(Appendix D) INO: Sarulla Geothermal Power Generation Project

Environmental Management Plan (Appendix D)

Project Number: 42916-014 March 2019

INO: Sarulla Geothermal Power Generation Project

Prepared by Sarulla Operations Limited

The environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Sarulla Geothermal Power Project

Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report July 2014

Sarulla Operations Ltd CONFIDENTIAL

Sarulla Geothermal Power Project

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Sarulla Operations Ltd CONFIDENTIAL

The Energy Building 51st Floor, SCBD Lot 11A, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav 52-53 Jakarta 12190, Indonesia

Mott MacDonald, Orchard Building, 1 Grange Road, #07-01, Singapore, 239693

T+65 6293 1900 F +65 6293 1911 W www.mottmac.com

Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report CONFIDENTIAL Issue and revision record

Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description Standard A 27 Jun 2014 N Shibuya K Haymon E Low Interim report F Ricciardi

This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project document being relied upon by any other party, or being used only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission any other purpose. which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties.

This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it.

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report CONFIDENTIAL Contents

Chapter Title Page

Executive Summary i

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Rationale ______1 1.2 Project Background ______1 1.3 Objectives ______2 1.4 Compliance ______3 1.5 Scope ______3 1.6 Structure of this report ______4

2 Delivery 5 1.7 Date and Location ______5 1.8 Audience ______5 1.9 Delivery Team ______6 1.10 Modes of Delivery ______6 1.10.1 Overview ______6 1.10.2 Communication with Target Communities ______6 1.11 Modules ______7 1.11.1 Overview ______7 1.11.2 Module 0 – Level of Awareness ______7 1.11.3 Module 1 – National Legislation and International Lenders’ Requirements ______8 1.11.4 Module 2 – Importance of Biodiversity ______9 1.11.5 Module 3 – Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) ______9 1.11.6 Module 4 – Enforcement ______11 1.11.7 Module 5 – Monitoring and Reporting______11 1.11.8 Question and Answer (Q&A) ______11

3 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Way Forward 12 1.12 Overview ______12 1.13 KPIs ______12 1.14 Way forward ______13

Appendices 17 Appendix A. Participants Register ______18 Appendix B. Socialisation Materials ______19 B.1 Presentation materials ______19 B.2 Poster and brochure ______20 Appendix C. Quiz ______21 C.1 SOL/Contractors ______21 C.2 Local Communities ______22 Appendix D. Minutes of Discussion______23 D.1 11 June 2014 – Pahae Jae ______23

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D.2 11 June 2014 – Local Government Agencies ______23 D.3 12 June 2014 – Pahae Julu ______23 Appendix E. Photos ______24 E.1 10 June 2014 - SOL and Contractors Site Staff ______24 E.2 11 June 2014 – Pahae Jae ______25 E.3 11 June 2014 – Local Government Agencies ______27 E.4 12 June 2014 – Pahae Julu ______28

Further to the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) findings in 2013, SOL commissioned Mott MacDonald to develop a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) and Biodiversity Offset and Ecological Management Plan (BOEMP). The BAP/BOEMP is one of a number of plans which comprise Sarulla Operations Limited (SOL)’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The BAP and BOEMP are of particular significance as the Project is located in a critical habitat as defined by International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards 6 (PS6) with presence of species of conservation value such as Sumatran tiger. Specifically the BAP and BOMP are required to ensure that the Project: ° Implements the mitigation, compensation and biodiversity offsetting measures within the ESIA ° Complies with national legislative requirements ° Complies with international environmental requirements and best practice, including the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguards Policy Statement 2009, IFC PS6, and the Equator Principles

The BAP proposed ten actions as presented in Table S.1 to be undertaken by SOL with the aim of achieving ‘no net loss’ to biodiversity or a net gain of the affected biodiversity in accordance with the IFC PS6.

Table S.1: Summary of BAP Objectives No Action 1 Inform construction staff on the habitats of conservation value and notable plant species 2 Conduct further biodiversity surveys and prepare a detailed map of the habitats of conservation value 3 Socialisation programme with local villages to promote awareness of importance of habitats and plant species of conservation value 4 Undertake habitat restoration within laydown, disposal, borrow and former production well areas 5 Clear demarcation of areas to be cleared during construction 6 Reduce hunting and logging in areas opened up through the creation of new or improved access roads 7 Reduce and prevent mortality of wildlife from collision from vehicles 8 Light control within Project Area to minimise disturbance to forest species 9 Methodical clearance of forested areas to allow natural dispersal of wildlife into adjacent habitat and not to create isolated areas with no means of escape. 10 Undertake habitat restoration in degraded forest areas outside the Project Area within the WBTFB.

Source: Mott MacDonald (2014) BAP and BOMP (Rev D)

Due to the close proximity of communities to both the Project and forest of high conservation value, a socialization programme was determined to be essential in promoting awareness of the importance of habitats of conservation value for compliance with Lenders’ safeguards to demonstrate SOL’s commitment toward ‘no net loss’ to biodiversity and ‘net gain’ in critical habitat. A further objective of the Socialisation Programme was to support SOL’s proper implementation of the BAP. Therefore, the Socialisation Programme was designed and delivered to raise awareness of the following: ° National legislative and international lenders’ requirements on biodiversity that the Project must comply with ° Importance of biodiversity and habitats and species of conservation value and sensitivities of the Project area ° Measures to be implemented and monitored on site as per the BAP and BOEMP during the construction phase ° Procedures to be followed in the event of non-compliance with the BAP and BOEMP

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° Roles and responsibilities of each entity and personnel

The Socialisation Programme was delivered to the following groups as of 12 June 2014: ° Group 1 – SOL and Contractors senior and middle managers in Jakarta ° Group 2 – SOL, Contractors, and Subcontractors senior site staff ° Group 3 – Focus group meetings with local communities and government agencies including the Heads of Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu Sub-districts as well as Department of Mines and Energy and Department of Environment

This Interim Report presents the delivery of Socialisation Programme conducted as of 12 June 2014, which was delivered to total 365 internal and external stakeholders as shown in Table S.2.

Table S.2: Delivery Date and Location Group Audience Date Duration Location # of participants 1 SOL and Contractors 5 June 2014 20min SOL Jakarta office 36 senior and middle managers 2 SOL and Contractors site 10 June 2014 1hour SOL site office 75 staff and contractors 3 Local communities and 11 June 2014 1.5hour A church in Pahae Jae 118 Heads of Sub-district Sub-district 12 June 2014 1.5hour A church in Pahae Julu 126 Sub-district Local government 11 June 2014 1hour SOL site office 10 agencies TOTAL: 365

Furthermore, as part of SOL’s commitment toward ‘no net loss’ to biodiversity and ‘net gain’ in critical habitat, SOL will be implementing a range of informal and formal economic activities that will assist the transition of subsistence communities to alternative methods of income generation. This may be conducted through mechanisms such as microcredit systems, ‘local business initiatives’ and vocational education programs. In many cases, training in agroforestry, rotational cropping or other non-forest based agricultural practices will not only help to increase yields but have shifted cultivation from forest areas to cleared or already degraded land. However, it is of note that many of the community members may conduct hunting for hobby and production of a local alcohol. Therefore, engagement of communities will be implemented together with awareness raising programme as described above.

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1.1 Rationale

The Socialisation Programme is an integral component of the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) and Biodiversity Offset and Ecological Management Plan (BOEMP). The BAP/BOEMP is one of a number of plans which comprise Sarulla Operations Limited (SOL)’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP is a compendium of documents that have been compiled with the express purpose of demonstrating SOL’s application of (and conformance with) the provisions of international lenders’ standards as listed in Section 1.4. Each plan presents a comprehensive assessment of the management, mitigation and monitoring requirements necessary to manage the relevant environmental and socioeconomic impacts as identified in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) documents. Together, these plans will be an integral component of SOL’s Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) which sets out to provide the Company with a robust structure to ensure its risks and impacts are effectively managed.

The BAP and BOEMP are of particular significance as the Project is located in a critical habitat as defined by International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standard 6 (PS6) with presence of species of conservation value such as Sumatran tiger. Specifically the BAP and BOMP are required to ensure that the Project: ° Implements the mitigation, compensation and biodiversity offsetting measures within the ESIA ° Complies with national legislative requirements ° Complies with international environmental requirements and best practice, including the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguards Policy Statement 2009, IFC PS6, and the Equator Principles

1.2 Project Background

SOL is the operation company established by the consortium of Itochu Corporation, Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc., Ormat International, Inc. and PT. Medco Energi International Tbk. SOL plans to develop the geothermal field and power plant with combined capacity of 330 MW in Sarulla, in Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu Districts, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatera Province.

The Project comprises the development of two geothermal fields within the Sarulla valley and includes the following activities: ° The development of Sarulla geothermal field i.e. Silangkitang (SIL) field and Namora I Langit (NIL) field ° The construction and operation of a combined capacity of 330 MW geothermal power plant, one unit at SIL and two units at NIL each with a nominal capacity of 110 MW ° The construction of a combined length of approximately 14kms of 150 kV (high voltage) overhead transmission line from Silangkitang field (SIL 1) to Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Substation and from Namora I Langit field (NIL 1) to PLN substation

Based on initial surveys as part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, SOL has developed a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) and Biodiversity Offset and Ecological Management Plan (BOEMP). The BAP proposed ten actions as presented in Table 1.1 to be undertaken by SOL with the aim of achieving ‘no net loss’ to biodiversity or ‘net gain” in critical habitats in accordance with the IFC PS6.

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Table 1.1: Summary of Action Plan Objectives No Action 1 Inform construction staff on the habitats of conservation value and notable plant species 2 Conduct further biodiversity surveys and prepare a detailed map of the habitats of conservation value 3 Socialisation programme with local villages to promote awareness of importance of habitats and plant species of conservation value 4 Undertake habitat restoration within laydown, disposal, borrow and former production well areas 5 Clear demarcation of areas to be cleared during construction 6 Reduce hunting and logging in areas opened up through the creation of new or improved access roads 7 Reduce and prevent mortality of wildlife from collision from vehicles 8 Light control within Project Area to minimise disturbance to forest species 9 Methodical clearance of forested areas to allow natural dispersal of wildlife into adjacent habitat and not to create isolated areas with no means of escape. 10 Undertake habitat restoration in degraded forest areas outside the Project Area within the WBTFB. 11 Graduate embankments on site access roads to ensure connectivity for terrestrial mammals. 12 Create primate crossing points on site access roads to ensure connectivity for arboreal mammals.

Source: Mott MacDonald (2014) BAP and BOMP (Rev E)

1.3 Objectives

The potential outcomes of achieving the above objectives include: ° All construction footprints are maintained to a minimum and as planned ° Proper implementation of biodiversity construction management measures, which aim to avoid: − Destruction of flora/fauna, habitat loss and edge effects − Fauna injuries and fatality through site clearing and grading activities − Introduction of invasive flora and fauna species − Light and noise causing behavioural disturbances to animals − Erosion impacts − Hazardous material spills − Waste impacts − Brine discharge impacts − Reduction in numbers of vulnerable animals − Reduction in numbers of flora species near camp sites − Disturbance impact from noise and presence of people due to Staff site and welfare facilities − Break in habitat continuity for tigers and other terrestrial mammals through embankments on site access roads

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° Implementation of methodical clearance of forested areas to allow natural dispersal of wildlife into adjacent habitat and to prevent clearance of habitats of conversation value resulting in isolation of wildlife from escape ° Restriction of entrance into “exclusion zones” and informal routes/tracks or off road driving are refrained ° Clear responsibilities and procedures for reporting and managing injured wildlife or road kill ° Discouragement of killing animals (including procedural implications for employees engaged in such activities) and a protocol to be followed in the event of animals being encountered on site

1.4 Compliance

This Socialisation Programme was designed and delivered to support the implementation of the BAP and BOEMP, which have been developed in accordance with the following international and national requirements:

National Legislation ° Law No 5 of 1990 regarding the Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems ° Government Regulation 7 of 1997 regarding the Wildlife Protection Act

International Treaties ° United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora – accession 1978; ° United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – ratified 1995 ° International Tropical Timber Agreement – ratified 1995 ° Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Animal Wildlife (CMS) ° Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) – accession 1978 ° Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - accession 1978

Lenders’ Requirements ° Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Requirements1: Environment (Section D8 ‘Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management’) ° IFC PS 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources ° Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) Environmental and Social Confirmation Guideline ° Equator Principles

1.5 Scope

This Socialisation Programme was designed and delivered to raise awareness of the following: ° National legislative and international lenders’ requirements on biodiversity that the Project must comply with ° Importance of biodiversity and habitats and species of conservation value and sensitivities of the Project area

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° Measures to be implemented and monitored on site as per the BAP and BOEMP during the construction phase ° Procedures to be followed in the event of non-compliance with the BAP and BOEMP ° Roles and responsibilities of each entity and personnel

1.6 Structure of this report

This report is structured as follow: ° Section 2 – reports on the Socialisation Programme delivered as of 12 June 2014 ° Section 3 – presents the key performance indicators (KPIs) developed and recorded against the BAP as well as the objectives of next reporting ° Appendix A – presents the Participants Register ° Appendix B – presents the presentation and other materials used for the socialisation ° Appendix C – presents the biodiversity quizzes used to identify the current knowledge level and to develop a KPI ° Appendix D – records the minutes of discussion held at the end of each socialisation event ° Appendix E – records the photos taken during each socialisation event to-date

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1.7 Date and Location

The Socialisation Programme was delivered to the following groups as of 12 June 2014 as summarised in Table 2.1: ° Group 1 – SOL and Contractors senior and middle managers in Jakarta ° Group 2 – SOL, Contractors, and Subcontractors senior site staff ° Group 3 – Focus group meetings with local communities and government agencies including the Heads of Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu Sub-districts

Table 2.1: Delivery Date and Location Group Audience Date Duration Location 1 SOL and Contractors senior and 5 June 2014 20min SOL Jakarta office middle managers 2 SOL and Contractors site staff 10 June 2014 1hour SOL site office and contractors 3 Local communities and Heads of 11 June 2014 1.5hour A church in Pahae Jae Sub- Sub-district district 12 June 2014 1.5hour A church in Pahae Julu Sub- district Local government agencies 11 June 2014 1hour SOL site office

1.8 Audience

The Socialisation Programme was delivered to total 365 internal and external stakeholders as presented in Table 2.2 as of 12 June 2014.

