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The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003
THE REGIME CHANGE CONSENSUS: IRAQ IN AMERICAN POLITICS, 1990-2003 Joseph Stieb A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Wayne Lee Michael Morgan Benjamin Waterhouse Daniel Bolger Hal Brands ©2019 Joseph David Stieb ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Joseph David Stieb: The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003 (Under the direction of Wayne Lee) This study examines the containment policy that the United States and its allies imposed on Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War and argues for a new understanding of why the United States invaded Iraq in 2003. At the core of this story is a political puzzle: Why did a largely successful policy that mostly stripped Iraq of its unconventional weapons lose support in American politics to the point that the policy itself became less effective? I argue that, within intellectual and policymaking circles, a claim steadily emerged that the only solution to the Iraqi threat was regime change and democratization. While this “regime change consensus” was not part of the original containment policy, a cohort of intellectuals and policymakers assembled political support for the idea that Saddam’s personality and the totalitarian nature of the Baathist regime made Iraq uniquely immune to “management” strategies like containment. The entrenchment of this consensus before 9/11 helps explain why so many politicians, policymakers, and intellectuals rejected containment after 9/11 and embraced regime change and invasion. -
December 16, 2008
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS ASSOCIATION 1401 K STREET, NW, SUITE 200 y WASHINGTON, DC 20005 T 202.772.5600 y F 202.772.5602 y WWW.DEMOCRATICGOVERNORS.ORG Gov. Jack Markell Mr. Roger Ailes Delaware Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Chair Fox News Channel Gov. Martin O’Malley 1211 Avenue of the Americas Maryland Vice Chair New York, NY 10036 and VIA EMAIL Nathan Daschle Executive Director Dear Mr. Ailes, For the first time in history, your organization is openly and proudly supporting the defeat of Democratic governors with an unprecedented political contribution of $1 million to the Republican Governors Association. In fact, your company provided the single largest corporate contribution to our opposition. In the interest of some fairness and balance, I request that you add a formal disclaimer to your news coverage any time any of your programs cover governors or gubernatorial races between now and Election Day. I suggest that the disclaimer say: “News Corp., parent company of Fox News, provided $1 million to defeat Democratic governors in November.” If you do not add a disclaimer, I request that you and your staff members on the “fair and balanced” side of the network demand that the contribution be returned. As you are well aware, the stakes could not be higher in the 37 gubernatorial races this election cycle. Your corporation and your allies know well that these races have grave and substantial implications for Congressional redistricting. In fact, your allies in the GOP hope to change our election map for decades by electing governors who will redraw 30 seats into Republican territory. -
Corruption and Nuclear Proliferation
Corruption, Global Security, and World Order Robert I. Rotberg Published by Brookings Institution Press Rotberg, I.. Corruption, Global Security, and World Order. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2009. Project MUSE., https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/29191 Access provided by Harvard University (30 Jul 2018 16:54 GMT) 06 0328-0 ch6.qxd 7/15/09 3:48 PM Page 124 matthew bunn 6 Corruption and Nuclear Proliferation Corruption is a critical, under-recognized contributor to nuclear proliferation. With the possible exception of North Korea, corruption was a central enabling factor in all of the nuclear weapons programs of both states and terrorist groups in the past two decades. Indeed, corruption is likely to be essential to most cases of nuclear proliferation. Unless a state or group can get all the materials and technology needed for its nuclear weapons pro- gram from some combination of its own indigenous resources; outside sources motivated only by a desire to help that nuclear program; or outside sources genuinely fooled into providing technology that they believe is for another purpose, illicit contributions from foreign sources motivated by cash will be central to a nuclear program’s success. New steps to combat corruption in the nuclear sector, and in security, law enforcement, and bor- der control agencies that are responsible for preventing nuclear theft, tech- nology leakage, and smuggling are essential to strengthen the global non- proliferation regime. Of course, since corruption and proliferation are both secret activities, no precise measure of the frequency of proliferation-related corruption is avail- able. -
Imports-Exports Enterprise’: Understanding the Nature of the A.Q
