SUMMARY REPORT HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE ASSESSMENT PT Hutan Ketapang Industri - Kabupaten Ketapang, West Kalimantan Province

Home , Ketapang, Sunda flying lemur

March – December 2017 Report prepared by PT Ata Marie and PT Ekologika Consultants

Plaza Bisnis Kemang, Gedung-1, Lantai-1 (108) Kemang Raya No.2, Bangka, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia 12730 Phone/Fax: +62 21 718 3419 Email: [email protected]

COVER PAGE

Title : Summary Report High Conservation Value Assessment PT Hutan Ketapang Industri, Kabupaten Ketapang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Report Date : October 2017 Name of Lead Assessor : Ninil Jannah Contact Information : [email protected] / [email protected] +62 21 7183419 Ekologika Consultants Plaza Bisnis Kemang, Gedung-1, Lantai-1 (No.108). Jl. Kemang Raya No.2, Bangka, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia 12730 Organization which Request HCV : PT. Hutan Ketapang Industri Assessment Sampoerna Strategic Square North Tower 28th Floor Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 45 Jakarta Selatan 12930. Telp. 021-5771711; Fax. 021-5771712 Assessment Location Kendawangan sub-District, Ketapang District, Kalimantan Barat Province Assessment Date : March-December 2017 Assessment Area : 97.891,38 Ha (UPHHK-HTI) HCV Management Area : 37,569Ha (UPHHK-HTI) Planned Land use or Current : Rubber Plantation Landuse

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 HCV Background and Approach ...... 1 1.3 Background ...... 3 1.4 Objectives and Outputs ...... 3 1.5 Assessment Landscape ...... 3 1.6 Orangutan...... 4 1.7 Peat Land Landscapes in and Around HKI ...... 5 2 HCV Assessment Team ...... 9 3 Methodology ...... 10 3.1 Assessment Process ...... 10 3.2 Field Survey Method ...... 11 3.2.1 Biophysical Survey (HCV 1, HCV 2, HCV 3 and HCV 4) ...... 11 3.2.2 Social Survey (HCV 5 and HCV 6) ...... 12 3.2.3 Geographical Information System ...... 12 3.3 Stakeholder Consultations and Peer Review ...... 12 3.4 Project Schedule ...... 13 4 Description of Physical and Social Landscape ...... 13 4.1 Geology, Soils, Topography and Hydrology ...... 13 4.2 Peat Ecosystems ...... 13 4.3 Land Cover and Natural Ecosystem Types ...... 17 4.3.1 Land Cover ...... 17 4.3.2 Natural Ecosystems Extant in the HKI concession ...... 18 4.4 Local Demography and Socio-economy ...... 18 5 HCV Identification Results ...... 19 5.1 HCV Identification Summary ...... 19 5.2 Explanation of HCV 1 Identification – Species Diversity ...... 20 5.3 Explanation for HCV 2 Identifcation - Landscape-level ecosystems and ecosystem mosaics, Undisturbed Forest Landscape ...... 25 5.4 Explanation for HCV 3 Identification – Ecosystem and Habitat ...... 26 5.5 Explanation for HCV 4 Identification – Ecosystem Services ...... 26 5.6 Explanation for HCV 5 Identification – Community Needs ...... 27 5.7 Explanation for HCV 6 Identification – Cultural Values ...... 36 5.8 Stakeholder Consultation ...... 38 6 HCV Management and Monitoring ...... 42 7 Synthesis of HCV Conservation Areas and Management Areas ...... 76 8 Further Discussion...... 83

Table of Tables Table 1. Assessor Team ...... 9 Table 2. Assessment Schedule ...... 13 Table 3. Peat Hydrological Unit areas within HKI concession ...... 14 Table 4. Land Cover in PT HKI Area ...... 17 Table 5. Summary of HCV Identification for PT HKI, based on HCVRN Guidance, and Sub-category definitions for Indonesia as stated at Pedoman Penilaian NKT di Indonesia ...... 19 Table 6. List of HCV 1.3 Vegetation Species recorded in and around PT HKI ...... 22 Table 7. List of HCV 1.3 Mammals Species recorded in and around PT HKI ...... 23 Table 8. List of HCV 1.3 Bird Species recorded in and around PT HKI ...... 24 Table 9. HCV 5 Identification of Kendawangan Block ...... 28 Table 10. HCV 5 Identification of Air Hitam Block ...... 31 Table 11. HCV 5 Summary ...... 35 Table 12. Summary of Identified HCV 6 Attributes and Locations in PT HKI ...... 36 Table 13. Summary of Stakeholder Consultation for PT HKI ...... 39 Table 14. Identification of Internal Threats and Management to Protect HCV in PT HKI ...... 43 Table 15. Identification of External Threat and Management of HCV in PT HKI ...... 47 Table 16. Management Recommendation to Protect/Improve HCV in PT HKI ...... 51 Table 17. HCV Area Summary per Estate and Block (ha) ...... 78 Table 18. HCV Management Area (in Additional to HCV Area) - Summary per Estate and Block (ha) ...... 78 Table 19. Go/No Go Calculation before Reduction for RKU Conservation Areas (ha) ...... 79 Table 20. Go/No Go Calculation After Reduction for RKU Conservation Areas (ha) ...... 79 Table 21. Potential Development Area and No-Go Areas (Net of RKU Conservation Areas) (ha) ...... 80

Table of Figures

Figure 1. HCV approach leading to maintenance and enhancement of high conservation values ...... 2 Figure 2 Distribution of Orangutan (Wich et al, 2008) ...... 5 Figure 3 HCV Assessment Process ...... 10 Figure 3. Peat hydrological Unit as defined by MOEF within Kendawangan Estates...... 15 Figure 4. Peat hydrological Unit as defined by MOEF within Air Hitam Estates...... 16

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Table of Maps

Map 1. Location Map and HCV Assessment Landscape of HKI – Kendawangan Landscape ...... 6 Map 2. Location Map and HCV Assessment Landscape of HKI – Air Hitam Landscape ...... 7 Map 3. Peat Ecosistem Function Map ...... 8 Map 4. HCV 1.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 56 Map 5. HCV 1.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 57 Map 6. HCV 1.2 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan ...... 58 Map 7. HCV 1.2 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 59 Map 8. HCV 1.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 60 Map 9. HCV 1.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 61 Map 10. IFL (Intact Forest Landscape) in HKI Area ...... 62 Map 11. HCV 2.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 63 Map 12. HCV 2.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 64 Map 13. HCV 3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan landscape ...... 65 Map 14. HCV 3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area Air Hitam landscape...... 66 Map 15. HCV 4.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 67 Map 16. HCV 4.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 68 Map 17. HCV 4.2 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 69 Map 18. HCV 4.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 70 Map 19. HCV 4.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 71 Map 20. HCV 5 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 72 Map 21. HCV 5 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 73 Map 22. HCV 6 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 74 Map 23. HCV 6 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 75 Map 24. Integrated HCV Management Map for PT HKI, Kendawangan Landscape ...... 81 Map 25. Integrated HCV Management Map for PT HKI, Air Hitam Landscape ...... 82

ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS

Adat term used to describe that which is customary (such as ceremonies, dress and law) of a traditional culture APL Other Land Use (Area Penggunaan Lain) CA Preserve Nature (Cagar Alam) CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CR Critically Endangered (Kritis) DEM Digital Elevation Model EN Endangered (terancam punah) FSC Forest Stewardship Council GIS Geographic Information Systems HL Protected Forest (Hutan Lindung) HP Permanent production Forest( Hutan Produksi) HPT Limited Production Forest (hutan Produksi Terbatas) HPK Production Forest for Conversion (Hutan Produksi yang dapat dikonversi) IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature KBKT High Conservation Area (Kawasan Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi) KPNKT High Conservatiion Value Management Area (Kawasan Pengelolaan Nilai Konservasi Tinggi) Kab. Regency (Kabupaten) NKT High Conservation Value (Nilai Konservasi TinggiI RTRWP/K Provincial / Regency Spatial Plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Propinsi / Kabupaten) RKU General Business Plan TTD Threatened, Restricted Range, Protected Range and Trade Restricted Species (Spesies yang Terancam, penyebarannya Terbatas, dan Dilindungi ) VU Vulnerable – (Rentan)

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

PT Hutan Ketapang Industri (HKI), located in Ketapang District, Kalimantan Barat Province, is a subsidiary of Sampoerna Agro. The HKI concession area, which covers about 97,891 ha, has the potential to become the largest rubber plantation company in the world, and as such has strategic value for Sampoerna Agro. HKI's IUPKH-HTI concession license is in Ketapang District, Kalimantan Barat Province. Since 2012, HKI has developed an area of over 15,000 ha. At the end of 2015, Sampoerna Agro become a partner of New Forest Asset Management, Pty. Ltd (New Forest) in managing PT HKI. Sampoerna Agro, as the manager of HKI, has social and environmental responsibilities, commitments and policies to conduct sustainable forest management which can be recognized by stakeholders. HKI is aiming to fulfil the principles of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) sustainable forest management certification, as well as meeting International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental and Social Performance Standards. HKI requested PT Ata Marie and PT Ekologika Cosultants to conduct High Conservation Value assessment. The assessment was conducted in March – October 2017. This document is a summary report of the full HCV report written in Bahasa Indonesia, submitted in January 2018. It contains all of the findings of the HCV assessment, but in addition contains a discussion and conclusion chapter that will be of use to management at HKI, Sampoerna Agro and New Forest Asset Management.

1.2 HCV Background and Approach

All natural habitats possess inherent conservation values, including the presence of rare or endemic species, provision of ecosystem services, sacred sites, or resources harvested by local residents. HCVs are biological, ecological, social or cultural values which are considered outstandingly significant or critically important, at the national, regional or global level. There are six categories of HCVs. The concept of HCV (High Conservation Value) emerged in 1999 as Principal 9 of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standard for certified well-managed forest. The HCV concept was designed to help forest managers improve the social and environmental sustainability of wood production. Since then the HCV concept has been adopted by other forest certification standards and certification standards for agricultural production (e.g. RSPO standard). The HCV Resource Network (HCVRN) was created in 2006 to promote the HCV approach as a resource management tool, achieve its consistent application, and bring stakeholders together (www.hcvnetwork.org). From 2006 to 2014, the HCVRN was governed by a Steering Group composed of environmental and social NGOs, private sector representatives, and multilateral organizations. In July 2015, HCV Network Ltd, a UK-registered non-profit company, was created to host the Network's Secretariat. It is fundamental that HCV assessors share a common understanding of the HCV definitions, their interpretation in practice and the overall HCV approach. In order for HCV assessments to be consistent and comparable across commodities and regions, everyone needs to use the same HCV definitions. For the purposes of the HKI HCV Assessment, the FSC Principles & Criteria (P&C) v.5, 2012 have been used. Sub-categories have been adapted from the Indonesian Toolkit for HCV Identification (2008) by the HCVRN. The HCV approach in its entirety is the process in which HCVs are identified, managed and monitored. Applying existing guidance for identification, management and monitoring of HCV

holistically should lead to a straightforward process as outlined in the following diagram from HCVRN Common Guidelines. Commonly the full process is divided into three parts; 1. HCV Assessment 2. Preparation of Management and Monitoring Plans 3. Implementation of Management and Monitoring Plans under an Adaptive Management process. An external team led by an experienced HCV assessor undertakes the HCV Assessment and prepares the Assessment Report for peer review (left hand side of the diagram). The Assessment Report includes recommendations for management and monitoring of HCVs, but does not include preparation of management and monitoring plans. The scope of work proposed for the HKI HCV Assessment is designed to meet FSC Certification requirements. Report templates, as well as the peer review and QC processes follow FSC guidelines which differ slightly from HCVRN procedures. Figure 1. HCV approach leading to maintenance and enhancement of high conservation values1

1 Brown, E. and M.J.M. Senior. 2014 (September). Common Guidance for the Management & Monitoring of High Conservation Values (HCVRN)

1.3 Background

HKI understands that the condition, paradigm and system of forest management is not the same as in the past. Therefore, HKI intends to implement a Sustainable Forest Management system to ensure sustainability of production, ecology and social functions. The sustainability of the production function will ensure the sustainability of forest management activities and provide benefits to all parties concerned. The sustainability of the ecology function prevents the occurrence of the process of destruction or degradation of the quality of forest ecosystems. While the sustainability of social functions will ensure the continued and even increasing economic and social benefits of forest management for communities. HKI operations are spread across 97,891 ha. Rubber plantation establishment has converted natural ecosystems in the past. Areas selected for rubber cultivation are cleared prior to planting. Good drainage and suitable soil is required for rubber. Mineral fertilizers are applied several times per year. Development of roads will open up access to forest areas that surround the plantation and indirectly threaten wildlife in these forests through allowing an increase in hunting. In addition, drains will significantly affect the hydrology of the areas. HKI has already developed a Management Plan (RKU) that includes the spatial plan for the concession. This is a legal requirement before any plantation development. However, the RKU and HCV Assessments are not always well aligned - significant areas planned for conservation in the RKU are not considered important for conservation by the HCV assessment, and significant areas considered important based on the HCV assessment are not conserved under the RKU.

1.4 Objectives and Outputs

The objectives of the HCV assessment are as below: 1. Identify the existence of HCVs in the assessment area (concession area and its surrounding landscape), and to describe value condition, and potential threats. 2. Define the area that contains HCVs (HCVAs) to describe distribution, mobility, structure, composition and/or status of the values. 3. Provide recommendations for HCV management and monitoring, as well as set aside areas needed based on comprehensive knowledge of the area (focusing on HCV management efforts within area under direct influence of company). Priority outputs of the HCV assessment are: 1. HCV Report that defines 2. HCVs, HCVAs and HCVMAs 3. Internal and external threats to HCVs / HCVAs Capacity Development of HKI staff to identify, manage and monitor HCVs in the concession was also a principle output of the HCV assessment process and training pre and post assessment was carried out by the assessment team.

1.5 Assessment Landscape

HKI is a national private company engaged in Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI). HKI holds an UPHHK-HTI licence covering an area of ± 97,891 ha as stated in Ministry of Forestry Decree No: SK.663 / Menhut-II / 2011. Administratively, the license is located in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan Province. Forest administration is now under the West Kalimantan Provincial Forestry Office since the enactment of Law No. 23, 2106. Although the HCV Assessment is primarily focused on the HKI concession area, the assessment uses landscape approach principles, where values must be evaluated in landscape context. Two landscapes have been identified for assessment by analysing biophysical aspects including river catchments and forest cover that extended beyond the concession area. The two landscapes are referred to as the Kendawangan and Air Hitam Landscapes.

Boundaries of the Kendawangan landscape can be described as follows (see Map 1):

. Eastern boundary: Kendawangan river, and the following oil palm plantation; PT Andes Agro Investama, PT Cahaya Nusa Gemilang, PT Karya Bhakti Agro Sejahtera. . Northern Boundary: Watershed with PT Wanakerta Ekalestari Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI). . Western and southern boundary: Watersheds with protected forest “Hutan Lindung Sungai Tengar” and within PT Putra Sari Lestari palm oil plantation.

Boundaries of the Air Hitam landscape can be described as follows (see Map 2):

. Northern and Eastern boundary: Keramat River and watersheds of the Air Hitam Besar River catchments. . Western boundary: Air Hitam Kecil River. . Southern boundary watershed within the PT Sukses Karya Sawit palm oil plantation.

For social aspects, the HCV assessment was conducted in 9 villages situated inside and around the concession area, especially those potentially affected by HKI operations and also potentially impacting on HCV management in the HKI concession area. Villages (Desa) in the Kendawangan landscape include Banjarsari, Mekar Utama, Sungai Jelayan, Selimatan Jaya, Kedondong and Pangkalan Batu. Villages in the Air Hitam landscape include Air Hitam Besar, Air Hitam Hulu and Air Tarap. The HKI concession area is zoned as HP (Hutan Produksi) and HPT (Hutan Produksi Terbatas). HKI concession area is adjacent to protected forest in both the Kendawangan and Air Hitam Landscapes. Protected areas include Sungai Tengar Protected Forest, Sungai Jelai Protected Forest and Muara Kendawangan Nature Preserve. Muara Kendawangan nature preserve and Sungai Tengar Protected forest are considered very important since it has endemic and threatened biodiversity, such as orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus wurmbii), pangolin (Manis javanica), Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor), as well as more than 29 mammals, 20 birds, and 25 vegetation species that are endangered.

1.6 Orangutan

Kalimantan biogeographic units are characterized by a very high diversity of wildlife, so that forest as an animal habitat becomes very important. One of the important endemic animals of Borneo is the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus spp) which includes 3 sub species on Borneo; Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, Pongo pygmaeus morio and Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus. Its declining population and habitat has caused IUCN to raise the status of Orangutan on it Red List from Endangered in 2008 to Critically Endangered (CR) in 2016. The distribution of orangutan in Borneo is divided into three areas; Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii is distributed across West and Central Kalimantan, while Pongo pymaeus morio is distributed across East and North Kalimantan and Sabah. Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus has only small distribution in the north of West Kalimantan and Sarawak. HKI landscapes are part of orangutan distribution area. HKI concessions can benefit conservation by creation of "corridors" or buffer zones in both the Kendawangan and Air Hitam landscapes.

Figure 2 Distribution of Orangutan (Wich et al, 20082)

1.7 Peat Land Landscapes in and Around HKI

The distribution of peat swamp ecosystems within the HKI concessions is limited. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry has identified priority “Peat land Hydrological Units” (Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut) that border and overlap the concession blocks. While the areas of overlap is small, these nationally important areas of peat within the broader landscape may be affected by management within the concessions and there maybe legal/land use implications that HKI should be aware of. See Map 3 - Peat Ecosystem Function Map and further discussion in Section 8.

