk Drive. To change the option,click on the optionspace and the shadingwill reverse.Once you have made yourselection, click on the Formatbutton and your disk will be formatted.Follow the promptsto switchdisks. A WorkingBox will monitorthe formattingprocess.

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Whenthe disk is formatted,you will seethe followingDialog Box. lf yourdisk doesn't have 357,376 bytes available, the disk is defective.Place a newdisk in the diskdrive and format it.

Thisdisk hrs 357376bctes rvrilrbleto user, m

Clickon the Exitbutton and you will be returnedto the Format Box.lf youdon't want to formatanother disk, click on theOK buttonand returnto the GEMDesktop. Note:You can reformatold disks, but if youdo, any data that wason thedisks will be lost.

45 http://www.atariworld.org vtEw TheView Menu allows you to displayyour files by lconand Text, andsort by Name,Date, Size, or Filetype.

Whendisplaying a file,the checkmark in frontof the option indicateshow the displayis set.To modifythe file display,select the optionyou want by clickingon it. The followingtwo windows showa file displayas lconsand as Textfor the same disk.

Show as lcons ÜDtrU

Show as Text

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The icon nexl to "Folder" in the Textwindow indicatesthat the file is a folder,not an application,or data file. The Textwindow also showsthe filenameand size.and the date and time the file was last modified. 46 http://www.atariworld.org -,..,:"'..rrt" "n:t,;ttr I

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InstallDisk Ddve Whenyou turn on yourST System, two FloppyDisk icons are displayed.Each disk has a diskidentifier (a letter)and an icon label.You can changethe identifier,remove a diskicon, or add a diskicon by usingthe InstallDisk Drive option. Select a disk icon,then select the InstallDisk Drive option. The lollowing Dialog Boxwill be displayed:

InsIRrL0r5r( tlRlut DriueIdrntifier: fil Icon [abel: FL0PPY0ISlt- lir'stail lTelro,,sI tfiäiöi-]

Tochange the disk identifier or iconlabel, point at the item youwanl to changeand click the leftmouse button. Press the [Backspace]key on the STComputer keyboard to erasethe currentname and type in anyname you wish. Warning:Use the InstallDisk Drive option with caution. lf you removeboth disk icons and then save this new Desktop on your SystemBackup disk, you'll need to makea newSystem Backup diskto getthe disk icons functioning again. Note:To save the changesmade using the InstallDisk Drive option,use the SaveDesktop option.

47 http://www.atariworld.org InstallApplication Withthe InstallApplication option, you can changethe way an applicationprogram will run,or you can determinethe kindof datafile thatwill openan application.With an applicationprogram openin a window,select the InstallApplication option f rom the OptionsMenu. The followingDialog Box will be displayed:

ITSTELL 'PPLICRTIO[ ßpolicationtar: PRI .PRd oocumotlgpe i ßpplicationIIDe: ffiIf [E_l l]0S:tsEs oarlr'ters--l

for-l ffilüi-l

lf you want the programto receivea datafile beforeit beginsto run,choose one of the threeoptions. Choose "GEM" if you have an applicationthat takesadvantage of the specialfeatures of GEM.Choose either "TOS" or "TOS-takesparameters" if your programdoesn't use the featuresof GEM. Youcan also determinethe type of data files that will open an application.lf, for example,you are usingATARI LogorM and you havea data file that has a filenameextender (the three lettersthat followthe periodin the filename)of LOG,you can set Logoto run f rom this extender.Type LOG after the DocumentType option and click on the OK button.You can now selectany datafile with a .LOGextender and Logowill run automaticallyTo usethis feature, the applicationfile mustbe in the samewindow as the datafile. Note: Tosave the changesmade using the InstallApplication option,use the SaveDesktop option.

48 http://www.atariworld.org ffi :- - "" .",. ' j" ,*" *-" u-,'" *"* r;. .,t . ,r" _."-' .l -".' ._-.*' ,l .-"- _.

SetPrcfercnces TheSet Preferences option lets you determine how the ST Computerwill interactwith you through the promptsand Dialog Boxes,and what resolution your monitor display will be in.

SETPRTTERETBES

confinrDeletes: lf no-l EonfiraCopies: @ [1ol

set ScreeßResolutionl tloit Friil @ l-Ei-l fsir'fel-l

Thefirst two options-Confirm Deletes and Confirm Copies - determineif the STComputer will waitfor confirmationbefore makinga copyor deletinga file.You can set up thewarning systemto suityour own needs. Thethird selection-Select Screen Resolution-allows you to selectone of the threescreen resolutions: Low, Medium, or High. Withthe ATARI SM124 Monitor you can selectonly high resolution. Withthe ATARI SC1224 Analog Color Monitor you can selecteither mediumor low resolution.

