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n g u H U h g n g Fuxing T'ai- a s e i n Strait Claimed Straight Baselines Kaiyuan H ia Hua-lien Y - Claims in the Paracel and Spratly Bose J Mai-Liao chung-shih i Q J R i Maritime Lines u i g T9 Y h e n e o s ia o Dongshan CHINA u g B D s Tropic of Cancer J Hon n Tropic of Cancer Established maritime boundary ian J Makung n Declaration of the People’s Republic of China on the Baseline of the Territorial Sea, May 15, 1996 g i Pingnan PESCADORES Taiwan a Xicheng an Wuzhou 21 25° 25.8' 00" N 119° 56.3' 00" E 31 21° 27.7' 00" N 112° 21.5' 00" E 41 18° 14.6' 00" N 109° 07.6' 00" E While Bandar Seri Begawan has not articulated claims to reefs in the South g Chaozhou 24 T19 N BRUNEI Claim line Kaihua T10- Hsi-yü-p’ing Chia-i 22 24° 58.6' 00" N 119° 28.7' 00" E 32 19° 58.5' 00" N 111° 16.4' 00" E 42 18° 19.3' 00" N 108° 57.1' 00" E China Sea (SCS), since 1985 the Sultanate has claimed a continental shelf Xinjing Guiping Xu T11 Yü Luxu n Jiang T12 23 24° 09.7' 00" N 118° 14.2' 00" E 33 19° 53.0' 00" N 111° 12.8' 00" E 43 18° 30.2' 00" N 108° 41.3' 00" E X Puning T13 that extends beyond these features to a hypothetical median with . Bruneian continental shelf claim Guigang i Jiang 24 23° 31.9' 00" N 117° 41.3' 00" E 34 18° 39.7' 00" N 110° 29.6' 00" E 44 18° 30.4' 00" N 108° 41.1' 00" E Simao 25-26 Liu-ch’iu T'ai-nan Yü Anping 25 23° 12.9' 00" N 117° 14.9' 00" E 35 18° 39.4' 00" N 110° 29.1' 00" E 45 18° 31.0' 00" N 108° 40.6' 00" E contends Brunei’s maritime limit stops at the 100-fathom isobath Ha Giang Huicheng T'ai- Chinese S o Nanning Huangpu 26 23° 12.3' 00" N 117° 13.9' 00" E 36 18° 26.1' 00" N 110° 08.4' 00" E 46 18° 31.1' 00" N 108° 40.5' 00" E from the coast based on 1958 UK Orders in Council. China’s and Taiwan’s n ng P'ing- tung (series of 9 dashes; the 10th dash shown on g Cao Bang ia Haicheng Lufeng 27 Yun-an B J Nansha tung T18 27 22° 56.1' 00" N 116° 29.7' 00" E 37 18° 23.0' 00" N 110° 03.0' 00" E 47 18° 50.5' 00" N 108° 37.3' 00" E claimed areas in the SCS include the seaward extension of Brunei’s maritime map is outside of the ) a Yu Lingcheng Huizhou Tsoying ng ng Lü Tao 28 22° 18.9' 00" N 115° 07.5' 00" E 38 18° 11.0' 00" N 109° 42.1' 00" E 48 19° 11.6' 00" N 108° 36.0' 00" E M G ia claim. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, the , and Vietnam do Sa Pa ia J Shiqi Shanwei ng uo Yulin Kao-hsiung 29 21° 48.5' 00" N 113° 58.0' 00" E 39 18° 11.0' 00" N 109° 41.8' 00" E 49 19° 21.1' 00" N 108° 38.6' 00" E 1979 Malaysian continental shelf limit e Red Z Shekou not accept Brunei’s claims. k Xinyi Ta-Lin-Pu 30 21° 34.1' 00" N 112° 47.9' 00" E 40 18° 09.5' 00" N 109° 34.4' 00" E o Yantian Terminal n T14 Philippine (Kalayaan) g Bobai Changsha Pingxiang Hong 28 Liu-ch’iu Yü Lan Yü MALAYSIA Hypothethical equidistant line Qinzhou Macau Kong Gaozhou Special Administrative O-luan T16- Malaysia has not formally claimed and specifi ed a system of baselines in the Baselines Maritime Zones Act ratifi ed in 2007 but baselines were apparently drawn to B S Special l o Mao-pi Pi T17 Phongsali ac Thai n Administrative determine Malaysia’s territorial sea limits, which are shown on offi cial maps. Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS (Commission on k g Fangcheng T’ou Ky Lianzhou Beijing refers to the , , Pratas , and Yen Bai Nguyen C Region 29 Lufeng T15 CHINA the Limits of the Continental Shelf) southern ung Terminal (claimed by CHINA and VIETNAM) Scarborough as Nansha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Dongsha Qundao, Shangchuan PARACEL ISLANDS submission Son La Beihai Wuchuan Dao Declaration on Chinese-claimed straight baselines, May 15, 1996 and Huangyan Dao, respectively, claiming these as well as all surfacing and Hailing 30 Huizhou Dao 31 Terminal im Shuidong Munin a 1 16° 40' 30" N 112° 44' 12" E 11 15° 46' 30" N 111° 11' 36" E 21 17° 07' 06" N 111° 31' 36" E undersea features within nine dashes drawn on Chinese SCS maps. China 200-nautical-mile arc drawn from undisputed territory Cam Dao Vình l 99- HANOI Hon Thuc Xijiang c 101 1 e Y’Ami 2 16° 40' 06" N 112° 44' 30" E 12 15° 46' 42" N 111° 11' 24" E 22 17° 06' 54" N 111° 32' 00" E Louang Gai Pha Weizhou 23-1 Xijiang s treats Scarborough Reef, also claimed by the Philippines, as part of partially Dao e Island 12-nautical-mile line Namtha 30-2 n 3 16° 39' 48" N 112° 44' 42" E 13 15° 46' 54" N 111° 11' 18" E 23 16° 59' 54" N 112° 14' 42" E Haiphong Donghai Dao i drying (Zhongsha Qundao). China adopted the nine QUAN DAO Leizhou h 4 16° 04' 24" N 112° 35' 48" E 14 15° 47' 12" N 111° 11' 24" E 24 16° 59' 42" N 112° 15' 36" E C Spratly Islands12-nautical-mile line Ha Long CO TO Naozhou Dao Island BATAN 5 16° 01' 54" N 112° 32' 42" E 15 17° 04' 54" N 111° 26' 54" E 25 16° 59' 24" N 112° 16' 36" E dashes from Kuomintang maps drawn in 1947, resulting in Taiwan’s claims Doan D1 Weizhou Leizhou D2 98 (Under UNCLOS, states are entitled to claim 12-nm territorial from Xa QUAN DAO Panyu Liuhua ISLANDS 6 16° 01' 30" N 112° 31' 48" E 16 17° 05' 24" N 111° 26' 54" E 26 16° 58' 24" N 112° 18' 18" E coinciding largely with China’s. China considers the area within the dashes S 10-3 Bandao 4-2/5-1 D3 any and all of their sovereign and/or claimed territory.) o LONG CHAU Terminal 7 16° 01' 30" N 112° 24' 48" E 17 17° 05' 42" N 111° 27' 12" E 27 16° 57' 36" N 112° 19' 36" E n D4 Basco to be part of Province and has referred to the maritime space g Pratas Xam M 8 15° 46' 30" N 111° 12' 36" E 18 17° 06' 00" N 111° 27' 48" E 28 16° 56' 54" N 112° 20' 30" E therein as Chinese “territorial waters,” an undefined term that does not Nua a Nam Dinh Xucheng Island Straight baseline ry 9 15° 46' 24" N 111° 12' 06" E 19 17° 06' 30" N 111° 29' 12" E 20 Dao Bach a 20 d appear to conform to standard maritime regimes permitted under 23 Long Vi n 10 15° 46' 24" N 111° 11' 48" E 20 17° 07' 00" N 111° 31' 00" E u it Island Straight baseline turning point o Hainan Stra international law. Chinese archeologists assert the islands in the SCS were b Louangphrabang e Haikou 2 m the ancient site of fishing and merchant activities and Chinese records note ti Note: The United States Government does not accept the validity of ri 32 TAIWAN a Macun Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China, January 21, 1998 naval expeditions into the South China Sea during the Han Dynasty in A.D. most of these straight and archipelagic baseline segments. Thanh Hoa m Yangpu 33 se Babuyan China includes and Paracel Islands in its straight baseline Laos e Island 110 and the Ming Dynasty from 1403-1433. China contends the 1887 