Table 2.2: Number of Participants (as of 12 June 2014) Group # of participants SOL senior managers 28 Contractors senior managers 8 SOL and Contractors site staff 75 Local communities in Pahae Jae 118 Local communities in Pahae Julu 126 Local government agencies 10 TOTAL: 365

The participant registers are provided in Appendix A. The local stakeholders included the following groups in addition to the villagers within the Project’s Area of Interest (AOI) and high biodiversity forest (East and West Batang Toru forest blocks): ° Head of Pahae Jae Sub-district (Kecamatan) ° Head of Pahae Julu Sub-district (Kecamatan) ° Heads of village (Kepala Desa) ° Village representatives (Badan Permusyawaratan Desa)

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° Department of Mines and Energy (Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi) ° Department of Environment (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup) ° Development of Family Welfare (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) ° Indonesian national army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) ° Religious leaders

1.9 Delivery Team

The Socialisation Programme was delivered by: ° Mott MacDonald staff ° SOL Environmental Engineers and External Relation Officers ° Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari (YEL) and PanEco staff.

YEL and PanEco are the local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working on conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources in Western Batang Toru Forest. They have been engaged by the Project to conduct ecological surveys since November 2013.

1.10 Modes of Delivery

1.10.1 Overview

The Socialisation Programme was delivered through: ° Batang Toru Ecosystem documentary produced by PanEco ° PowerPoint presentation (as provided in Appendix B.1) ° Question and Answer (Q&A) session

In addition, SOL and YEL distributed printed materials as provided in Appendix B.2 to the participants during the Socialisation Programme. These materials consist of: ° Protected Wildlife Poster in Bahasa ° Leaflets on Protected Wildlife, Laws, and Implications of violations in Bahasa

1.10.2 Communication with Target Communities

The Socialisation Programme was delivered to local communities in a culturally appropriate manner and language (both Bahasa Indonesia and Batak). Distribution of materials to the target communities followed the procedures established as part of SOL’s Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). SOL distributed invitations to meetings and materials through: ° Head of village and local communities leaders/informal leaders ° Village board information ° Village administration staff ° Representatives from community group

Verbal communication with the target communities followed the procedures established as part of SOL’s SEP.

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1.11 Modules

1.11.1 Overview

An overview of modules including targeted participants is summarised in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Overview of Modules # Module BAP Ref SOL and Contractors SOL and Local Local Senior and Middle Contractors Site Communities government Management Staff agencies 0. Level of - V V V V Awareness 1 National - V V V V Legislation and International Lenders’ Requirements 2 Importance of Action 1 V V V V Biodiversity Action 3 3 Biodiversity Action 4 V V V V Action Plan Action 5 and Offset Management Action 6 Plan Action 7 Action 8 Action 9 Action 10 4 Enforcement - V V V 5 Monitoring and Action 2 V V V Reporting 6 Q&A - V V V V

1.11.2 Module 0 – Level of Awareness

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Overview of Module 0 MODULE 0 LEVEL OF AWARENESS Objectives • To provide a written record of participants’ level of knowledge and awareness on biodiversity after completing this Socialisation Programme • To serve as a KPI by comparing to results of the first quiz Mode of Delivery Paper Target audience SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, Local Communities, and Local government agencies

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Prior to the commencement of the socialisation, all participants were requested to take a 5-minute quiz on their present awareness and knowledge on biodiversity within the Project AOI and the potential risks and impacts of the Project’s current and planned activities. A final quiz was also undertaken at the end of the Socialisation Programme to: ° Provide a written record of participants’ level of knowledge and awareness on biodiversity after completing this Socialisation Programme ° Serve as a KPI by comparing the score of the first and final quizzes.

The quiz was prepared in both English and Bahasa as presented in Error! Reference source not found.. The quiz consisted of multiple choice and short answer questions. A different quiz was prepared for local communities and local government agencies as the questions related to the Project’s construction mitigation measures are less important to these stakeholders.. The quiz results are summarised in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Results of Quiz Group Average score of 1st Quiz Average score of 2nd Quiz SOL and Contractors Senior Managers 83% 89% SOL and Contractors site staff 60% 80% Local communities in Pahae Jae [to be reported in the next [to be reported in the next submission] submission] Local communities in Pahae Julu [to be reported in the next [to be reported in the next submission] submission] Local government agencies [to be reported in the next [to be reported in the next submission] submission]

1.11.3 Module 1 – National Legislation and International Lenders’ Requirements

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Overview of Module 1 MODULE 1 NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL LENDERS’ REQUIREMENTS Objectives To raise awareness on: • Requirements stipulated under the national legislative and international requirements listed in Section 1.4 and their implications to their activities • The recent changes to the Regency Spatial Plan, which has changed the status of the forest Mode of Delivery PowerPoint presentation Target audience SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, Local Communities, and Local government agencies

A brief introduction to the key national legislation, international conventions that the Government of Indonesia is signatory to, as well as lenders’ requirements was presented to the audience. The level of details and terminologies used were adjusted to meet the audience’s level of knowledge.

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1.11.4 Module 2 – Importance of Biodiversity

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Overview of Module 2 MODULE 2 IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY Objectives To raise awareness on the forest habitats of conservation value and wildlife and notable plant species within the Project AOI Mode of Delivery PowerPoint presentation and video Target audience SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, Local Communities, and Local government agencies

In particular, the following were presented to the audience: ° Fauna and flora of conservation value including the species protected in accordance with the national legislation and species listed in the threatened categories in IUCN Red List ° Batang Toru Forest as an internationally recognized area ° Batang Toru Forest’s functions as water catchment area and implications to local livelihoods

1.11.5 Module 3 – Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)

An introduction to the activities that are permitted or not permitted in the habitats of conservation value as defined in the BAP was provided to SOL and Contractors. In particular, an introduction to the following actions was provided: ° Action 1 - Inform construction staff on the habitats of conservation value and notable plant species ° Action 3 - Socialisation programme with local villages to promote awareness of importance of habitats, wildlife and plant species of conservation value ° Action 4 - Undertake habitat restoration within laydown, disposal, borrow and former production well areas ° Action 5 - Clear demarcation of areas to be cleared during construction ° Action 6 – Promote reduction in hunting and logging in areas opened up through the creation of new or improved access roads ° Action 7 - Reduce and prevent mortality of wildlife from collision from vehicles ° Action 8 - Light control within Project Area to minimise disturbance to forest species ° Action 9 - Methodical clearance of forested areas to allow natural dispersal of wildlife into adjacent habitat and not to create isolated areas with no means of escape.

1.11.5.1 Local Communities

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8: Overview of Module 3 for Local Communities MODULE 3 BAP FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES Objectives To raise awareness on • Activities that are or are not permitted in the areas of conservation value including the access roads and buffer zones as well as restored habitats (e.g., logging, hunting of Threatened and protected

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MODULE 3 BAP FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES species) • SOL’s construction activities and commitment to biodiversity Mode of Delivery PowerPoint presentation Target audience Local Communities

As the Batak have a sense of attachment to the land, SOL deliberately did not deliver the message to reduce illegal logging during the socialisation conducted in June 2014. SOL’s external relation officers will work with local communities regarding this issue.

1.11.5.2 SOL and Contractors

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.9. SOL’s Environmental Engineer delivered the presentation to SOL site staff and Contractors to emphasise SOL’s commitment to implementing the BAP. A summary of the BAP was also provided to the local government agencies.

Table 2.9: Overview of Module 3 for SOL and Contractors MODULE 3 BAP FOR SOL AND CONTRACTORS Objectives To raise awareness on: • Appropriate construction management measures within the Project AOI • Activities that are or are not permitted in the areas of conservation value including the access roads and buffer zones as well as restored habitats Mode of Delivery PowerPoint presentation and group discussion Target audience SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, Local government agencies

A brief introduction to the key biodiversity management measures for the construction phase was provided to SOL site staff, Contractors, and Subcontractors. The objectives of implementing appropriate construction management measures are to: ° Maintain all construction footprints to a minimum and as planned ° Implement methodical clearance of forested areas to allow natural dispersal of wildlife into adjacent habitat and to prevent clearance of habitats of conversation value resulting in isolation of wildlife from escape ° Avoid: – Destruction of flora/fauna, habitat loss and edge effects – Fauna injuries and fatality through site clearing and grading activities and traffic – Introduction of invasive flora and fauna species – Light and noise causing behavioural disturbances to animals – Erosion impacts – Hazardous material spills – Waste impacts – Brine discharge impacts – Reduction in numbers of vulnerable animals – Reduction in numbers of flora species near camp sites

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– Disturbance impact from noise and presence of people due to Staff site and welfare facilities – Break in habitat continuity for tigers and other terrestrial mammals through the creation of embankments on site access roads.

1.11.6 Module 4 – Enforcement

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.10. SOL’s Environmental Engineer delivered this module to the SOL site staff, Contractors, and Subcontractors. As SOL cannot enforce local communities to adopt the BAP, this was instead communicated to the local government agencies to seek their assistance.

Table 2.10: Overview of Module 4 MODULE 4 ENFORCEMENT Objectives To raise awareness on: • SOL’s ‘no tolerance policy’ for its employees and contractors engaged in poaching wildlife and collecting forest products • the importance of adhering to the lenders’ requirements and penalties for breaching Mode of Delivery PowerPoint presentation Target audience SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, and Local government agencies

1.11.7 Module 5 – Monitoring and Reporting

An overview of this module is presented in Table 2.11. SOL’s Environmental Engineer delivered this module to the Contractors, Sub-contractors, and local government agencies.

Table 2.11: Overview of Module 5 MODULE 5 ENFORCEMENT Objectives To raise awareness on: • Lines of communication and responsibilities for reporting and managing injured wildlife or roadkill and unpermitted act • Monitoring for infringements • Monitoring surveys plan set out in the BAP and BOEMP for pre-construction, construction, and post- construction phase Mode of Delivery PowerPoint presentation Target audience SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, and Local government agencies

1.11.8 Question and Answer (Q&A)

A Q&A session followed at the end of the programme to answer any queries arising from the participants. The minutes of discussion held are provided in Appendix D. Photos recorded during the Socialisation Programme are presented in Appendix E.

[A summary of the key issues/concerns raised will be reported in the next submission].

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report CONFIDENTIAL 3 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Way Forward

1.12 Overview

The Socialisation Programme was delivered to the following groups as of 12 June 2014: ° Group 1 - SOL and Contractors senior and middle managers in Jakarta ° Group 2 - SOL, Contractors, and Subcontractors senior site staff ° Group 3 - Focus group meetings with local communities and government agencies including the Heads of Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu Sub-districts as well as Department of Mines and Energy and Department of Environment

The key performance indicators (KPIs) for the effectiveness of the Socialisation Programme in raising awareness of biodiversity issues were developed and recorded and are discussed further in Section 3.2. SOL’s progress against the KPIs will be updated in the Final Report.

1.13 KPIs

SOL’s progress against the KPIs as of 12 June 2014 is presented in Table 3.1. Since the primary objective of the Socialisation Programme is awareness raising and the actual implementation is largely dependent on enforcement and implementation of appropriate measures by SOL, Contractors, Subcontractors, and external stakeholders, majority of the KPIs refer to the quiz scores to measure the improved level of awareness (cf, the actual outcomes of implementing the BAP).