Note:To save the changesmade using the SetPreferences op tion,use the SaveDösktop option. Savelhsktop Tosave all yourmodifications to theGEM Desktop, use the Save Desktopoption. Click on the optionand the modificationsare saved. Note:You must have your System Backup disk in yourdisk drive to savechanges to anypart of theGEM Desktop. PdntScrcen Thisoption prints the screen, including the mousepointer, on a graphicsprinter. Click on the optionto activatethe PrintScreen function.

49 http://www.atariworld.org ffi ' ' " j lt;./ *-"'-.,-.t ,-r .-"t",--- r. , -," .- ,r"* - . GHAPTER6 MAI{AGINGDISKS, FILES, AiID FOTDERS IIISKS Mostof the informationyou loadinto your ST Computer will be storedon 3-1l2 inchmicrofloppy disks. With disks and a diskdrive youcan loadinformation into the computer and store the programs or datathat you create yourself. Write-PrutectingDisks Whenyou write-protect a disk, you prevent information from being "writtento" the disk.To "write to" simplymeans to put informationon the disk.(Similarly, to "read" a diskmeans to retrieve informationrecorded on thedisk.)

Top of Disk

WriteProtect Notch ------

Bottom of Disk

51 http://www.atariworld.org M#$:-;r,fii;ffi' Mostdisks have a smallwrite-protect notch at the lowerleft-hand cornerof thedisk's plastic casing. Turning the disk over, you will seea small,sliding tab. To write-protecta disk, slide the tab so thatyou can seethrough the notch. lf yourdisk does not havea write-protectnotch visible on the lowerleft-hand corner, you maystill be ableto write-protectit. On theback of thedisk, there should be a slidingtab in thelower righfhandcorner. Push the tab to the bottomposition to write- Drotectthe disk. Whilewrite-protected, a disk cannot be formatted,erased, or writtento. Of course,you can movethe write-protect tab backto the unprotectedposition anytime you wish to recordinformation on thedisk. Commercialprogram disks do notusually have write-protect tabs. Thesedisks are permanently write-protected as a safetyprecau- tion.The TOS System disk you receivedwith the STSystem is per- manentlyprotected. You cannot format, erase, or writeto theTOS Systemdisk. Beforeduplicating a diskor copyingfiles from one disk to another, it is recommendedthat you write-protect the disk you are duplicatingor copyingfiles from. Doing so safeguardsyou against mistakenlyinserting your original disk when the driveis'ready to writeinformation on theduplicate. Such confusion is likelywhen youare using a singledisk drive to duplicatedisks or copyfiles.

GaringFor lbur M[cmfloppyllsks I Neverplace disks near any source of magnetism (monitor,television, electric motor, or telephone). I Avoidplacing the disksnear sources of heatand moisture. I Nevertouch or cleanthe surface of thedisk. I Neverleave the disks in directsunlioht.

52 http://www.atariworld.org ffi FILES Whenyou open a diskicon, the window can display three types of file icons:programs you can run;non-program data files to use withan applicationprogram; or folderswhich contain other files.

LI F"

Non-ProgramFiles - ProgramFiles

GopyingFiles With many computers,copying files is a complicatedprocess in- volvingnumerous commands. On the ST Computer,to copy any type of file, you select that file's icon and drag it over to where you want to put the copy. lf you want to put a copy of a file onto anotherdisk, drag the icon over to and on top of the icon for that disk.

53 http://www.atariworld.org ffi Youcan also copy files when the file is shownas text,not as an icon.Use the Viewheading on the MenuBar to changethe file displayto text. TheCopy Box will be displayedwhenever you copy a file.Click on the OK buttonto completethe copyingprocess. Note:lf youdon't want a CopyBox to be displayed,select " No" underthe Confirm Copies choice in the SetPreferences option.

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54 http://www.atariworld.org W' lf you want to put a copy into a specificfolder on a disk,you can drag the file's icon into that folder. i le Uiex 0ptions

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Youcan copya file intoa folderwhen both are shownas text. Selectand drag the file's text line into the folder's text line. Desk File Uiex llptions

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http://www.atariworld.org IleletingFiles To deletea file, selectand drag the file to the Trashicon and followthe prompts.Remember: Once you put somethinginto the Trash,it is goneforever. RenamingFiles To renamean existingfile, select the file,point at the Fileheading on the MenuBar, and selectthe ShowInfo option.