m Wenchang Saint Esprit Strait T1 25° 00.60' 00" N 122° 00.00' 00" E T10 23° 24.80' 00" N 119° 18.70' 00" E T19 23° 29.20' 00" N 121° 30.53' 00" E a Calayan claims; rendering of these baseline points does not denote acceptance n Wenchang Shoal T2 25° 28.80' 00" N 122° 05.80' 00" E T11 23° 24.00' 00" N 119° 18.20' 00" E T20 24° 28.70' 00" N 121° 51.10' 00" E Sino-French Convention allocated all features to China east of 108°03’E. t or substantiation of these claims. ie Qinglan Island 49 Danzhou T3 25° 29.00' 00" N 122° 05.80' 00" E T12 23° 19.50' 00" N 119° 18.80' 00" E T21 24° 35.90' 00" N 121° 53.70' 00" E China occupies several of the Spratly Islands and completed seizure of all Hon -V e BABUYAN Me s Qionghai Helen T4 25° 37.50' 00" N 122° 04.50' 00" E T13 23° 12.00' 00" N 119° 24.40' 00" E T22 24° 49.90' 00" N 121° 57.30' 00" E the Paracel Islands from Vietnam in 1974. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, e 48 Shoal 97 ISLANDS in Hainan Dalapuri T5 25° 37.80' 00" N 122° 03.90' 00" E T14 22° 19.10' 00" N 120° 20.90' 00" E D1 20° 46.16' 00" N 116° 45.45' 00" E h Dongfang and Vietnam dispute China’s claims. C Island T6 25° 17.70' 00" N 121° 30.40' 00" E T15 21° 45.45' 00" N 120° 48.90' 00" E D2 20° 44.16' 00" N 116° 42.13' 00" E g Basuo Dao n Fuga T7 25° 04.20' 00" N 121° 05.40' 00" E T16 21° 56.70' 00" N 121° 36.10' 00" E D3 20° 41.92' 00" N 116° 41.30' 00" E Populated Places o Muang Hon Island k 47 Island e Vinh Mat m T8 25° 00.55' 00" N 121° 00.65' 00" E T17 21° 57.00' 00" N 121° 37.10' 00" E D4 20° 35.78' 00" N 116° 44.80' 00" E Phôn-Hông Gulf of i Babuyan Channel M Muang la Camilo Osias/ More than 1 million c T9 23° 47.20' 00" N 119° 32.00' 00" E T18 22° 41.00' 00" N 121° 31.00' 00" E Nghe Tinh 34- San Vicente Pakxan e 96 Claveria 35 s 95 Philippine 43- Ban Nape e Bojeador 100,000 to 1,000,000 46 n 3 Yulin 36 i Tonkin h VIETNAM Kuala Lumpur drew its continental shelf claim in the Spratly Islands in 1979 Sanya 37 Aparri Port Point MALAYSIA 42 C Laoag Declaration of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, November 12, 1982 25,000 to 100,000 VIENTIANE Mui Ron Irene to include five islands which Malaysia occupies plus others occupied or Vung Ang 41 38-39 40 A1 09° 15.0' 00" N 103° 27.0' 00" E A5 08° 39.7' 00" N 106° 42.1' 00" E A9 13° 54.0' 00" N 109° 21.0' 00" E controlled by the Philippines and Vietnam. It constructed Layang Layang Dong Nai Currimao A2 08° 22.8' 00" N 104° 52.4' 00" E A6 09° 58.0' 00" N 109° 05.0' 00" E A10 15° 23.1' 00" N 109° 09.0' 00" E Fewer than 25,000 Hon 94 Resort on Swallow (Layang) Reef. As part of their joint submission to the Gio A3 08° 37.8' 00" N 106° 37.5' 00" E A7 12° 39.0' 00" N 109° 28.0' 00" E A11 17° 10.0' 00" N 107° 20.6' 00" E National capital Udon A4 08° 38.9' 00" N 106° 40.3' 00" E A8 12° 53.8' 00" N 109° 27.2' 00" E Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in May 2009, 93 Thani Vigan Sea Malaysia and Vietnam defined 200-nm EEZ limits extending from mainland Thakhèk Dong Hoi 92 City baseline claims, with both states ignoring, but not renouncing, any Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phanom Dao 112 Claimed Archipelagic Straight Baselines overlapping jurisdictional effects of the Spratly Islands. Brunei, China Con Co Shipping-Related Features A11 V 4-6 n

