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Unlocking the Potential Economic in Undeveloped Regency Through Maritime Infrastructure

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UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IN UNDEVELOPED REGENCY THROUGH MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE (CASE STUDY: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF NORTH KAYONG REGENCY) Imanuddin ABDULGANI, [email protected], Gadjah Mada University ABSTRACT The North Kayong Regency is one of the new Regency in West Kalimantan Province that is still lack of infrastructure development such as infrastructure and public amenities. The purpose of this research is to contribute in regional development planning policy through determine appropriate method in maritime infrastructure for increasing regional economic growth. Our study shows that the best practice to improve the development planning process is improve better and appropriate policies that might be apply through the new methods on practice oriented, focus on strategies, tools and manage the utilization of planning and resources. By maintain strategies, develop solution that integrates different dimension of regional planning and resources in every conceivable way to solve the problem and to overcome the obstacles. Keyword : Economic Growth, Maritime Infrastructure, Interconnectivity, Regional Development Planning, Undeveloped Regency INTRODUCTION The Maritime Infrastructure and its benefit for Development can not be implemented optimally, since there is regulation that the use of maritime infrastructure must follow the order of the Ministry of Transportation and Provincial Agency for Transportation which supplemented by the Provincial Spatial Plan (RTRW). The challenge is that the maritime infrastructure is not always coincident with the administrative area so as to allow synergies between agencies can not run harmoniously and produce no real technical action. For example, making a grand design of a regional sea port development can have a different direction of environmental function with a land allocation which is arranged in the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW). Therefore, the evaluation of the suitability between the regional functions in the RTRW and the utilization for sea port functions is necessary to be studied. The inappropriate for land use allocation with maritime infrastructure for economic growth may result in a decrease in carrying support capacity. This downturn is characterized by litter, vandalism, damage mangrove and underwater coral, oil leakages and decrease fish in nearby area of the port. Adjustment of the spatial plan covering the human activity should consider of the environmental carrying capacity. Unlocking the Potential Economic through Maritime Infrastructure … 125 Figure 1. North Kayong Regency North Kayong Regency location is shown on Figure 1. It has a new expanded Regency from Ketapang Regency which capital city is Sukadana. North Kayong Regency has formed according to UU No. 6 Year of 2007 and Letter of Interior Minister of Republic Indonesia No. 135 / 439 / SJ, 27th February 2007 which total administrative area 4.568,26 KM2. It is divided into 6 administrative district, 43 sub-district. The North Kayong is located in the strategic region that well-known as West Kalimantan Second Main Gate behind Pontianak city for its sea port. The North Kayong Regency can be reached by Speedboat that is currently the main transportation to this regency (see Figure 2). It accommodates many route such as through Pontianak Seng Hie Port and Rasau Jaya Port which only one time a day to Sukadana and Teluk Batang Port (see Figure 3). From Sukadana and Teluk Batang the long boat has always be the main transportation to Pontianak. In addition to this, the route of speedboat also provide transport to nearby island and archipelago such as Tanjung Satai, Desun Besar and Karimata Island which is only two times departure in a week. Unlocking the Potential Economic through Maritime Infrastructure … 126 Figure 2. North Kayong Transportation Figure 1. North Kayong Sea Port Objective of the Study 1. to get better policies of the utilization for Maritime Infrastructure for Regional Development, 2. to predict the profound impact from Regional Sea Port Development according to environmental impact assessment based on RTRW and related policy document, and Unlocking the Potential Economic through Maritime Infrastructure … 127 3. to evaluate the effectiveness of the RTRW of North Kayong Regency in controlling the impact of Regional Sea Port Development toward Trans Kalimantan Road as a main gate for many goods in remote area Regency of West Kalimantan. METHODS Analytical Method using descriptive qualitative, SWOT and the application that implement the theory of regional development planning for infrastructure connectivity. The analytical method offers tools and approach for deep analysis and consideration for policies through its implement according to the government program and its obstacle for regional development: In this study, the obstacle should always take into account before built the project for maritime infrastructure such as the conservation area and strategic environmental impact assessment that not utilize properly. The SWOT analysis was used to estimate benefits and drawback that might affect for Regional Development and the chance to mitigate the negative impact from many constraints, impact and its strength because in some case the unavailability of data would affected in the process of analysis before determining the conclusion of the approach. Descriptive Qualitative Analysis Method This approach is making analysis through the provincial government, regional government and central government for its policies regarding maritime infrastructure and transportation for enhance economic growth in undeveloped regency. The regional sea port in North Kayong Regency already finish to be built after several years in three different location, Cik Kadir Sea Port in Sukadana, Teluk Batang Sea Port, and Teluk Melano Sea Port. However, the implement of utilization through open access connectivity to surrounding area of its region has been denied to be effective. The possibility connectivity through Trans Borneo Road to unlock the congestion traffic route that occurred in capital city of Pontianak Port and its long delivery time from sea port to regional in remote area of Borneo. The new unfinish access route in Perawas (Kayong Utara Regency) – Simpang Dua (Ketapang Regency) section in South Trans Borneo Road of West Kalimantan has been always obstacle due to the National Government program to enhance the status of strategic access route to Trans Borneo. The nearby access for strategic access to Trans Borneo (Ketapang-Siduk) already in the process for legalise, meanwhile the Perawas – Simpang Dua section more significant due to very short access route compare to the Ketapang Siduk to Trans Borneo. The land use degradation in palm oil plantation has always been neglected since there are no strict rules to implement in peat soil of utilization in spatial planning considering most of the plantation situated in peat. SWOT Analysis Method Analysis for the strength, potential, opportunity, and chance in making of its benefits before approaching to determine the weaknesess, threats and negative impact. Some of the problems has been long time to resolve due to location of the Regency, are: 1. the unconducive situation of infrastructure in North Kayong Regency is limited and lack of development since there are no accessibility to the provincial capital city through land road and the only access is through rivers, straits and sea using Ferry and speedboat with long time to spend to the journey approximately 8 – 10 hours. Unlocking the Potential Economic through Maritime Infrastructure … 128 2. there is no airport that can reliable for the citizen which always been the major obstacle in development of its economic growth in North Kayong Regency, therefore it is always be high cost for transporting goods and passengers. The policies that implement in the strategic access road to Trans Borneo in order to apply the effectiveness of Sea Port has been the major obstacle in embrace the state budget for strategic access road to Trans Borneo because it is not allowed to open two parallel strategic road access approaching to South Trans Borneo Road. Analysis for the Government Program Implementation Many of local government program for maritime infrastructure has not been taking into account for many possibilities that might trigger for economic growth such as the inter connected road that will open access for sustainable activity through sea port to many regency. The maritime infrastructure should be build when many stakeholders involve in considered supporting infrastructure that will be mandatory to support its sustainability through provider the amenities and its physical facilities. The National government as a provider for state budget should take into account many legal document aspect, which government will own or which ministry will use the asset, Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS) and provincial / regional spatial planning document (RTRW) as a requirement to build the infrastructure. The feasibility study also taken into account for the analysis, based on the technical feasibility, economic feasibility, environmental feasibility, economic growth and the regional social development, inter mode transportation, accessibility to the hinterland area, safety and security for shipment and national defense & security. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Analysis of Policies Evaluation of analysis for Gap policies among provincial government and regional government. According to the regulation of Minister of Transportation, Republic
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