2 Wich et al (2008) Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan (Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain? Oryx, 42(3), 329–339 doi:10.1017/S003060530800197X, with 2013 updates by Wich, Singleton and Utami

Map 1. Location Map and HCV Assessment Landscape of HKI – Kendawangan Landscape

Map 2. Location Map and HCV Assessment Landscape of HKI – Air Hitam Landscape

Map 3. Peat Ecosistem Function Map

2 HCV ASSESSMENT TEAM

HCV Assessment at HKI was conducted by PT Ekologika and PT Ata Marie. Summary information of team members are presented below. Table 1. Assessor Team Name Role Expertise Field Survey Ninil Jannah Assessment Team Leader, EIA, SIA, landscape-livescape analysis, FPIC, Social Advisor, Training participatory survey method, stakeholder specialist engagement, ecosystem service, disaster risk management, HCV/HCS/FPIC trainer Diah Wening Sariratri Ecosystem Service Environmental and ecosystem services analyst Analysis Tri Setyadi Biophysical Survey Leader, GIS, Forestry management, ecosystem service and Ornithologist biodiversity surveys, Environmental Impact Assessments, High Carbon Stock Assessment, sustainable landscape-based conservation Tia Mulyasari Biophysical Survey, Forestry, forest product management, bioenergy, Ecosystem Service environmental baseline survey, HCS Analysis Widhyanto Muttaqiem Social Leader Participatory survey methods, community engagement and development, community-based disaster risk management, environmental education Pudji Santosa Social Survey Participatory survey methods, community engagement and development , participatory mapping, environmental education Sigit Purwanto Social Survey Leader Participatory survey methods, community engagement and development, community-based disaster risk management Okki Shahibussalam Social Survey Participatory survey methods, community engagement and development , environmental education, conservation Sunaring Kurniandaru Social Survey Participatory survey methods, community engagement and development , environmental education Yugyasmono Social Survey Participatory survey methods, community engagement and development , environmental education Agusti Randi Biophysical Survey, Vegetation Research and Surveys, Ecosystem Vegetation Expert conservation Didik Raharyono Biophysical Survey, Mammal surveys and conservation management Mammals Expert Dadan Setiawan Geographycal Information GIS, HCS, conservation management System, GIS Analyst Sofyan Iskandar Social Survey, Land Use and Land Cover Survey/Research Geographical Information System Additional Support Alex Thorp Project Manager Forest-ecology, sustainable landscape-based conservation, GIS Neville Kemp Biophysical and Biodiversity survey, ornithologist, forest-ecology, Conservation Advisor sustainable landscape-based conservation, FPIC, participatory survey methods, community engagement and development. Been involved in HCV surveys since 2008.

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Assessment Process

Figure 2 shows the assessment process followed. Figure 3 HCV Assessment Process

COLLECTING INFORMATION

RANK DESKTOP STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION IN DESA COLLECTING LEVEL PERMIT ASKING FOR FULL PREPARATION ASSESSMENT AND WORK

FIELD SCOPING STUDY STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND NGO’s PREPARATION AND (COLLECTING

PRE-ASSESSMENT SHC (STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION IN PROVINCE LEVEL)

STAKEHOLDERS NKT FULL ASSESSMENTS CONSULTATION IN DESA DESKTOP AND (NKT IDENTIFICATION, LEVEL FIELD WORK THREATS, KBKT, KPNKT) CONFIRMATION AND CONSENT FINDINGS

POST-ASSESSMENT SHC (STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION IN PROVINCE LEVEL)

DRAFT REPORT

DESKTOP PEER REVIEW

FINAL REPORT

Primary data was collected through field survey activities, which conducted to fulfil data gaps and verify secondary data obtained from various sources (demographic and area information from Statistic Bureau, Meteorological Station, Geology Office, HKI), as well as information obtained during the scoping study and pre-assessment stage.

In addition to the above generic HCV process, a peer review was carried out to ensure international standards of reporting.

3.2 Field Survey Method

3.2.1 Biophysical Survey (HCV 1, HCV 2, HCV 3 and HCV 4)

Surveys to identify and assess the existence of HCV 1 – 4 in the HKI area was conducted in representative ecosystems found in HKI. i.e. (1) mixed dipterocarp forest, (2) heath forests, (3) Peat swamp forest, (4) riparian forest and (5) open wetland. A rapid inventory of vegetation, mammals and birds was conducted in each ecosystem type for a total of 19 days survey time.

Biodiversity 1. Mammals – Data was collected using Visual Encounter Survey3 method combined with a modified one-kilometre long Line Transect. Observation time are 06.30-10.00, 16.00-18.00 and 19.00-22.00. 2. Birds – Data was collected using Line Transect method by Bibby et al. (2000), for 1 km.4 Observation is conducted two times a day during high activity between 05.30- 09.00 and 15.30-17.30, and from 18.00-20.30 at night for nocturnal birds. 3. Vegetation – Rapid vegetation assessment was conducted using a cruising method, where assessor explore and collect samples from various locations that represent each ecosystem types or vegetation types in assessment area (Rugayah, 2004).5 Ecosystem Services 1. Land cover ground-check to ensure the accuracy of forest cover data and to verify the existence of stream and spring locations obtained through interview, which will be useful in determining important areas for ecosystem services. 2. Ground check to determine the conformity of slope condition with Universal Soil Loss equation (or erosion hazard level calculation) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978)6. 3. Measuring water turbidity using secchi disk at several main rivers and tributaries. 4. Interview with local people to obtain information on lowest and highest water level. 5. Beside observations, HCV 1-4 data was also obtained through information gathering using techniques below: 6. Interview – Semi-structured interview with people encountered during observation to obtain information on the presence of wildlife and vegetation in assessment area. These people were selected based on assumption that since their activities are closely related to forest, wildlife and vegetation, they are more knowledgeable and more experienced. 7. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) – FGD with community members to obtain data and information on ecosystem services (HCV 4), wildlife and vegetation (HCV 1-3), and potential threat against HCV 1-4.

3 Heyer, W.R., Donnelly, M.A., McDiarmid, R.W., Hayek,L.-A.C., & M.S. Foster, (eds.) 1994. 4 Bibby, Colin. Martin Jones & Stuart Marsden. 2000. Expedition Field Techniques: Bird Surveis.Royal Geographical Society.London. 5 Rugayah. Elizabeth, A. Widjaja. Praptiwi. 2004. Pedoman Pengumpulan Data Keanekaragaman Flora. Pusat Penelitian Biologi – LIPI. Bogor. 6 Wischmeier, W.H., dan D.D Smith. 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to conservation planning. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 537. U.S. Government Printing Office, Whasington, DC.

3.2.2 Social Survey (HCV 5 and HCV 6)

Data was collected in each village using a combination of various tools/techniques, participatory survey approach and consultation with local communities to obtain demographic and socioeconomic information, and perception on locations/area and resources needed by the community (including traditional community). Data collection techniques used included Key Informant Interview (a semi structured interview to village officials, religious leaders, traditional leaders) and Interviews (relaxed semi structured interview to resource users and owners), as well as FGD, participatory mapping and ground checking to identify important areas. At each village, at least 3 FGDs and 2 ground checks were conducted. 3.2.3 Geographical Information System

Secondary data used included river network data, vegetation/land cover data, ecosystem proxy map, hotspot map, geological map, soil map, road network map, SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM), SPOT 6, Landsat 8 satellite imagery and rainfall map. To determine landcover, interpretation of SPOT 6 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery was processed with supervised classification method – in accordance to landcover classification from BAPLAN/Ministry of Forestry. DEM Data from CGIAR-CSI ver.4.0 was analysed to produce slope and altitude class. Primary data was collected to verify SRTM accuracy and to verify landcover analysis results in 8 assessment points. Other data collected included indication of HCV presence within assessment area. To verify the accuracy of topographical conditions described in DEM secondary data, general observations were carried out throughout the landscape. Spatial analysis to create delineation of HCV 1-6 was accomplished through data analysis of ecosystem and biodiversity (HCV 1-3), ecosystem service (HCV 4), basic and cultural needs of local/traditional community (HCV 5-6).

3.3 Stakeholder Consultations and Peer Review

HCV assessments should consult with stakeholders in the area including those directly affected by the development as well as in the wider landscape, to obtain inputs and information about the existence of HCVs in the concession. This is especially important for HCV relating to basic needs of communities and cultural values. More details of stakeholder consultation can be found in section 5.8 and table 13. The purpose of peer review is to a provide additional quality control for the HCV assessment report, and specifically to determine whether adequate data and data collection methodologies have been used, whether the assessment team has the required expertise, and whether the assessment of HCV status is justifiable. The Peer Review was carried out by a skilled and experienced HCV assessor (Mr. Idung Risdiyanto) who cross-checked HCV findings, evaluate the accuracy of identified HCV areas, and HCV management and monitoring recommendations. The peer reviewer was supplied with the final draft HCV assessment report, all field assessment conducted by the HCV assessment team and additional supporting documents. Comment provided by the peer reviewer wer incorporated into the final report submitted. The peer review has been provided a separate report.

3.4 Project Schedule

Table 2. Assessment Schedule Activities Dates Desk Study 1 – 12 March 2017 Scoping survey and obtaining assessment approval from community 13-26 March 2017 HCV Assessment Technical Training 20-21 March2017 Pre-Assessment Report 27 March– 10 April 2017 Stake Holder Consultation Pre-Assessment 11 April 2017 Social Field Survey 13 – 28 April 2017 Ecosystem services survey 13 – 28 April 2017 Biodiversity survey 13 April – 4 May 2017 Consultative FGD for village representative /FPIC 8-23 September 2017 Draft report preparation 24 Sept–20 Oct 2017 Stakeholder Consultation Post Assessment 30-31 Oct 2017 Peer Review November 2017 Finalisation of Reports December 2017

4 DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL LANDSCAPE

4.1 Geology, Soils, Topography and Hydrology

Geology of the Kendawangan landscape is dominated by the Mineral Swamps. The western and eastern side of the concession is the formation of ‘Kerabai’ Volcano Rock. On the north and south sides the Ketapang Complex is dominant, and on the northern part there is ‘Sukadana’ granite rock and the ‘Malihan Pinoh’ sedimentary rock. Mineral swamp sediments are the dominant rock material in the entire Air Hitam block landscape. Soil types in the Kendawangan Block are Spodosol, Ultisol, Oxisol, Entisol, Histosol and Inceptisol. Air Hitam Block is dominated by Entisol soil, then Histosol is on the east side and Inceptisol type is on the western side. Topography of HKI area has variation of slope and altitude of varied places. The height of HKI area is 2-100 m above sea level. The roughness at the site of the study has a slope of up to 40%, dominated by areas with flat slopes reaching 87.98% of the area. The entire HKI area of the Air Hitam Block has a 0-8% slope, no hilly area, and is an alluvial plain. Hydrology of the Kendawangan estates is dominated by the Kendawangan River and tributaries flowing into it from the west and north. In areas of higher topography, typical watershed patterns exist. In low lying areas around the Jelayan and Kelampai River wide areas of riparian forest exist have formed along meandering rivers. The Air Hitam block is dominated by the Air Hitam, Air Hitam Kecil and Keramat Rivers. All of these rivers are short in length and due to the low lying topography of the areas have numerous branching tributaries and riparian “finger-swamps”.

4.2 Peat Ecosystems

Deep peat that is characteristic of “peat domes” is only found within the Kendawangan block on the western boundary. This peat area is important as is supports significant biodiversity and regulates hydrology in the landscape west of the concession. In the Air Hitam block, peat and peat forest is found along the “finger-swamps” the branch into the concession. This peatland type rarely attains the depth seen in some peat domes in Kalimantan, but nevertheless do have important function of hydrological regulation, reducing the spread of fire and harbouring biodiversity.

For this HCV assessment a specific peat survey was not carried out. We have used information from direct field observations for the assessment of HCVs that consider peat (HCV 4.1 – Areas or Ecosystems Important for the Provision of Water and Prevention of Floods for Downstream Communities, and HCV 3 - Ecosystem and Habitat. Rare, threatened, or endangered ecosystems, habitats or refugia). Therefore although peatland was not surveyed directly, we consider that peat areas have been captured in the HCV area described. Table 3, Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the Peat hydrological Units as defined by MOEF. We have not used MOEF data to map HCVs as these were produced at a national and regional scale. Some of the area under the Peat Hydrological Unit has been identified as HCV, but not all. More precise mapping and documentation is needed in both of Kendawangan and Air Hitam to reduce the potential accusations of developing on “peat” where there is none in actual fact. Table 3. Peat Hydrological Unit areas within HKI concession Name of Peat Hydrological Unit Location Code Total Area (ha) KHG Sungai Keramat-Sungai Jelai Air Hitam KHG.61.04.14 2,296 KHG Sungai Kepulu-Sungai Pesaguan Kendawangan KHG.61.04.09 290

Figure 4. Peat hydrological Unit as defined by MOEF within Kendawangan Estates.

Figure 5. Peat hydrological Unit as defined by MOEF within Air Hitam Estates.

4.3 Land Cover and Natural Ecosystem Types

4.3.1 Land Cover

Table 4 shows the land cover across the HKI concession. Some key points: 1. 19.2% of HKI remains forested (especially Air Hitam). This is a broad strata which includes a range of ecosystem types including Mixed Dipterocarp Forest, Peat Swamp Forest, 'Kerangas Heath Forest, Riparian Forest (described below). The forest condition is predominantly degraded secondary forest which has been impacted by selective logging and ground fires. 2. 17 % of HKI consists of wetlands. 1.65% are natural ecosystems - undisturbed open water bodies and marshes, but the majority of w, regenerating scrub and gelam (Melaleuca spp) forest. 3. 41% consists of degraded / non - natural vegetation on dry land. This ranges from open grassland, regenerating scrub, residual old Acacia plantations and gelam (Melaleuca spp). 4. 20% of HKI has been developed, primarily for rubber plantations and related infrastructure. 5. 3% of HKI has been developed by 3rd parties.

Table 4. Land Cover in PT HKI Area

Development Status Category Land Cover Kendawangan Air Hitam Total % Natural Forest (Mixed Dipterocarp Forest, Peat Swamp Forest, Secondary Forest 8,478 10,313 18,791 19.20% 'Kerangas Heath Forest, Riparian Forest) Undisturbed Badan Air 161 26 187 1.65% Wetland Lahan Terbuka Basah 878 553 1,432 Undeveloped Areas Semak Basah 2,439 1,148 3,586 Disturbed Wetlands Belukar Basah 2,234 3,343 5,577 15.06% Hutan Gelam Basah 5,507 75 5,583 Lahan Terbuka Kering 9,862 2,076 11,938 Semak Kering 4,844 17,559 22,403 Disturbed dryland Belukar Kering 2,318 517 2,835 40.90% Hutan Gelam Kering 1,042 213 1,255 Hutan Akasia 1,603 0 1,603 Developed Area (plantations and infrastructure) 18,370 1,202 19,572 20.15% Other Roads 119 31 149 Ladang 441 68 509 Sawit Masyarakat 1,583 0 1,583 Pemukiman 149 0 149 Areas Developed by Third Parties 3.04% Perkebunan Kelapa 335 0 335 Sawit Pertambangan 192 212 404 Total 60,554 37,337 97,891 100%

4.3.2 Natural Ecosystems Extant in the HKI concession

Direct observation in the two landscapes led to identification of the following natural ecosystem types: (1) Mixed Dipterocarp Lowland Forest, (2) Peat swamp forest, (3) Heath Forest, (4) Riparian forest, and (5) Open Wetland. These natural ecosystems are nested in the land cover described above. Mixed Dipterocarp Lowland Forest – this ecosystem identified in dryland, the ground is not waterlogged and dry, mostly found in undulating area. Dominated by Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae dan Calophyllaceae such as Meranti (Shorea leprosula, S.parvifolia and S.ovalis), Resak (Vatica oblongifolia dan Cotylelobium melanoxylon) and Merawan (Hopea dryobalanoides). This ecosystem is only identified in the Kendawangan landscape. Peat swamp forest - the distribution of peat swamp ecosystems in HKI is very limited and not in wide formation. This ecosystem identified located in narrow and elongated basin following river and stream patterns and surrounded bushland. In open area dominated by Perepat (Combretocarpus rotundatus) forming almost homogeneous formations such as those found in estate 4, in secondary peat swamp forest found in estate 5 dominated by Punak (Tetramerista glabra), Meranti buaya (Shorea uliginosa) and Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis). Kerangas Heath Forest – secondary forest dominated by Pelawan (Tristaniopsis obovata), Balangiran (Shorea balangeran), Perepat (Combretocarpus rotundatus), Gerunggang (Cratoxylum glaucum) and some Syzygium spp. While in open areas dominated by the type of Baeckea frutescens that form a homogeneous quite wide formation. Riparian forest – riparian forest cover dominated by Syzygium spp., Bintangur (Calophyllum pisiferum), Simpur (Dillenia suffruticosa), Rengas (Gluta renghas) and Resak (Vatica umbonata). After riparian forest found Melaleuca cajuputi spp. Cumingiana that grow after a fire. Open Wetland - these ecosystems regularly occur a large flood resembling a lake especially when the rainy season. dried up when drought season, show little streams and grasslands during long drought seasons. Rasau (Pandanus) formation covering almost along of the water bodies and turning into forests with mixed vegetation.

4.4 Local Demography and Socio-economy

Based on the projection of Ketapang BPS (demographic and area information from Statistic Bureau) in 2014, the population of Kendawangan sub-district is 34,786 people, consisting of 18,120 men and 16,666 women of 19 different villages. Traditional communities of Kendawangan are very dependent on natural resources, especially river, swamp and forest. Their settlements are commonly found on riverbanks. Indigenous people of the Kendawangan landscape are predominantly from the Dayak Kendawangan tribe. At the end of the 1980s, after the natural timber business declined, some migrants form Java and Banjar settled. Mining of bauxite and quartz brought migrants from Java, Sulawesi and Sumatera. Oil palm plantations began operating in the early 1990s, bringing more migrants including from West Barat, Flores and Sumba. The Dayak people are mostly settled in the Marau area, then moved to Pangkalan Batu, Kelampai, Sei Jelayan, Kedondong, and Klukup Blantak, Selinsing, Sukaria and Air Merah Lanjut. In the Air Hitam landscape, Malay tribes from Banjarmasin have been living for 5 generations. At the time Malay tribes came, the Dayak tribe moved to Bagan Cabe sub-village, Air Hitam Besar village dan Air Tarap village. Most houses in the landscape are constructed from timber with zinc sheets as roofs. In addition to utilizing timber for housing, people still use wood for work tools and home furnishings. In addition to timber communities also use non-timber forest products for work tools such as rattan and bamboo.