Table 3.1: KPIs for the Socialisation Programme (as of 12 June 2014) KPI of Socialisation Programme Achievement BAP #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 [Number] of SOL and Contractors Senior 28 V Managers attending the Socialisation Programme [Number] of SOL, Contractors, and 75 V Subcontractors site staff attending the Socialisation Programme [%] improvement by SOL and Contractors 6% V V V V V V V V senior managers on first and final quiz [%] improvement by SOL and 20% V V V V V V V V Contractors, Sub-contractors site staff [%] improvement by local communities in 14% V V Pahae Jae on first and final quiz [%] improvement by local communities in 10% V V Pahae Julu on first and final quiz [Number] of biodiversity posters 24 V displayed in the Sarulla site office and work areas

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KPI of Socialisation Programme Achievement BAP #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 [Number] of biodiversity brochures 103 V distributed to the SOL, Contractors, and Sub-contractors staff [Number] of socialisation programme 2 V V delivered to the local communities [Number] of socialisation programme 1 V V delivered to the local government agencies [Number] of biodiversity posters [To be reported in the V V displayed in the village information board next submission] [Number] of posters and brochures 118 V V distributed to the local communities in Pahae Jae [Number] of posters and brochures 126 V V distributed to the local communities in Pahae Julu [Number] of posters and brochures 10 V V distributed to the local government agencies

SOL aims to continuously improve its progress against the KPIs where appropriate, and this will be reported on an annual basis. KPIs will be reviewed and revised as appropriate on an annual basis.

1.14 Way forward

SOL will deliver further socialisation activities with local communities.

It is of note that the Socialisation Programme to the villages in Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu Sub-districts will be delivered by SOL in cooperation with PanEco/YEL and the Contractors’ external relations officers. According to a survey conducted in 2009, there are approximately 6,200 inhabitants in Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu Sub-districts as shown in Table 3.2. The physical boundary of the target communities is provided in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.2: Population of Communities in SOL Area of Interest Kecamatan Village Name Inhabitants (2009) Pahae Julu Simataniari 570 Simanampang 420 Sibaganding 479 Lumban Tonga 671 Lumban Jaean 545 Lumban Garaga 561 Lumban Gaol 711 Sub-total 7 villages 3,957

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Kecamatan Village Name Inhabitants (2009) Pahae Jae Siopat Bahal 585 Sigurunggurung 710 Pardomuan Nainggolan 977 Sub-total 3 villages 2,272 Total 10 villages 6,229

Source: Pan Eco / YEL

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Figure 3.1: Communities within the Project AOI.

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SOL will deliver further socialisation at ten villages in the two Sub-districts of the Project’s Area of Influence (AoI). SOL will also deliver further socialisation to all the SOL, Contractors, and Subcontractors site staff as part of their induction training and refresher on an annual basis. A refresher thereafter will be arranged and delivered by SOL in coordination with the Contractors on an annual basis throughout the construction phase.

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Appendices

Appendix A. Participants Register ______17 Appendix B. Socialisation Materials ______18 Appendix C. Quiz ______20 Appendix D. Minutes of Discussion ______22 Appendix E. Photos ______23

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Appendix A. Participants Register

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Appendix B. Socialisation Materials

B.1 Presentation

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Agenda

Biodiversity Socialisation • National legislation and international requirements

Sarulla Geothermal Power Project • Importance of biodiversity • Biodiversity Action Plan and Offset Management Plan • Enforcement, Monitoring, and Reporting • Q&A

Quiz Key international requirements

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1994) – GoI has set a voluntary commitment to reducing carbon emissions, including What do you mitigation of emissions from deforestation through: • Combating illegal logging; conservation and rehabilitation of forest resources; empowering the economy of the community within and surrounding the forest know about area • United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (1995) – BAPPEDA produced the Indonesian Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (IBSAP). biodiversity? – IBSAP for 2020 is currently under preparation to include mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating implementation at national and local levels • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1978)

Source: PanEco / YEL – GoI is signatory to this legally binding agreement between governments to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

Source: PanEco / YEL

1 International lenders’ requirements International lenders’ requirements IFC PS6 - Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Asian Development Bank’s Environmental Safeguards Management of Living Natural Resources • Do not implement project activities in areas of critical habitats, unless: • In areas of critical habitat, the client will not implement any project activities unless: – There are no measurable adverse impacts, or likelihood of such, on – No other viable alternatives within the region exist for development of the project the critical habitat which could impair its high biodiversity value or on modified or natural habitats that are not critical; the ability to function; – The project does not lead to measurable adverse impacts on those biodiversity – The project is not anticipated to lead to a reduction in the values for which the critical habitat was designated, and on the ecological population of any recognized endangered or critically endangered processes supporting those biodiversity values; species or a loss in area of the habitat concerned such that the – The project does not lead to a net reduction in the global and/or persistence of a viable and representative host ecosystem be national/regional population of any Critically Endangered or Endangered compromised; species over a reasonable period of time; and – For any lesser impacts, mitigation measures will be designed to – A robust, appropriately designed, and long-term biodiversity monitoring and achieve at least no net loss of biodiversity. evaluation program is integrated into the client’s management program.

International lenders’ requirements National legislation (cont’d) • Law No 5 of 1990 regarding the Conservation of Natural Resources and • Equator Principles Ecosystems – Signed by the Sarulla project’s financial institutions – Outlines the importance of preserving plant and animal diversity and their ecosystems and sustainably using natural resources. – Regulates the participation of the people in the conservation of biological resources and ecosystems • Law No 19 of 2004 regarding Forestry – Regulates the management and conservation of forests – Categorise forests into: Conservation, Protection, and Production • Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) Environmental • Government Regulation 7 of 1999 regarding Conservation of Plants and and Social Confirmation Guideline Animals – A species of plants and animals must be protected if: it has a small population; there is a sharp decrease in the number of individuals in the wild; limited distribution range (endemic). – For those species of plants and animals which fulfill the criteria referred to in paragraph (1) there is need to conservation efforts

2 Law No 5/1990 Project Baseline

Kill Own Catch Keep • Batang Toru Forest and its functions Harm Protected • Internationally recognized forest Trade Species Transport • Results of field surveys

The Project site is located in critical habitats of high conservation value Max 5 years of imprisonment Minimum fine of Rp100M

Batang Toru River Watercatchment area Batang Toru Project Location Forest •The Batang Toru watershed (3400 km2) is one of the most •All of the upper important ones in North Sumatra watershed has with following functions: been denuded of • Store water, thereby reducing flooding during forest, currently heavy rains, and provide only 30% is water during the dry forested season. • Reduce erosion and •This remaining landslides forest are crucial • Accelerate the formation of in maintaining soil and nutritional cycles • Forests regulate (local) ecosystem climate, thereby reducing stability temperature fluctuations Source: PanEco / YEL and regulating rainfall.

Source: PanEco / YEL

3 Vulnerable Vulnerable Endangered Species of conservation value

Agile gibbon Slow loris Sun bear Asian tapir Marbled cat Vulnerable Endangered Vulnerable Mountain tortoise Sumatran tiger

Binturong Siamang Vulnerable Vulnerable Endangered Source: 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 3.1 Sumatran orangutan

Critically endangered Critically endangered Source: PanEco / YELPangolin

Jenis-Jenis Flora Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Flora Di Tapanuli

1. Bunga padma 2. Bunga bangkai Lokal : Bunga bangkai Lokal : Atturbung Inggris: Rafflesia Inggris : Amorphophallus Latin : Rafflesia sp. Latin : Amorphophallus PP 7 : Dilindungi titanium IUCN : Kurang data (DD) PP 7 : Dilindungi Fungsi: Estetika, ilmu IUCN : Kurang data (DD) pengetahuan, Fungsi : Estetika, ilmu ekosistem, pengetahuan, ekosistem, Source: PanEco / YEL

Source: PanEco / YEL

4 Jenis-Jenis Flora Di Tapanuli

3. Kantong semar Lokal : Tahul-tahul Inggris : Nephentes Latin : Nephentes spp. PP 7 : Semua jenis dilindungi IUCN : Kurang data (DD) Jenis-jenis Anggrek

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

1. Orangutan sumatera Lokal : Juhut bontar Inggris : Sumatran orangutan Latin : Pongo abelii PP 7 : Dilindungi Jenis-jenis IUCN : Kritis/sangat terancam punah (CR) Anggrek Source: PanEco / YEL Fungsi : Penyerbukan, pemencar biji, pengendali populasi hewan yang dimangsanya, dan pemangkasan pohon secara alami. Ket. : Kepadatan populasi rendah sehingga habitat perlu dipertahankan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

5 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

2. Siamang 3. Owa-wa Lokal : Imbo Lokal : Sarudung Inggris : Siamang Inggris : Agile gibbon Latin : Symphalangus syndactylus Latin : Hylobates agilis PP 7 : Dilindungi PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN : Rentan (VU) IUCN : Rentan (VU) Fungsi : Penyerbukan, pemencar biji, Fungsi : Penyerbukan, pemencar biji, dan pengendali populasi dan pengendali populasi hewan yang dimangsanya. hewan yang dimangsanya.

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

4. Kukang 5. Harimau sumatera Lokal : Huhang Lokal : Babiat, ompu, raja hutan Inggris : Slow loris Inggris : Sumatran tiger Latin : Panthera tigris sumatrae Latin : Nycticebus PP 7 : Dilindungi coucang IUCN : Kritis/sangat terancam punah (CR) PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN : Rentan (VU) Fungsi : Predator puncak (pengendali populasi satwa yang Fungsi : Rantai makanan dimangsanya) dan ilmu Ket. : Kepadatan populasi rendah pengetahuan sehingga habitat perlu dipertahankan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

6 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

6. Kucing batu 7. Kucing emas Lokal :Antuasu Lokal : Angguliman Inggris :Marbled cat Inggris : Golden cat Latin :Pardofelis marmorata Latin : Pardofelis temminckii PP 7 :Dilindungi PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN :Rentan (VU) IUCN : Hampir terancam (NT) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu Fungsi :Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan pengetahuan Source: PanEco / YEL

Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

8. Kucing kuwuk 9. Beruang madu Lokal :Gompul Lokal : Babiatri Inggris : Sun bear Inggris : Leopard cat Latin : Helarctos malayanus Latin : Prionailurus PP 7 : Dilindungi bengalensis IUCN : Rentan (VU) PP 7 : Dilindungi Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC)

Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan Source: PanEco / YEL

Source: PanEco / YEL

7 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

10. Tapir 11. Kambing hutan Lokal : Sipan Lokal : Belu, bedu Inggris: Asian tapir Latin : Tapirus indicus Inggris : Serow PP 7 : Dilindungi Latin : Capricornis sumatraensis IUCN : Terancam (EN) PP 7 : Dilindungi Fungsi: Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan IUCN : Rentan (VU) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan Source: PanEco / YEL

Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

12. Rusa 13. Kijang

Lokal : Ursa Lokal : Hije

Inggris : Sambar deer Inggris : Common barking deer

Latin : Cervus unicolor Latin : Muntiacus muntjak

PP 7 : Dilindungi PP 7 : Dilindungi

IUCN : Rentan (VU) IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan pengetahuan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

8 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

14. Kancil, planduk 15. Trenggiling Lokal : Tanggiling Lokal : Pelanduk, napu Inggris : Pangolin Latin : Manis javanica Inggris : Lesser mouse deer PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN : Terancam (EN) Latin : Tragulus kanchil Fungsi : Ekosistem

PP 7 : Dilindungi

IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

16. Landak raya 17. Binturong Lokal :Misang andor Lokal : Parindurian Inggris : Binturong Inggris : Malayan porcupine Latin : Arctictis binturong PP 7 : Dilindungi Latin : Hystrix brachyura IUCN : Rentan (VU) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu PP 7 : Dilindungi pengetahuan

IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

9 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

18. Linsang 19. Kubung Lokal :Misang pandan Lokal : Hubung Inggris : Banded linsang Latin : Prionodon linsang Inggris : Sunda flying lemur PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN : Risiko rendah Latin : Cynocephalus variegatus Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan PP 7 : Dilindungi

IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC)

Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

20. Bajing besar 21. Bajing tiga garis

Lokal :Antalas Lokal :

Inggris : Three-striped ground squirrel Inggris : Black giant squirrel

Latin : Lariscus insignis Latin : Ratufa bicolor PP 7 : Dilindungi PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC) IUCN : Hampir terancam (NT) Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

10 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

22. Baning 23. Kuau raja Lokal :Baning Lokal : Bulayan Inggris : Burmese mountain tortoise Inggris : Great argus Latin : Manouria emys Latin : Argusianus argus PP 7 : Dilindungi IUCN : Terancam (EN) PP 7 : Dilindungi Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu Source: PanEco / YEL IUCN : Hampir terancam (NT) pengetahuan Fungsi : Ekosistem, ilmu pengetahuan

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

24. Enggang badak 25. Elang paria Lokal : Onggang Lokal : Lali Inggris : Rhinoceros hornbill Inggris : Black kite Latin : Buceros rhinoceros PP 7 : Semua famili Bucerotidae Latin : Milvus migrans adalah dilindungi PP 7 : Semua jenis dilindungi IUCN : Hampir terancam (NT) IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC) Fungsi : Membantu pemencaran biji Fungsi : Burung pemangsa, buah dan pengendali populasi serangga menjaga keseimbangan di alam.