IIEII IITORMTIOT törnl SrilLE,PRd Sirc in bltes: 6lll Lastndified: 08/08/E8t?:85 il Rttributesl filtf,fmlll Fi+-0nluI l-d[-l fcdrcefl

This sampleDialog Box showsthe name and attributesof an openedfile. Yousee a cursor(the verticalline) at the end of the filename.To changethe filename,press the [Backspace]key on the ST Coinputerkeyboard until the old name is deletedand the cursor is at the beginningof the name block.Then type in the new name.

Note: lt is generallybest to leavethe three-characterextension on the filenameunchanged. ll you do changethe extender,you may makethe data in that file inaccessableto the system. FOLIIERS Foldersare neitherprograms nor data; they are a meansol organizingyour icons. lf youhave a windowthat contains numerousicons, it canbecome dillicult to distinguishany one icon fromthe others. Like any filing system, you need to organizeyour informationto makeit accessible.The GEM Desktop allows you to createfolders in whichto storevour liles.

56 http://www.atariworld.org ffi I ,*tt' ,i'

Grcatingtu5en To create a folder,selecl and open a FloppyDisk icon,point at the File headingon the Menu Bar and selectthe New Folderoption. This DialogBox will be displayed:

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Typein a name for the lolder and click on the OK button.lf you changeyour mind about adding a folder,click on the Cancel buttoninstead. To deletea folderlater, drag it into the Trashicon.

Once you have a folderon the GEM Desktop,you can copy files intothat folder by draggingthe file iconsinto the folder.Refer to the CopyingFiles section for moreinformation on copyingfiles intofolders.

Note: Copyinga file into a foldercreates a new copy of the file and placesit in the folder.After you haveplaced a copy of the file intothe folder,you can deletethe old file by draggingits icon into the Trashicon.

57 http://www.atariworld.org OpeningFolden Everydisk and every folder may be openedto its ownwindow. lf youopen a FloppyDisk icon that contains several folders, you won'tbe ableto seethe contentsof thosefolders until you open them.To opena folder,either double-click on thefolder's icon or selectthe icon(by single-clicking), and choose the Open option underthe Fileheading.

58 http://www.atariworld.org W "*'' t' t ,,i" .r-.:t" .nr"' .,,.rut,,rt ,*ttrrf r t"''' lt *" r"t .rot"'d. rt "*t't

Thescreen below shows an openedwindow for Folder1. Lookat the InformationLine. \6u can seethat the folder is emptywith 0 bytesused in 0 items.

lf youwish to opentwo foldersat once(to copy data from one folderto another),double-click on the FloppyDisk icon again to openanother window for thatfloppy disk. Double-click on the next lolderto openit intothe secondwindow. Note:You can only have four windows open at onetime. lf youtry to opena fifthwindow you will seea DialogBox with an Alert Message.lf youneed to viewa fifthwindoq close one of the openedwindows first. IleletingFtlderc To deletea folder,select and drag the lolder to the Trashicon and followthe prompts.

59 http://www.atariworld.org GHAPTER7 APPIIGATIOIISFOR THE ST GOMPUTER Thespecial characteristics of the sr computerare being used to fulladvantage in a numbel_gfnew appticaiion programs,-inituäing ATARILogorM, ATART BAS|CTM, and GEM programs. ATAßILOGO Logois a powerfurprogramming ranguage, best known for its use withstudents who are beginningprogiammers. Logo was developed to workwith turtle graphics, a specialsystem where an imagiÄary turtledraws lines and shapes under the program's control. ünlike otherprogramming languages, you can learnprogramming through graphicswithout any understanding of highei mäth. ATARILogo is an expandedversion of the ranguage.lt takesadvan- t_ag9oJ the mouse,the drogdownmenus, anä tnä windowsof the GEMDesktop, the speed of the6g000 microprocessor, and incor- poratesan arrayof newLogo commands not found in anyother velsign,gf lhg tanguage.ATART Logo is a tanguagespecificaily crealeoto takeadvantage of the specialqualities of the ST Computer.

Formore information on ATARILogo, refer to the manual,A sourcebookFor ATARILogo.contäct Atari customer service for availabilityinformation. ATARIBASIC BAslc was originailydesigned to be an easy-terearn,yet powerful programminglanguage. And today, it is the mostcommonly used computerprogramming ranguage. ATART BASrc is simirarto the mainstreamdiarects of BASlc,yet takesadvantage of the unique featuresof the STComputer.

ATARIBASIO contains a rurlcomprement of stringmanipuration functions,advanced math features, and print foriratrinti commands.The ATAR| BAslc editor uses the windows and'oropoown menusof the GEMDesktop to fuiladvantage, featuring *iÄoows for bothtext and graphics.