5 HCV IDENTIFICATION RESULTS

HCV approach divides HCV into six categories: (1) HCV 1 – Concentrations of species diversity, (2) HCV 2 – Landscape-level ecosystems and mosaics, (3) HCV 3 – Rare, threatened, or endangered ecosystems, habitats or refugia, (4) HCV 4 – Ecosystem services in critical situations, (5) HCV 5 – Community needs, and (6) HCV 6 – Cultural values. HCVRN provides general guideline in interpreting definitions and to identify HCV. Although HCV Identification Guidelines for Indonesia (2009) was published before the latest adjustments of HCV definitions (2012), this guideline is still the best practical guidelines for Indonesia. HCV identification in this assessment follows standard agreement on sub-categories, criteria and procedures on HCV existence confirmation and distribution, as explained in HCV Identification Guidelines for Indonesia 2009.

5.1 HCV Identification Summary

Table 5 summarises HCVs identification results. Detailed findings are set out Sections 5-2 – 5.7. Table 5. Summary of HCV Identification for PT HKI, based on HCVRN Guidance7, and Sub- category definitions for Indonesia as stated at Pedoman Penilaian NKT di Indonesia8 HCV HCV Definition No Description of Sub-Category HCV Identification Result HCV 1 – Species Diversity 1.1 Areas that Contain or Provide Present in Kendawangan Landscape – Concentrations of biological Biodiversity Support Function western area of PT HKI, estate 7, is directly diversity including endemic to Protected or Conservation adjacent to protected foresr Sungai Tengar, species, and rare, threatened or Areas capable to support Orang utan (Pongo endangered (RTE) species that are pygmaeus ssp wurmbii) in the area. significant at global, regional or national levels. Present in Air Hitam Landscape - Western area of HKI adjacent to Nature Preseve Muara Kendawangan and eastern area adjacent to protected peat swamp forest Sungai Jelai, capable to support Orang utan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp wurmbii) in the area. 1.2 Critically Endangered Species Present in Kendawangan: Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp wurmbii), Trenggiling (Manis javanica), Belangiran (Shorea balangeran), Meranti (Shorea smithiana). Meranti (Shorea pallidifolia). Present in Air Hitam : Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp wurmbii), Trenggiling (Manis javanica), Belangiran (Shorea balangeran), Meranti paya (Shorea platycarpa) 1.3 Viable Populations of Present at Kendawangan– 25 Vegetation Endangered, Restricted Range types, 29 Mammals and 20 Avifauna. or Protected Species Present at Blok Air Hitam: 16 avifauna, 25 mammalia, 11 flora. 1.4 Habitat of Temporary Use by Not Present – Species or Congregations of Temporary habitat is not found Species HCV 2 – landscape-level 2.1 Large Natural Landscapes with Not Present – ecosystems and ecosystem Capacity to Maintain Natural No core areas with more than 20,000 ha mosaics, Undisturbed Forest Ecological Processes and within assessment area. Landscape. Dynamics

7 Brown, E., N. Dudley, A. Lindhe, D.R. Muhtaman, C. Stewart, and T. Synnott (eds.). 2013 (October).Common guidance for the identification of High Conservation Values. HCV Resource Network. 8 Konsorsium Revisi HCV Toolkit Indonesia. 2009. Panduan Identifikasi Kawasan Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi di Indonesia. Tropenbos International Indonesia Programme, Bogor.

HCV HCV Definition No Description of Sub-Category HCV Identification Result Large landscape-level ecosystems 2.2 Areas that Contain Two or Not Present – No ecotone and ecocline and ecosystem mosaics that are More Contiguous Ecosystems significant at global, regional or national levels, and that contain 2.3 Areas that Contain Not Present – No Representation of natural viable populations of the great Representative Populations of species majority of the naturally occurring Most Naturally Occurring species in natural patterns of Species distribution and abundance. HCV 3 – Ecosystem and Habitat. Present in Kendawangan. Threatened: Rare, threatened, or endangered heath forest, peat swamp forest, riparian ecosystems, habitats or refugia. forest, open wetland, mixed dipterocarp lowland forest. Rare: Open wetland

Present in Air Hitam. Threatened: heath forest, peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open wetland. Rare: Open wetland HCV 4 – Ecosystem Services 4.1 Areas or Ecosystems Important Present – All water bodies and their banks, Basic ecosystem services in critical for the Provision of Water and and all ecosystem both of Kendawangan situations including protection of Prevention of Floods for and Air Hitam landscape water catchments and control of Downstream Communities erosion of vulnerable soils and 4.2 Areas Important for the Present only in Kendawangan slopes. Prevention of Erosion and Hilly area with TBE value > 180 /ha/year Sedimentation 4.3 Areas that Function as Natural Present – Barriers to the Spread of Forest All forest both of Kendawangan and Air or Ground Fire Hitam HCV 5 – Community Needs 5 Present in Kendawangan– fish, direct Sites and resources fundamental income, building material, water for drinking for satisfying the basic necessities and cooking, water for sanitation, work of local tools, medicine, communities or indigenous peoples (for example for livelihoods, health, Present in Air Hitam – rice, fish, work tools, nutrition, water), identified through building material, water for drinking and engagement with these cooking, water for sanitation, direct income, communities or indigenous medicine peoples. HCV 6 – Cultural Values 6 Present in Kendawangan and Air Hitam Sites, resources, habitats and - Sacred sites. landscapes of global or national - Important sites for local culture cultural, archaeological or historical - Species with cultural importance significance, and/or of critical - Batu Peniatan cultural, ecological, - Local knowledge economic or religious/sacred importance for the traditional cultures of local communities or indigenous peoples, identified through engagement with these local communities or indigenous peoples.

5.2 Explanation of HCV 1 Identification – Species Diversity

HCV 1 is concerned with concentrations of biological diversity including endemic species, and rare, threatened or endangered (RTE) species that are significant at global, regional or national levels.Sub HCV 1.1 – Present Definition Criteria Areas that Contain or Provide - Conservation areas near or inside concession area (with significant Biodiversity Support Function to biodiversity) Protection or Conservation Areas - Area that might provide biodiversity support function to protected or conservation areas near concession area - Area where operational activities might negatively affected biodiversity conservation function of a protected or conservation area.

Kendawangan landscape. Western area of HKI adjacent to Sungai Tengar protected area. Sungai Tengar protected forest is a habitat for Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp wurmbii). The remaining forest area of HKI where it is connected to the protected area is capable to support Orangutan existence. In the area, some species classified as RTE are identified. Therefore, the area not only support biodiversity inside concession area, but also support biodiversity in conservation/protected area. This area identified as HCV area, where the buffer 500m from protected forest is HCV management area. Air Hitam Landscape. Some species classified as RTE are identified in western area of HKI adjacent with Muara Kendawangan nature preserve and the south eastern area of HKI adjacent with Sungai Jelai protected area. Air Hitam landscape has a meadow and forest cover. The remaining forest area is very important for Orangutan. Both protected areas are Orangutan habitat. Therefore, the area not only support biodiversity inside concession area, but also support biodiversity in conservation/protected area. Remaining forest area of HKI where connecting to Sungai Jelai protected area and Muara Kendawangan nature preserve capable to support the existence of Orangutan. This is a HCV area, and buffer 500m from those protected area is a HCV management area.

Sub HCV 1.2 –Present Definition Criteria Critically endangered species Critically endangered species (or sub-species) based on IUCN Red List

Orangutan in Kendawangan landscape. based on information from the community, Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp. Wurmbii), can still be found in the riparian forest of the Kendawangan River. Based on the precautional approach, these areas are considered HCV 1.2. Orangutan in Air hitam landscape. Orangutan have been observed by Ekologika staff during previous visits to the area. Existence has also been confirmed by communities. These areas are considered HCV 1.2. Trenggiling (Manis javanica), these animals have a wide range of habitats from primary forests to areas close to settlements, but good forests will be suitable habitats for their livelihoods. Belangiran (Shorea balangeran) is abundant in heath forest and peat swamp forest especially in estate 11. Meranti paya (Shorea platycarpa) can be found only in peat swamp forest. It is listed in the IUCN red list as CR. Shorea smithiana is a Borneo endemic species only found in Kediuk Hill at an altitude of 150- 400 m above sea level. Based on land cover and habitat preference, this species is predicted to present within PT HKI area. Data on distribution and population of this species is very limited and dated. The species is classified as CR (Critically Endangered) on IUCN Red List. Therefore, due to precautionary principles, HCV 1.2 is considered potentially present until further supporting data is obtained. All remaining forest area in landscape is a HCV area, and all remaining forest area of HKI is a HCV management area.

Sub HCV 1.3 – Present Definition Criteria Viable Populations of Endangered, - All CR, EN, VU species as listed on IUCN Red List Restricted Range or Protected - Restricted range species occurred in one island or part of it Species - Species protected by Indonesia Law - Species listed on CITES Appendix I and II

Within landscape assessment: Present at Kendawangan– 20 Avifauna, 29 Mammals and 25 flora. Present at Blok Air Hitam: 16 avifauna, 25 mammals and 11 flora.

Vegetation. Within landscape assessment, 25 vegetation species in Kendawangan landscape and 11 vegetation species in Air Hitam landscape classified as Endangered and Vulnerable according to IUCN Red List are found and identified as HCV 1.3. Table 6. List of HCV 1.3 Vegetation Species recorded in and around PT HKI

Status Location

No. Nama Species IUCN CITES PP No 7 Endemic 1 Aporosa lucida (Miq.) Airy Shaw E 3

2 Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. VU II 3

3 Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser VU 1,2.5

4 Cotylelobium melanoxylon (Hook.f.) Pierre EN 3.5

5 Durio lanceolatus Mast. E 3

6 Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis VU 5

7 Endiandra elongata Arifiani E 5

8 Glochidion kerangae Airy Shaw E 3,5

9 Gymnostoma nobile (Whitmore) L.A.S.Johnson E 3,5

10 Lithocarpus pusillus Soepadmo E 5

11 Memecylon scolopacinum Ridl. E 3

12 Palaquium cochleariifolium P.Royen E 5

13 Polyalthia flagellaris (Becc.) Airy Shaw E 3

14 Pternandra cogniauxii M.P.Nayar E 3

15 Shorea balangeran Burck CR 5

16 Shorea leprosula Miq. EN 3

17 Shorea pallidifolia P.S.Ashton CR E 5

18 Shorea parvistipulata F.Heim. E 3

19 Shorea smithiana Symington CR E 3

20 Shorea uliginosa Foxw. VU 5

21 Sindora beccariana de Wit E 3

22 Syzygium elliptilimbum (Merr.) Merr. & L.M.Perry E 5

23 Vatica oblongifolia Hook.f. E 3

24 Vatica pauciflora Blume EN 3

25 Xanthophyllum rufum A.W.Benn. E 3 Notes: CR : Critical Endangered EN : Endangered VU : Vulnerable App. I : species whose utilization is subject to strict regulations, so as not to jeopardize their survival App. II : species that has not been threatened but will be threatened with extinction if excessively exploited V : Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa End : Endemic

Mammals: Within the landscape assessed, 29 mammal species in Kendawangan landscape and 25 mammal species in Air Hitam landscape are classified as Endangered and Vulnerable according to IUCN Red List are found and identified as HCV 1.3.

Table 7. List of HCV 1.3 Mammals Species recorded in and around PT HKI

Species Status Location CITE No Scientific Common Name IUCN S PP No 7 End Kend A.Htm 1 Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque LC App.II v v

2 Macaca nemestrina Pig-tailed Macaque VU App.II v v 3 Nasalis larvatus Proboscis Monkey EN App.I v E v v 4 Presbytis rubicunda Maroon Leaf Monkey LC App.II v E v v

5 Trachypitecus cristatus Silvered Langur NT App.II v v v

6 Muntiacus atherodes Bornean Yellow NT v v v Muntjac 7 Muntiacus muntjak Southern Red LC v v v Muntjac 8 Rusa unicolor Sambar Deer VU v v v 9 Galeopterus variegatus Sunda Flying Lemur LC v v

10 Prionailurus planiceps Flat-headed Cat EN App. I v v

11 Neofelis diardi Sunda Clouded VU App. I v v v Leopard 12 Prionailurus Leopard cat LC App.II v v v bengalensis 13 Hylobates albibarbis Bornean Agile EN App.I v E v v Gibbon 14 Nycticebus menagensis Bornean Slow Loris VU App.I v E v v

15 Manis javanica Pangoline CR App II v v v

16 Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Otter EN App II v v

17 Lutrogale perspicillata Smooth Otter VU App II v v v

18 Mydaus javanensis Sunda Stink-badger LC v v 19 Pongo pygmaeus Bornean Orangutan CR App. I v E v v wurmbii 20 Petaurista sp Flying Squirrel v v

21 Ratufa affinis Pale Giant Squirrel NT App. II v v v

22 Rheithrosciurus Tufted Ground VU v macrotis Squirel 23 Sus barbatus Bearded pig VU v v

24 Tarcius bancanus Western Tarsier VU App.II v v v

25 Tragulus kanchil Lesser Mouse-deer LC v v v

26 Tragulus napu Greater Mouse-deer LC v v v 27 Tupaia glis Common Treeshew LC App.II v

28 Tupaia tana speciosa Large Treeshrew LC App.II v v

29 Helarctos malayanus Sun bear VU App.I v v v

30 Cynogale bennettii Otter-Civet EN v v v

31 Hemigalus derbyanus Banded Palm Civet NT App. II v Notes : CR : Critical Endangered EN : Endangered VU : Vulnerable LC : Less Concern App. I : species whose utilization is subject to strict regulations, so as not to jeopardize their survival App. II : species that has not been threatened but will be threatened with extinction if excessively exploited V : Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa End : Endemic

Birds: Within the landscapes assessed, 20 bird species in Kendawangan landscape and 16 bird species in Air Hitam landscape are classified as Endangered and Vulnerable according to IUCN Red List are found and identified as HCV 1.3. Table 8. List of HCV 1.3 Bird Species recorded in and around PT HKI

Species Status Location No. CITE PP No Scientific Common Name IUCN End Kend A. Htm S 7 1 Haliastur indus Brahmany Kite II v v v 2 Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Grey-headed Fish Eagle II v v 3 Pernis ptilorhyncus Oriental Honey Buzzard II v v v 4 Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent Eagle II v v 5 Nisaetus chirhatus Changeable Hawkeagle II v v 6 Elanus caeruleus Black - wing Kite II v v 7 Pandion haliaetus Osprey II v v v 8 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated kingfisher v v v 9 Pelargopsis capensis Stork-billed kingfisher v v v Rufous-backed 10 Ceyx rufidorsa v v v kingfisher 11 Todirhampus chloris Collared kingfisher v v v 12 Alcedo meninting Blue-eared kingfisher v v v 13 Ciconia stormii Storm's – stork END v v 14 Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser Adjutant VU v v v 15 Lonchura fuscans Dusky munia E v v 16 Setornis criniger Hook-billed Bulbul VU v 17 Ketupa ketupu Buffy Fish-Owl II v v 18 Anthracoceros albirostris Oriental Pied Hornbill II v v v 19 Microhierax fringillarius Black-thighed Falconet II v v v 20 Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon I v v v 21 Melanoperdix nigra Black Partridge VU v v Notes : VU : Vulnerable App. I : species whose utilization is subject to strict regulations, so as not to jeopardize their survival App. II : species that has not been threatened but will be threatened with extinction if excessively exploited End : Endemic V : Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa

An area in Kendawangan Block has been identified as an important corridor for the sunbear. This species has been seen in this area using Acacia plantation and other land use types. Management of this area need special attention even though it is not a natural ecosystem. It could be available for rubber development as long as small areas are opened at one time and connectivity between sunbear habitats (HCV Areas) is maintained.

Sub HCV 1.4 – Not Present Definition Criteria Habitat of Temporary Use by Certain species that needs a specific habitat in their life cycle, Species or Congregations of where they congregate, stay, breed, migrate, etc is considered as Species keystone habitat

Species may stay in several habitats during different phase of its lifecycle. Their use might be seasonal or during stressful period, and important to the sustainability of overall population. Such habitat is called keystone habitat. No keystone habitat found in assessment landscape.

5.3 Explanation for HCV 2 Identifcation - Landscape-level ecosystems and ecosystem mosaics, Undisturbed Forest Landscape

Large landscape-level ecosystems and ecosystem mosaics, that are significant at global, regional or national levels, and that contain viable populations of the great majority of the naturally occurring species in natural patterns of distribution and abundance.

HCV 2.1 – Not Present Definition Criteria Large Natural Landscapes with Core Area >20,000 ha consists of unfragmented natural habitat Capacity to Maintain Natural Ecological Processes and Dynamics

Based on ground check and GIS analysis, unfragmented landscape is not present, both in Kendawangan and Air Hitam landscape. SPOT 6 satellite imagery recorded on March-April 2016 and Landsat 8 imagery recorded on June and October 2016, shown that the remaining forest area is 13.494,35 Ha, not yet buffered into 3 km, made the core zone less than 20,000 ha.

HCV 2.2 – Not Present Definition Criteria Areas that Contain Two or More Area should have two or more continuous representative Contiguous Ecosystems ecosystems within landscape – with ecotone/ecocline

Based on ecosystem mapping and ground check in both landscape, Kendawangan and Air Hitam, contiguous ecotones and ecoclines not present. Fire and conversion has caused fragmentation to natural ecosystem in the area.

HCV 2.3 – Not Present Definition Criteria Areas that Contain Representative Extensive area with surrogate biodiversity/landscape necessary to Populations of Most Naturally support such species. Occurring Species

Other species considered as representative population of most naturally occurring species include the presence of all of the following: Nycticebus menagensis (Kukang), Presbytis rubicunda (Kelasi), Trachypithecus cristatus (Lutung), Nasalis larvatus (Bekantan), Macaca fascicularis (Monyet), Macaca nemestrina (Beruk) Hylobates albibarbis (Owa Kalawat), Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii (Orangutan), These species can represent/serve as proxy for landscapes that have a near natural condition. However, the landscape condition of the study is a fragmented forest mosaic by roads, settlements, mining areas or ex-mines and oil palm plantations. The species are trapped in forest fragments, not capable to support each other.