(including Taiwan), the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Malaysia’s 113 15-22 i Palanan e a Point 7 23-28 t y claims. Approximate shipping lane n a

g 8 a Regulation No. 38, June 28, 2002 a Chinese-Vietnamese m 9 Woody Island C hypothethical Ernesto R.Ogbinar/ 10 1 01° 14' 27" N 104° 34' 32" E 16 02° 05' 10" N 109° 38' 43" E 31 01° 45' 47" N 124° 43' 51" E Naval base c

Savannakhet equidistant line l Poro Point 1-3 a 2 01° 02' 52" N 104° 49' 50" E 17 04° 10' 00" N 118° 53' 50" E 32 02° 44' 15" N 125° 09' 28" E Khon M San Fernando

i

PARACEL m 3 02° 18' 00" N 105° 35' 47" E 18 04° 08' 03" N 118° 53' 01" E 33 04° 14' 06" N 125° 18' 59" E Port facility Kean e Hue Cape Baguio k s Tarigit o 4 02° 44' 29" N 105° 22' 46" E 19 04° 06' 12" N 118° 38' 02" E 34 04° 40' 16" N 125° 25' 41" E A port is named after its attributable city unless t 87- Point 11 n h g 91 5 03° 05' 32" N 105° 35' 00" E 20 03° 27' 57" N 117° 52' 41" E 35 04° 44' 14" N 125° 28' 42" E claimed Scarborough Reef as well as a large portion of the Spratly otherwise labeled Lam Nam Chi Chan May e Lingayen Luzon PHILIPPINES ISLANDS 6 03° 19' 52" N 105° 57' 04" E 21 02° 15' 12" N 118° 38' 41" E 36 04° 44' 25" N 125° 28' 56" E P 85- Gulf Islands as terra nullius during explorations in the SCS commencing in May a 86 Chaiyaphum r 7 03° 27' 04" N 106° 16' 08" E 22 01° 46' 53" N 119° 02' 26" E 37 04° 44' 46" N 125° 29' 24" E Da Nang 4 a 1956. It named the Spratly claim the Kalayaan (Freedom) Island Group and Hon La C c Dagupan h 8 04° 04' 01" N 107° 26' 09" E 23 00° 59' 55" N 120° 12' 50" E 38 05° 34' 02" N 126° 34' 54" E i 7 5-6 e 84 Cu Lao Cham n l occupies several of the islands. It defines the Spratlys and Scarborough Reef Salavan e 9 04° 31' 09" N 107° 43' 17" E 24 01° 20' 16" N 120° 47' 31" E 39 05° 33' 57" N 126° 35' 29" E s a 83 Santa Cruz Energy-Related Features e Macclesfield n

8-14 d 10 04° 42' 25" N 107° 54' 20" E 25 01° 22' 40" N 120° 53' 04" E 40 04° 46' 18" N 127° 08' 32" E as a special “regime of islands” distinct from the rest of the Philippine c m

i l k a Bank Ubon S a Philippines Thailand l 11 04° 47' 38" N 108° 00' 39" E 26 01° 22' 41" N 120° 53' 07" E 41 04° 45' 39" N 127° 08' 44" E a i archipelago. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and Vietnam object to the m p Tarlac

Oil concession block c S M Ratchathani r Masinloc 12 04° 47' 45" N 108° 01' 19" E 27 01° 18' 48" N 121° 26' 36" E 42 04° 38' 38" N 127° 09' 49" E n a e a ae u A10

Philippines’ claims. N M s Cabanatuan Nakhon am t P 112 Cu Lao Re l e 13 04° 00' 48" N 108° 25' 04" E 28 01° 08' 17" N 122° 25' 47" E 43 04° 37' 36" N 127° 09' 53" E Concession block number Dung Quat y m n Ratchasima Pakxe i San

a I h Angeles 14 03° 01' 51" N 108° 54' 52" E 29 01° 02' 52" N 123° 06' 45" E 44 03° 45' 13" N 126° 51' 06" E s

l POLILLO N C Fernando a Leovigildo Gantioqui/

15 02° 38' 43" N 109° 10' 04" E 30 01° 09' 29" N 124° 20' 38" E Oil and gas field g e n San Miguel ISLANDS n a d Scarborough Surin o s Quezon M K . Reef Subic Oilfield lé H Bay n Olongapo City PHILIPPINES ô o Vietnam w CALAGUA Republic Act P522 to defi ne the archipelagic baselines of the Philippines, July 28, 2008 Taipei, like Beijing, asserts “historic” sovereignty over all features drawn T Balanga Manila TAIWAN Gasfield e MANILA 12 ISLANDS v Limay Bay Jose within the dashes originally shown on a map published by the Kuomintang e Jose Francisco/ Lamon 1 21° 06' 57.73" N 121° 57' 27.71" E 35 07° 27' 29.42" N 126° 35' 51.71" E 69 07° 48' 30.69" N 116° 59' 39.18" E r Pangbaniban , Bonifacio