Not a ‘Wal-Mart’, but an ‘Imports-Exports Enterprise’: Understanding the Nature of the A.Q. Khan Network Strategic Insights , Volume VI, Issue 5 (August 2007) by Bruno Tertrais Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Introduction Much has been written about the A.Q. Khan network since the Libyan “coming out” of December 2003. However, most analysts have focused on the exports made by Pakistan without attempting to relate them to Pakistani imports. To understand the very nature of the network, it is necessary to go back to its “roots,” that is, the beginnings of the Pakistani nuclear program in the early 1970s, and then to the transformation of the network during the early 1980s. Only then does it appear clearly that the comparison to a “Wal-Mart” (the famous expression used by IAEA Director General Mohammed El-Baradei) is not an appropriate description. The Khan network was in fact a privatized subsidiary of a larger, State-based network originally dedicated to the Pakistani nuclear program. It would be much better characterized as an “imports-exports enterprise.” I. Creating the Network: Pakistani Nuclear Imports Pakistan originally developed its nuclear complex out in the open, through major State-approved contracts. Reprocessing technology was sought even before the launching of the military program: in 1971, an experimental facility was sold by British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL) in 1971. -
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Computational Creativity 2007 Foreword The International Joint Workshop on Computational Creativity began life as two independent workshop series: the Creative Systems Workshops and the AISB Symposia on AI and Creativity in the Arts and Sciences. The two series merged in 2004, when the 1st IJWCC was held in Madrid, as a satellite workshop of the European Conference on Case Based Reasoning. Since then, two further satellite worshops have been held, at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Edinburgh, in 2005, and at the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Riva del Garda, in 2006. This workshop constitutes the workshop’s first attempts at independent existence, and the quality of the papers submitted suggests that the time is now ripe. This workshop received 27 submissions, all of which were subjected to rigorous peer review (at least 3 reviewers to each paper), and 17 full papers and 3 posters were accepted (one poster was subsequently withdrawn). We believe this volume represents a coming of age of the field of computational creativity. It contains evidence of not only improvements in the state of the art in creative systems, but also of deep thinking about methodology and philosophy. An exciting new development is the inclusion, for the first time, of a session on applied creative systems, demonstrating that the field is now ready and able to impinge on broader artificial intelligence and cognitive science research. As co-chairs, we would like to thank the programme committee and reviewers, our able local assistants, Ollie Bown and Marcus Pearce, and all those who submitted papers to make this a really exciting event. -
2003 Iraq War: Intelligence Or Political Failure?
2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Dione Brunson, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April, 2011 DISCLAIMER THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS ACADEMIC RESEARCH PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT REFLECT THE OFFICIAL POLICIES OR POSITIONS OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. ALL INFORMATION AND SOURCES FOR THIS PAPER WERE DRAWN FROM OPEN SOURCE MATERIALS. ii 2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? Dione Brunson, B.A. MALS Mentor: Ralph Nurnberger, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The bold U.S. decision to invade Iraq in 2003 was anchored in intelligence justifications that would later challenge U.S. credibility. Policymakers exhibited unusual bureaucratic and public dependencies on intelligence analysis, so much so that efforts were made to create supporting information. To better understand the amplification of intelligence, the use of data to justify invading Iraq will be explored alongside events leading up to the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. This paper will examine the use of intelligence to invade Iraq as well as broader implications for politicization. It will not examine the justness or ethics of going to war with Iraq but, conclude with the implications of abusing intelligence. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you God for continued wisdom. Thank you Dr. Nurnberger for your patience. iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Mom and Dad for their continued support. -
Fox News Personalities Past and Present