Fordetailed information on ATARIBASrc refer to the manuar, A sourcebookFor ATARTBAsrc. contact Atari customei serüi"" foravailability information.

61 http://www.atariworld.org p.k"

GEMPmgrams Manysoftware programs are beingdeveloped for the STComputer andits GEMDesktop. GEM WriterM, a word processing program that usesthe windowing capabilities of GEMon the STComputer is being developed.GEM Write will acceptgraphics developed with GEM Drawil andGEM Graphru, letting the writer mix text and graphics intoa sophisticatedpresentation package. GEMDraw and GEM Paint are full-featured graphics programs. GEM Drawcreates graphics for usein businessor draftingapplications; GEMPaint is developedfor the casualpainter and artist. The draw- ingsand paintings created with these programs can be integrated intoGEM Write or storedas separatefiles. Both programs use the standardfeatures of the GEMDesktop and make full useof color on the STComputer.

62 http://www.atariworld.org ffi "F.*offs's"t'"fff

APPENDIXA TROUBTESHOOTIl{G 0. I haveset up my computer A. tt tneGEM Desktoo doesn't accordingto the instructions appearwhen you turn on your in Chapter2, SettingUp the computerand loadyour TOS Sf System,but when I turn Systemdisk, retrace your on thecomputer, the screen steps.Make sure that all cords staysdark. What do I do now? andcables are plugged in securely,that power is coming intothe system, and that the brightnessadjustment on your monitoris turnedup. lf the displayis stillnot proper, your computeror yourmonitor mayneed service. For the locationof the nearestAtari ServiceCenter, contact your Atariretailer or write:Atari CustomerRelations, P.O. Box 61657,Sunnyvale, CA 94088. Write"Service Center lnfor- mation"on the outsideof the envelope. 0. me GEMDesktop appears A. mis mayhappen if the whenI turnon the computer, diskis unlormatted,damaged, but no iconsare visible. improperlyinserted in the drive,or if thedrive is im- properlyconnected to your computer.A DialogBox with an Alertmessage and possible remediesmay appear. Makecertain you have a functioningTOS System Disk in DriveA andthat the drive is properlyconnected and turneddn.

63 http://www.atariworld.org W 0. WnenI pressthe [Help] or A. gotnthe [Help] and [Undo]keys, nothing [Undo]keys are designed to happens.Why not? workwith certain programs. lf the computerdoesn't re- spond,the programthat you are usingis probablynot set up for usewith the [Help] or lUndolkeys. 0. WnenI movethe mouse, A. trrtakesure the mouseis the mousepointer doesn't pluggedfirmly into Mouse/ moveas well. Joystickport O. See Appendix B, MouseCare. lf the mouseseems lo be workingproperly, turn the computeroff, insert a different disk,then turn it on again.lf usinga differentdisk doesn't help,contact your Atari retaileror AtariCustomer Relations,P.O. Box 61657, Sunnyvale,CA 94088. Write the subjectof yourinquiry on theoutside of the envelooe. 0. WnenI typeon the key- A. Youmay not be in a situa- board,nothing appears on the tionthat permits typing. But screen. youshould be ableto move themouse oointer around the GEMDesktop with the [Alternate]and cursor keys, andactivate the Desktoo functionswith the [Alternate] andInsert] keys.

64 http://www.atariworld.org ffi lltherPruilems lf noneof the solutionsin thisAppendix seems to help,the problemmay be in oneof the followingareas: I Theapplication program may have suffered a momentary failure. I Theinformation on yourdisk may be garbled. I YourST Computer or oneof the peripheralsmay need repair. Thebest way to testfor programfailure is to turnyour computer of{for a few seconds,then on again.ll thishelps, the program mayhave experienced momentary failure. lf thisdoesn't help, but tryinganother disk does, the problemwas with the first disk. lf noneof yourdisks work correctly, your ST Computer or peripheralsmay need repair.

65 http://www.atariworld.org ffi APPEI{DIXB MOUSEGARE YourST Mouse will lastthrough many years of useif youtreat it properly.

Twoguidelines for propermouse care: 1.Don't drop the mouse or allowit to "hangby itstail". 2.Make sure the surface on whichyou use the mouse is as smoothand as cleanas possible. CLEANINGTHE MOUSE You'llneed to givethe mouse a periodiccleaning to ensureproper operation.This is a simpleoperation. Follow the stepsbelow.