2 19° 57' 38.19" N 122° 09' 46.32" E 36 07° 17' 19.80" N 126° 36' 18.16" E 70 07° 51' 27.17" N 116° 54' 17.19" E Offshore terminal t government in 1947—including the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas h Mariveles Heracleo Alano/ Bay e San 13 3 18° 18' 35.30" N 122° 20' 19.07" E 37 07° 16' 14.43" N 126° 35' 57.20" E 71 07° 52' 19.86" N 116° 53' 28.73" E Cavite 14 Island, and Scarborough Reef. Taiwan occupies several of the Spratly Islands e Tandoc Floating (Production) Storage and an x Pablo 4 17° 07' 16.30" N 122° 31' 28.34" E 38 06° 17' 14.73" N 126° 12' 14.40" E 72 07° 54' 36.35" N 116° 53' 16.64" E S Hon Trau South t Calamba lé and administers Pratas Island. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam ôn Pleiku e Daet 5 17° 06' 14.79" N 122° 31' 43.84" E 39 06° 16' 08.35" N 126° 11' 35.06" E 73 08° 02' 00.26" N 116° 54' 10.04" E T n Lucena Offloading unit (FPSO and FSO) t Lubang object to Taiwan’s coincident claims with China. Quy Atimonan Tinambac 6 17° 05' 51.31" N 122° 31' 42.66" E 40 05° 23' 34.20" N 125° 28' 42.11" E 74 08° 11' 18.36" N 116° 59' 51.87" E Cu Lao Coni o 82 Island Lipa Island f Sisophon Nhon A9 Pagbilao 7 17° 02' 36.91" N 122° 31' 03.28" E 41 05° 23' 21.80" N 125° 28' 19.59" E 75 08° 37' 56.37" N 117° 15' 51.23" E Sriracha t Cu Lao h Batangos Virac 8 16° 53' 18.03" N 122° 27' 56.61" E 42 05° 21' 55.66" N 125° 25' 11.21" E 76 08° 44' 17.40" N 117° 20' 39.37" E Habour e LUBANG Poulo Gambir i Lagonoy Tôn r Naga Stœng lé ISLANDS 9 16° 49' 56.11" N 122° 26' 50.78" E 43 05° 21' 58.48" N 125° 21' 52.03" E 77 08° 53' 32.20" N 117° 28' 15.78" E S c r l Santa Trêng ê a 10 16° 47' 38.86" N 122° 26' 04.40" E 44 05° 22' 02.91" N 125° 20' 59.73" E 78 09° 02' 57.47" N 117° 37' 38.88" E Fiber-Optic Cables p Gulf Tabaco Batdâmbâng Cu Lao i ô m Cruz 11 16° 18' 44.33" N 122° 14' 16.69" E 45 05° 23' 20.18" N 125° 19' 44.29" E 79 09° 59' 22.54" N 118° 36' 53.61" E k Ma Nha

China h Legaspi Julhasan A. Arasain/ Hanoi claims all of the Spratly and Paracel Islands. However, the extent of APCN 12 14° 29' 54.43" N 122° 57' 51.15" E 46 06° 09' 08.44" N 124° 15' 42.81" E 80 11° 13' 19.82" N 119° 15' 17.74" E VIETNAM Tuy Hoa a Legazpi s Pinamalayan 13 14° 06' 29.91" N 124° 16' 59.21" E 47 06° 26' 47.22" N 122° 13' 34.50" E 81 12° 19' 35.22" N 119° 50' 56.00" E Vietnam’s territorial and maritime claims in the SCS has not been delimited n Sorsogon C2C Rayong Cambodia o 14 14° 06' 10.40" N 124° 17' 26.28" E 48 06° 02' 33.77" N 121° 56' 36.20" E 82 13° 53' 21.45" N 120° 01' 05.86" E A8 in text or on maps. Vietnam considers the Spratly Islands an offshore Tonle Sap Buon Ma Mui Nay t Island 15

b t Romblon 16 15 12° 41' 06.37" N 125° 03' 53.71" E 49 06° 01' 08.15" N 121° 54' 41.45" E 83 15° 48' 43.61" N 119° 46' 56.09" E Vung Ro i of Khanh Hoa Province and occupies several of them. China seized all of Thuot Dam Mon e P China-US a Island 17-18 e Chanthaburi Pouthisat r 16 12° 36' 18.41" N 125° 08' 50.19" E 50 06° 00' 17.88" N 121° 53' 11.17" E 84 15° 57' 51.67" N 119° 44' 55.32" E A7 t 19-20 the Paracels in 1974. Like the Chinese, Vietnamese archeologists provide n Sibuyan Ticao h Krâchéh Hon Khoi S 21 Hon Cha La d 17 12° 32' 33.62" N 125° 12' 59.70" E 51 05° 12' 08.70" N 120° 41' 38.14" E 85 16° 09' 57.90" N 119° 45' 15.76" E T San Island i EAC Mindoro s r own evidence to support a long historic presence on various SCS ô e Masbate 22 thei a l n l Jose 18 12° 31' 57.45" N 125° 13' 32.37" E 52 04° 47' 39.24" N 119° 51' 58.08" E 86 16° 10' 12.42" N 119° 45' 11.95" E Nha l Van Phong Bay i 23 lé m b 24-25 i 81 Strait Sibuyan 19 12° 28' 36.42" N 125° 17' 12.32" E 53 04° 24' 53.84" N 119° 14' 50.71" E 87 16° 16' 34.46" N 119° 46' 19.50" E features. Hanoi claims that since France controlled both island groups S Sea a Kâmpóng p FLAG Ko Trang i Tablas t 26 a T Calbayog e Island Masbate