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

11 Jenis-Jenis Fauna Di Tapanuli

26. Babi hutan Di Kuala Lumpur, burung gagak Lokal : Aili dibiarkan hidup untuk Inggris : Wild boar membersihkan kota dari lalat, Latin : Sus scrofa ulat, dan sampah sisa-sisa makanan. PP 7 : Tidak dilindungi IUCN : Risiko rendah (LC) Fungsi : Membantu Di Tapanuli, kalong/haluang dekomposisi di hutan; awalnya sangat banyak dan penggali tanah; berperan membantu penyerbukan durian dan petai, tapi penyebar biji/spora sayangnya semakin habis jamur; hewan mangsa diburu.

Source: PanEco / YEL Source: PanEco / YEL

Project’s Potential Impacts SOL’s commitment toward biodiversity conservation Project footprint: 90ha Biodiversity • Deforestation/habitat Action Plan destruction/edge effects (BAP) • Break of habitat continuity

• General construction Biodiversity Biodiversity works (noise, light, Management Offset Source: MM Plan for hazardous materials) Management construction Plan • Invasive species works introduction

Source: MM Continuous biodiversity monitoring surveys

12 Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Biodiversity Action Plan (Cont.)

Avoid Reduce Inform staff about biodiversity GOALS: NO NET LOSS TO BIODIVERSITY NET GAIN IN CRITICAL HABITATS Good practice Socialisation programme with local villages Avoid Reduce Remedy Conduct further biodiversity surveys • BAP was developed based on the mitigation hierarchy: Avoid Reduce Promote reduction in hunting and logging in areas Avoid the impacts. opened up due to access roads Where avoidance is not possible, Avoid Reduce Clear demarcation of forest areas to be cleared

Reduce / minimise the impacts. Avoid Reduce Reduce and prevent mortality of wildlife from Where residual impacts remain, collision from vehicles Avoid Reduce Light control Remedy the impacts. Avoid Reduce Methodical clearance of forested areas to prevent Where onsite restoration is insufficient, creation of isolated areas

Offset the impacts To achieve ‘no net loss’ and ‘net gain’

Biodiversity Action Plan / Offset Management Avoid Reduce Biodiversity Management Plan Plan for minimising Deforestation • Clear the minimum land possible (mark appropriately on drawings and in the field to avoid Remedy Onsite habitat restoration mistakes) Offset – Areas temporarily lost during • Locate facilities within existing disturbed areas construction: Laydown, disposal areas, borrow area • Site non-essential site facilities and welfare facilities outside of the forest boundary – Former well pads previously • Utilize or upgrade existing roads developed by Petermina PLN in 1998 • Directional drilling technology to avoid the requirement for additional pad area • Stockpile and keep cleared vegetation for other Source: MM uses (rehabilitation, landscaping, erosion control) Offset Offsite habitat restoration (TBC) • Avoid embankments on edge of site roads to form 'cliffs'

13 Avoid Reduce Biodiversity Management Plan Avoid Reduce Biodiversity Management Plan for minimising Deforestation for general construction activities • Reduce the noise and light • Employ clearance and felling methods that retain trees and allow fauna to escape disturbance (appropriate vehicle maintenance, speed limit, reduce light) • Relocate habitat features and resources for native fauna in a manner to limit damage to • Control the erosion (erosion control existing vegetation devices, replant vegetation) • Avoid damage to trees by machinery that are not • Control waste/chemical disposal scheduled for felling. Do not permit vehicles or other plant or machinery to enter areas of intact • Inject Condensate and brine generated vegetation. Source: MM during the power plant production Source: MM • Avoid use of herbicides to clear vegetation. testing and operation into re-injection wells • Do not use intact vegetation areas for stockpiling or as lay down areas. • Prohibit hunting/fishing/harvesting of forest’s products

Biodiversity Management Plan for Avoid Reduce Biodiversity Management Plan for Avoid Reduce Critical Habitats Conservation avoiding Invasive Species • In case of wildlife found on the site, • Identify existing areas of non-native plant species and develop a ensure that it is relocated in a management plan suitable habitat not too far from • Hygiene measures for construction machinery and workforce the original area. – Disinfection and wash down of plants/machinery prior to the arrival • Check continuously for the Source: PanEco/YEL – Contain and treat washdown water presence of endangered species – Locate wash areas away from water bodies • Threat abatement of impacted • Use native species for restoration areas species (poaching-free zone) • Prohibit the possession of cats/dogs on site • Avoid habitat interruption (e.g. • Avoid the use of herbicides unless strictly necessary site embankments of site roads) Source: PanEco/YEL Source: PanEco/YEL

14 Enforcement, Monitoring, and Reporting

• No tolerance policy Compliance with national legislation and • Monitoring of infringement international • Lines of communication requirements • Biodiversity monitoring surveys for pre- NO NET LOSS TO BIODIVERSITY construction, construction, NET GAIN IN CRITICAL HABITATS and O&M phase Avoid and/or minimise: – Update BAP report • Ecological impacts • Commercial risks – Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation Programme • Reputational risks

Source: PanEco / YEL

15 Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

B.2 Poster and Brochure

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Orangutan sumatera (Juhut bontar) STOP PERBURUAN & PEDULI SATWA LIAR PERDAGANGAN SATWA LIAR

DEMI KELESTARIAN ALAM KITA “Setiap orang dilarang untuk: menangkap, melukai, SEMUA! membunuh, menyimpan, memiliki, memelihara,

mengangkut, dan memperniagakan satwa yang

dilindungi (UU No. 5 tahun 1990)”. Orangutan jantan (gambar atas) memiliki bantalan di pipi (cheek-pads) yang membesar kalau dewasa. Informasi salah yang beredar ialah: orangutan dapat menculik anak kecil, memperkosa wanita, & dapat menyerang manusia dengan melemparkan kayu/ranting pohon. Induk & anak orangutan masih menyusui (gambar di samping). Orangutan lambat berkembangbiak. Betina orangutan hanya punya satu anak sekaligus yang tinggal bersamanya selama 8 tahun lalu berpisah pelan-pelan.

Populasi orangutan (mawas) di dalam Hutan Tapanuli mempunyai ciri genetika yang berbeda dengan orangutan lain di Sumatera Utara dan Aceh, sehingga patut dilesrtaikan.

Secara alami makanan orangutan adalah bunga, buah, daun , liana, kulit kayu, rayap, serangga lain, dll. Orangutan menjaga keseimbangan hutan melalui rantai makanan, membantu penyerbukan, dan memencarkan biji-bijian.

Penangkapan burung di alam Apabila terjadi konflik dengan orangutan dan liar baik untuk peliharaan satwa liar dilindungi lainnya, segera SMS ke : (hobi) maupun dijual marak terjadi. Perlu kesadaran dari 0812-6569-8936 (YEL) masyarakat agar mengurangi 0813-9772-0000 (OIC) aktivitas ini untuk memulih- 0634-23450 (BKSDA Wil. II P.Sidempuan) kan populasi burung yang saat ini semakin langka.

Mengapa Terjadi Konflik Manusia-Satwa Liar? Penanggulangan Konflik Antara Manusia Dan

Satwa Liar: 1. Aktivitas manusia yang semakin masuk ke hutan meng-

akibatkan ke- Maraknya perburuan Kukang 1. Bila ada ancaman dari satwa liar di sekitar saudara, rusakan atau untuk dijadikan hewan pelihara- segera hubungi atau SMS ke 0812-6569-8936. penyempitan an semakin mempercepat ber 2. Demi keselamatan saudara, jangan terlalu dekat habitat satwa. kurangnya populasi kukang di dengan satwa tersebut. Pembukaan alam liar. 3. Kerumunan orang banyak hanya akan membuat hutan untuk satwa liar menjadi stres dan cenderung mengamuk. areal per- 4. Jangan mengambil tindakan yang dapat melukai kebunan akan satwa liar, karena akan membuat satwa tersebut mengakibat- semakin ganas. Selain itu tindakan tersebut juga kan satwa liar Babi hutan merupakan salah melanggar hukum. kehilangan satu hewan yang dimangsa tempat tinggal Harimau sumatera. Bila nya. \ Harimau punah, maka mengakibatkan populasi babi di 2. Berkurangnya satwa mangsa akibat perburuan oleh hutan membludak, sehingga

manusia mengakibatkan satwa predator datang ke akan mengganggu ke-

pemukiman masyarakat. Rusa & kambing hutan seimbangan alam. Setiap orang yang menangkap,

merupakan salah satu contoh jenis pakan Harimau melukai, membunuh, menyimpan, memiliki, sumatera yang jumlahnya menurun karena diburu. Mengapa Satwa Liar Perlu Dilindungi? memelihara, mengangkut, dan memperniagakan

satwa dilindungi akan dipidana dengan pidana 1. Di dalam hutan ada suatu sistem yang lengkap disebut ekosistem (hubungan timbal-balik antara mahluk hidup penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan denda

dengan lingkungannya). Bila satwa liar hilang/ punah, paling banyakRp. 100.000.000

maka sistem tidak akan berjalan dengan baik, sehingga (UU No. 5 tahun 1990). lingkungan akan rusak. 2. Beragam satwaliar yang dilindungi memiliki peran sangat penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan alam. 3. Perkembang-biakannya sangat lambat. 4. Menjaga kekayaan alam hayati yang sangat istimewa ini merupakan tanggung-jawab kita bersama. Penanggulangan konflik manusia - satwa liar adalah Landak raya & trenggiling proses dan upaya atau kegiatan mengatasi atau sering diburu untuk perdagang- mengurangi konflik antara manusia dan satwa liar an illegal, dengan dalih satwa dengan mengedepankan kepentingan dan keselamatan ini merupakan hama tanaman. Tindakan ini melanggar hukum. manusia tanpa mengorbankan kepentingan dan keselamatan satwa liar

3. Dianggap hama (pengganggu). Contohnya pada saat (P. 48 /Menhut-II/2008). musim panen durian, orangutan masuk ke kebun buah yang lokasinya dekat/merupakan daerah bekas hutan. 4. Masih banyak masyarakat yang kurang mengetahui manfaat penting satwa liar bagi alam. Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

Appendix C. Quiz

C.1 SOL/Contractors

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation

Quiz 1

Name: (optional)

Your organization (please circle one) : SOL / Hyundai / Halliburton (required)

Date: 5 June 2014

Question Answer MODULE 1 - NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL LENDERS’ REQUIREMENTS 1. What happens when you hunt a protected species in Indonesia? 1. Warned 2. Jailed and fined 3. Death penalty 4. Nothing happens 2. Which of the lenders requires biodiversity risk and impact assessment 1. ADB and implementation of mitigation / compensation measures? 2. JBIC 3. National Australian Bank 4. Japanese banks 5. All of the above MODULE 2 - IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY 3. How many hectares of forest are going to be cleared by the Project? 1. 10ha 2. 50ha 3. 90ha 4. Please name one protected species (animal or plant) found within the vicinity of the Project site.

MODULE 3 - BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (BAP) 5. How many actions are there in SOL’s biodiversity action plan (BAP)? 1. 8 2. 10 3. 15 6. Please describe one action from the BAP.

MODULE 4 - ENFORCEMENT 7. Who is responsible for implementing the BAP? 1. SOL 2. Contractors 3. Sub-contractors 4. All of the above MODULE 5 - MONITORING AND REPORTING 8. When is biodiversity monitoring survey carried out? 1. Pre-construction 2. Post-construction 3. All of the above 9. True or False: SOL and the Contractors are required to regularly report 1. True to the lenders about the implementation status of BAP 2. False

Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

C.2 Local Communities

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Daftar Pre Test dan Post Test Sosialisasi di Pahae 2014

A. Identitas Peserta 1 Nama : 2 Jenis kelamin : Pria / Wanita 3 Umur : tahun 4 Pendidikan terakhir (lingkari : Tidak / tamat SD Tidak / tamat SMA jawaban yang sesuai Tidak / tamat SMP Universitas 5 Agama & aliran Gereja : 6 Jenis pekerjaan : 7 Asal desa/dusun :

B. Benar/Salah (B / S) Lingkari pilihan yang menurut Bapak/Ibu merupakan jawaban yang tepat. 1. Membuka kebun di hulu hutan dapat merugikan masyarakat yang berada di hilir (B / S). 2. Penggundulan hutan dapat mengakibatkan kekeringan pada musim kemarau, karena kurangnya persediaan air di dalam tanah (B / S). 3. Apabila binatang-binatang di hutan habis, maka lama kelamaan hutan akan rusak (B / S). 4. Landak (parindurian) merupakan jenis binatang yang tidak dilindungi (B / S). 5. Di Indonesia tidak ada peraturan khusus mengenai perlindungan satwa dan tumbuhan (B / S). 6. Hutan tidak berperan dalam proses terjadinya hujan (B / S). 7. Menangkap trenggiling akan dipidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp 100.000.000 (B / S). 8. Sangsi bagi setiap orang yang melukai, menangkap atau membunuh satwa dilindungi adalah sama beratnya (B / S). 9. Pembukaan lahan hutan termasuk penyebab terjadinya konflik antara Manusia dengan satwa (B / S). 10. Orangutan di Tapanuli adalah sama dengan orangutan sumatera yang berada di Aceh (B / S). 11. Konservasi sumberdaya alam hayati dan ekosistemnya adalah tanggung jawab dan kewajiban pemerintah saja (B / S).