5.4 Explanation for HCV 3 Identification – Ecosystem and Habitat

HCV 3 – Present Definition Criteria Rare, threatened, or endangered Threatened ecosystems, habitats or refugia. 1. Lost 50% or more of initial area of a biogeographical ecosystem unit. 2. Will lose 75% or more of the initial area, based on the assumption that all HPK/APL area will be converted. Rare: natural ecosystem that covers less than 1-5% of biogeographical area.

To determine rare and threatened status, the greater geographical unit of Kalimantan should be taken into account. First, if the current range of a regional proxy ecosystem has dwindled more than 50% of its historical distribution for Kalimantan or specific for concession area, such ecosystem is considered threatened. Moreover, if the current range of a regional ecosystem is less than 1% of the total range of all natural ecosystems in the area, the ecosystem is considered rare. Based on the calculation of proxy ecosystem and ground check, a rare ecosystem is found in the area. Present in Kendawangan. Threatened: heath forest, peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open wetland, mixed dipterocarp lowland forest. Rare: Open wetland. Present in Air Hitam. Threatened: heath forest, peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open wetland. Rare: Open wetland. All ecosystem found in landscape and concession area.

5.5 Explanation for HCV 4 Identification – Ecosystem Services

Basic ecosystem services in critical situations including protection of water catchments and control of erosion of vulnerable soils and slopes. HCV 4.1 – Present Definition Criteria Areas or Ecosystems Important for - Forest in watershed area is in good condition and able to the Provision of Water and function in regulating water in downstream area. Prevention of Floods for - Forest in watershed is in good condition and able to function in Downstream Communities regulating water in downstream area. If the area provides services to supply water or prevent flood. - Forest ecosystem, such as cloud forest, montane ridge forest, riparian ecosystem, karst forest, wetland ecosystem including peatland, grassland, have a significant hydrological function

Based on ground check, natural vegetation that can help control flood is still present in Kendawangan and Air Hitam landscape. River and all existing ecosystem is crucial in controlling flood and providing fresh water. HCV 4.2 – Present Definition Criteria Areas Important for the Prevention Forest area with steep slopes and Erosion Hazard Level (Tingkat of Erosion and Sedimentation Bahaya Erosi, TBE) >180 ton/ha/year, good forest cover to prevent erosion, landslide and sedimentation.

Based on field observation and GIS analysis, the potential erosion hazard ranges from low low in flat to rolling topography areas, up to very high (TBE>180 ton/ha/year) in hilly areas with slope gradient >40%. Hills within assessment area must be protected to prevent erosion due to high rainfall. Therefore, areas with TBE>180 ton/ha/year are considered important to control erosion and sedimentation. HCV 4.2 only identified in Kendawangan landscape.

HCV 4.3 – Present Definition Criteria Areas that Function as Natural Natural forest with good condition is not prone to fire. For example, a peat Barriers to the Spread of Forest or forest with an intact hydrology system, swamp forest, wetlands, and other Ground Fire green lines consists of fireproof plants will be able to deter forest fire.

Based on Interview, in 1997-1998, a huge fire hit in HKI area. On 2012 there was a fire at Muara Kendawangan Nature preserve. Greenpeace recorded a forest fire in Air Hitam Block on 2013, 2014, 2015. Mekar Utama Village suffered a fire in 2016. Forest or wetland ecosystem can prevent the spread of forest fire. Therefore, such area/ecosystem has an important value as natural fire barrier. Forest, open wetland, river with riparian forest play a significant role as natural fire barriers.

5.6 Explanation for HCV 5 Identification – Community Needs

HCV 5 – Present Definition Criteria Sites and resources fundamental for satisfying the basic - Sites or natural resources fundamental for necessities of local communities or indigenous peoples satisfying substantial basic needs of local (for example for livelihoods, health, nutrition, water), community, irreplaceable, and managed in identified through engagement with these communities or traditional and/or sustainable manner by its indigenous peoples. user/owner/manager.

The attributes of HCV 5 are the primary natural resources or places/lands to meet basic needs and are useful as a source of livelihood. Resources / places managed or taken by citizens (their products) to meet their own needs (food, drink, clean water, firewood, etc.) or (these are for sale) to earn money to meet other basic needs (clothing, housing, transportation, education, health, etc.). Smallholder rubber plantations are assessed to be HCV 5 as there are people who still maintain their rubber plantation as an inheritance and key source of livelihood. Oil palm plantations are not assessed to be HCV 5 as these are regarded as a commercial activity rather than as fulfilling basic needs. In addition, growing palm oil on land zoned for forestry is illegal.

Table 9. HCV 5 Identification of Kendawangan Block Basic Needs Attribute Level of interest Availability and Affordability Natural Resource HCV of Alternatives Management / Utilization Yes/No Rice fields Padi lokal, ketan merah, No more people who do farming Meet the needs of rice by buying. No more farming because of pests No ketan putih activities to meet the needs of food and the ban on land clearing by No one is planting local and everything is obtained by burning rice for food buying Fresh water Seluang, parau, toman, Fresh water fish has been a major Fish is easy to get, Another Residents fishing by using traps Yes fish gabus, tapah, bantak, source of protein for a long time., alternative to get meat protein is to and trawls, fishing rods, seurak, Fishing by using keparas, patung, kekapar, are mostly consumed by buy from a merchant. nets, and gulps. They are fishing traditional system, not belida, siluk, biawan, themselves. If they get excessive only for own consumption. If they using chemical poison kepuyuh, baung, junjung, then some sold as additional get more fish, then it will be sold. palok, rampai income Biyuku, Labi-labi dan penyu Not a basic need for protein needs. Available alternatives. Livestock Not specifically hunted. These No product, buying meat from seller animals are taken when Not HCV 5 because accidentally encountered in the these species are a river protected species and are not a primary requirement of protein fulfilment Meat Rusa, babi hutan, ayam Hunting wildlife to meet protein Available alternatives. Livestock Hunting is done opportunistically : No hutan, kijang, pelanduk, needs only additional, it’s not a product, buying meat from seller no limitation for size of the animals This species is still in trenggiling, monyet, kelasi, daily activity being hunted, no special time for consumption if found kera, beruk, klempiau, hunting, and hunting locations but contrary to HCV 1 bentangan, ular sawa, depending on the season. then it does not biawak become HCV Vegetables Jengkol, umbut nangka, It's no longer dependent on certain Cultivation of vegetables in the yard harvesting those vegetables while No rebung, umbut jelayan, types of vegetables from the forest, of houses such as chili, cassava, going to the fields, river or forests. It's no longer daun jengkol, daun cucumber. Buy vegetables from a dependent on certain bebarak, daun paku, untuk seller. types of vegetables habis melahirkan; from the forest, and cempedak hutan, asam many have cultivated saung, asam kandis, them kulat/jamur tiung Fruits Durian, teratung, kapul, It's no longer dependent on certain Cultivation of fruit crops in the yard Fruit crops are planted in former No kekalik, sebangkui, betapik, types of fruits from the forest, and fields of houses such as fields and not overthrown because It's no longer rukam, kebauk, kalik babui, bananas, rambutan, limes, and of the land ownership markers. dependent on certain lembawang, pauh mango acids. Buy fruit from a seller types of fruits from the forest, and many have cultivated them Tools 1. Tools and handicraft – People still use and make their own A practical alternative is available, Harvesting the rattan material as Yes Rattan tools to fishing (bubu, kecuk, but people prefer to make their own needed and choose the appropriate Harvesting the rattan penggak, etc.), farming / gardening, tools and work tools because the size of the rattan, straight, good, material as needed various baskets to bring stock or raw materials are still available and old. harvest (tengkalang, kindai) and around the village, cheaper and others more durable. 28

Basic Needs Attribute Level of interest Availability and Affordability Natural Resource HCV of Alternatives Management / Utilization Yes/No 2. Tool and handicraft – Timber as raw material used to Timber materials are still needed to The type of wood to be used as Yes Timber : Kayu medang, make boat and oars for fishing make a canoe, but the type is hard boat material is chosen best by Restriction of type and kayu pelaik, kayu leban, to find. looking at the physical shape and size of the wood meranti size / dimensions required. 3. Tools and handicraft – Many people still use to make mats but people prefer to make their own Harvesting raw material as needed Yes Leaves : for various purposes and various tools and work tools because the from riparian around the settlement. Daun perupuk, pandan, work tools. raw materials are still sought around Purun growth along the river purun, jakas, mengkuang the village, cheaper and more durable. Building Belangiran, meranti, nyatoh, Wood is still the main material in Many home building components They cut of the by them self in Yes Materials: kerukup, kempas, pakit building a house. It is important for must use wood and no replacement. forest or riparian or swamp. Trees Restriction of type and Timber building materials such as home Currently wood can still be obtained that are harvested are over 25 cm size of the wood foundation and home frame. but difficult and further to obtain it. in diameter to ensure the sustainability of the supply which is currently reduced considerably due to fires occurring each year. Firewood Kayu Leban, pansik, People still use firewood as a fuel LPG gas is now commonly used by Fulfillment of firewood needs is No mensirak, mensirak, simpur, for cooking but not the main one. the public and easily available in available around the settlement. Wood fuel is used as a mentapai village stalls. Communities take from trees that reserve fuel source by are in a state of decay or death most people. The main fuel used is LPG gas 3 kg size. Medicine Pucuk ketuat, pucuk There are still many people who Using medicines purchased from Citizens have knowledge about the Yes sambung, pucuk kecaping, use traditional medicine that come local shops or they go to the nearest plants to treat certain types of pasak bumi, akar kuning, from nature/forest. health centre diseases. Some types of plants are brotowali, langir, daun taken as needed and some are sirsat, daun siri, akar tatak, collected for storage. gambir, pucuk guala, Daun Cucer, Daun Simpur for deer bait, Serai, Pahiyan (akar wangi), Pasak Bumi, Akar Tengkuk Biawak, Akar Temiang, Akar Lalang. Clean water Springs Most people depend on spring Water quality from springs is Residents keep their springs by Yes for drinking water for drinking and cooking. considered better than other water planting various trees. Since and cooking sources. hereditary, there is a prohibition to cut down trees that grow around the springs. The area around the spring is also prohibited for the activity of cultivation. River Some villages depend on rivers for For some village, river is the only Residents maintain the upstream Yes clean water for drinking and source for clean water. It is used area by planting life plants and cooking throughout the year or they buy woody trees. There is already a ban water refill. on the use of toxins and stuns in the process of catching fish in the 29

Basic Needs Attribute Level of interest Availability and Affordability Natural Resource HCV of Alternatives Management / Utilization Yes/No river. River water is picked up with pumps and housed in homes. However, residents throw all household waste into the river. Clean water River Some people still depend on river Get water from dug wells and drilled Residents utilize water pumps to Yes for sanitation for sanitation wells. Utilizing rain water take water from the river, but it also Some families still use utilizes the river flow directly to river water public sanitation. Subsistence Vegetables fields and fields This land is important as a location Utilizing the area of former rice The former area of the field is used Yes land for growing vegetables for fields for vegetable planting. to grow vegetables used for the There are people who consumption and sale; cucumber, fulfilment of their own food needs still farming for their chili, cassava, taro and banana own needs Economic land Small holder Rubber There are people who use land for Utilizing land to grow rubber Rubber plantation land is not well Yes plantation economic purposes by planting maintained, rubber plant is allowed There are people who rubber crops as an additional to grow without any treatment. still maintain their income rubber plantation as an inheritance and income Small holder palm oil There are people who use land for Utilizing fields to growth pal oil, the Palm oil growth using fertilizer and No plantatiion economic purposes by planting land is located within the herbicide the location of oil palm palm oil as an additional income concession of PT. HKI plantations within the forest area

Table 10. HCV 5 Identification of Air Hitam Block Availability and Affordability of Natural Resources HCV Basic Needs Attribute Level of Interest Alternatives Management/Utilization Yes/No Rice Fields Rice: Ketumbar, Nilon, Rice is the staple food of the The harvest is just enough to meet There are residents Yes Umbang, Kenaikan, Bidadari, community. There are still some the needs for 7-8 months only. The (especially the older There are residents Tengkiding, Dua Sakat, residents who move to cultivate cultivation in natai (dryland areas) generation) who still plant rice (especially the older Tampui, Buya, Selumang their carbohydrate needs. has not been done anymore (melakau), the seeds used generation) who still Plupuk, Rimbuk, Rajam, Undak because of locust pest attack. The are local rice. Generally, in plant rice (melakau) Papai, Raia Bulan, Unggul people get rice by buying to a shop one year only one time to Glutinous rice (padi pulut): or shop in each village and some plant rice. Laketan Ruai, Laketan Tarap, are buying out of the village. Laketan Kijang, Laketan Tentahuwa, Laketan Baku, Laketan Tebadak, Laketan Kendaian, Laketan Begincir, Laketan Batung, Laketan Gading, Laketan Pulut Rutut, Laketan Sambas, Laketan Kapal Paca Fresh water Toman, Tapah, Baung, Fresh water fish has been a major Fish is easy to get, Another Residents fishing by using Yes fish Kerandang, Sapat, Puyuk, source of protein for a long time., alternative to get meat protein is to traps and trawls, fishing rods, Fishing by using Gabus, Junjung, Patung, are mostly consumed by buy from a merchant. seurak, nets, and gulps. The traditional system, not Paluik, Siluk, Pia Lulut, Pia Api, themselves fish only for own using chemical poison Keparas, Janjau, Seluang, consumption. If they get more Kemembuntu, Kilat, Lele, fish, then it will be sold. Kemburing, Kepohong, Kemaning, Tempala, Kanjing, Bantak, Junga, Janjau Bangkar, Kulan, Tilan Api, Haruan, Cuncungarut, Kemuring, Mihau, Jungak, Kepuyuk, Piang Bantak Non-fish: Biyuku, Labi-labi, Not a basic need for protein Available alternatives. Livestock Not specifically hunted. These No Kura-kura needs. product, buying meat from seller animals are taken when This species is still in accidentally encountered in consumption if found the river but contrary to HCV 1

Meat Babi, Kijang, Rusa, Hunting wildlife to meet protein Available alternatives. Livestock Hunting is done No Gagas/kancil, Pelanduk, needs only additional, it’s not a product, buying meat from seller opportunistically: no limitation This species is still in Landak, Trenggiling, Biawak daily activity for size of animals being consumption if found hunted, no special time for but contrary to HCV 1 hunting, and hunting locations depend on season. Vegetables Umbut Naga, Umbut Runjai, Not depend on forest vegetables People has vegetable cultivation in Umbut Nanga, Umbut Runjai, No Umbut Palas, Umbut Lupuk fields or yard. They plant taro, corn, Umbut Palas, Umbut Lupuk. It is no longer depend egg plant, beans, rice, Keribang, All these vegetables get from on certain types of potato, cucumber, gambas, paria, riparian zones. vegetables from the forest 31

Availability and Affordability of Natural Resources HCV Basic Needs Attribute Level of Interest Alternatives Management/Utilization Yes/No Gondok Gundur, Lapang, Kucai, chilli, turmeric. Fruits Teratungan, Sebangkui, Sanik, Not depend on certain fruits from Cultivation of fruit crops in the yard Fruit trees are generally No Keranji, Tapus, Tapah Darah, forest of the house and gardens, such as allowed to grow / not felled. It is no longer depend Tapah Susuk, Tapah Ketak, Banana, Durian, Pineapple, on certain types of Buah Maram Merah/Darah, Orange, Rambutan, Asam, Mango, fruits from the forest. Buah Maram Putih, Hakam, Jackfruit, Duku, Pemadeh Sane, Many people already Jelayan, Tangkah, Cupai, Gemalai, Sarai, Cashew. They can cultivated some fruits Sipun, Limat, Asam buy fruit from the nearest seller Kalimantan, Air Penia Work Tools Rattan of natai: Dahanin, People still use and make their A practical alternative is available, Take the rattan material as Yes and handicraft Tempirik, Buaya, Sagak. Rattan own tools to fishing (bubu, kecuk, but people prefer to make their own needed and choose the of swamp: Hiur Kundang, penggak, etc.), farming / tools and work tools because the appropriate size of the rattan, Marau, Lantong, Bungkulan, gardening, various baskets to raw materials are still available straight, good, and old. Radam Katam, Juruk, Nanga, bring stock or harvest (tengkalang, around the village, cheaper and Rautan Lupuk kindai) and others more durable. Bamboo: Kinjil People use bamboo to make A practical alternative is available, Some people, especially No basket, tangkin when they go to but people prefer to make their own craftsmen, cultivated bamboo farm, bags of betel-nut, penangkil, tools and work tools because the at their yard penyampik / capan to clean rice, raw materials are still sought cupak to place rice or food used in around the village, cheaper and traditional ceremony. more durable. Timber – Boat: Belangiran, Residents use the boat as a of There are still residents who make The timber that will be used Yes Meranti, Medang, Musuk transportation and as a means of boat orders residents of other for boat is buy from residents Limit and choose the fishing. villages / villages. Buy a boat or who usually look for wood or type and size of the buy materials in the city of Manis sometimes the maker will look wood to be felled Mata district for 1.5-5 million or buy for it by himself. The type of wooden boards from the Kumai timber to be used as boat area in Central Kalimantan. material is chosen best by looking at the physical shape and size / dimensions required. Leaves : Purun, Purun Tikus, Many people still use to make A practical alternative is available, Take the purun material from Yes Hanyut-hanyut, Bali, Selinsing, mats for various purposes and but people prefer to make their own riparian and near settlement, Bengkuang, Lempiyang various tools tools and work tools because the Purun grows widely along the raw materials are still sought river. around the village, cheaper and more durable. Building Timber : Belangiran, Kubing, Timber is still the main raw The availability of wood materials Harvesting timber by himself Yes Materials: Perepat, Punak, Meranti, material for most people. has begun to decrease as needed in the forest or Control and choose the Resak, Ketiyau, Gimbur, Leban, considerably. Location of timber from the swamp / riverbanks. type and size of the Madang, Musuk, Renagak, extraction getting farther from Trees that are harvested are timber harvested Nyatuh, Jelutung, Kelukup, settlement. over 25 cm in diameter to Gerunggang, Bintik, Kempas, Currently, many buildings are made ensure the sustainability of Pepinang, Betulang Ular, from materials such as cement, the supply which is currently 32