20 12° 27' 37.51" N 125° 18' 05.23" E 54 04° 25' 03.83" N 119° 14' 15.15" E 88 16° 17' 12.70" N 119° 46' 28.52" E Chang Chhnang b Island p beginning in the 1930s, Vietnam succeeded to those rights after indepen- d g Hon Tre Krong n . 21 12° 21' 41.64" N 125° 23' 07.41" E 55 04° 36' 09.01" N 119° 03' 22.75" E 89 16° 18' 29.49" N 119° 46' 44.94" E dence. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and the Philippines Guam-Philippines ko Kâmpóng Cham Da i Kaôh e Cam Ranh Island Sea Samar n 22 12° 17' 27.17" N 125° 27' 00.12" E 56 04° 42' 52.07" N 119° 01' 44.04" E 90 16° 19' 28.20" N 119° 47' 07.69" E M Lat Sea

dispute Vietnam’s claims. m e 23 12° 13' 21.95" N 125° 30' 19.47" E 57 04° 45' 55.25" N 119° 03' 15.19" E 91 16° 20' 04.38" N 119° 47' 20.48" E SeaMeWe Kong Ba Ngoi i a Ko l CALAMIAN Visayan Phan Rang- c L 24 12° 11' 48.16" N 125° 31' 30.88" E 58 04° 47' 05.36" N 119° 05' 12.94" E 92 17° 34' 24.94" N 120° 20' 33.36" E ina pac Island T Kut e NORTH a GROUP TIS (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore) m n s 25 12° 11' 20.67" N 125° 31' 48.29" E 59 04° 55' 10.45" N 119° 22' 01.30" E 93 17° 41' 17.56" N 120° 21' 02.02" E Thap Cham i St Sea r Jasmine Tay e DANGER REED r a ai Roxas PHNOM n l t s e Venture Terminal i REEF s 26 12° 06' 07.00" N 125° 34' 11.94" E 60 05° 02' 23.73" N 119° 44' 18.14" E 94 17° 55' 04.13" N 120° 24' 40.56" E Ninh c Tacloban Kaoh h Malampaya a City NARES TABLEMOUNT e n 27 10° 45' 16.70" N 125° 58' 08.78" E 61 05° 46' 35.15" N 119° 39' 51.77" E 95 18° 29' 32.42" N 120° 33' 42.41" E C Terminal P Kong s t PENH BANK e Bantayan s c Note: The South China Sea is defined by the International Hydrographic Bureau as the Scale 1: 5,100,000 n 80 28 09° 49' 59.58" N 126° 10' 06.39" E 62 06° 05' 58.41" N 118° 26' 57.30" E 96 18° 30' 52.88" N 120° 34' 55.35" E Thu Dau i e Dioscoro Papa/ Thitu h Ormoc Phan THITU W s Tacloban h 29 08° 53' 16.62" N 126° 20' 48.81" E 63 06° 04' 14.08" N 118° 18' 33.33" E 97 19° 10' 14.78" N 121° 12' 52.64" E stretching in a southwest to northeast direction, whose southern limit is West York C s Mot Island o m REEFS a Suluan Thiet i Island y Leyte 0 50 100 150 200 a P 30 08° 13' 11.53" N 126° 28' 53.25" E 64 06° 11' 04.65" N 118° 06' 54.15" E 98 20° 43' 15.74" N 121° 46' 57.80" E 3° South latitude between southern Sumatra and (Karimata Strait), and l Subi u Island Kâmpóng t Isabel c Flat 27 31 07° 42' 45.02" N 126° 34' 29.03" E 65 06° 13' 39.90" N 118° 03' 52.09" E 99 21° 07' 17.47" N 121° 56' 43.85" E Benchamas Kaoh Rung Ho Chi Minh ) Reef Taytay C CUYO s Gulf whose northern limit is the Taiwan Strait from the northern tip of Taiwan to the Kilometers Saôm n a Iloilo Terminal Kâmpôt a E Bacolod 32 07° 29' 49.47" N 126° 35' 59.24" E 66 06° 17' 43.99" N 118° 00' 05.44" E 100 21° 07' 18.41" N 121° 56' 48.79" E Kaoh Rung Cu Lao a BANK ISLANDS Alfonso coast of China. Chau City y o Palencia/ San Island Samlœm Su