1.Turn the mouseupside down in yourhand with the cable pointing towardsyou. 2. Placetwo fingerson the arrowsymbols on eitherside of the rolleropening on the bottomof the mouse.push down and awayfrom you until the panelpops out. 3. Holdone hand over the mouseand turn it overso the balldroos intoyour hand. 4. Usea clean,soft, and dry clothto wipethe ballclean. Never usea cleaningfluid or lint-creatingüssue. 5. Gentlyblow into the mousehousing to get rid of anydust. 6. Replacethe ball in itshousing, then reinsert the retaining panel. Whenthe panelis in place,puSh it downand backwards until it locksfirmly in place. 67 http://www.atariworld.org gd us*d-d*sddddCd drf '"F*r' APPEI{DIXG GTOSSARY AlertMessages Alert messages inform you that the operationyou are performingis improperor impossible.Alert messages are alwaysdisplayed in a DialogBox. BaudRate The speed at whichcharacters are transmitted from onesource to another.You can transmitinformation from your computerthrough a modemover the telephonelines to another computer.The baud rate is a measureof bitsper second. Bit Thesmallest unit of computermemory. Eight bits equal one byteof memory. ByteComputer memory is arrangedinto units called bytes. Each byteconsists of eightmemory units called bits. Each byte is a uniquecharacler within the computer.(See Bit andKilobyte.) CartridgeOne of fourmethods of enteringdata and/or programs intothe STComputer. The other methods are usinga diskdrive, the keyboard,or an externalport (i.e., Modem port). ClickClick means to pointthe mousepointer at a wordor iconon the screen,press the mousebutton, and then release it quickly. CloseBox A smallbox at the upperleft-hand corner of a window usedto closethe window. ColorPalette One function of the ControlPanel that allows you to modifythe colorsavailable on theST Computer. You must have the SC1224RGB Analog Color Monitor for theColor Palette to function. ControlPanel A DialogBox that allows you to controlmany of the GEMDesktop functions. The Desktop colors (on a RGBAnalog monitor),Mouse Click Response, Keyboard Response, Clock/ Calendar,and Audio Feedback Prompts are adjustablethrough the ControlPanel. CursorA markerthat appears on the screento indicatethe posi- tionof the nexttyped character. DaisyChaining A methodof connectingtwo or moredevices to the computerusing an interfacecable to linkeach peripheral deviceto the previousone. DataFile A collectionof informationthat can be usedby a pre gram.Data files are notprograms.

69 http://www.atariworld.org ffi DeskAccessory An applicationprogram that can be usedat most times,while using another program or directlyfrom the GEM Desktop. DialogBox Dialog Boxes are interactivemessage boxes. To exit a DialogBox you mustacknowledge the messageor choosean op tion. DiskCopy A programthat makes an exactcopy of all of thedata on a disk.To makea diskcopy, drag the iconof the sourcedisk on top of the iconfor thedestination disk. DiskDrive A peripheraldevice the STComputer uses to readinfor- mationfrom or writeinformation to a floppydisk. Disk drives are representedby a FloppyDisk icon on the GEMDesktop. Double-ClickA double-click is two,quick clicks on the leftmouse button.A double-clickopens a file,disk, or folder. DragDragging is tne techniquefor movingan iconor window. Pointat a moveableobject on the GEMDesktop with the mouse pointer,press the left mousebutton, and holdthe buttondown whilemoving the mouse.While dragging the icon,a ghostof the iconyou are movingwill appearon the Desktop. FileA file is a collectionof informationthat has been stored or canbe storedon a diskor in the computer'smemory. FileCopy To copysingle files from one disk to the othe.r,drag the iconsthat representthe files you want to copyover to andon top of thenew disk's icon. You can also drag files between the opened windowsof twodisks. FloppyDisk A deviceused to storeinformation. The disk is made of a materialthat is similarto the taoein audiocassettes. FolderA folderis a collectionof files.You can placefiles into foldersand then remove the filesfrom the mainFloppy Disk window. Toaccess a filethat has been placed in a folder,double-click on thefolder's icon. FormatInformation is storedon yourfloppy disk in circularpatterns.When you format a disk,you set the patternsso information canthen be storedin thosepatterns. Formatting is alsoreferred to as "initializing". Full BoxUsed to enlargeand reducethe sizeof a windowf rom normalsize to full-screensize.