Fox News Personalities Past And Present Candy-striped Clancy charts very riotously while Maxwell remains jingling and advisory. Monopteral Quint regurgitate or corral some rulership dishonestly, however unmaimed Bernardo misfields mistakenly or physics. Tabu Robert tappings his snooker quantifies starchily. Fox News veterans face a hurdle all the job market Having. While i did revamp mandatory metallica was valedictorian of his live coverage of these are no guarantees of optimist youth home and present top actors, az where steve hartman. Fox News Anchor Kelly Wright On that He's Suing The. Personalities FOX 4 News Dallas-Fort Worth. Also named individual Fox personalities Maria Bartiromo Lou Dobbs. As a past. All Personalities FOX 5 DC. Lawsuit Accuses Former Fox News Anchor Ed Henry of Rape. Fox News anchor Kelly Wright speaks to the media as he joins other shoe and former Fox employees at any press conference organized by his. How exactly does Sean Hannity make? The First Amendment Cases and Theory. Tv personalities to that had never accused of internships during weekend cameraman at some female anchors, there are our. Are raising two. My life in new york native raised in the plain dealer reporter in cadillac, impact your new york city that journalism from comics kingdom as i sent shockwaves through! Growing up past ocean city and present in english literature. Fox News TV Series 197 cast incredible crew credits including actors actresses. Personalities FOX 26 Houston. The past and present top dollar for comment on this must have made independent of. Trish Regan bio age height education salary net worth husband. -
Citation Performance of Indonesian Scholarly Journals Indexed in Scopus from Scopus and Google Scholar
pISSN 2288-8063 Sci Ed 2018;5(1):53-58 eISSN 2288-7474 https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.119 Case Study Citation performance of Indonesian scholarly journals indexed in Scopus from Scopus and Google Scholar Lukman Lukman1, Yan Rianto1, Shidiq Al Hakim1, Irene M Nadhiroh2, Deden Sumirat Hidayat3 1Research Center for Informatics, Indonesian Institute of Science, Cibinong; 2Research Center for Science and Technology Development Studies, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jakarta; 3Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Cibinong, Indonesia Abstract Citation frequency is an important factor for estimating the quality of a scientific journal, and the number of citations that an academic paper receives is often used as a measure of its scientific impact. This study aimed to characterize the citation performance of scientif- ic journals published by Indonesian publishers that have been indexed in Scopus by ana- lyzing the number of citations available in the Scopus database and Google Scholar. The results of the study identified 30 Indonesian journals that have been Scopus-indexed, of which 22 were listed in SCImago Journal Rank up to October 2017. Journals in the engi- neering field were the most cited, with 2,427 citations, including 930 self-citations. A large proportion of the citations were of recently-founded journals. The mean proportional dif- ference in the citation frequency between Scopus and Google Scholar was 14.71%. Keywords Citation analysis; Google Scholar; Scholarly journal performance; Scopus Received: November 14, 2017 Accepted: January 9, 2018 Correspondence to Lukman Lukman [email protected] Introduction ORCID Scopus is a multidisciplinary database, with 67 million records (as of August 2017) and more Lukman Lukman http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-6964 than 22,794 peer-reviewed journal titles in the life sciences, social sciences, health sciences, and Yan Rianto physical sciences. -
The Path to 9/11 | Vanity Fair
The Path to 9/11 | Vanity Fair https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2004/11/path-to-9-11-200411 Sign In Subscribe The Price of Failure THE PATH TO 9/11: LOST WARNINGS AND FATAL ERRORS By the time the hijackers made their way into the U.S., memos, photographs, and intercepts had sounded alarms inside the C.I.A., White House, F.B.I., and European intelligence services. Could better cooperation have stopped the attacks? Ned Zeman, David Wise, David Rose, and Bryan Burrough show how the hideous “Planes Operation” took shape as the C.I.A.’s bin Laden point man, Mike Scheuer, counterterrorism czar Richard Clarke, the F.B.I.’s John MacGaffin, and others fought—yet couldn’t work together—to prevent it. BY NED ZEMAN, DAVID WISE, DAVID ROSE, AND BRYAN BURROUGH ! " # DECEMBER 19, 2008 12:00 AM ith his salt-and-pepper hair, white shirt, and sensible shoes, Mike Scheuer, 44, looked like a rumpled academician, or maybe a consultant for one of the many defense contractors [#image: /photos/54cbf62044a199085e88c698]sprinkled around the W Washington Beltway. In reality, his job was considerably more interesting. Starting in 1996, he was the man the C.I.A. had assigned to hunt down, capture, or kill Osama bin Laden. Of all the agency’s far-flung stations—from Moscow to Prague to Beijing—Scheuer’s was unique. Known among the spooks as a “virtual station,” it was not overseas but near the C.I.A. headquarters, in Langley, Virginia, eight miles west of Washington. 3 ARTICLES LEFT Subscribe Sign In 1 of 53 11/11/18, 17:18 The Path to 9/11 | Vanity Fair https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2004/11/path-to-9-11-200411 The station was the first to target an individual rather than a country. -
ON the EFFECTIVE USE of PROXY WARFARE by Andrew Lewis Peek Baltimore, Maryland May 2021 © 2021 Andrew Peek All Rights Reserved