Tu Den la Loaita Island y 33 07° 29' 16.93" N 126° 35' 59.50" E 67 06° 52' 14.53" N 118° 23' 40.49" E 101 21° 07' 12.04" N 121° 57' 03.65" E 0 50 100 150 200 Phu My Thu a u Carlos Kaoh Pring Doc My Terminal K C Guimaras Toledo 34 07° 28' 30.97" N 126° 35' 57.30" E 68 07° 30' 26.05" N 117° 18' 33.75" E Thoi My Tho ( Pulupandan Cebu City Su Tu Vang e Island Statute Miles Tantawan Kaoh Long Long An in Dumaran Rafael Ramos/ Dinagat p Itu Aba Island Roxas Panay Mactan Terminal Tang Dao Phu Vung Tau Ruby p Xuyen i Island Minglanilla 10 Gulf of Quoc QUAN Can il 10 0 50 100 150 200 h Gaven Reefs Gulf DAO g 129 P Carlito Cunanan/ Carcar Island BA LUA Tho n Discovery Namyit Island QUAN DAO o Rang Dong 1 Julia Shoal Ulugan 28 Nautical Miles AN THOI Great Reef 79 Rach k Te Giac Trang Table Surigao Thailand e A6 Negros SIARGAO Hon Gia Soc Sin Cowe Island Point Paracel Islands Platong Rai M Chi Linh Terminal Ba Vi Terminal Mischief ISLANDS Terminal QUAN DAO Trang e UNION REEFS Reef NAM DU h Vietsovpetro 130 t Puerto Bais 111°00’ 112°00’ 113°00’ Dao Tho f Chi Lang Terminal Terminal Johnson Bac o Reef Bombay Princesa Apolinario Jalandoon/ Chu s Puerto Princesa North Ca Lieu th Vinashin Coronation Fiery Cross South Shoal ISLANDS Reef u Bank North Island A1 Mau Mo Reef Tree Island Middle Island 131 Masao 17°00’ South Island 17°00’ Erawan Hon ISLANDS Camiguin Terminal Chuoi Island 29 North Sand 78 Island Middle Sand Pearson Pigeon Nasipit South Sand Dido Thai-Vietnamese LONDON REEFS 77 Tubbataha AMPHITRITE maritime boundary Mui Reef South China Sea Rocky Island Bank Con Son Reef Half Moon Reefs GROUP Ca Mau 76 Sulu Woody Island A5 132 Shoal Dipolog Iltis Lincoln A3 A4 1979 Malaysian-claimed 75 CRESCENT Spratly Iligan Yagong Bank Island Hon continental shelf limit Oroquieta Cagayan GROUP Dao Island Bay Bislig Shi Yu Khoai A2 Prince of de Oro 30 Spratly Islands Pyramid Dai Hung Iligan Quanfu Dao Observation Rock Wales Cape Buliluyan Bank NEPTUNA h Pattle Island Bank Commodore Xianshe Yu BANKS Reef g 74 Sea City Marawi 110 16°30’ 112 16°30’ 114 116 118 Bongkot Prince Robert Island Drummond Island Terminal Barque 73 Consort Canada u Narciso Del Rosario/Balabac Duncan Island 5-2 INVESTIGATOR Pagadian Money Island 5-3 Bank Reef o 72 31 12 Antelope Bremen JEHANGIRE 12 SHOAL Bank Mariveles Cam Ranh Reef REEFS Amboyna Reef r 70-71 Margosatubio Cay m 69 Vuladdore Rong Doi T i 32-35 Reef Marie la Tagum (MV 12) c Illana m RIFLEMAN Louise Malaysian-Thai e i Scawfell ARDASIER n s 68 Sibuguey Bay Polloc Discovery Joint Development BANK Swallow e 36-37 a Bank Ko Losin REEFS n Bay l Bombay Song Doc Shoal Reef i Pulau Reef Area Charlotte a h Vietnam c Balambangan Reef C Davao Bank w NORTH VANGUARD CAGAYAN Cotabato e Passu Keah Pulau Romulo M. Espaldon/ Felix Apolinario/ Mati 16°00’ 16°00’ Royal a

s DANGER C BANK Pulau Zamboanga Davao Armada Charlotte l Malawali SULU ISLANDS e REEF REED h Banggi Zamboanga