C. Pilihan berganda 1. Manfaat keberadaan kalong/haluang bagi kelestarian hutan: (Hanya 1 jawaban) a. Mengurangi jumlah nyamuk c. Membantu penyerbukan bunga pada tumbuhan b. Membantu penyebaran biji tumbuhan d. Jawaban b dan c benar 2. Mengapa kepunahan harimau sumatera dapat menggangu keseimbangan di dalam hutan? (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Harimau membantu penyebaran biji-bijian c. Harimau suka mencari mangsa di kampung b. Harimau membantu penyerbukan bunga d. Harimau merupakan pemangsa hewan yang bisa menjadi hama di kebun masyarakat 3. Jenis binatang yang tidak termasuk dilindungi undang-undang di Indonesia: (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Harimau sumatera (babiat) c. Orangutan (mawas) b. Kijang (hije) d. Beruk (bodat) 4. Jenis tumbuhan yang dilindungi undang-undang di Indonesia: (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Anturmangan c. Kantung semar/tahul-tahul b. Amorphophallus/atturbung/bunga bangkai d. Jamur 5. Apabila Bapak/Ibu melihat seseorang melakukan perburuan binatang dilindungi, tindakan apa yang paling tepat untuk Bapak/Ibu lakukan? (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Ikut berburu c. Berkelahi dengan pemburu tersebut b. Merasa sedih d. Melaporkan ke kepala desa dan dinas terkait 6. Menurut Bapak/Ibu, siapa yang bertanggung-jawab atas kelestarian hutan disekitar kita? (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Anak sekolah c. Masyarakat b. Tenaga pendidik d. Pemerintah 7. Menurut anda apakah fungsi hutan? (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Tempat rekreasi/berlibur (fungsi sosial) c. Tempat mencari penghasilan (fungsi ekonomi) b. Tempat menyimpan cadangan air dan d. Menjaga kesuburan tanah pencegah erosi & banjir (fungsi ekologi) 8. Keuntungan yang dapat dirasakan oleh Bapak/Ibu apabila hutan di sekitar anda terjaga: (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban) a. Suasana damai, udara sejuk, sumber air jernih c. Hidup sehat b. Dapat berburu untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari d. Tidak ada keuntungan 9. Faktor apa yang menentukan suatu wilayah hutan patut dilestarikan: (Boleh lebih dari 1 jawaban)

a. Keterjalan (topografi) c. Jenis pohon di hutan b. Kepemilikan d. Kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi/longsor 10. Berapa persen sisa penutupan hutan di DAS Batang Toru? (Hanya 1 jawaban) a. 95 % c. 30 % b. 60 % d. 12 %

Pre Test and Post Test for Socialization

A. Participant profile 1 Name : 2 Gender : Male / Female 3 Age : 4 Education (Sign your : ü Did not complete ü Did not complete answer) Primary School / Senior High School / Graduate from Graduate from Senior Primary School High School ü Did not complete ü University Junior High School / Graduate from Junior High School 5 Religion & Church : 6 Occupation : 7 Residence :

B. True/False (T / F) Circle your answer. 1. Building a field at upstream forest can pose negative impacts to communities who live in downstream forest. (T / F) 2. Deforestation could cause draught during the dry season due to lack of water retention capacity in the soil. (T / F). 3. When there is a reduction in animals population in forest, eventually the forest conditions will be damaged. 4. Hedgehog (parindurian/landak) is not a protected animal. (T / F) 5. Indonesia does not have a special regulation about protecting animals and plants. (T / F) 6. Forest does not affect a rainfall pattern. (T / F) 7. Hunting anteater (trenggiling) will be led to in-prison for at most 5 years and fined for maximum IDR 100.000.000. (T / F) 8. Penalties or sanctions for peoples who hurt, catch or kill the protected animals are the same. (T / F) 9. Forest clearance will cause a conflict between human and animals. (T / F) 10. Orangutan in Tapanuli is the same species as the orangutan in Aceh Province. (T / F) 11. Conservation of forest biodiversity and its ecosystem are only the government’s responsibility/obligation. (T / F).

C. Multiple Choices 1. The benefit of bats for forest sustainability: (Give only 1 answer) a. Reducing mosquitos c. Help pollinate flowers b. Help spread plant’s seeds d. B and C are true 2. Why the extinction of Sumatran tiger can disturb the ecosystem balance in forest? (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Tigers help spreading seeds c. Tigers like to prowl in the village b. Tigers help the flowers pollination d. Tigers are predator for pests in villagers field 3. Which animal species are not protected by Indonesia regulation: (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Sumatran tiger (babiat) c. Orangutan (mawas) b. Deer (hije) d. Monkey (bodat) 4. Which plant species are protected by Indonesia’s regulation : (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Anturmangan c. Kantung semar/tahul-tahul b. Amorphophallus/atturbung/bunga bangkai d. Fungus 5. What will you do if you observe people hunting the protected animals? (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Join to hunt c. Fight with the hunter b. Feeling sad d. Report to the head of village and government 6. Who has responsibility on forest sustainability around us? (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Students c. Villagers/Peoples b. Teachers d. Government 7. What are the forest functions? (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Recreation /holiday (social function) c. Give income to people (economic function) b. Water supply and erosionprevention of d. Maintain the soil fertility flooding (ecology function) 8. The benefits/advantage when we have sustainable forest around us: (May choose more than 1 answer) a. Peacefull, fresh air, fresh water source. c. Healthy life b. Peoples can hunt animals for their living. d. No benefit 9. Factors which determine the status of forest: (May choose more than 1 answer)

a. Topography c. Kind of tress b. Lands property d. Sensitivity of soil againts erotion/landslide 10. How many percentage of primary forest is there in Batang Toru watersheed? (Choose 1 answer) a. 95 % c. 30 % b. 60 % d. 12 %

Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

Appendix D. Minutes of Discussion

D.1 11 June 2014 – Pahae Jae

[to be provided in the next submission]

D.2 11 June 2014 – Local Government Agencies

[to be provided in the next submission]

D.3 12 June 2014 – Pahae Julu

[to be provided in the next submission]

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

Appendix E. Photos

E.1 10 June 2014 - SOL and Contractors Site Staff

Figure E.1: Biodiversity poster erected at site office Figure E.2: Biodiversity Presentation for Site Staff

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

Figure E.3: Socialisation venue at site office Figure E.4: SOL, Contractors, and Subcontractors staff attending the socialisation

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

Figure E.5: SOL Environmental Engineer presenting the BAP

Source: Mott MacDonald

E.2 11 June 2014 – Pahae Jae

Figure E.6: Socialisation venue Figure E.7: Biodiversity Presentation for Pahae Jae District

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

Figure E.8: SOL External Relation Officer giving an Figure E.9: Local communities attending the opening remark at the socialisation socialisation

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

Figure E.10: A villager during the Q&A session Figure E.11: Head of Sub-district giving a closing remark

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

E.3 11 June 2014 – Local Government Agencies

Figure E.12:: Biodiversity Socialisation for Government Figure E.13:: Government officers taking a biodiversity Officers quiz

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

Figure E.14: A government officer during Q&A session Figure E.15: Government officers during the socialisation

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

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Sarulla Geothermal Power Project Biodiversity Socialisation Delivery Interim Report

E.4 12 June 2014 – Pahae Julu

Figure E.16: Biodiversity Socialisation registration Figure E.17: Biodiversity Presentation for Pahae Julu District

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

Figure E.18: Villagers during the socialisation Figure E.19: Religious leader during the socialisation

Source: Mott MacDonald Source: Mott MacDonald

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Final Report Biodiversity Socialization

around SOL Geothermal Area, North Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Women played a active role in the ramme, socialization prog making up nearly 60% of all participants. 30th November, 2015 by PanEco/Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari

requested by

Sarulla Operations Ltd.

BIODIVERSITY SOCIALIZATION AROUND SOL GEOTHERMAL AREA, NORTH TAPANULI, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Executive Summary The Batang Toru Forest Complex, also called ‘Harangan Tapanuli’ in Batak language, ranges from hilly lowland tropical rain forest to rugged mossy submontane forest in the highlands (124-1797 m asl). It stretches across three districts in Tapanuli (North, Central and South), North Sumatra.

What is now left of this unique forest spans some 134,000 hectares of primary forest, divided in two blocks separated by the Sumatran rift valley. Most of the surrounding lowland areas have been opened up for agriculture and plantation development.

The communities surrounding the Batang Toru forest depend on this humid, tropical forest, and the high levels of rainfall it produces, as their main water source and buffer against flooding and erosion. This forest is part of the Barisan mountain range in Sumatra, which is increasingly vital for the role it plays in carbon sequestration and storage, and mitigating the effects of climate change.

The Batang Toru forests have very high faunal biodiversity. So far, 90 mammal species (including 30 Chiropteran species) have been recorded, including very rare species such as the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), and the Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica), all three listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.The Batang Toru forest constitutes the last habitat for the southernmost population of the critically endangered orangutans in Sumatra. This population has recently found to be genetically unique and seemingly more closely related to the West Bornean orangutans than those found to the north in Aceh. Besides the key charismatic species listed above, tapirs, sun bears, serow, golden cats, and many of other protected and endangered faunal and floral species also inhabit these forests, withat least of 24 mammal species found in the Batang Toru forests protected under Indonesian law (PP. 7 1999). Besides some highly endangered large mammals, the extremely rare legless lizard (Dopasia wegneri) has twice been observed in the Batang Toru Forest Complex, and collected in the SOL area during SOL/YEL biodiversity surveys, whereas this species was only known from a type specimen collected in the 1950s in the Padang highlands.

Sarulla Operations Ltd contracted Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari (YEL) to conduct socialization of the biodiversity value of these rich forests among communities living adjacent to their main project sites in Pahae Julu and Pahae Jae District (Kecamatan) of the North Tapanuli District (Kabupaten). After an initial preparation and consultation phase in March 2015, the full programme began in April 2015.

Between the 23rd of April and 10th of July 2015, biodiversity socialization was carried during 11 separate events in Pahae Julu District, with a total of 506 local community participants (519 including non-community participants) representing 27 hamlets (dusun) from 7 villages. Between 13th September and 18th October, the socialization was carried in Pahae Jae District, with a total of 496 local community participants, representing 22 hamlets from 4 villages. A total of 1,002 community members participated in socialization, focussed around the SOL project sites. Over 58% of all community participants were women.

Each socialization event consisted of introductions, a presentation of the location, status and biodiversity values of the Batang Toru Forests (Harangan Tapanuli), followed by the showing of a 15 minute film about the area. There was then an open question and answer, and discussion section. Finally, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire intended to obtain more in-depth information regarding important socio-economic issues and attitudes. Over half the participants completed the questionnaire (536 out of 1,002 participants).

From the results of the discussions, the following community issues and concerns were raised: • The problem of crop raiding by wild animals; • Agricultural problems, in particular lack of access to agricultural extension services to help with issues such as site specific land conditions/suitability; the poor quality and distance to farmland; the lack of an agricultural school in the area; lack of capital to invest in better agricultural practices; low prices for agricultural products, especially "kemenyan"; • Lack of clear boundary demarcation between state forest lands and community farmlands; • Lack of irrigation systems; and uneven distribution of fertilizer subsidies; • Lack of access to clean water and toilet facilities; pollution of waterways as a result of the company's activities, with a request to conduct regular water and air quality monitoring; • Lack of socialization by the company of its activities.

The questionnaire survey provided a wealth of information on basic demographics: age, sex, religion, occupation and land ownership, as well as information on village/adat institutions, extension programmes, management of agricultural land, and forest use. Finally it also provided information on people's knowledge of, and attitudes toward, state forest lands, including conservation.

iii

REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY SOCIALIZATION IN PAHAE JULU AND PAHAE JAE DISTRICTS, NORTH TAPANULI, 2015

I. Background Indonesia is located in the tropics and blessed with a highly diverse biodiversity. It consists of more than 17,000 islands and stretches 3,977 miles from the Indian to the Pacific Ocean. The Indonesian archipelago has 1.922.570 km² of land area and 3,257,483 km² waters (Wikipedia, 2013).

Although it covers only 1.3% of the land area of the world, Indonesia has about 17% of the species in the world (over 5 million). Exact figures of most taxonomic groups is difficult to obtain, but at a minimum Indonesia is estimated to have 11% of the species of known flowering plants (about 30,000), 12% mammals (approximately 800), 15% amphibians and reptiles (3,500), and at least 37% of the fish species in the world (8,500) (Office of the Minister for Population and Environment of the Republic of Indonesia, 1994).

This abundant biodiversity is also represented in other groups of taxa that have been studied intensively, for example 666 species of dragonflies and 122 species of butterflies (both groups are more diverse than in other countries; WCMC, 1991). However, the numbers of species in Indonesia, especially invertebrates and microorganisms are still estimated figures. This biodiversity means Indonesia is recognized as a mega-biodiversity country, and one of the biodiversity centers in the world (Papilov Center). The biodiversity found in Indonesia varies according to each island and the region, each of which has its own characteristic of flora and fauna.