Availability and Affordability of Natural Resources HCV Basic Needs Attribute Level of Interest Alternatives Management/Utilization Yes/No Makai, Sindur, Ulin, Ramin, sand, because it is more practical reduced considerably due to Tembesuk, Rengas, and easier to obtain in the building fires occurring each year. Teratungan, Pagak, Bedaru, store, but the price of building Tekam, Sembawang, Bunut, materials is more expensive. Tampui, Bekarai, Sandak, Kemang Nipah to make roof A small number of residents still There are more practical The leaves are harvested Yes use the leaves of nipah for the alternatives such as zinc and from the type of nipah plants roof of the house and the roof for asbestos available. commonly found in the the hut fields. estuary. Nipah taken is wide and old leaf. Firewood Belangiran, Pansik, Tampai, Although there is a 3kg gas fuel, LPG gas is now commonly used by Firewood is obtained by No Diapadang, Suluh, Seleban but most people still use firewood residents. collecting dead timber from Darah, Aru, Jamai, Samak because it is easy to obtain. around settlements, lakau or Malam, Ketiyau, Makai, forest. Mengkunyit, Pemblampangan, Genderian Traditional Siduk, Kaman-kaman, There are still many people who Using medicines purchased from Citizens have knowledge Yes Medicine Pelambat, Kasai 40/ Sapat 40, use traditional materials / nearest shop. about the nutritious plants to Membuntu, Akar Kutuk-Kutuk, medicine that come from nature / People go to nearest health centre treat certain types of Kayu Tengkujat, Kayu forest. to take medical treatment diseases. Some types of Penandur Urat, Gamat plants are taken as needed Belanda, Musuk, Akar and some are collected for Kendamaian, Bangkal, storage. Sambung, Siduk, Butuh, Jamai, Samak, Penebar Balik, Akar Biawak Clean water River People depend on river for Get water from dug wells and People take water as needed Yes for cooking cooking and drinking especially drilled wells. from river. They walk or and drinking when drought season Buy water refills riding motorcycle to river then put the water in 20ltrs can or 1.5lts bottles Clean water River cooking and drinking especially Get water from dug wells and People using pump to get Yes for Washing when drought season for drilled wells. water from river for their toilet sanitation Utilizing rainwater Direct income Sus barbatus, deer, pelanduk, Meat from hunting is a side Hunting is a side activity, in addition People hunting No hedhog, pangolin, lizards income for some people and as a to farming the fields, working in opportunistically, no limit to hobby companies, entrepreneurs, and the size of the animal being others hunted. They hunt by burning the meadow, a week after will grow a new grass that becomes favorite of animals, such as deer. This method is dangerous for surround, can caused fire 33

Availability and Affordability of Natural Resources HCV Basic Needs Attribute Level of Interest Alternatives Management/Utilization Yes/No Toman, Tapah, Baung, Some people has a main Fishing in the river is main activity For people at Hantak and Yes Kerandang, Sapat, Puyuk, livelihood as a fisherman. for some people. Although there Sukamaju sub village, fishing Gabus, Junjung, Patung, are companies around and they is the main activity for their Paluik, Siluk, Pia Lulut, Pia Api, can work at the company, they livelihood. Although there are Keparas, Janjau, Seluang, choose fishing as their source of companies around and they Kemembuntu, Kilat, Lele, livelihood. can work at the company, Kemburing, Kepohong, they choose fishing as their Kemaning, Tempala, Kanjing, source of livelihood. Bantak, Junga, Janjau Bangkar, Kulan, Tilan Api, Haruan, Cuncungarut, Kemuring, Mihau, Jungak, Kepuyuk, Piang Bantak Pasir Puya The main livelihood for some Is a main economic activity for Mining is conducted along the No residents. some residents. Although the price Air Hitam Kanan River. of puya 'is declining, they do not Mining done mechanically: have much choice of employment using diesel engines for due to limited knowledge and skills. sluicing / spraying along river banks. Nipah Leaves Additional income for some people Nipah is easy to get along the river Nipah found in estuary. Yes to estuary People harvesting the old and wide leaves Subsistence Field for rice cultivation Paddy fields are important as rice No other farming areas. The There are residents Yes land cultivation areas to meet basic cultivation in natai (dryland areas) (especially the older food needs. has not been done anymore generation) who still plant rice because of locust pest attack. (melakau), the seeds used are local rice. Generally, in Villages buy in village store. one year only one time to plant rice.

Rice cultivation in a few spots and no longer under shifting cultivation system. Economic Small holder Rubber plantation There are people who use land for Utilizing fields to grow rubber Rubber plantation land is not Yes Land economic purposes by planting well maintained, rubber plant There are people who rubber crops as an additional is allowed to grow without any still maintain their income treatment. rubber plantation as an inheritance and income Small holder palm oil plantation There are people who use land for Utilizing fields to grow palm oil, the Palm oil growth using fertilizer No economic purposes by planting land is located within the and herbicide the location of oil palm palm oil as an additional income concession of PT. HKI plantations within the forest area

Table 11. HCV 5 Summary Kendawangan Air Hitam Groups Attribute(s) HCV Area /Location Attribute(s) HCV Area/Location 1. Rice - - Rice fields and Pulut 2. Fresh Water fish Seluang, parau, toman, gabus, tapah, Toman, Tapah, Baung, Kerandang, Sapat, bantak, keparas, patung, kekapar, belida, Puyuk, Gabus, Junjung, Patung, Paluik, Siluk, siluk, biawan, kepuyuh, baung, junjung, Pia Lulut, Pia Api, Keparas, Janjau, Seluang, palok, rampai Kemembuntu, Kilat, Lele, Kemburing, Kepohong, Kemaning, Tempala, Kanjing, Bantak, Junga, Janjau Bangkar, Kulan, Tilan Api, Haruan, Cuncungarut, Kemuring, Mihau, Jungak, Kepuyuk, Piang Bantak. 3. Fresh water for River and spring river drinking and cooking 4. Fresh water for river river sanitation 5. Construction Material timber Timber and nipah 6. Work tools and craft Timber, Rattan, leaves (perupuk, pandan, Timber, Rattan, leaves (Purun, Purun Tikus, purun, jakas, mengkuang) Hanyut-hanyut, Bali, Selinsing, Bengkuang, Lempiyang) 7. Medicine - Pucuk ketuat, pucuk sambung, pucuk - Siduk, Kaman-kaman, Pelambat, Kasai 40/ kecaping, pasak bumi, akar kuning, Sapat 40, Membuntu, Akar Kutuk-Kutuk, Kayu brotowali, langir, daun sirsat, daun siri, Tengkujat, Kayu Penandur Urat, Gamat akar tatak, gambir, pucuk guala , Daun Belanda, Musuk, Akar Kendamaian, Bangkal, Cucer, Daun Simpur for deer bait, Serai, Sambung, Siduk, Butuh, Jamai, Samak, Pahiyan (akar wangi), Pasak Bumi, Akar Penebar Balik, Akar Biawak Tengkuk Biawak, Akar Temia 8. Direct income source - Rubber plantation - Nipah, fresh water fish, rubber plantation 9. Subsistence land Vegetable field Rice field

5.7 Explanation for HCV 6 Identification – Cultural Values

HCV 6 – Present Definition Criteria Sites, resources, habitats and - Sites, resources, habitat and landscape with high cultural landscapes of global or national value, recognized by national policy and legislation cultural, archaeological or historical - Sites, resources, habitat and landscape established legally significance, and/or of critical cultural, from national government and/or international institution such ecological, economic or religious/sacred importance for the as UNESCO traditional cultures of local - Sites, resources, habitat and landscape with recognized communities or indigenous peoples, important historical and cultural value, even if not protected by identified through engagement with legislation. these local communities or indigenous - Religious or sacred sites, resources, habitat and landscape peoples. (cemetery, or site for traditional rites, which is important to local community) - Plants or animal with totemic value or used in traditional ceremonies.

HCV 6 attributes can be places / lands, natural resources or objects, and habitats that are important cultural places for tribal, sacred places, and species of plants or animals related to tradition / culture - even identity as indigenous communities / tribe. Table 12. Summary of Identified HCV 6 Attributes and Locations in PT HKI

Kendawangan Air Hitam No. Group Area/Location Attribute Area/Location Attribute 1 Sacred Desa Mekar Batu Peniatan Selinsing, Batu Air Hitam Hulu Hutan Keramat Padang Ipuk, Sites Utama: Peniatan Pembunuhan Hutan Adat Natai Pinang, Ipuk Badak Di Batu Desa Air Terjun Peniatan Landau Air Hitam Bagan Selinsing and Tanjung Banjarsari: Sawa, Batu Peniatan Kuping Besar Duku Kupang Kuala Mading Danau Burung Hutan Adat Natai Belian Hutan Adat Cangkam Babi Desa Selimatan Hutan Adat Tohong Air Hitam Air Tarap Tetabusan: Pohon Keramat Jaya: Pulai and Ulin (Bantan) Desa Batu Peniatan Air Ketitak, Kedondong: Batu Buaya, Pelaik Genthing, Batu Peniatan Air Berguruh Desa Kuala Batu, on S. Pangkalan Pangkalan Batu, Batu: Hutan Adat: Dungun Besar, Bukit Jering 2 Culturally Mekar Utama Kampung Lama/Tua Suku Air Hitam Hulu: Tetabusan important Dayak, Bagan Ramai Kawasan Keramat Ilang locations Betakok Banjarsari Kampung Lama/Tua Suku Air Hitam Tetabusan Darat and Air Dayak: Kampung Batu Besar Pohon Keramat Pulai dan Ulin (Bantan) Selimatan Jaya: Kampung Lama/Tua Suku Dayak Kedondong Kampung lama/tua suku dayak, Bagan Durian Sungai Jelayan: Kampung lama: Pengerawan, Naning, Lembayang, Mengkabang, Runjai, Bukit Kekurak, Bagan Buluh, Mangkuk, Bagan Umar, Ubar Manis, Arai Pelanai, Titi Urat,Kubangan, Tong

Kendawangan Air Hitam No. Group Area/Location Attribute Area/Location Attribute Pilasan, Air Putih, Durian Tujuh, Rumah Tinggi, Pakit, Jurung, Lakap, Busung Tanah, Biulak, Bagan Rukam, Kebauk, Pak Ruik, Bukit Tebadak, Sungai Menggaris, Mungguk, Serandik, Bagan Lalang, Bagan Buluh, Bagan Dukuk, Lembawang, Kalimantan, Terantung, Landau Piar Pangkalan Kampung Lama/Tua Suku Batu: Dayak: Kampung Dungun Lama/Besar, Teluk Benyawai. Tanjung Lipat Gunting, Bagan Tarap, Dukuh Birai, Peruas 3 Important Desa Mekar Butun, kaman-kaman for Air Hitam Hulu Timber (sensabang, kayu species for Utama stomach upset, idup-idup, jelumpang, traditional Pucuk sembung, Junai, kelaban/jamai, siduk, tetanjan, culture Tarap, Pelai, Kumpang segulang kampung, dan malik- Tudung, Ketimbang, Mali- malik)-bamboo (buluh, paring, mali, Akar Kulit,Tepus temiyang, kinjil, batung, haur, jungkut, Punang habik, paring hanyang), balang, kunyit, rumput gragat ganting, rumput sarang- sarang-Buah, batang, dan akar

Murai Batu (Voice signifies to be more careful doing activities). Burung Kelakak (voice can indicate the success of treatment).

Eagle (The eagle's sound is a bad omen) Klempiau (Some sounds are omen of coming disaster) Desa Banjarsari Pucuk jambu, buah keribijak, Air Hitam Timber(sensabang, kayu idup- bulangan, buah tanjan, akar Besar: idup, jelumpang, taban-taban, akar langie, kelaban/jamai, siduk, tetanjan, patar wali, pasak bumi, akar segulang kampung, dan malik- tengkuk biawak, akar malik)-Batang/dahan /akar temiang, akar lalang, kencur, Bamboo (buluh, paring, jahe, kunyit temiyang, kinjil, batung, haur, habik, paring hanyang)- Batangnya Pinang, kelapa, kumpang balang, kunyit, rumput gragat ganting, rumput sarang- sarang-Buah, batang, dan akar

Murai Batu (Sound), Burung Kelakak, Eagle (sound) Klempiau (sound) Desa Greget genting, kunyit bauk, Air Tarap Timber (sensabang, kayu Kedondong idup-idup, tarap idup-idup, jelumpang, Pucuk jambu, buah keribijak, kelaban/jamai, siduk, tetanjan, bulangan, buah tanjan, akar segulang kampung, dan malik- taban-taban, akar langie, malik)-Batang/dahan /akar patar wali, pasak bumi, akar

Kendawangan Air Hitam No. Group Area/Location Attribute Area/Location Attribute tengkuk biawak, akar Bamboo (buluh, paring, temiang, akar lalang, kencur, temiyang, kinjil, batung, haur, jahe, kunyit habik, paring hanyang)- Batangnya, Pinang, kelapa, kumpang balang, kunyit, rumput gragat ganting, rumput sarang-sarang-Buah, batang, dan akar

Murai Batu (Sound), Burung Kelakak, Eagle (sound) Klempiau (sound) Desa Sungai Kayu: tabai-tabai, mali-mali, Jelayan: segulang, kumpang, kayu lari, garung, paring, ketimbang, gaharu. Buah untuk upacara adat; sebangkui, kekalik Plants:: idup-idup, gurun benua Padi : ketan merah, ketan putih Desa Tetabus use kayu paring Pangkalan Batu 4 Sacred Mekar Utama: Kampung Lama, Air Runjai, Air Hitam Hulu Air Di Maram Burial Makam Paela, sites / Makam Hamzah tomb Sungai Jelayan: Naning, ubar manis, pengerawan, cuncung,air merah, teluk bayur, kempas, bagan lalang, bagan buluh bagan dukuk, lembawang, kalimantan, teratung, landau piar Pangkalan Kuburan Lama/Tua: Kuburan Batu: Dungun besar/lama, kuburan birai, Peruas, makam bukit Jering, makam suku dayak di setiap dusun

5.8 Stakeholder Consultation

Consultation with Key Stakeholders and interest groups was carried out through a variety of approaches before and during the assessment. Consultation with local communities and key traditional community figures was done during FGD and participatory surveys of HCV 5 and 6. HCV Assessment results at the village level were consulted with a broad group of village members (8-16 September 2017) to obtain agreement on the results – freely and without coercion, so that the consequences of HCV identification and their management were fully understood. Inputs of the consultation have been incorporated in the final assessment report. For wider stakeholder consultation, stakeholder consultation workshops were held prior to (11 April 2017) and after the assessment (30-31 October 2017) and attended by government organisations, NGOs, high education, traditional community organisations, faith-based organisations, and private sector operating in the landscape. Community representatives, Village government, and Sub-district government were also in attendance during the post-assessment stakeholder consultations. During the post assessment consultation workshop, results of HCV identification and their distribution (HCVA) were presented. Threats to the HCV and recommendations for management and monitoring – including all maps that showed management areas of HCV were discussed.

Table 13. Summary of Stakeholder Consultation for PT HKI Type of Name Consultation (Organization/Expertise) Concern and Recommendation Assessor Response Workshop Susana Heni (Dinas KPP Increase socialization to minimize impact, Management Inform participants that several stages of activities conducted with the (11 April 17) Ketapang) to protect and maintain HCVs, Ease of access to areas community, Informing that the HCV area is still accessible to the public designated as HCVs, Farming areas should be but with some arrangements, Incoming farming areas as HCV areas considered for food security remain in their function Workshop Sri Kusnadi (Manggala Agni Participatory mapping for high risk area to fire, making Accommodated in the HCV management and monitoring (11 April 17) Ketapang) easier to find water recommendation Workshop Adi Susila (BKSDA In the Air Hitam landscape, Proboscis Monkey is Checking for possible presence of bears and oOrangutan during (11 April 17) Ketapang) conservation priority species. HKI should build animal surveys. corridors to Muara Kendawangan nature preserve. Consider advice from BKSDA as recommendation material. In the Kendawangan landscape there is a sun bear (based on 2016 BKSDA survey), and there are 68 types Accommodated animal corridor in the HCV management and of feed so worth to be maintained. HKI 6 and HKI 9 are monitoring recommendation used as Bear Monitoring Site. CR species found in HKI are: orangutan, pangolin, 145 Proboscis Monkey. Workshop Desi Kurniawati (Yayasan Identification of ecosystems and HCVs need to be as Identify ecosystems according to the time available (11 April 17) Palung) accurate as possible. Concession activities can cause increased damage in Conduct HCV assessments as best as possible within the time protected areas. Special MOUs should be made available Incorporate recommendation of landscape management of between government agencies and companies for the protected area management. management of 2 protected forest and CA MK for the protection of the area, so that the protected area can be well maintained. Workshop Zulfahmi (Yayasan . Existence of CR species and the existence of forest Accommodated wildlife corridor in the HCV management and (11 April 17) International Animal Rescue cover adjacent to HL and CA indicates that monitoring recommendation Indonesia (YIARI)) concession areas are important for conservation . Based on existing Orangutan distribution maps, orangutan exist in PT HKI concession area – so remaining forest areas are important for conservation. . Judging from the concession cover adjacent to CA and HL, it is necessary to establish habitat (corridor) for these animals. . Wildlife corridors in the landscape should not be fragmented as a result of concession management . The Orangutan conflict in Kendawangan is quite high. . From analysis carried out by IAR, conflict between orangutan and humans in Kendawangan is high.