ON THE EFFECTIVE USE OF PROXY WARFARE by Andrew Lewis Peek A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May 2021 2021 Andrew Peek All rights reserved Abstract This dissertation asks a simple question: how are states most effectively conducting proxy warfare in the modern international system? It answers this question by conducting a comparative study of the sponsorship of proxy forces. It uses process tracing to examine five cases of proxy warfare and predicts that the differentiation in support for each proxy impacts their utility. In particular, it proposes that increasing the principal-agent distance between sponsors and proxies might correlate with strategic effectiveness. That is, the less directly a proxy is supported and controlled by a sponsor, the more effective the proxy becomes. Strategic effectiveness here is conceptualized as consisting of two key parts: a proxy’s operational capability and a sponsor’s plausible deniability. These should be in inverse relation to each other: the greater and more overt a sponsor’s support is to a proxy, the more capable – better armed, better trained – its proxies should be on the battlefield. However, this close support to such proxies should also make the sponsor’s influence less deniable, and thus incur strategic costs against both it and the proxy. These costs primarily consist of external balancing by rival states, the same way such states would balance against conventional aggression. Conversely, the more deniable such support is – the more indirect and less overt – the less balancing occurs. -
AMENDED COMPLAINT ) CAMILLE DOYLE, in Her Own Right As the ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED Mother of JOSEPH M
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THOMAS E. BURNETT, SR., in his own right as ) the Father of THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR., ) CIVIL ACTION Deceased ) ) Case Number 1:02CV01616 BEVERLY BURNETT, in her own right as the ) Mother of THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR., ) Deceased ) ) DEENA BURNETT, in her own right and as ) Representative of the ESTATE OF THOMAS E. ) BURNETT, JR., Deceased ) ) MARY MARGARET BURNETT, in her own ) right as the Sister of THOMAS E. BURNETT, ) JR., Deceased ) ) MARTHA BURNETT O’BRIEN, in her own right ) as the Sister of THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR., ) Deceased ) ) WILLIAM DOYLE, SR., in his own right as the ) Father of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) AMENDED COMPLAINT ) CAMILLE DOYLE, in her own right as the ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED Mother of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) ) WILLIAM DOYLE, JR., in his own right as the ) Brother of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) ) DOREEN LUTTER, in her own right as the Sister ) of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) ) DR. STEPHEN ALDERMAN, in his own right ) and as Co-Representative of the ESTATE OF ) PETER CRAIG ALDERMAN, Deceased ) ) ELIZABETH ALDERMAN, in her own right and ) as Co-Representative of the ESTATE OF PETER ) CRAIG ALDERMAN, Deceased ) ) JANE ALDERMAN, in her own right as the Sister ) of PETER CRAIG ALDERMAN, Deceased ) ) YVONNE V. ABDOOL, in her own right as an ) Injured Party ) ALFRED ACQUAVIVA, in his own right as the ) Father of PAUL ANDREW ACQUAVIVA, ) Deceased ) ) JOSEPHINE ACQUAVIVA, in her own right as ) the Mother of PAUL ANDREW ACQUAVIVA, ) Deceased ) ) KARA HADFIELD, -
Economic and Social Council
UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. Council GENERAL E/CN.4/2004/62/Add.1 26 March 2004 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH ONLY COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sixtieth session Agenda item 11 (c) CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING QUESTIONS OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION The right to freedom of opinion and expression Addendum ∗ Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received ∗ ∗ The present document is being circulated in the language of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions GE.04-12400 E/CN.4/2004/62/Add.1 Page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction 1 – 2 5 SUMMARY OF CASES TRANSMITTED AND REPLIES RECEIVED 3 – 387 5 Afghanistan 3 – 5 5 Albania 6 – 7 6 Algeria 8 – 25 6 Argentina 26 – 34 11 Armenia 35 – 38 13 Azerbaijan 39 – 66 15 Bangladesh 67 – 87 30 Belarus 88 – 94 36 Benin 95 – 96 39 Bolivia 97 – 102 39 Botswana 103 – 106 42 Brazil 107 -108 43 Burkina Faso 109 -111 43 Cambodia 112 – 115 44 Cameroon 116 – 127 45 Central African Republic 128 – 132 49 Chad 133 – 135 50 Chile 136 – 138 51 China 139 – 197 52 Colombia 198 – 212 71 Comoros 213 – 214 75 Côte d’Ivoire 215 – 219 75 Cuba 220 – 237 77 Democratic Republic of the Congo 238 – 257 82 Djibouti 258 – 260 90 Dominican Republic 261 – 262 91 Ecuador 263 – 266 91 Egypt 267 – 296 92 El Salvador 297 – 298 100 Eritrea 299 – 315 100 Ethiopia 316 – 321 104 Gabon 322 – 325 106 Gambia 326 – 328 108 Georgia 329 – 332 109 Greece 333 – 334 111 Guatemala 335 – 347 111 Guinea-Bissau 348 – 351 116 E/CN.4/2004/62/Add.1