North Tapanuli is one of highland districts in North Sumatra Province. Because much of the district is rugged mountainous terrain, some significant areas of forest are still found North Tapanuli. Currently, the designated forest area of North Tapanuli District is approximately 268,281 hectares, or nearly 70% of the total area of land. This forest area consists of production forest, protected forest, and conservation forest (North Tapanuli BPS, 2013).

Fig (1). Map of Harangan Tapanuli area

North Tapanuli has highly diverse vegetation due to its hilly and steep topography. The main vegetation types are lowland to sub-montane rain forests. The vegetation is dominated by trees from the families Dipterocarpaceae, Sapotaceae, Lauraceae and Theaceae, with common local species including Aturmangan (Casuarina sp); Mayang (Palaquium sp); Meranti (Shorea sp); Medang (Cinnamomum sp); and Puspa (Schima walichii). Various types of orchids, tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.), and even distinctive and unique plants like Rafflesia and Amorphophallus can be found here.

A large variety of mammals, including the critically endangered species such as Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), Pangolin (Manis javanica), and several other rare species like the tapir (Tapirus indicus), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), and some 310+ species of birds are also found in the Batang Toru forest complex. Besides having rich biodiversity, the forests in North Tapanuli District also play a key role as water catchment areas.

Fig (2). Flora of Harangan Tapanuli

With some 134,000 hectares, the Tapanuli Forests lie between latitudes 1.490° - 1.993° and longitudes 98.815°- 99.314°, straddling 3 districts, i.e. North Tapanuli, Central Tapanuli and South Tapanuli. The forest is divided into two blocks, the East Block and West Block, separated by Sarulla Valley where the Batang Toru river flows. A number of national and international conservation organizations have collaborated in focusing on this area for conservation.

One of the serious threats to the preservation of biological resources in this area comes from human activities which are related to land use management, deforestation for agricultural expansion, hunting and other forms of exploitation. The Tapanuli Forests have an important water catchment role, preventing floods, erosion and landslides in surrounding areas and protection of the 10 watersheds and sub- watersheds in Tapanuli.

Fig 3. Fauna of Harangan Tapanuli

Harangan Tapanuli (the Tapanuli Forests) is the largest remaining forest area in North Tapanuli. It has other forest areas, i.e. the area of Ginjang Dolok, Dolok Martimbang, Dolok Saut-Sulungan Nature Reserve, Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve and Sijaba Hutaginjang Nature Park.

The Tapanuli Forests (Harangan Tapanuli) are home to high levels of biodiversity which include endangered and endemic flora and fauna, therefore it was considered important to socialize this biodiversity to surrounding communities living around the forest near the PT SOL geothermal plant development. This socialization programme aimed to give an overview to the communities about the forest functions and the flora and fauna found within these forests, how to maintain ecosystem balance, and to minimize the exploitation of forest products on a large scale.

Much of the biodiversity of the Tapanuli forests play an important role in supporting the communities in North Tapanuli. People make use of it to fulfill their basic needs like food, building materials and various health products. Another utilization of the biodiversity components is in the form of environmental services. The composition of the vegetation and animals’ population in an environment plays a significant role in regulating the physical state of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, sequestering CO2, hydrology, and soil fertility. Being able to renew itself, biological resources can be utilized to ensure the national sustainability (Sastrapradja, et al., 1989).

Currently, biodiversity and the natural environmental integrity in North Tapanuli is being degraded. One of the causes of environmental destruction is the excessive use of natural resources such as deforestation and poaching.

The Purpose of Biodiversity Socialization

-‐ Build community awareness related to the importance of biodiversity, the conservational values of the habitat and species in Tapanuli Forest, especially Batang Toru Forest; -‐ Gather information related to environmental issues in the area; -‐ Collecting information in order to get solutions towards the key issues, which threaten biodiversity in Tapanuli Forest (i.e. illegal logging, poaching).

II. The Coverage of Socialization Biodiversity Socialization Program is intended to raise awareness of local communities in the villages in Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu sub-districts, near SOL Project around Tapanuli Forest. This activity is devoted to biodiversity, conservation value of habitats and species, and environmental sensitivity in the Batang Toru Forest as a precondition of the sustainability of nature conservation in the area around SOL project site, to ensure that the communities are aware of the rules regarding conservation of natural resources and the environment, especially related to particular activities like illegal logging and poaching protected species, as well as an understanding of the new area of North Sumatra allocated as forest estate, according to Minister of Forestry Decree 579 of 2014.

III. Methodology/Socialization Stages 1. Opening ceremony involving the YEL socialization team, villagers, and local stakeholders; speeches given by the village chief and introduction of socialization team members; 2. Presentations: overview of conditions, imaging, and geographical location of Batang Toru Forest, the geographical position of Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu sub- districts and villages around it. Presentation of biodiversity and the potential 8

threats in Batang Toru Forest. Presentation of results of previous socio-economic surveys. Presentation of the public perception regarding the benefits and function of forest according to socio-economic survey, issues related to Batang Toru Forest, their perception related to daily lives and livelihoods, the major problems the society facing in the cultivation (economic level), poaching and illegal logging, and use of forest. 3. Documentary screening: Playing a documentary about the Batang Toru Forest, showing its environmental services and biodiversity. 4. Discussion, and Questions & Anwsers: Discussion and Questions & Answers associated with the information and issues related to forests, during this session open interaction with the community was built. And discussions to seek solutions to problems faced by the community. 5. Questionnaire: The questionnaire containing questions to gather detailed data of villagers (name, address, family size, occupation, age, religion, land ownership, etc.) as well as to obtain information related to problems and constraints faced by villagers especially towards forest and agriculture. Gather information from the villagers related to hunting and logging activities in the forest, what would they need as an alternative to halt hunting and logging activities, in order to improve standards of living. This questionnaire is also meant to collect information about what activities are conducted by government agencies and institutions relating to community training, empowerment, and infrastructure development. This information will give a better understanding for development of future programmes and their implementation in order to meet the needs of people living in villages bordering these forest. 6. Closing of socialization event: The socialization events are ended with words of thanks by the socialization team, closing remarks by the head of the village, and the representatives of the community leaders.

IV. Socialization Team Member of the socialization team were staff of Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari (YEL), Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH) of North Tapanuli, and Dinas Kehutanan of North Tapanuli.

V. Socialization Location

Overview of North Tapanuli

North Tapanuli is one of the Districts in the Province of North Sumatra located at an altitude between 300 -1800 meters above sea level. Based on the topography and land contours this area has characteristics of undulating and hilly terrain, and is part of the Bukit Barisan Mountains. As one of the areas in the highlands, North Tapanuli has potential for the development of horticulture crops. Its total population in 2013 was 287,166 people. The majority of the population are Toba Bataks, and Christianity is the dominant religion.

Geographically, North Tapanuli located at 1º 20' 00"- 2º 41' 00" North Latitude and 98º 05"-99º16" East Longitude. With an area of 3800 km² consisting of 3793 km² land and 6.6 km² water, located in a strategic region between the mountains and surrounded by hills, valleys, rivers and part of Toba Lakes, environmental damage is the biggest problem the area is facing today due to exploration of natural resources to meet the needs of society, without regard for the preservation of nature, resulting damage to ecosystems and disruption of ecological functions.

Among 15 districts in North Tapanuli, Garoga District has the largest area of approximately 567.58 km2 and Muara is the smallest district of approximately only 79.75 km2.

Nominal Area Number District District Capital Desa Kelurahan (km2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Parmonangan Parmonangan 14 - 257.35 2 Adiankoting Adiankoting 16 - 502.90 3 Sipoholon Sipoholon 13 1 189.20 4 Tarutung Tarutung 24 7 107.68 5 Siatas Barita Siatas Barita 12 0 92.92 6 Pahae Julu Onan Hasang 18 1 165.90 7 Pahae Jae Sarulla 12 1 203.20 8 Purbatua Parsaoran Janji 11 - 191.80 Angkola 9 Simangumban Simangumban 8 - 150.00 10 Pangaribuan Pangaribuan 26 - 459.25 11 Garoga Garoga 13 - 567.58 12 Sipahutar Sipahutar 25 - 408.22 13 Siborongborong Siborongborong 20 1 279.91 14 Pagaran Sipultak 14 - 138.05 15 Muara Muara 15 - 79.75 North Tapanuli Tarutung 241 11 3,793.71 Table 1: Size Region in North Tapanuli According to the District Official in 2013

Administratively, North Tapanuli surrounded by five (5) residencies with boundaries as follows:

- North side : Toba Samosir District

- East side : Noth Labuhan Batu District

- South side : South Tapanuli District

- West side : Humbang Hasundutan and Central Tapanuli District

North Tapanuli District, especially the forest area (known as Harangan Tapanuli by locals) needs serious attention because: It is upstream of at least 10 watershed/sub- watersheds which play important roles for industry, agriculture, farming and household needs in three residencies in Tapanuli; it covers some 134,000 ha of primary forest, home of rich biodiversity and endangered species such as orangutans, tigers, tapirs and many others.

People’s lack of awareness of sustainable environmental management is leading to environment damages, i.e. irresponsible land clearing, forest fires and poaching all of which decrease the quality of biodiversity (ecosystem, species and genetic), 11

destruction of wildlife habitat, disturbing the balance of the ecosystem (flora, fauna and microbes), erosion, floods, landslides, and the erosion of the watershed.

The agricultural sector in North Tapanuli District is dominated by food crops including rice plants, cash crops and horticulture. For rice and other crops, rice has the largest harvested area covering 27,767 ha and another 9,328 ha of cash crops. As for vegetables, chili has the largest harvested area of 1,092 ha. The vast majority of plantations in North Tapanuli are owned by smallholders. Two types of biggest plantation commodities in North Tapanuli is Benzoin resin and Arabica coffee. There are 16,127.50 hectares of Benzoin resin traditional plantations in the highlands or mountain with agroforestry plantation system. These are planted between the trees and no particular agricultural treatment such as fertilizers and pesticides usage, and it grow naturally among surrounding forest trees. Arabica coffee plantation are second largest with 13,980.50 hectares, which are mostly located in the highlands with an altitude above 1000 to 1400 m above sea level. Other plantation commodities in lower topography are rubber and cocoa.

The development of North Tapanuli administrative area follows the dynamics of social and economic life and politics in Indonesia. By the end of the year 2013, the administrative government of North Tapanuli District consists of 15 sub-districts, 11 villages (kelurahan) and 241 villages (desa).

Fig (4). Map of North Tapanuli Administration

Fig (5). Size of Sub-Districts in North Tapanuli

Pahae Julu Sub-District (Kecamatan)

Pahae Julu is one sub-district located in North Tapanuli District, its size is approximately 165.90 kilometers square, located between 500 to 1.500 meters above the sea level. The territory borders with:

- In the north with Tarutung sub-district and Siatas Banta,

- In the south with Pahae Jae sub-district,

- In the west with Adian Koting sub-district, and,

- In the east with Pangaribuan sub-district.

For North Tapanuli District, socialization of biodiversity is carried out in the village:

1. Simataniari

2. Lumba Jaean

3. Sibaganding

4. Simanampang

5. Lumban Gaol

6. Lumban Tonga

7. Lumban Lumban Garaga

Fig (6). Map of Pahae Julu Sub-District

Pahae Jae Sub-District

Pahae Jae is one of sub-district in North Tapanuli, its size is about 203.20 kilometers square. Located between 500 to 1.500 meters above the sea level. This district borders with

- In the north with Pangaribuan Sub-District,

- In the south with Purbatua Sub-District,

- In the west with Pahae Julu Sub-District

- In the east with Simangumban Sub-District.

For Pahae Jae, socialization of biodiversity conducted in four villages, they are: 14

1. Sigurung Gurung

2. Siopat Bahal

3. Parsaoran Nainggolan

4. Pardomuan Nainggolan

Fig (7). Map of Pahae Jae sub-District

SOCIALIZATION PREPARATION

1. Pre-Socialization

A. Materials and Equipment Preparation

Several materials, such as brochures, leaflets, posters and stickers, were prepared for distribution to the communities during the socialization event. A documentary about the Batang Toru Forest complex/Harangan Tapanuli was prepared, as were all necessary equipment for the socialization event, such as a laptop, LCD, screen, etc..

Presentation/information materials were prepared in powerpoint to be delivered during the socialization. These presentation materials were about the importance of environmental services and conserving the Batang Toru Forests, biodiversity, and protected species. The materials also presented results of previous socio-economic surveys in the same general area. Data results from previous questionnaires were also analysed. Relevant information was collected about all villages, traditional forestclaims, community forest, and changes of forest area status [from SK 44 Forestry Ministry to No. 579 year 2014], including all relevant regulations about forest management at different levels.