Type of Name Consultation (Organization/Expertise) Concern and Recommendation Assessor Response Workshop Susana Heni (Dinas KPP) Asking about assessment method Explain the survey method used and how to determine it• HCV method (11 April 17) 1-3 transect for vegetation and bird mammals by taking samples of ecosystem representation• Mammals, Transects with samples at each representation of ecosystems with repetition 2 times• Opportunity survey by looking at the preliminary results• Identifying results to analyse whether any species are categorized as endangered, if there is any meaning to HCV 1.2 Workshop Lutfi Faurasal Hasan (LSM what method is used during scooping study? does it use Only based on secondary data and information from community (11 April 17) K3) transects? Workshop Adi Susilo (BKSDA Orangutan and Proboscis Monkey are found in the Species list accommodated in report (30 Oct 2017) Ketapang) Muara Kendawangan Nature preserves. From BKSDA data, the majority of orangutan are found in the area of kendawangan estuary. Workshop Herianto (Untan) . There should be a team doing pongo calculations Accommodated in the HCV management and monitoring (30 Oct 2017) . Creation of corridors within the landscape recommendation . HKI must have SOPs to reduce internal threats, and have reference to HCV management Workshop Abdurahman (KBK) many migratory birds are found in the Air Hitam additional information in the review (30 Oct 2017) landscape. The company should increase its capacity for HCV monitoring. Workshop Sigit (LH Provinsi) AMDAL Data as basic information for this assessment provide information that the study uses AMDAL data as initial data (30 Oct 2017) Workshop Haryadi (KPH) there should be a formation of fire-fighting and forest Accommodated in the HCV management and monitoring (30 Oct 2017) handling task forces recommendation Workshop Iswan (Untan) there should be further studies about heath forest Accommodated in the HCV management and monitoring (30 Oct 2017) recommendation Workshop Kepala Desa Kedondong Warning and sign boards should be placed and Already accommodated in HCV management and monitoring (30 Oct 2017) socialised with community otherwise it will be difficult to recommendation implement. Workshop Zulfahmi (Yayasan There should be forest connection, wildlife corridor to Accommodated wildlife corridor in the HCV management and (30 Oct 2017) International Animal Rescue support the existence of Orangutan monitoring recommendation Indonesia (YIARI)) Workshop Desi Kurniawati (Yayasan There is no mitigation for river pollution threats. There Already accommodated in HCV management and monitoring (30 Oct 2017) Palung) should be regular water checks. HKI must have SOP recommendation about water management Workshop Thomas Lukas (tetua adat) • Socialization of HCV areas• Communities are invited to Already accommodated in HCV management and monitoring (30 Oct 2017) maintain and provide understanding of the benefits of recommendation maintaining HCVs (to be clear)

Type of Name Consultation (Organization/Expertise) Concern and Recommendation Assessor Response Workshop Iswan (Untan) Hutan Adat can be solution for HCV 5, timber for work accommodated community involvement into HCV management and (30 Oct 2017) tools and building material. • Community involvement on monitoring recommendation forest management: communities participate actively in managing forests, customary forests are recognized Workshop Bpk. Sadri (Bapeda) • HCV area not yet displayed• Sharing the results of Provide table of HCV area (30 Oct 2017) studies with the government• Sharing results to avoid program activity collisions Workshop Zulfahmi (Yayasan initiate alternative livelihood so that people are not Accommodated alternative livelihood into HCV management and (30 Oct 2017) International Animal Rescue dependent on forests monitoring recommendation Indonesia (YIARI))

6 HCV MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

HCV management consists of activities from planning, organizing, coordination and monitoring of identified HCV within a certain area. The objective of HCV management is not limited to protection of HCVs but also to maintain and if possible, improve HCVs in the management area. Monitoring is a series of activities to document, inventory and collect proof of changes and to evaluate the results and achievement. High Conservation Value Area (HCVA): An area that possesses one or more high conservation values. This may comprise forest and non-forest areas. High Conservation Value Management Area (HCV MA): The area over which one or more forms of management is undertaken to ensure maintenance or enhancement of one or more HCV in the area. The HCVMA for a particular HCV may be larger or smaller than the corresponding HCVA. Threats against HCVs may come from both internal and external sources. Threat identification for each HCV category and/or sub-category is presented based on the source (External or internal) in matrixes below. HCV 1-4 management objectives are: (1) HCV1: Maintain, protect individual species and population; (2) HCV 2: maintain large landscape; (3) HCV 3: protect overall ecosystem habitat or rare, threatened, or critically endangered refugia, and improve ecosystem value; (4) HCV 4: maintain and improve ecosystem services important to preventing floods, sedimentation, erosion and forest fire. HCV 5 and HCV 6 management objectives are to ensure local and indigenous community have sustainable access to HCV 5 and HCV 6 attributes in the short to long term (strategic objective) and are not unexpectedly denied access to these value without their agreement (tactical objective).

Table 14. Identification of Internal Threats and Management to Protect HCV in PT HKI HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes Internal Threat Management for Internal Threat HCV 1.1 Areas that Forest inside concession area adjacent to Low understanding about protected areas - Affirmation and protection of HCV Contain or Provide a protected forest Opening forest area adjacent to protected forest Area 1-3 by not converting forest Biodiversity Support Opening of block roads within assessment area into Function to Protection or plantation area Conservation Areas - Establishment of protected area for HCV 1 and HCV 3 inside concession area. HCV 1.2 Critically Pangoline (Manis javanica) Orangutan Low understanding about protected wildlife - - Protected areas for HCV 1.2 and 1.3 Endangered Species (Pongo pygmaeus ssp wurmbii) - Access or access improvement that encourages hunting are marked with stone border marker (IUCN red list - CR) - Opening of block roads instead of road or ditch, and - Land clearing SOP is not available information boards are installed. forest clearing that is an animal habitat - - Awareness campaign for staffs, day HCV 1.2 Critically Meranti (Shorea pallidifolia), Belangiran - Low understanding about protected wildlife laborers, and contractor on the Endangered Species (Shorea balangeran), Meranti (Shorea - Access or access improvement that encourages hunting existence and the importance of HCV (IUCN red list - CR) smithiana), Shorea Smithiana - Opening of block roads 1-3 wildlife, vegetation, habitat and - Land clearing SOP is not available ecosystem forest clearing that is an animal habitat - - Provide handbook/pocket book and HCV 1.3 Viable Vegetation: 25 species in Kendawangan and - Staff and contractor’s lack of understanding about HCV 1.3 information boards contains pictures Populations of 11 species in air hitam species and general description of HCV 1 – 3, Endangered, Restricted - Access or access improvement that disrupt habitat species HCV 1.2, HCV 1.3 and HCV Range or Protected 2.3 species indicator Species - Develop SOP for land clearing and HCV 1.3 Viable Mammals: 29 species in Kendawangan, 25 - Low understanding about protected or rare wildlife maintenance operations conducted Populations of species in air hitam - Access or access improvement that encourage hunting near HCV 1 and HCV 2 protected Endangered, Restricted - Absence of SOP regarding the handling of TTD / RTE area to avoid disrupting HCV 1.2, Range or Protected animals when land clearing activities HCV 1.3 and HCV 2.3 species Species - Road planning and construction HCV 1.3 Viable 20 bird species in Kendawangan and 16 - Low understanding about protected or rare wildlife should not create fragmentation on Populations of species in air hitam - Access or access improvement that encourage hunting forest to protect habitat for HCV 1.2 Endangered, Restricted - Absence of SOP regarding the handling of TTD / RTE and HCV 1.3 species. Range or Protected animals when land clearing activities - No constructing of roads near HCV 1- Species 3 protected area HCV 3. Rare, threatened, Kendawangan. Threatened: heath forest, - Fragmentation of forest ecosystem or endangered peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open - Lack of understanding on rare and endangered among ecosystems, habitats or wetland, mixed dipterocarp lowland forest. company staff refugia. Rare : Open wetland. - Land clearing of forest and open wetland area Air Hitam Threatened: heath forest, peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open wetland. Rare : Open wetland. HCV 4.1. Areas or Waterbodies and riverbank, mixed - Pollution of river water due to fertilization activities - Affirmation and protection of HCV Ecosystems Important for dipterocarp lowland forest, riparian forest, - River contamination due to washing and spraying Area 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 by not the Provision of Water heath forest, peat swamp forest, open - Preparation and improvement of new facilities and converting forest within assessment and Prevention of Floods wetland infrastructure of the company can lead to blockage of river area into plantation area for Downstream flows and floods Communities 43

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes Internal Threat Management for Internal Threat - Establishment of nursery and plantation area near the water - Practicing Best Management source Practices for land clearing around - Opening of river border area HCV Area 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 - Opening of forest remnants by company - Repairing altered river courses - The accumulation of certain pesticide and fertilizer - Mapping all rivers and tributaries and applications has had a disruptive impact on reproduction re-measuring riparian zones that ecosystems that are difficult to recover. should be protected - Weakening of preventive SOP enforcement resulting in poor - Ensure the implementation of SOP water management on washing boundary of spray - HCV management is not included in SOPs between divisions. equipment (drainage into river) and - Lack of understanding of ecosystem services: flood give sanctions for perpetrators. prevention and water providers - Ensure the implementation of SOP HCV 4.2 Areas Important Hilly area with TBE value > 180 ton/ha/year - Land clearing in hill slope on waste management for the Prevention of - Lack of understanding on forest function in preventing erosion - Using mechanical and vegetative Erosion and land conservation techniques for Sedimentation road construction in slope area or HCV 4.3 Areas that All forest and open wetland area - Forest clearing for oil plantation block area with TBE <180 ton/ha/year Function as Natural - Forest clearing for infrastructure construction - planting in hill area following the Barriers to the Spread of - Lack of understanding on forest function as fire barrier among rules of HPT Forest or Ground Fire UM staffs - Ensure the implementation of SOP on land cover crop planting and maintaining in slope area or area with erosion potential <180 ton/ha/year - Provide handbook/pocket book and information boards contains pictures and general description of HCV 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 - Awareness campaign for staffs and contractors on ecosystem service functions - Regular participatory patrol in HCV Area 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 to control illegal logging in forest and upstream area HCV 5 Carbohydrate - Rice fields, pulut rice - Land Conversion - Establish SOP on HCV 5 Source - Conflicted HCV management management which provide protection on HCV 5 against HCV 5 Protein Source Fresh water fish : Baung, Toman, River pollution from operational waste such as leaves, wood - - potential damage caused by Kerandang, Kakap, Kelabau, Keparau, litter disposal plantation/operation activities, and to Semangas, Kekepar, Jujung, Seluang, Failure to implement HCV approach at employee, staff and - ensure community access to HCV 5 Kemuring, Kembuntuk, Injauwan, contractor levels natural resources Berambang, Kandang, Lele, Tapah Dissemination of HCV 5 HCV 5 Fresh water for Spring, river Construction activities and plantation operation in water - - management tools and drinking and cooking catchment area implementation enforcement - No buffer between oil palm tree and springs. - Potential contamination from fertilizer residue, herbicide, pesticide and rodenticide near water catchment area 44

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes Internal Threat Management for Internal Threat - River pollutiion from operational waste such as leaves, wood - Installation of information board on litter disposal restriction on operational activities in - Failure to implement HCV approach at employee, staff and HCV management area contractor levels - Socialization of HCV 5 management HCV 5 Fresh water for Wells and river water - Construction activities and plantation operation is water and monitoring plan at management sanitation catchment area level - Potential contamination from fertilizer residue, herbicide, pesticide and rodenticide near water catchment area. - Alteration of river flow and oil palm planting in riverbanks - Land conversion of riverbank HCV 5 Direct Income rubber plantation, fruit - infrastructure - Conflicted HCV management between HCVs - Socio-economic development of the community has not become a priority of UM / Company HCV 5 Non-Timber nipah - Potential land conversion for expansion or infrastructure Construction Material - Conflicted HCV management between HCVs

HCV 5 Timber Timber - Potential land conversion for expansion or infrastructure Construction Material - Conflicted HCV management between different HCVs - Socio-economic development of the community has not become a priority of UM / Company HCV 5 Work tools Timber - Weak implementation of management and monitoring plans at the field level. - Conflicted HCV management between HCVs - Socio-economic development of the community has not become a priority of UM / Company HCV 5 Subsistence field Vegetables field, rice fields - Potential land conversion for expansion or infrastructure - Conflicted HCV management between HCVs HCV 5 Medicine Pucuk ketuat, pucuk sambung, pucuk - Potential land conversion for expansion or infrastructure kecaping, pasak bumi, akar kuning, brotowali, - Conflicted HCV management between different HCVs langir, daun sirsat, daun siri, akar tatak, gambir, pucuk guala, Daun Cucer, Daun Simpur utntuk umpan rusa, Serai, Pahiyan (akar wangi), Pasak Bumi, Akar Tengkuk Biawak, Akar Temiang, Akar Lalang HCV 6 Sacred Sites − Batu Peniatan Selinsing, - Potential land conversion for expansion or infrastructure - Establish SOP on land preparation − Batu Peniatan Pembunuhan Badak - location of HCV 6 is not clearly marked integrated with HCV 6 components − Air Terjun Peniatan Landau Sawa - Reduced and loss of HCV 6 sites along with the artefacts and - Dissemination of aforementioned − Batu Peniatan Kuping Kupang local/tribal history SOP to staff and contractors, − Hutan Adat Tohong Air Hitam - Lack of understanding HCV 6 sites among contractors and including introduction to identified − Batu Peniatan Air Ketitak, UM Staffs. sacred site/HCV 6, important species − Batu Buaya, - HCV 6 management is not a priority for Mus - Land clearing is supervised by Land Failure to implement HCV approach at employee, staff and Preparation Assistant with the − Pelaik Genthing, - contractor levels knowledge on the importance of HCV − Batu Peniatan Air Berguruh HCV management is not yet integrated in SOP 6 − Kuala Batu, di s.Pangkalan Batu, - 45

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes Internal Threat Management for Internal Threat − Hutan Adat: Dungun Besar, Bukit Jering - Staffs and contractors are not knowledgeable on the location − Hutan Keramat Padang Ipuk of HCV 6 sites − Hutan Adat Natai Pinang − Ipuk Di Batu − Bagan Selinsing dan Tanjung Duku − Danau Burung − Hutan Adat Natai Belian − Hutan Adat Cangkam Babi − Kuala Mading HCV 6 Sacred tomb − Kampung Lama, Air Runjai, Paela tomb, − Hamzah tomb − Naning, ubar manis, pengerawan, cuncung,air merah, teluk bayur, kempas, bagan lalang, bagan buluh bagan dukuk, lembawang, kalimantan, teratung, landau piar − Old tomb: Dungun besar/lama, kuburan birai, Peruas, tomb of bukit Jering, Air Di Maram HCV 6 Important Cultural Kampung lama Sites HCV 6 Culturally − wood (sensabang, kayu idup-idup, - Potential land conversion for expansion or infrastructure Important Species - jelumpang, kelaban/jamai, siduk, tetanjan, - Fire vegetation segulang kampung, dan malik-malik)- - Conversion of protected area Stem / limb / roots - HCV 6 management is not a priority for Mus − Bamboo (buluh, paring, temiyang, kinjil, - HCV management is not yet integrated in SOP batung, haur, habik, paring hanyang), - Staffs and contractors are not knowledgeable on the location balang, kunyit, rumput gragat ganting, of HCV 6 sites rumput sarang-sarang-Buah, batang, dan akar − Greget genting, kunyit bauk, idup-idup, tarap − Pucuk jambu, buah keribijak, bulangan, buah tanjan, akar taban-taban, akar langie, patar wali, pasak bumi, akar tengkuk biawak, akar temiang, akar lalang, kencur, jahe, kunyit HCV 6 Culturally − Murai Batu (sound) Important Species - − eagle(sound) animals − Burung Kelakak − Klempiau (sound)

Table 15. Identification of External Threat and Management of HCV in PT HKI

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes External Threat Management for External Threat HCV 1.1 Areas that Forest inside concession area adjacent - Lack of knowledge on protected forest area - Provide alternative protein source Contain or Provide to protected forest - Forest fragmentation due to provincial road to alleviate hunting of HCV 1.2. Biodiversity Support - Illegal logging HCV 1.3 species Function to - Forest and land fires - Hunting prohibition for HCV 1.2. Protection or - Encroachment of forest area HCV 1.3 species Conservation Areas - Patrol with local people to reduce HCV 1.2 Critically Pangoline (Manis javanica) Orangutan - Forest and land fires illegal logging and poaching. Endangered Species (Pongo pygmaeus ssp wurmbii) - CR species hunting - Encourage law enforcement for (IUCN red list - CR) - Lack of Community knowledge about CR illegal logging cases HCV 1.2 Critically Meranti (Shorea pallidifolia), - Forest and land fires - Work with local tribes to regulate Endangered Species Belangiran (Shorea balangeran), - Cutting down trees of Critically Endangered species (CR) logging in forest classified as (IUCN red list - CR) Meranti (Shorea smithiana), Shorea - Lack of Community knowledge about CR species HCV1.2, 1.3 management area Smithiana - Facilitate agreement between communities to regulate logging. HCV 1.3 Viable Vegetation: 25 species in - Forest and land fires Enforcement / agreement making Populations of Kendawangan and 11 species in air - Deforestation of trees of TTD / RTE species - procedures, diameter restrictions Endangered, Restricted hitam - Lack of Community knowledge about TTD / RTE species Range or Protected and number of timber stands to be Species harvested between communities using timber resources, HCV 1.3 Viable Mammals: 29 species in - Forest and land fires Work with local tribes and village Populations of Kendawangan, 25 species in air hitam - TTD/RTE species hunting - government to develop village and Endangered, Restricted - Lack of Community knowledge about TTD/RTE Range or Protected farmland development plans. Species HCV 1.3 Viable 20avian species in Kendawangan and - Forest and land fires Populations of 16 species in air hitam - TTD/RTE species hunting Endangered, Restricted - Lack of Community knowledge about TTD/RTE Range or Protected Species HCV 3. Rare, Kendawangan. Threatened : heath - Forest and land fires threatened, or forest, peat swamp forest, riparian - Illegal logging endangered ecosystems, forest, open wetland, mixed - Encroachment of forest area habitats or refugia. dipterocarp lowland forest. Rare : - Lack of community knowledge about ecosystem Open wetland. Air Hitam. Threatened : heath forest, peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open wetland. Rare : Open wetland. HCV 4.1. Areas or Waterbodies and riverbank, mixed - Land clearing by burning - Participatory patrols within HCV Ecosystems Important dipterocarp lowland forest, riparian - Weak enforcement of customary rules related to violations of the 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 area to control for the Provision of forest, heath forest, peat swamp forest, use of environmentally friendly fishing gear or the use of illegal logging at upstream area Water and Prevention of open wetland hazardous and toxic materials. - Create agreement with Floods for Downstream - Potential land conversion of protected area communities, tribe elders and Communities - Potential riverbanks/riparian forest to community fields village officials to regulate timber - Pollutant compounds from herbicide residues, and pesticides in harvesting and avoid disrupting community production activities 47