70 http://www.atariworld.org ffi .s_s'*e'- *s"s"d*s*e"s.usdd*e,d*d

GEMGraphics Environment Manager. A programused with the TOSOperating System which creates and manages all the icons andgraphics features of the STComputer. GEMDesktop The marn screen for the STComputer. lt includes the MenuBar, two FloppyDisk icons, and the Trash icon. Ghostlcon An outlineof an iconor windowused to showthe currentposition of the iconor windowas it is beingdragged to a newlocation on the GEMDesktop. HardDisk A storagedevice used to storedata on a magnetic surface.A harddisk can storefar moredata than a floppydisk (morethan ten millionbytes of datavs. a typicalmaximum of one millionbytes on a floppydisk). The hard disk drive can also read andwrite information up to ten timesfaster than the floppydisk drive. High-ResolutionOne of threevideo display modes accessible to the STComputer. In high-resolutionmode, the ST Computer displayconsists of 640dots horizontally and 400 dots vertically. In high-resolutionmode, the STComputer will onlydisplay black and whitedots. (See Low-Resolution and Medium-Resolution.) llO Input/Output.The communication process that takes place betweenthe STComputer and its peripheraldevices (i.e., disk drives,printers). Input is informationthat is sent"in" to the computer;output is informationthe computersends "out". lcon A pictureused by the GEMDesktop to representvarious kindsof files,programs, and procedures. lnformationLine A lineat the topof a windowtelling how much of thedisk's storage capacity is filledand with how many items. InterfaceAn electronicconnection that allows communication belweenthe computerand its peripheraldevices. Kilobyte1024 bytes. (See Bit andByte.) LOGOA powerfulprogramming language available on the ST Computer. Low-ResolutionOne of threevideo display,modes accessible to theST Computer. In low-resolutionmode, the STComputer display consistsof 320dots horizontally by 200dots vertically. In this mode,the STComputer can display up to sixteencolors at a time f romthe totalpalette of 512colors.

71 http://www.atariworld.org .yffitg.g *dr" ou*"**1.-"ne-;' -t-gtro'*/ Medium-ResolutionOne of the threevideo display modes accessible to the STComputer. In medium-resolutionmode, the ST Computer displayconsists of 640dots horizontally by 200dots vertically. In thismode, the ST Computer can display up to fourcolors at a time f romthe total palette of 512colors. MemoryThe electronic circuits that the STComputer uses to store dataand programs are its memory.There are two kindsof memory:RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory).RAM loses its dataif the poweris turnedoff; ROM retainsits informationwhether it haspower or not. MenuBar When you first start up the STComputer System, the headingson the MenuBar at the top of the GEMDesktop are: Desk,File, View, and Options. Depending upon the application pro- gramyou are using,you mayhave different headings. MlDlInterface MlDl stands for MusicalInstrument Digital Inter- face.lt is a standardinterface designed to connecta computerto a numberof electronicmusical devices. ModemA devicethat allows you to connectyour computer directly to thetelephone lines and establish a communicationlink with othercomputers and on-line information networks. MouseThe mouse controls the movementof the mouseoointer on the GEMDesktop. As youslide the mouseacross your table or desk,the smaHrubber ball on the bottomrölls back and forth to trackthe movements.The mouse has two buttons.The left button is usedto selectand open files, icons, and programs. The right buttonis usedwith special application programs. MoveBar A bar at the top edgeof a window.Click on the Move Bar to draga windowto a new locationon the GEMDesktop. Parallellnterface This connector is a standardfor high-speed printerconnections. On the backof the STComputer, the parallel interfaceport is labeled"Printer" PeripheralAny kind of peripheraldevice that you connect to your computer(i.e., disk drive, monitor, printer). PixelThe ST Computer video display is madeup of tinydots called pixels.The pixels are arranged in a grid,and set to either320 x 200,640x 200,or 640x 400dots per grid. PointerThe pointer (also called the mousepointer) is usedto point to objectson theGEM Desktop. lt followsyour movement of the mouse(or cursorkeys) forward, backward, left, or right.