Preparing questionnaires. Questionnaires were designed to collect information related to forest issues, problems faced by rural communities related to forestry and agriculture, questions related to the activities of hunting and taking wood from the forest. In addition, the questionnaire was aimed to explore things that are needed by the community as alternatives to not carrying out activities that are deemed negative towards biodiversity conservation. Questions were also posed about activities that can support the community, livelihoods, and economics. Exploring information about community empowerment, what has been done by whom in the past, and what can be done in the future. Information was collected regarding activities of government agencies and other institutions, which have specifically implemented community development activities. Collecting information about the needs of people in the villages directly bordering the forest, as well as the difficulties concerning implementation of programmes in the village, such as construction of rural

infrastructure facilities implemented by the government institution and other community empowerment agencies.

B. Preparations: Coordination to obtain recommendations for the biodiversity socialization activities from the Forestry and Environmental Departments

Before socialization implementation, YEL submitted a request to the local Forestry Department for a recommendation supporting the biodiversity socialization activities to be carried out in Pahae Jae and Pahae Julu sub-districts. From the sub-district head (Camat) recommendation letters were issued to notify each village that there would be some socialization activities carried out by YEL and team. Coordination for these recommendation letters was carried out on March 3-4, 2015.

Fig (8) Coordination with Head of Forestry in Fig (9) Coordination for socialization North Tapanuli District for socialization recommendation planning

C. Field surveys to assess local conditions, accessibility of villages and location of socialization.

Fig (10) Coordination visit for socialization Fig (11) Coordination visit for socialization planning in Simataniari Village planning in Sibaganding Village

D. Socialization Team

Meetings for the establishment of the socialization team were held on April 17, 2015 at the Forestry Dept office. These meetings were carried out after the recommendation letter was received.

Fig (12) Coordination about preparation of Fig (13) Biodiversity socialization team from presentation materials for biodiversity YEL, North Tapanuli including Environmental socialization Dept and Forestry.

E. Preparation of socialization schedule

Preparation of detailed schedules for the socialization in each village or hamlet were coordinated by the socialization team with each village head, where socialization will be implemented.

F. Implementation of Socialization

a. Socialization in Pahae Julu District

Socialization activities in Pahae Julu District were implemented on the following dates:

ñ Friday, April 23, 2015 Meeting was held in the Simanampang Village and was attended by 28 people from Huta Mobi Hamlet and Simanampang 1 Hamlet.

ñ Saturday, April 25, 2015 Meeting was held in the Simanampang Village and was attended by 37 people from Huta Simanampang 2 Hamlet, Habinsaran Huta Hamlet, and Huta Bagasan Hamlet.

ñ Sunday, April 26, 2015 Meeting was held in Lumban Tonga Village and was attended by 30 people from Tara Bunga Hamlet, Lambung Godung Hamlet, Huta Bakkudu Hamelt and Lumban Tonga Hamlet.

ñ Sunday, May 3, 2015 Meeting was held in Lumban Gaol Village Banggu Hamlet and was attended by 44 people from the Banggu Hamlet, Lumban Gaol and Nahornop.

ñ Sunday, May 10, 2015 Meeting was held in Lumban Gaol Village Nahornop Hamlet and was attended by 74 people from the Huta Banggu Hamlet, Lumban Gaol, Parnagotan and Nahornop

ñ Saturday, May 23, 2015 First meeting was held in Simataniari Village Huta Julu Hamlet and was attended by 54 people.

ñ Sunday, May 24, 2015 19

Second meeting was held in Simataniari village Huta Buntul hamlet and Huta Bagasan, and was attended 24 people.

ñ Sunday, June 7, 2015 Meeting was held in Lumban Jaean Village and was attended by 24 community representatives from Jaean Hamlet, Julu-Jae and Julu-Julu.

ñ Sunday, June 14, 2015 Meeting was held in Sibaganding Village and was attended by 64 people from Sibaganding I Hamlet, Sibaganding II, and Sibaganding III.

ñ Thursday, July 9, 2015 Meeting was held in Lumban Garaga Village, Lumban Garaga Tonga Hamlet and Janji Sahata Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 45 people.

ñ Friday, July 10, 2015 Meeting was held in Lumban Garaga Village, Huta Mula-mula Hamlet and Huta Parjae Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 82 people.

b. Socialization in Pahae Jae District

ñ Sunday, September 13, 2015 First meeting was held in Parsaoran Nainggolan Village, Lumban Garaga Sarulla Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 38 people from Lumban Garaga Sarulla Hamlet and Parsaoran.

ñ Monday, September 14, 2015 Second meeting was held in Parsaoran Nainggolan Village, Sait Ni Huta II Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 76 people from various hamlets.

ñ Sunday, September 20, 2015 Meeting was held in Siopat Bahal, Sirian-ria hamlet. The meeting was attended by 39 people from various hamlets.

ñ Sunday, September 27, 2015

First meeting held in Sigurung-Gurung Village, Huta Bagasan Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 34 people from various hamlets.

ñ Monday, September 28, 2015 Second meeting held in Sigurung-Gurung Village, Huta Patar Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 68 people from various hamlets.

ñ Friday, October 17, 2015 Meeting was held in Pardomuan Nainggolan Village, Joro Onan Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 88 people from various hamlets.

ñ Saturday, October 18, 2015 - Meeting was held in Siopat Bahal Village, Tano Bato Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 52 people from various hamlets. - Meeting was held in Pardomuan Nainggolan Village, Pakkat Hamlet. The meeting was attended by 101 people from various hamlets.

Location Map of Harangan Tapanuli Biodiversity Socialization Meeting

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Respondents Data

Age

In total 536 community members filled in questionnaires during the socialization events carried out in 11 villages in Pahae Julu and Pahae Jae sub-districts. These 536 people were grouped into 5 age categories.

Chart 1. Age Categories of Biodiversity Socialization Participants The graph above shows that the majority of the socialization participants were aged 46-60 years (38%), and 34% of respondents aged 31-45 years, 13% aged of 61-75 years, 12% between 16-30 years old and the smallest number is at age > 75 years (2%).

Gender

The socialization activities were attended with a small majority of women (58.6%) This difference can be seen from the Chart 2 below, in Pahae Julu approximately 57.7% women and 42.3% men. While in Pahae Jae, 59.7% women and 40,3% men.

Chart 2. Attendance Frequency of Socialization Participants by Gender

Generally, the difference in attendance between gender seemed to be the result of the level of curiosity and interest of women. Usually in the evenings, the men would gather at small coffee shops.

Ethnic, religion, education level

North Tapanuli has a relatively homogeneous society both in terms of ethnicity and religion. The majority of the people are Batak Toba, and are Christian. A small minority adhere to Islam.

Chart 3. Different religious affiliations of the communities in Pahae The Chart 3 above shows that there are about 9 main religious Protestant Christian affiliations [churches]. However, the majority of Protestant Christians who joined the biodiversity socialization are members of the Huria Kristen Batak Protestan, followed by Gereja Kristen Protestan Indonesia (GKPI), Indonesian Pentecostal Revival (IPR), 24

Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia (GPDI) and others. Only 1.5% of community members are Muslim.

Level of education

The level of people education in two sub-districts socialization target is generally similar. Overall some 42.7% had graduated high school level, followed by junior high school graduation (28%), primary school (21.1%), and with 2.1% finished higher education [i.e. university].

DISTRICTS EDUCATION Pahae Julu Pahae Jae Overall No formal education 2.1% 3.5% 2.8% Did not complete primary 3.2% 3.5% 3.4% school Primary School 25.6% 16.1% 21.1% Junior High School 29.9% 26.0% 28.0% High School 36.7% 49.2% 42.7% University 2.5% 1.6% 2.1% TOTAL 100 % 100 % 100 % Table 1. Education Level of Socialization Participants

Nonetheless, Table 1 above shows that in both districts there are still people who never attended school (2.8%) or did not complete primary school (3.4%). In general, people who never attended school or did not finish primary school are elderly people.

Respondents’ livelihood

Generally, people in North Tapanuli rely on agriculture, and the local government programmes are aimed at developing North Tapanuli as an agricultural 'hub'. Most agricultural areas are in the valleys, where irrigation is easier.

Charts (4) and (5) above shows that about 88,6% of the people Pahae Julu and Pahae Jae are dependent on agriculture. 3.6% are government employees, 3.2% are self- employed. Some people (approx. 22%) supplement their income by seeking secondary income sources (see Chart (5)), but most people do not have side jobs (77.31%).

Chart (4). People’s Primary Employment

Chart (5). People Secondary Employment

Community Institutions

Community empowerment institutions can be useful in assisting local communities with certain developments. Based on questionnaires results and information from the community members, there are quite large differences in the existence of such community institutions in the 2 sub-districts of Pahae.

Chart (6). Institutional Presence in the village

Chart (6) above shows that 39.4% people in Pahae Julu thought that community institutions exists in their village. While in Pahae Jae 72.8% of villagers said there are such institutions. This large difference might be caused by the fact that people in Pahae Julu felt that there was no outreach from the institution, or that their programmes do not meet with people needs, and that few villagers participated in activities carried out by that institution. The majority are non-formal institutions.

The following Chart (7) depicts some institutions in the villages. Most people in the village said that there are National Program for Community Empowerment (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Mandiri or PNPM) and farmer groups. There was also the Corporate Social Responsibility programme of PT SOL, the Empowerment Family Welfare (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga or PKK), some local NGOs, and the Forum for Empowerment of Development Organization (Lembaga Forum Peduli Pemberdayaan Pembangunan or LFP3), specifically in Pahae Julu.

Chart (7). Organization/Institution Existing in the Villages

The program of each institution can be seen in the Chart (8) below, with intensity amount and focus of the programmes differing in each sub-district. The programmes in Pahae Julu sub-district, according to the community members focus on -) empowerment of the community (25.9%), -) road construction (23.5%), -) PLTPB (geothermal electricity 18.8%), -) drinking water (14.1%), -) savings and loans (10.6%), -) irrigation (8.2%), improvement of women skills (5.9%).

Chart (8). Programmes of the Institution in the villages

Meanwhile in Pahae Julu the programs that exist in their area focus on agriculture (46.7%), savings and loans (18.3%), irrigation (17.2%), community development (8.3%), PLTPB (Power Geothermal Energy) 5%, road construction (3.9%), free fertilizer (2.22%).

B.2 Public Perceptions of Utility of Empowerment Programmes in the Village

Public perception in Pahae Julu District and Pahae Jae about the most suitable and useful empowerment program in the village is similar, albeit with some notable differences.

Chart (9). Public Perception about Useful Empowerment Programmes in the Villages 30

Chart (9) above shows that in Pahae Julu District, the most needed programs at the moment is the need for irrigation program (18.1%). Next useful programmes are multi-sectoral training (17.3%), training in savings, loans and agriculture (15.8%), irrigation and infrastructure development (7.1%) and others. In Pahae Jae, there was a very strong desire (over 50%) for Agricultural Schooling (Sekolah Pertanian)

Chart (10). Community Experience with Training

The majority of people in Pahae Julu (83.6%) and Pahae Jae (69.8%) said that they had never attended any training.

Chart (11). Training Attended by community members

People in Pahae Julu said that they never attended agricultural training conducted by a field extension trainer. The most attended training was on agricultural issues was provided by district government (26.1%) and agricultural training from the Dept of Agriculture (21.7%), PNPM (19.6%), and improvement of skills provided by the PKK women’s group (17.4%) and 2.8% attended safety training provided by Haliburton, and Health training provided by the Village Maternity Clinic (Polindes). In Pahe Julu 52.2% of community members joined agricultural training, training provided by PNPM (20.3%), agricultural training from the Dept of Agriculture (14.5%), Kader Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (KPMD) training (4.4%), agricultural training from district (2.9%) and 1.4% for PKK vocational training, health, education training.

Land Management and Ownership

Cultivated land in Pahae Julu is mostly land owned by the family (36.1%) or personally (29.6%). This land has usually been held for generations. About 25.4% of respondents rented land, while only 8.9% stated that they did not have any land under cultivation: see Chart (12) below.

Chart (12). Society Land Ownership

In Pahae Jae, most respondents owned their cultivated land (33.1%), or cultivated family lands (31.5%). Nearly a quarter of respondents (24.4%) rented land, while 11.0% did not have any cultivated land. 32

Chart (13) Land Ownership

For the vast majority of cultivated lands (86.7%), there is no land ownership certificate: see Chart (13) above. Based on anecdotal information from communities, the land they manage is based on written statements from the elders of the village and the communal knowledge of history of land use.

Of the total number of respondents, 63 people had some form of land certificate. These certificates seem to have been legalized by various agencies/people. Chart (14) below shows that, of the 35 people with certificates in Pahae Julu, 25 had a letter of land ownership from the Head of Village, only 7 people had certificates from BPN (National Land Agency), and 3 people have letters of ownership 'legalized' by the sub-district administration.

Chart (14). Legalized Letter of Land Ownership

In Pahae Jae, 25 people claimed to hold letters from the sub-district administration legalizing their land, and only 3 respondents had land certificates from the National Land Agency (BPN).

Chart (15). Community members stating they have opened up forest land for farming in the last 5 years Chart (15) above, shows that only 6.4% of people stated they cleared forested land for farming in the last 5 years. On the one hand this means that there is still some clearance of forest, but may be a significant reduction in previous levels of clearance of forested lands.