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes External Threat Management for External Threat - Fishing with poison ecosystem services (HCV 4.1, 4.2, - Mining 4.3) - Illegal logging in riverbanks - Installation of information board that - Fire contains picture and general - Weak law enforcement on timber and non-timber harvesting description of HCV 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3, - Lack of community understanding of ecosystem services: flood in the name of village government, prevention and water providers local tribe and company HCV 4.2 Areas Important Hilly area with TBE value > 180 - Land conversion on the hill - Provide information to local people for the Prevention of ton/ha/year - Lack of understanding on forest function in preventing erosion on ecosystem service functions Erosion and - Fire Sedimentation - Weak law enforcement on timber and non-timber harvesting HCV 4.3 Areas that All forest and open wetland area - Forest conversion Function as Natural - Illegal logging Barriers to the Spread of - Hunting by burning the meadow Forest or Ground Fire - Land clearing by burning - Lack of community knowledge about firebreaks - Weak law enforcement on timber and non-timber harvesting HCV 5 Carbohydrate - Rice fields, pulut rice - Invasive species such as acacia - Establish and enforce HCV 5 Source - Land fire management rules - The absence of fertile land - Community organizing and capacity - Reduced land building for communities who - Regulations on HTI do not consider the need to build food manage HCV 5 attributes security - Socialisation and education on HCV HCV 5 Protein Source - Fresh water fish : Baung, Toman, - Fishing in unsustainable ways such as using chemical fish 5 management in each community Kerandang, Kakap, Kelabau, poison, tuba, stun - Installation of information board in Keparau, Semangas, Kekepar, - Waste from other companies the name of village government, Jujung, Seluang, Kemuring, - Ecosystem changes caused by the operation of several local tribe and company Kembuntuk, Injauwan, Berambang, companies along the river basin. - Community based Kandang, Lele, Tapah - Lack of public understanding of the importance of river hydrometeorological risk ecosystem functions, as the area of HCV 5 providers. management and climate change - Not paying attention to sustainability that tends to be exploitative adaptation and opportunistic. - Establish village spatial pattern - Weak enforcement of customary rules related to violations of the use of environmentally friendly fishing gear or the use of hazardous and toxic materials HCV 5 Fresh water for Spring, river - conversion of local protected area drinking and cooking - Illegal Logging in local protection zone areas. - Forest fires in local protection zones. - Loss of buffer zones of rivers and springs. - Waste from other companies - Drought due to water reservoir (canal) - Lack of public understanding of the importance of protected area functions - Weak law enforcement on local protected areas - Bad practice of implementing land use rules.

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes External Threat Management for External Threat HCV 5 Fresh water for Wells and river water - conversion of local protected area sanitation - Illegal Logging in local protection zone areas. - Forest fires in local protection zones. - Loss of buffer zones of rivers and springs. - Waste from other companies - Drought due to water reservoir (canal) - Lack of public understanding of the importance of protected area functions - Weak law enforcement on local protected areas - Bad practice of implementing land use rules. HCV 5 Direct Income rubber plantation, fruit - Land for sale - Land conversion become monoculture plantation - Fire / burning of land and forest in land clearing. - The community has not taken care of rubber plantation - Unstable rubber price - Money-based economy - - Regulations on HTI plantations do not consider the need to build food security. HCV 5 Non-Timber nipah - Land and forest fires Construction Material - Land covert ion to plantation by community - Lack of public understanding of the importance of river ecosystem function, river border, and village / customary forest area as HCV 5 provider area. HCV 5 Timber Timber - Illegal logging by outsiders for commercial Construction Material - Land and forest fires - Land covert ion to plantation by community - Construction of infrastructure by the government (roads, bridges etc. - Lack of public understanding of the importance of river ecosystem function, river border, and village / customary forest area as HCV 5 provider area. - Increased market demand for local timber. - Not paying attention to sustainability that tends to be exploitative and opportunistic. - Lack of public understanding of customary law and government HCV 5 Work tools Timber - Forest and land fires, both caused by natural factors and factors of human negligence. - Not paying attention to sustainability that tends to be exploitative and opportunistic. HCV 5 Subsistence field Vegetables field and rice fields - Invasive species such as acacia - Land fire - The absence of fertile land - Reduced land - Regulations on HTI do not consider the need to build food security

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes External Threat Management for External Threat HCV 5 Medicine Pucuk ketuat, pucuk sambung, pucuk - Socio-economic development of the community has not become kecaping, pasak bumi, akar kuning, a priority of UM brotowali, langir, daun sirsat, daun siri, - Weak implementation of MU management and monitoring plans akar tatak, gambir, pucuk guala, Daun at the field level. Cucer, Daun Simpur utntuk umpan - HCV management is not included in SOPs between divisions. rusa, Serai, Pahiyan (akar wangi), - Forest and land fires, both caused by natural factors and factors Pasak Bumi, Akar Tengkuk Biawak, of human negligence. Akar Temiang, Akar Lalang - Land conversion due to economic pressure HCV 6 Sacred Sites − Batu Peniatan Selinsing, - Land clearing by burning - Develop model information on site − Batu Peniatan Pembunuhan Badak - Lack of understanding about history location, from relevant authority − Air Terjun Peniatan Landau Sawa - Unapproved historic sites in villages or communal adat sites and and/or village government − Batu Peniatan Kuping Kupang there is no agreed size of area - Periodic check to prevent land − Hutan Adat Tohong Air Hitam trade − Batu Peniatan Air Ketitak, - Participatory mapping on HCV 6 − Batu Buaya, and establish the area as local protection zone − Pelaik Genthing, Establish spatial pattern for − Batu Peniatan Air Berguruh - village/tribes − Kuala Batu, di s.Pangkalan Batu, − Hutan Adat: Dungun Besar, Bukit Jering − Hutan Keramat Padang Ipuk − Hutan Adat Natai Pinang − Ipuk Di Batu − Bagan Selinsing dan Tanjung Duku − Danau Burung − Hutan Adat Natai Belian − Hutan Adat Cangkam Babi − Kuala Mading HCV 6 Sacred tomb − Kampung Lama, Air Runjai, Paela tomb, − Hamzah tomb − Naning, ubar manis, pengerawan, cuncung,air merah, teluk bayur, kempas, bagan lalang, bagan buluh bagan dukuk, lembawang, kalimantan, teratung, landau piar − Old tomb: Dungun besar/lama, kuburan birai, Peruas, tomb of bukit Jering, Air Di Maram HCV 6 Important Cultural Kampung lama Sites HCV 6 Culturally − wood (sensabang, kayu idup-idup, - Potential land conversion Important Species - jelumpang, kelaban/jamai, siduk, - Fire vegetation tetanjan, segulang kampung, dan - Conversion of protected area malik-malik)- Stem / limb / roots - Lack of understanding about forest 50

HCV/Sub-HCV HCV Attributes External Threat Management for External Threat − Bamboo (buluh, paring, temiyang, - Weak of law enforcement at both village and adat levels kinjil, batung, haur, habik, paring hanyang), balang, kunyit, rumput gragat ganting, rumput sarang- sarang-Buah, batang, dan akar − Greget genting, kunyit bauk, idup- idup, tarap − Pucuk jambu, buah keribijak, bulangan, buah tanjan, akar taban- taban, akar langie, patar wali, pasak bumi, akar tengkuk biawak, akar temiang, akar lalang, kencur, jahe, kunyit HCV 6 Culturally − Murai Batu (sound) Important Species - − Eagle (sound) animals − Burung Kelakak − Klempiau (sound)

Table 16. Management Recommendation to Protect/Improve HCV in PT HKI HCV Attribute HCV Area/ HCV Management Area Management Monitoring HCV 1.1 Forest inside concession area Buffer zone with Sungai Tengar - Reforestation of opened protected zone areas - Land cover analysis every year adjacent to protected forest Protected Forest (Buffer Zones) - Ground check HCV 1.1 areas Forest, Buffer zone with Muara - Habitat improvement using local vegetation Kendawangan Nature preserve, species buffer zone with Sungai Jelai - Collaborative management in landscape with protected forest relevant stakeholders. HCV 1.2 Pangoline (Manis javanica) Forest (mixed dipterocarp lowland - Inventory populations of Orangutan and Pangolin - Ground check of HCV area every 3 Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp forest, peat swamp forest, heath - Making wildlife corridors for Orangutan. Non- months and updating habitat wurmbii) forest, riparian forest ecosystem) HCV area. - Area that is not KBKT, which in condition (HCV Area and HCV MA) animal corridor can be used as planting area by - Weekly report on logging activities paying attention to requirement of animal feed. - Monitor the presence of Orangutan - Mapping remaining forest and make it as and Pangolin every six months protected area for the preservation CR species - Study of Carrying capacity of pongo habitat - Management of orangutan corridors involving related stakeholders HCV 1.2 Meranti (Shorea pallidifolia), Forest (peat swamp forest, mixed - Inventory of population of CR vegetation species - Recording and evaluation of Belangiran (Shorea balangeran), dipterocarp lowland forest) (HCV included in Critically category successful cultivation of forest types Meranti (Shorea smithiana), Shorea Area and HCV MA) - Habitat improvement which is protected area for designated as HCV 1.2 Smithiana HCV 1.2 - Monitoring the presence of HCV 1.2 - Mapping remaining forest and make it as vegetation species every 6 months protected area for the preservation CR species - Monitor the boundaries of the HCV - A deep ecological study of the association of management area every month Belangiran (Shorea balangeran) - monthly report on logging activities 51

HCV Attribute HCV Area/ HCV Management Area Management Monitoring HCV 1.3 Vegetation: 25 species in Forest (mixed dipterocarp lowland - Inventory of population of RTE vegetation - Land cover analysis every year Kendawangan and 11 species in air forest, peat swamp forest, heath species included in HCV 1.3 - Recording and evaluation of hitam forest, riparian forest ecosystem) - Habitat improvement by planting local species on successful cultivation of forest types (HCV Area and HCV MA) HCV 1.3 area designated as HCV 1.3 - Mapping remaining forest and make it as - Population monitoring of HCV 1.3 protected area for the preservation RTE species vegetation species every semester - - Weekly report on logging activities - Monitor the boundaries of the HCV management area every month HCV 1.3 Mammals: 29 species in Forest (mixed dipterocarp lowland - Inventory of population of RTE mammal species - Population monitoring of HCV 1.3 Kendawangan, 25 species in air forest, peat swamp forest, heath included in HCV 1.3 mammal species every semester hitam forest, riparian forest ecosystem) - Making wildlife corridors for HCV 1.3 species. - Monitor the boundaries of the HCV (HCV Area and HCV MA) Non-HCV area. - Area that is not KBKT, which in management area every month animal corridor can be used as planting area by - Management area monitoring paying attention to requirement of animal habits - A monthly review with the community and food species (sunbear) and retaining for hunting reduction and wildlife connectivity – opening small parcels at a time catching activities - Mapping remaining forest and make it as protected area for the preservation RTE species - Habitat improvement by planting local species on HCV 1.3 area HCV 1.3 20 avian species in Kendawangan Forest (mixed dipterocarp lowland - Inventory of population of RTE avian species - Population monitoring of HCV 1.3 and 16 species in air hitam forest, peat swamp forest, heath included in HCV 1.3 mammal species every semester forest, riparian forest ecosystem) - Habitat improvement by planting local species on - Monitor the boundaries of the HCV (HCV Area and HCV MA) HCV 1.3 area management area every month - Mapping remaining forest and make it as - protected area for the preservation RTE species HCV 3. Kendawangan. Threatened : heath heath forest, peat swamp forest, - Reforestation in areas with connectivity with HCV - Landcover analysis on remaining forest, peat swamp forest, riparian riparian forest, open wetland, mixed 3 forest forest, open wetland, mixed dipterocarp lowland forest (HCV - Ecosystem improvement by enrichment planting - Ground check of HCV area every 3 dipterocarp lowland forest. Rare : Area and HCV MA) of native species on HCV 3 area months and updating ecosystem Open wetland - condition Air Hitam. Threatened: heath forest, - monthly report on logging activities peat swamp forest, riparian forest, open wetland. Rare: Open wetland. HCV 4.1. Waterbodies and riverbank, mixed - Forest - Riverbanks and upstream forest improvement by - Ensure the condition of the forest dipterocarp lowland forest, riparian - Riverbank planting local vegetation species. cover is not fragmented and forest, heath forest, peat swamp - Open wetland - HCV area 4.1 improvement by planting native maintained. forest, open wetland - (HCV Area and HCV MA) species - Water quality monitoring - Mapping the entire river flow either a small river - or a large river and re-measuring the river buffer, for more efficient and appropriate management HCV 4.2 Hilly area with TBE value > 180 - Hills with TBE > 180 ton/ha/year - The hill area that has no vegetation cover must - Ensure the condition of the cover is ton/ha/year (HCV MA) be planted immediately with the specified method not fragmented and maintained. and without heavy equipment. - Ensure land clearing and planting in hill areas do not violate the rules 52

HCV Attribute HCV Area/ HCV Management Area Management Monitoring - Conduct studies of invasive species for acacia - monitoring erosion on hills on the hill - Forest rehabilitation on hill if acacia is invasive species HCV 4.3 All forest and open wetland area - Forest - Forest rehabilitation with local species - Ensure the condition of the cover is - Riverbank, open wetland - not fragmented and maintained. (HCV Area and HCV MA) - Monitoring of forest areas to ensure no forest clearance occurs HCV 5 Fresh water fish : Baung, Toman, - River and riverbanks (HCV MA) - Limitation on certain types of fish or fishing at - Water quality monitoring Protein Kerandang, Kakap, Kelabau, - River (HCV Area) certain times - Observation of unsustainable fishing Source Keparau, Semangas, Kekepar, - Riverbanks improvement practices Jujung, Seluang, Kemuring, - FPIC of HCV management to local community Kembuntuk, Injauwan, Berambang, - Conduct threat monitoring system Kandang, Lele, Tapah - Enrichment of the number of local fish species HCV 5 Spring, river - Settlement (HCV Area) - restoration of ecosystems in the watershed - Water quality monitoring Fresh water - River and riverbanks (HCV MA) - Repair the area in the buffer area of the spring - Identifying management conflicts for drinking - River (HCV Area) - Preparation of adequate environmental sanitation between HCV categories and cooking around public sanitation (including public toilets). - FPIC of HCV management to local community - Conduct threat monitoring system HCV 5 Wells and river water - River and riverbanks (HCV MA) - restoration of ecosystems in the watershed - Water quality monitoring Fresh water - Settlement (HCV Area) - Repair the area in the buffer area of the spring - Identifying management conflicts for - Preparation of adequate environmental sanitation between HCV categories sanitation around public sanitation (including public toilets). - FPIC of HCV management to local community - Conduct threat monitoring system HCV 5 rubber plantation, fruit - River and riverbanks (HCV MA) - plant rule-making in forest areas to prevent land - Ensure no land conversion for new economic - Kampung lama conversion into oil palm plantations oil palm plantation areas land - Improved public understanding about cultivation - Ensuring the existence of community of forest crops to harvest NTFPs. rubber and fruit plantation - FPIC of HCV management to local community - Identifying management conflicts - Conduct threat monitoring system between HCV categories HCV 5 Timber Forest, river banks - Rehabilitation and enrichment of riparian areas, - Observation and recording of Timber customary forests, and buffer areas with local practices of timber harvesting of Construction crops to meet community needs. villagers concerned with Material - agreement of procedures, diameter restrictions, sustainability requirements and number of timber stands to be harvested - Conduct extensive measurements among communities using timber resources and timely inventory of forest stands - FPIC of HCV management to local community at locations designated as HCVs - Conduct threat monitoring system - Identifying management conflicts between HCV categories HCV 5 Work Timber Dusun Cempedak - Rehabilitation and enrichment of riparian areas, - Observation and recording of tools customary forests, and buffer areas with local practices of timber harvesting of crops to meet community needs. villagers concerned with - FPIC of HCV management to local community sustainability requirements - Conduct threat monitoring system 53

HCV Attribute HCV Area/ HCV Management Area Management Monitoring - Conduct extensive measurements and timely inventory of forest stands at locations designated as HCVs - Identifying management conflicts between HCV categories HCV 5 Work Non - Timber Riverbanks - Rehabilitation and enrichment of riparian areas, - Observation and recording of tools customary forests, and buffer areas with local practices of non-timber harvesting of crops to meet community needs. villagers concerned with - FPIC of HCV management to local community sustainability requirements - Conduct threat monitoring system - Conduct extensive measurements and timely inventory of forest stands at locations designated as HCVs - Identifying management conflicts between HCV categories HCV 5 Vegetables field and rice fields riverbanks - Making Seed Banks in each village - Implement and ensure the process Subsistence - Periodically monitor the disruption of pests / and results of the determination All field forest diseases and report regularly. areas of management / KPNKT - FPIC of HCV management to local community vegetable subsistence land is - Conduct threat monitoring system delineate - Identifying management conflicts between HCV categories HCV 5 Pucuk ketuat, pucuk sambung, pucuk Forest, settlement - Planting or enrichment of traditional medicinal - Observation and recording of non- Medicine kecaping, pasak bumi, akar kuning, plants, especially in riparian or buffer zones. timber forest produce practices by brotowali, langir, daun sirsat, daun - FPIC of HCV management to local community villagers who pay attention to siri, akar tatak, gambir, pucuk guala, - Conduct threat monitoring system sustainability provisions to ensure Daun Cucer, Daun Simpur utntuk the sustainability of medicinal plants umpan rusa, Serai, Pahiyan (akar - Identifying management conflicts wangi), Pasak Bumi, Akar Tengkuk between HCV categories Biawak, Akar Temiang, Akar Lalang HCV 6 Batu Peniatan Selinsing, Batu Forest, River - Making HCV 6 presence board information on - Monitoring the existence of HCV 6 – Sacred Sites Peniatan Pembunuhan Badak, Air HCV 6 areas in collaboration with villages sacred sites and community access Terjun Peniatan Landau Sawa, Batu - Boundary of HCV 6 areas to HCV 6- sacred sites Peniatan Kuping Kupan, Hutan Adat - Buffer zone between plantation areas and HCV 6 Tohong Air Hitam, Batu Peniatan Air areas as agreed, between 50-100 meters Ketitak, Batu Buaya, Pelaik Genthing, - FPIC of HCV management to local community Batu Peniatan Air Berguruh, Kuala - Conduct threat monitoring system Batu, di S. Pangkalan Batu, Hutan Adat: Dungun Besar, Bukit Jering, Hutan Keramat Padang Ipuk, Hutan Adat Natai Pinang, Ipuk Di Batu, Bagan Selinsing dan Tanjung Duku, Danau Burung, Hutan Adat Natai Belian, Hutan Adat Cangkam Babi, Kuala Mading