72 http://www.atariworld.org Mffiffi RAMRandom Access Memory. The part of the computer'smemory thatis usedto "writeto" and"read informationfrom". When you workwith your computer, the display on the screenis in RAM.The informationstored in RAMis losteach time you turn off the computer. RGBRed, Green, Blue. The color signals that the ST Computer producesto createits specialcolor display. The combination of eightdifferent intensities of red,green, and blue enable you to create512 colors with the ST Computer. ROMRead Only Memory. The part of thecomputer's memory con- tainingthe start-upinformation for the computer.The ROM is pre grammedat thefactory and never changes. RS232CThe RS232C connector is a standardconnection for peripheraldevices. On the backof the STComputer this connector is labeled"Modem". The RS232C port is alsoreferred to as the serialport. Serial printers can be connectedto the STComputer throughthis port. ScrollTo movethe informationin a GEMDesktop window left, right,up, or down. ScrollArrow There may be up to fourScroll Arrows-up/down andleft/right-on each window. Clicking the Scroll Arrow scrolls thewindow in the directionof the arrow. ScrollBar One of two barsthat border a windowon the bottom andright edges. The Scroll Bars contain the ScrollArrows and the ScrollBox used to movethe insidesof thewindow. ScrollBox A rectangularbox inside the Scroll Bar that shows the relativesize and oosition of the datashown in a window.The largerthe ScrollBox the greaterthe percentageof the complete windowis visible. SectorA sectionof a trackon a hardor floppydisk. Sectors are usually128,256,512, or 1024bytes long. On the ST Floppy Disk, lhe sectorsare 512bytes. (See Track.) SizeBox A smallbox at the lowerright-hand corner used to changethe.size of thewindow. SizingThe process of changingthe sizeor shapeof a window.

73 http://www.atariworld.org ffi SystemBackup Disk The system disk contains the programsthat theST Computer needs to operate.You must use this disk to start the STComputer. You make a SystemBackup disk by copyingthe TOSSystem disk that came with your ST Computer System. TOSThe ST Operating System. TOS controls how the computer operatesthe GEMDesktop, the mouse,and any peripheral devicesyou connect to the computer. TrackOne of the circularpaths on a diskthat contains the data thatis writtenon thedisk. Each track is madeup of smaller sectionscalled sectors. TrashThe GEM Desktop icon used to deletefiles or foldersfrom the Desktop.Once a fileor folderis put in theTrash icon, it is per- manentlydeleted. VT52(Terminal) Emulator. A communicationsprogram that you can useto senddata over telephone lines or directlyto another comouter. WindowThe work area that the STComputer uses to displayfiles or folders,or to runprograms. You can havefour windows open at anytime. Write-ProtectTo mechanicallyprevent a diskfrom being written to. Towrite-protect a disk, move the write-protect tab so youcan seethrough the Write-Protect Notch, or so thetab is at the bottom positionin the notch.

http://www.atariworld.org 74 APPEIIDIXD colrlrEcT0RPlll0ur sPEclFlcATlolls

-III Power 1 - +5VDC 2 - NotConnected 3 - Ground 4- +12VDC s - -12 VDC 6- +5VDC 7 - Ground ltfidiOut 1 - THRUTransmit Data 2 - ShieldGround Jg 3 - THRULoop Return .O 4 - OUTTransmit Data 5 - OUTLoop Return MidiIn /A\ 1 - Notconnected I \ 2-NotConnected .1. o f' Ja 3-Notconnected \..t / 4 - tN BeceiveData s \70 5 - lN LooPReturn 2 Monitor ,/l\ 1 - Audioour of . .. .\, ;l!!?tl' 2-Reserve6 t,,/ t 3 - GeneratPurpose output ''\: T t 4 _ MonochromeDelect _\-/ 5 - AudioIn 13 6 - Green 7-Red 8 - Ground 9 - HorizontalSync 10- Blue 11- Monochrome 12- VerticalSync 13- Ground

Note:All pinoutdiagrams are from the externalport view. 75 :. http://www.atariworld.org '.'. " "::.:'j- Pdntet 1l 1 - STROBE ooaoooooooooo 2-Data0 aooooooooaoo 3-Data1 a 18 17 15 14 4-Data2 5-Data3 6-Data4 7-Data5 8-Data6 11- BUSY 9-Data7 12-17- NotConnected 10- NotConnected 18-25- Ground

Modem ll 12 r3 1 - ProtectiveGround ooooaaooaoooo \ 2 - TransmittedData aooaaooooooo 3 - ReceivedData 15 17 18 21 4 - Reouestto Send 5 - Clearto Send 6 - Not Connected 7 - SignalGround 8 - DataCarrier Detect 21 - Not Connected 9-19 - Not Connected 22 - Ring Indicator 20 - DataTerminal Ready 23-25- Not Connected

loppyDisk 1 - ReadData ,fr\, t ^- t't 12-^l 2-Side0Select I - I I 3 - LogicGround 4 - IndexPulse 5-Drive0Select 6-Drivel Select 7 - LogicGround 8 - MotorOn In "sry.' 9 - Direction fZ-Wrif"C"t" 10 - Step 13- Track00 11 - WrileData 14- WriteProtect http://www.atariworld.org 76 W ,'rt-.r ';"0'*';"i--rir"'-*[{y-t-H ,"** ", HadDisk 1-Data0 oooooooooa 2-Data1 oooaaaoao 3-Data2 I r6 14 1l 4-Data3 5-Data4 6-Data5 7-Data6 8-Data7 14 - Acknowledge 9 - ChipSelect 15 - Ground 10- lnterruptRequest 16-41 11- Ground 17 - Ground 12- Reset 18 - Read/Write 13- Ground 19 - Data Request