It is possible that the arrival of various companies in these remoter districts/villages has reduced pressure to clear forested lands by providing communities with alternative employment and income opportunities.

Community Knowledge about State Forest Lands

Chart (16) and (17). Community Knowledge about Forest Boundaries and State Forest Border Markers near villages.

Local community knowledge about national forest estate and land use boundaries and boundary markers for these is minimal. The vast majority of community members (above 95%) in both in Pahae Julu and Pahae Jae claim to be unaware of both these.

Chart (18) and (19). Forest Border Markers and Information Source for Forest Area markers

Of 14 respondents that did know of boundary markers, 10 reported that the boundary markers were pillars, and 4 reported pegs: see Chart (18). Chart (19) indicates that people knew that these were forest border markers from relatives (6), the local Forestry Office (Dinas Kehutanan) (4), the head of the village and community leaders (each 2).

Unfortunately, according to local people, information from the relevant government agencies about changes in spatial extent and status of forests is not well socialized to the general public. Chart (20) below shows that the almost all respondents had never known any government activity socialization of changes in spatial extent and status of forest (98.32%). This is surprising given the importance of local community “buy-in” for maintaining forest areas.

Chart (20). Information about Socialization of Spatial Extent and Status of Forest

Community Knowledge about Forest Clasification

Communities also know very little about forest classifications such as community forests (Hutan Kemasyarakatan), Village Forest (Hutan Desa), Traditional Forest (Hutan Adat), Protected Forest (Hutan Lindung) and Production Forest/Limited Production Forest (Hutan Produksi/ Produksi Terbatas). Chart (21) shows the proportion of respondents that had heard of each forest class.

Chart (21). Community Knowledge about Forest Classification Most respondents claimed that filling out the questionnaire was the first time that they had heard of several different forest classes. Respondents stated that the government was not transparent and open with information, and that it should conduct more socialization to communities in the future.

Chart (22). Perception about Land Status Overlap and Suggested Solution

Most respondent (94.15%) claimed there were no overlaps between state forest lands and people’s farmlands. For the few people that did claim this overlap existed, the proposed solution was better socialization of boundaries by the government to communities, and better demarcation of lands.

Chart (23). Should Community Lands and State Forests be mapped out collaboratively?

Chart (23) above shows that 82.82% of people feel community lands and state forests should be mapped collaboratively to clarify which is which.

Chart (24) and (25). Perception about Threats to Forests

According to over ¾ of respondents (75.19 %), forests in their area are threatened, with only 24.81 % claiming that the forest is not threatened. Based on the respondents’ answers, the greatest threat comes from illegal logging (59.40 %), followed by land clearing by the SOL company (35.84 %), hunting (10.03 %), mining exploration (8.02%), opening up of too much farmland and pollution (2.51%), and mega-projects (0.75%) as shown Chart (25),

Chart (26), (27) and (28). Traditional Natural Resource Management Systems

Traditional natural resource management systems are much discussed, but such systems are eroded over time, and this appears to be the case in these areas. Of the respondents in the Pahae Julu and Pahae Jae Districts, Chart (26), 91.51% said that there are no traditional natural resource management regulations in their villages with only 8.49 % said that they still have these.

Where people claimed these regulations existed, most pertained to the banning of poisons for catching fish, with only 4 claiming there was a system of joint forest management (Kongsi Saur Matua or KSM) (see Chart (28)). People who violate these provisions it will be fined as much as 5 times of what was taken (Chart (27)).

Societies Perseption about Environmental Conservation Efforts

Environmental damage can be caused by natural disasters or by human activities, such as excessive hunting and illegal logging. Respondents were asked what programs could reduce illegal activities in forests (such as hunting of

protected species and illegal logging (charts 29 and 30).

Chart (29) and (30). Activities that can reduce forest destruction activity

To reduce the hunting of protected species, the programmes most recommended by the respondents were (Chart (29)): - Training in preventing pest animals from damaging crops (37.8%) - Socialization by the local forestry office (Dinas Kehutanan) (25.9%) - Improved law enforcement (18.5%)

Other suggested programmes were: • Make village-level regulations;

• Aid with Livestock and Fisheries; • Joint supervision by communities and government; • Make and display pamphlet of the applicable rules; • Support with capital funding; • Job creation; • Confiscation of firearms; • Post forestry police in every village; • Create wildlife reserve.

Suggested programmes to reduce illegal logging (see Chart (30)), included: - Socialization by the Forestry Office (Dinas Kehutanan) (20.64%) - Law Enforcement (20.45%)

Other suggested programmes included: • Intensive supervision by Dinas Kehutanan; • Multi-Sector Socialization; • Increased support for agriculture; • Make boundary of protected state forest and community forest; • Make village regulations; • Support small and medium enterprises (UKM) and capital community; • Provision of agriculture equipment; • Reforestation; • Clean water; • Open job opportunities; • Support farmers with horticulture seeds; • Make pamphlet about the applicable rules; • Rejuventation of rubber and cacao plantations; • Improve irrigation and fisheries; • Raise market prices; • Revoke licences of timber concessions.

CONCLUSION

Problems in Villages and Reccomendations

Based on the discussions during the socialization activities, there are several problems that are common to most villages. For Pahae, the most common problems were: - Crop raiding and damage by wild animals The animals most commonly entering agricultural lands were monkeys [macaques] and these are regarded as pests. Due to lack of socialization and effective humane solutions, the animals are often hunted. One of the causes of crop raiding is due to the fact that animal habitat is already disturbed and reduced. Additionally, edible crops are planted next to the forest without any unpalatable buffer in between. A serious study/investigation needs to be carried out on the most effective humane way to reduce crop raiding by primates [electric fences, other humane deterrents].

- Agricultural Systems Uneven time of planting rice (not simulationeus by whole community), whereas community believes that if all would plant at the same time, agricultural losses would be reduced. Information needed about how to apply farming based on contours/topography.

- Kemenyan Cultivation System Abandoned This is due to declining prices, and it takes long time before a tree is ready to harvest. Also, according to community, they need training about frankincense rejuvenation in order to produce frankincense with better quality and quantity.

- Distance of agriculture lands are far and not in good condition It takes a lot of time to get to some agricultural lands due to bad road access, which impacts other house activities.

- Too litte money to manage agricultural lands

Lack of capital to properly manage agricultural land, such as purchase of good seeds, fertilizer, and equipment.

- Lack of Agriculture Training School People who live near the forest have less knowledge of how to grow crops. For example, people do not know how to anticipate/cope with plant diseases, or how to increase the quantity of their crops. Government programs sometimes do not reach all the people in the village and many communities requested an agriculture training school in their village.

- No Mapping, Boundary of Forest State and Community Land According to the community in Pahae, socialization related to forest boundaries is never done in their village. And most people are confused with the meaning of protection forest, production forest, village forest, indigenous forest, and other such terminology. Government should be proactive and provide such information to community, so that negative activities can minimized.

- Lack of socialization from various institutions and low community skills Socialization activities and enhancing communty skills are needed to improve quality of community’s life. People complained that such activities hardly ever reach them.

- The start of mining exploration activities Based on information from the communities, around the villages mining exploration activities have started. Some concrete markers have been placed by the company with people not understanding what these are for. Some people fear unwanted things might happen. No socialization about these mining activity has been provided to the community. Some people fear it will lead to forest and environmental destruction.

- Low selling price of agricultural products The community is often disappointed with the selling price of agricultural products. The cost of land management is not in balance with the selling price

(higher expenses than profit from selling products). People state they have losses, and hope the government could make a policy to stabilize market prices.

- Bad Irrigation Systems Irrigation systems in the village are not good, affecting water supply to their agricultural land. When water supply is reduced/low, drought affects the agricultural yields. Communities want the irrigation system in their village maintained/repaired.

- Fertilizer subsidies are not handed out evenly The government has a subsidized fertilizer programme but it seems fertilizer distribution is not done fairly and some farmers have not received it. This created jealousies and monitoring or supervision of the distribution is needed.

- Availability of clean water and sanitation Although the community lives in the vicinity of the forest/mountains, they do not all have ample access to clean water. Toilets are rare and people mostly use the river as toilet. People hope for improvement of sanitation such as toilets in the village and storage facilities for clean water.

- Quality of the village has worsened Community living near the river said that the water in their area ia getting dirtier (cloudy). In their opinion this is caused by the companies activities around them such as waste disposal, run off. It is felt it is necessary to test the water quality. People have also requested air quality testing and and checking of waste disposal by the companies.

WRITTEN BY :

SOCIALIZATION TEAM

Field Manager Tapanuli Programme Coordinator Socialization

(Burhanuddin, S.Sos., MSP) (Friska Hutasoit, S.Hut)

APPROVED BY : Coordinator of Tapanuli Programme

(Gabriella Fredriksson, PhD)

APPENDIX Documentation

Fig (a)dan (b) : Coordination with the head of village to arrange the socialization schedule

Fig (c) : Coordination with Dinas Kehutanan and Kantor Lingkungan Hidup of North Tapanuli District Fig (d) : Condition in village during the meeting

Fig (f) : Socialization by Dinas Kehutanan Fig (e) : Opening at meeting in Simanampang Village

Fig (g) : Socialization by Kantor Lingkungan Hidup (KLH) in Lumban Tonga Village Fig (f) : Socialization by YEL

Fig (h) : Discussion activity after the socialization Fig (g) : Assistance to fill out the questionnaires

Fig (j) : Socialization at 1st Meeting Lumban Fig (i) : 1st Meeting in Lumban Gaol Village Gaol

Fig (k) : Filling out the questionnaires by community

Fig (l) : 1st Discussion with community in t Lumban Gaol

Fig (m) : 2nd Meeting II in desa Lumban Gaol Fig (n) : Presenting socialization

Fig (p) : Discussion at 2nd meeting with community Fig (o) : Filling out the questionnaires in Lumban Gaol

nd st Fig (j) : 2 Meeting in Simataniari Village, Huta Fig (i) : 1 Meeting in Simataniari Village, Buntul Hamlet dan Huta Bagasan Huta Julu Hamlet

Fig (l) : Filling out the questionnaires Fig (k) : Opening speech from DPRD Taput Komisi C, Bpk. Novada

Fig

(m) : Socialization to the community by YEL and Environmental Officers in Simataniari Village

Fig (n) : Discussion Session at Simataniari Village

Fig (a) : The meeting opening in Parsaoran Nainggolan Fig (b) : The meeting opening in Siopat Bahal Village Village

Fig (c) : Socialization by YEL Fig (d) : Socialization by Environmental Office (Kantor Lingkungan Hidup)

Fig (e) : Discussion with the community in Parsaoran Nainggolan

Fig (f) : Filling out the questionnaires by community in Siopat Bahal

Fig (g) : Meeting situation in Parsaoran Nainggolan Village (2nd meeting)

Filling out the questionnaires in Sigurunggurung Village, Huta Bagasan Hamlet, (1st meeting) Filling out the questionnaires in Sigurunggurung Village, Huta Bagasan Hamlet, (1st meeting)

LIST OF VILLAGES/HAMLETS, AND PARTICIPANTS OF BIODIVERSITY SOCIALIZATION, 2015

Number of District Village Hamlet participants - Huta Mobi Simanampang 28 - Simanampang I - Simanampang II - Huta Bagasan 37 - Huta Habinsaran - Lambung Godung - Lumban Tonga Induk Lumban Tonga 30 - Huta Bakkudu - Tarabunga - Lumban Gaol Induk - Banggu Lumban Gaol 125 - Nahornop - Parbagotan 57 Pahae Julu - Huta Julu Simataniari - Huta Bagasan 27 - Huta Buntul - Julu – Julu Lumban Jaean - Julu – Jae 24

- Jaean - Sibaganding I Sibaganding - Sibaganding II 64 - Sibaganding III - Banjar Ginjang - Lumban Garaga Tonga 45 - Janji Sahata Lumban Garaga - Huta Mula-mula 82 - Huta Parjae - Onan Joro 88 Pardomuan - Banjar Dolok Nainggolan - Pakkat 101 - Liang Singa - Huta Bagasan Pahae Jae - Banjar Pea 34 - Gudang Sigurung-gurung - Sigurunggurung Ganjang - Huta Bagot 68 - Huta Patar - Huta Buntul - Siria-ria Siopat Bahal - Pargaolan 39 - Partobuan 52

- Tano Bato 52

- Lumban Garaga Sarulla 38 - Sait Ni Huta 1 - Lehu Parsaoran Nainggolan - Sait Nihuta II - Sait Nihuta III 76 - Parsaoran Naingolan - Lumban Garaga Ujung Total of socialization participants (people) 1015

Summary Notes: • Number of Socialization Target Villages : 11 village (7 villages in Pahae Julu District and 4 villages in Pahae Jae District) • Number of Hamlets : 49 hamlets • Total Number of Socialization Participants : 1,015 people

(For complete information see attendance lists)

Mittigation Conflict Leaflet

Harangan Tapanuli Endangered Species Poster

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