HCV Attribute HCV Area/ HCV Management Area Management Monitoring HCV 6 − Kampung Lama, Air Runjai, Paela Settlement, forest - Creating a handbook on the whereabouts of HCV - Monitoring the existence of HCV 6 – Sacred tomb tomb, 6 and HCV 6 areas that are disseminated and sacred tomb and community access − Hamzah tomb distributed to employees and villagers to HCV 6- sacred tomb − Naning, ubar manis, pengerawan, - Making HCV 6 presence board information on cuncung,air merah, teluk bayur, HCV 6 areas in collaboration with villages kempas, bagan lalang, bagan - Buffer zone between plantation areas and HCV 6 buluh bagan dukuk, lembawang, areas as agreed, between 50-100 meters kalimantan, teratung, landau piar - Creating HCV 6 marks and boundaries such as − Old tomb: Dungun besar/lama, fences or other agreed by the citizens kuburan birai, Peruas, tomb of - FPIC of HCV management to local community bukit Jering, Air Di Maram - Conduct threat monitoring system HCV 6 Kampung lama forest - Creating a handbook on the whereabouts of HCV - Monitoring the existence of HCV 6 – Important 6 and HCV 6 areas that are disseminated and important cultural sites and Cultural distributed to employees and villagers community access to HCV 6- Sites - Making HCV 6 presence board information on important cultural sites HCV 6 areas in collaboration with villages - Buffer zone between plantation areas and HCV 6 areas as agreed, between 50-100 meters - Creating HCV 6 marks and boundaries such as fences or other agreed by the citizens - FPIC of HCV management to local community - Conduct threat monitoring system HCV 6 − wood (sensabang, kayu idup-idup, Forest, settlement - Support the writing of books on the history of - Monitoring the existence of HCV 6 – Culturally jelumpang, kelaban/jamai, siduk, adat and other local knowledge with the important vegetation and community Important tetanjan, segulang kampung, dan cooperation of others access to HCV 6 Species - malik-malik)- Stem / limb / roots - FPIC of HCV management to local community vegetation − Bamboo (buluh, paring, temiyang, - Conduct threat monitoring system kinjil, batung, haur, habik, paring hanyang), balang, kunyit, rumput gragat ganting, rumput sarang- sarang-Buah, batang, dan akar − Greget genting, kunyit bauk, idup- idup, tarap − Pucuk jambu, buah keribijak, bulangan, buah tanjan, akar taban- taban, akar langie, patar wali, pasak bumi, akar tengkuk biawak, akar temiang, akar lalang, kencur, jahe, kunyit HCV 6 − Murai Batu (sound) forest - Support the writing of books on the history of - Monitoring the existence of HCV 6 – Culturally − eagle(sound) adat and other local knowledge with the important animals and community Important − Burung Kelakak cooperation of others access to HCV 6 Species - − Klempiau (sound) - FPIC of HCV management to local community animals - Conduct threat monitoring system

Map 4. HCV 1.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 5. HCV 1.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 6. HCV 1.2 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan

Map 7. HCV 1.2 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 8. HCV 1.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 9. HCV 1.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 10. IFL (Intact Forest Landscape) in HKI Area

Map 11. HCV 2.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 12. HCV 2.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 13. HCV 3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan landscape

Map 14. HCV 3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area Air Hitam landscape

Map 15. HCV 4.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 16. HCV 4.1 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 17. HCV 4.2 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 18. HCV 4.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 19. HCV 4.3 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 20. HCV 5 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 21. HCV 5 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

Map 22. HCV 6 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 23. HCV 6 – HCV Area and HCV Management Area, Air Hitam Landscape

7 SYNTHESIS OF HCV CONSERVATION AREAS AND MANAGEMENT AREAS

HCV management is basically an adaptive management effort to protect (mitigate the threat), maintain (fulfil the requirements to support sustainability), improve (the quality and quantity of values) - of a HCV. The management strategy is not only through the management of the area that is set aside, but can be management in all HKI concession areas while still paying attention to the development objectives of the plantation (long-term economy). Keeping in mind the guiding principles of the HCV approach and HCVRN charter approach, and demanding accountability from the management unit in respecting the right of community FPIC, especially indigenous communities. The management areas of HCVs in HKI are largely not allocated to a single HCV, but area 'shared' areas of several HCVs. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate HCV management planning taking into account the provisions for protection of multiple values. Table 17 summarises the area of each individual HCV and HCV management area per Estate and Block. Table 18 summarises areas of HCV Management areas identified that will need to be managed in addition to the HCV areas themselves. Note that columns for each Estate should not be totalled as the individual HCVs are frequently overlapping. Table 19 and Table 20 summarise the land use recommendation for the PT HKI area. Table 19 sets out recommendations purely based on the HCV assessment (i.e. does not take into account current RKU zoning. Table 20 includes the addition of RKU realted conservation commitments into the No Go area. Recommendations are grouped into the following categories: 1. Go Area refers to areas that can be developed by HKI without any HCV related restrictions. This category includes existing plantations except where they overlap with HCV or HCV management areas. 2. Go Area with Conditions/notes, this area can be developed with all provisions of HCV management (land preparation, spraying and fertilizing): • Scrub and open land on steep land within HCV 4.2 (and not overlapping on any other HCV). This area can be cultivated by complying with the rules of HPT, not using heavy equipment and the forest floor must be closed. Conduct studies of invasive species for Acacia on the hill. Forest rehabilitation on hill if acacia is invasive species. • Areas already developed by PT HKI on river buffer areas (HCV 4.1) and on steep land (HCV 4.2). • Non-natural vegetation areas in the sun bear corridor (this is included in the HCV 1.3 Management Area) and can be planted paying attention to requirements of animal habits and food species (sunbear) and retaining connectivity – opening small parcels at a time. 3. The No Go area refers to areas recommended to be removed from planned development, and consist of the following : a) HCV Areas (KBKT), excluding those HCV 4.1 and 4.2 areas mentioned above. b) Other - areas not available to be utilized by the company for the following reasons: • Roads • 3rd party development – oil palm, mines, farming areas • Additional conservation areas based on RKU (See Table 20)

Table 21 summarises the final land use synthesis. Selected key area statistics: • 37,567 ha (38% of HKI area) recommended for conservation: • 35% of Kendawangan (21,033 ha) • 44% of Air Hitam (16,534 ha) • An additional 6,082 ha (6% of HKI area) is allocated to conservation under the RKU but is not identified as HCV in this assessment. If the RKU is able to be revised these areas could potentially be available for developement. • 49,461 ha (51% of HKI area) is non – HCV and potentially available for development. In addition, 1658 ha (2 % of the HKI area) is available under the “Go area with provisions” category. • 3,124 ha (3% of HKI area) is used for public roads and by various other 3rd parties.

The management area of HCV can be seen on maps 24 and 25.

Table 17. HCV Area Summary per Estate and Block (ha) Kendawangan Estates HCV Total Type Sub Air of % of Description 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total Hitam Type Area Description in HKI Context All forest areas contiguous 1.1 Supporting Protected Areas 361 57 107 524 1,771 2,295 2% with HL areas Critically Endangered 1.2 Species 1,381 1,242 315 542 805 302 781 1,299 297 1,312 204 8,478 10,313 18,791 19% All Natural Forest All forest areas plus wetland 1.3 Viable Populations 1,678 2,579 560 778 1,038 1,164 1,146 1,719 674 2,358 436 14,131 15,383 29,514 30% areas except gelam RTE Ecosystems and All forest areas plus wetland 3 habitats 1,407 1,833 339 567 821 306 988 1,299 350 1,391 204 9,504 10,893 20,396 21% areas except gelam River buffers, wetlands and 4.1 Water supply & flood control 2,184 3,749 1,125 862 1,459 1,792 2,027 2,463 1,113 2,608 559 19,941 15,461 35,402 36% connected forest areas Erosion/Sedimentation 4.2 control 327 141 0 0 1,468 89 0 1,455 0 0 204 3,686 3,686 4% Steep land areas Large rivers and their buffer 4.3 Barriers to fire 1,678 2,579 560 778 1,038 1,164 1,146 1,719 674 2,358 436 14,131 15,383 29,514 30% areas, plus all wetlands Selected rivers near villages, selected forest areas, 5 Community basic needs 147 350 32 84 348 101 145 185 52 283 41 1,768 242 2,011 2% subsistence agriculture areas and rubber Old village sites, cultural 6 Community cultural values 1,383 1,242 315 561 818 327 781 1,299 297 1,314 211 8,547 10,320 18,866 19% sites,

Table 18. HCV Management Area (in Additional to HCV Area) - Summary per Estate and Block (ha) Kendawangan Estates Total HCV Air of % of Type Description 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sub Total Hitam Type Area 1.1 Supporting Protected Areas 6 176 377 560 1,097 1,656 2% Critically Endangered 1.2 Species 96 20 8 2 10 0 28 37 9 14 5 229 44 273 0% 1.3 Viable Populations 95 90 5 14 5 0 51 32 9 43 5 350 99 449 0% 1.3 HCV MA for Sunbear Corridor 789 152 1,082 2,023 2,023 2% 3 RTE Ecosystems 94 19 5 14 10 27 35 9 11 5 230 216 445 0% 4.1 Water supply & flood control 48 0 7 55 256 311 0% Erosion/Sedimentation 4.2 control 0 0 0% 4.3 Barriers to fire 1 1 1 1 5 8 34 41 0% 5 Community basic needs 0 0 0 0% 6 Community cultural values 0 0 0 0%

Table 19. Go/No Go Calculation before Reduction for RKU Conservation Areas (ha) Status Total Go with provisions No Go Area Sub Total Go

KBKT 4.2 KPNKT With Sub Total Estates Go Area Terbuka/ semak Selected Conditions KBKT Other No Go 1 3,648 181 0 181 2,225 112 2,336 2 6,643 136 33 168 3,773 638 4,412 11,223 3 3,227 16 3 19 1,117 153 1,270 4,517 4 3,801 17 14 32 867 994 1,861 5,693 5 20,492 0 0 0 15,537 1,308 16,845 37,337 6 3,848 714 239 953 2,016 300 2,316 7,116 7 1,177 81 3 84 1,883 232 2,115 3,376 8 2,375 9 0 9 2,018 44 2,062 4,447 9 4,131 878 321 1,199 2,787 124 2,911 8,241 10 1,201 0 0 0 1,117 110 1,227 2,428 11 2,721 4 0 4 2,604 32 2,636 5,361 12 1,176 112 0 112 646 53 698 1,985 Grand Total 54,439 2,149 613 2,761 36,591 4,100 40,691 97,891 Table 20. Go/No Go Calculation After Reduction for RKU Conservation Areas (ha) Status Total Go with provisions (notes) No Go Area Sub Total Go KBKT 4.1 & 4.2 KPNKT With Estates Go Area Terbuka/semak Selected Conditions KBKT Other Sub Total 1 3,303 113 0 113 2,292 456 2,749 6,165 2 6,641 136 33 168 3,773 640 4,414 11,223 3 3,125 16 3 19 1,117 256 1,373 4,517 4 3,801 17 14 31 867 994 1,861 5,693 5 17,336 0 0 0 15,537 4,464 20,000 37,337 6 3,391 275 74 350 2,455 921 3,375 7,116 7 453 70 3 73 1,895 955 2,850 3,376 8 2,374 9 0 9 2,018 45 2,063 4,447 9 4,039 532 291 823 3,133 246 3,379 8,241 10 1,201 0 0 0 1,117 110 1,227 2,428 11 2,716 1 0 1 2,607 37 2,644 5,361 12 1,079 69 0 69 688 149 837 1,985 Grand Total 49,461 1,240 418 1,658 37,500 9,272 46,772 97,891

Table 21. Potential Development Area and No-Go Areas (Net of RKU Conservation Areas) (ha) Potential Development Area No Go area Go Area with Other (Roads Residual - Provisions Total Potential Protected for & 3rd party Protected via Grand Go Area (notes) Development HCV development) 2017 RKU Total No Go Total HKI Block and Estate ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha 1 3,303 113 3,417 2,271 65 412 2,749 6,165 2 6,641 168 6,810 3,774 638 2 4,414 11,223 3 3,125 19 3,144 1,219 52 102 1,373 4,517 4 3,801 31 3,832 850 1,011 0 1,861 5,693 6 3,391 350 3,741 1,819 497 1,059 3,375 7,116 7 453 73 526 1,979 136 734 2,850 3,376 Kendawangan 8 2,374 9 2,384 2,045 17 1 2,063 4,447 9 4,039 823 4,862 2,689 222 468 3,379 8,241 10 1,201 0 1,201 1,124 103 0 1,227 2,428 11 2,716 1 2,717 2,636 0 8 2,644 5,361 12 1,079 69 1,148 626 72 139 837 1,985 Sub Total 32,124 1,658 33,782 21,033 2,813 2,926 26,772 60,554 Air Hitam 5 17,336 0 17,337 16,534 311 3,155 20,000 37,337 Grand Total 49,461 1,658 51,119 37,567 3,124 6,082 46,772 97,891

Map 24. Integrated HCV Management Map for PT HKI, Kendawangan Landscape

Map 25. Integrated HCV Management Map for PT HKI, Air Hitam Landscape

8 FURTHER DISCUSSION

The HCV Assessment has shown that a significant area of the HKI estate is required for conservation of values in the landscape and maintaining socio-economic development (46,772 hectares) but a large area is available for rubber plantation development (51,119 hectares). Considering the sustainability orientation of HKI, Sampoerna Agro and New Forest Asset Management this division between social needs, biodiversity and environmental service conservation and economic development seems balanced. Communication of the approach taken here are the creation of a sustainable landscape plan is a significant step for West Kalimantan and Ketapang District in particular where rampant conversion has been the norm, and environmental and social “needs” have been retro-actively addressed and have mostly been already lost. While the current plan proposed in this document is probably adequate, there are several areas for improvement. Peat land and its extent in the landscape has been defined through direct observation and remote sensing. Not all areas of potential peatland were visited due to time and resource constraints. In addition, the overlap of the government peat land map and that documented in the field by the survey team require further verification. In order to avoid any scrutiny from civil society or government, those areas define as peat by the MOEF should be surveyed and finding submitted to the MOEF before any decision to develop those areas is made. Areas have also been set aside to support conservation of charismatic species such as Orangutan both as HCV 1.1 and HCV 1.2 (Sungai Tengar, Kendawangan estates). From the secondary data, the orangutan distribution area goes into the HKI area. The assessors have applied the precautionary approach here and assumed that orangutan are present in the landscape due to historical records (even though they may already be local extinct in the concession boundaries). While it may seem of low importance for HKI to implement orangutan surveys outside of the HKI boundaries, it would be a precaution to document the status of this species in the peat swamps now before further development nearby, and potentially avoid blame by civil society if orangutan is found to be extinct in the landscape in a number of years. Working together with a credible local orangutan NGO such IAR in Ketapang would provide rigorous and reliable data on orangutan status in Sungai Tengar, and management recommendations for their conservation if found extant in the landscape. Planning sustainable landscape is only the first step toward achieving that goal. The greatest challenges lie ahead with implementation - management and monitoring. Several key aspects to implementing the sustainable landscape vision presented here will involve: 1) Communicating HKI’s sustainable landscape vision - areas to be planted, conserved or safeguarded for the community. Communication should happen at multiple levels and include communities, local, district and provincial government, NGOs and CSOs, and certification bodies / other interested parties. Valuable partnerships with key institutions or organisations can be identified when communicating the companies vision for sustainability. 2) Engagement with the community - As the primary stakeholder that will be impacted by this plantation development project, engagement with communities needs to be improved. The community as a partner, rather than a recipient of assistance and aid from the companies CSR program, is essential to achieve sustainability as many threats to conservation and plantation development come directly from communities – or from their ambivalence to mitigate or act when threats arise (such as fire). CSR programs can be based on the management and monitoring recommendation provided in this HCV assessment and can reduce costs and increase effectiveness of any community initiatives. Having a balanced plan that clearly identifies areas for community development is an opportunity for achieving meaningful engagement. However, the plan does not include any community tenure studies and this should be implemented as a matter of best practice to further refine the plan at the community / clan / household level, as well as provide a platform for community engagement. 3) Internal capacity to Manage and Monitor – Staff capacity is to implement the vision for sustainability from higher management with HKI is essential. While the HCV assessors have

carried out some capacity building and training in HCV identification, management and monitoring, more is needed. 4) Prioritize HCV Management – The number of recommendations provided for HCV management and monitoring is exhaustive. Therefore, in order to build capacity on an ever improving trajectory, the company needs to identify priority HCV management recommendations through a thorough risk assessment and work on these before embracing other management recommendations for HCV at at lower level of risk. 5) Institutionalizing HCV Management and Monitoring – a key part of capacity building of staff is updating and improving applicable Standar Operating Proceedures / Work Orders that communicate HCV management and monitoring effectively. Updating and improving on SOP should be an ongoing process with lesson learned through adaptive management incorporated into how the company operates to maintain and enhance HCVs within the landscape.