Gaillidge

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1 - +5VDC 20 - Address'15 2- +5VDC 21 - Address8 3 - Data14 22 - Address14 4 - Data15 23 - Address7 5 - Data12 24 - Address9 6 - Data13 25 - Address6 7 - Data10 26 - Address10 8 - Data11 27 - Address5 9-Data8 28 - Address12 10 - Data9 29-Addressll 11 - Data6 30 - Address4 12 - DaIa 7 31 - ROMSelect 3 13 - Data4 32 - Address3 14 - Data5 33 - ROMSelect 4 15 - Data2 34 - Address2 '16- Data 3 35 - UpperData Strobe 17 - Data0 36 - Address'l '18- Data 1 37 - LowerData Strobe 19 - Address13 38-40- Ground 77 http://www.atariworld.org ffi Mouse/Joystick 1 - Up/XB oooao 2 - Down/)(A aaaa 3 - Left/YA 4 - RightiYB 5 - Not Connected 6 - Fire/LeftButlon 7 - +SVDC 8 - Ground 9 - Joyl Fire/RightButlon

Joystick 1-Up ooaoa 2 - Down oaoa I 3 - Left 4 - Right 5 - Reserved 6 - FireButton 7 - +SVDC B - Ground 9 - NolConnected

http://www.atariworld.org 78 W APPE]IDIXE ATARI52OST SPEGIFIGATIO]IS Processor: MC68000,32-bit internal, 16-bit external ar- chitecture.8 MHzclock frequency Memory: 524,288bytes of RAM,16,384 bytes of ROM FloppyDisk Capacity: 360Kilobytes per formatted disk surlace, 3.5 inchmedia Graphics Resolution (selectable): 640x 400monochrome 320x 200x 16 colors 640x200x4colors Color: Palette-512Colors Interfaces: Midiln andMidi Out Ports MonitorPort (RGB Analog; high-resolution monochromeand audio) Parallellnterface Printer Port (lBMo-style plug, Centronicsosignal specifications) RS232CSerial Modem Port FloppyDisk Port (includes controller) HardDisk Port (10 megabits per second DMA transferrate) ROMCartridge Port (128 Kilobytes capacity) Mouse/Joystickand Joystick Ports Sound Generator: 3 voicesfröm 30 Hz to aboveaudible range Keyboard: 94-keyintelligent keyboard using a 6301 microprocessor Power Supply: +5V + 5o/o@ 3A +12V+ 10o/o@ 30MA - 12Y+ 10o/o@ 30MA

79 http://www.atariworld.org .,rld' .1" -.';u .*jil- ..i- .,ij' .,i' .ri i. -:i .i- ,f ._i:

GUSTOMERSUPPORT AtariCorp. welcomes any questions you mighthave about your ATARIComputer product. Writeto: AtariCustomer Relations PO.Box 61657 Sunnyvale,CA 94088 Pleasewrite the subjectof yourletter on theoutside of the envelope. Wesuggest that you contact your local Atari User Groups. They areoutstanding sources of informationon howto getthe most out of yourATARI Computer. To receive a listof the usergroups in yourarea, send a self-addressedstamped envelope to: AtariUser Group List PO.Box 61657 Sunnyvale,CA 94088

81 http://www.atariworld.org HELPFOR YOUR ST" GOTIIPUTEß Getthe mosttrom your computer with Atari@ Explore/'and save 50% off the coverprice. Ataridoesn't just makegreat computefs-we publishthe very best magazinefor usersol our compulers.Straight lrom the source.With accessto the same wizards who desiqnedthe compulers.

Each issue ot Atari Explorerbrings:

r NEWSon products,services, and trends-wilh the accenton how this will effectyou. r REVIEWSot soltware,hardware, and books-you'll knowwhat the best productsare and exactly what they can do. o TUTORIALSon all aspectso{ computing-for beginnersand lor exoerts. o COLUMNSon user groups,Logo programming, telecomputing, education,and more. . THE INSIDESTORY on what's happeningin the new Alari Corp. o PROGRAMSto type in and use on your computer. o UPDATESto manualsand productannouncemenls-no one is more timelyand more accurale. . APPLICATIONSyou might not have thoughtot to help you make the most from your compuler system.

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