Trident Perkasa 1979 Malaysian-claimed i B Reef a n n r i North u Kudat Digos Shoal NARES e n P Pulau Davao h Reef continental shelf limit s e 67 e n-claimed ia Jambongan C n Herald TABLEMOUNT ry Gulf Scale 1:2,500,000 Narathiwat nda aysia elf limit c bou al o Bank c South BANK Malaysian-Vietnamese ritime n Pulau PANGUTARAN ma l t se a Island Cape Reef Lys Shoal Joint Economic tname 1979 Minental sh in Mantanani GROUP 0 20 40 Kilometers Kota Vie i e n- m San Agustin Templer Development Zone esia cont n Louisa Besar 47 Palimban General Menzies on ta 38-39 Leslie Thai. Baharu Ind l Reef TURTLE 111°00’ 112°00’ 0 20 40 Nautical Miles Bank Bunga Kertis/ s SAMALES TAPIANTANA Point Santos im Reef Bank h Pulau 66 ISLANDS THITU REEFS Sandy Lukut e Sepangar Bay 65 a Tiezhi West York PULAU lf Mengalum GROUP GROUP 46 803427AI (G02457) 1-10 c Terminal Teluk 64 63 62 cl Sandy Cay Jiao Shoal Abu la Labuk 48 Island PERHENTIAN i Kikeh ) Malaysian-Vietnamese m Magados 49 Third Thomas NORTH Terminal WINCHESTER Jolo 50 n Thitu Island Pulau Island a Shoal Seahorse Dulang joint CLCS southern LUCONIA Buck SHOALS Island O Tinaca Pulau Hopkins Redang Pulau 38-39 a Subi Terminal y submission SHOALS Reef 61 G Point Miangas y LOAITA Shoal r Tiga a Loaita Flat Island Reef a A l Reef d T Siasi L BANK Irving Cendor n SARANGANI ISLANDS a Cay AMY Seahorse ap E Reef Kuala Terminal u Breakers Pulau aa TAPUL GROUP 40-41 K Nanshan Island DOUGLAS o Kimanis Oil n P 43-45 ( Loaita Nan Baker Pennsylvania b Anoa Labuan P I 42 Bao Tan Brown Terengganu and Gas Terminal Tawi Tawi ass e ag H Lankiam Reef BANK Terminal I e e North Reef n Island Reef m Victoria C i d SOUTH Loaita Island Cay Fairie t Tanjung Labian Cu LaoThu in i o Richmond R Iroquois r 51 n LUCONIA Labuan Hoare Reef Dickinson Wood Pulau a Reef 1958 British A Queen BANDAR S Reef Kuala Angsi e boundary SABAH 60 pp Reef SOUTHERN Tenggul m Lahad Datu s SHOALS i i Sand Deane Reef Bank Kakap Natuna Muara b 40-41 l n i 59 u Juan Magluyan/ i Petley Dungun a SERI Itu Aba REEFS a Marine Terminal Stigant Comus tu 35-37 Cay Hampson Petch i n Batu-Batu U h Reef s 11-12 Teluk Lahad P Shinko - 58 Island Reef Reef Shoal BEGAWAN Tanjong a L 34 KEPULAUAN NANUSA P Reef y M Eldad Kerteh Datu A 57 s 42-43 Shoal la 10 Tutong s Lord Salirong l a 52 U Terminal a Kuala i 56 Reef Hopps JACKSON a c g S Western Pennsylvania l e e M Pulau a Auckland Sierra Bangar Kunak 55

- 9 y Belait Lumut Gaven Livock Reef Malaysia Laut C Reef TIZARD BANK n

South Reef s Blanca Shoal a Seria h Pulau

Reefs i i Reef a a Carnatic Kampong s Semporna n GROUP Karakelong South China e Belida n n 33 e Namyit Island Hardy Reef Shoal n Belanak 53-54 SOUTHAMPTON Kemaman m l Discovery o Terminal Pulau KEPULAUAN d Udang Discovery Cornwallis a Holiday REEFS Miri 17

P n Great Reef r

ÎLES CATWICK S I Natuna 8 Small Reef Reef i 19 a

Whitsun Reef t 10 Reef 10 u Pulau 18 TALAUD h

13 i James n

m Pulau

a ELIZABETH Sebatik

g Kuantan Tanjung Shoal

n UNION e Madalene

Mischief Lixin a 44

Kennan Reef g SHOALS

i Gelang

Grierson Reef b Shoal

Julia Shoal Jiao Pulau Sin Cowe Island Union Atoll / Sin Cowe East Island Reef SABINA o

u Brunei Loveless Reef KUALA Natuna

REEFS SHOAL n Pulau Pulau Sangihe d m Lansdowne lai Bunyu Besar

Besar a c

Collins Reef Reef 7 1 r e Fancy Wreck LUMPUR Pekan es Acis 9

y in Sea Ch 20 7 6 Johnson Reef Len Dao Shoal 9 Port Klang Pulau Matak Tarakan M Shoal Pulau Pulau a Fiery Cross Boxall Siantan Bunyu la Bombay 5 y Petaling Jaya Pulau Malaysia s Reef Reef Pian ia Shoal Pulau KEPULAUAN Midai Pulau 14 n- KEPULAUAN Coronation Jiao Bintulu claimed SPRATLY Seremban Tioman ANAMBAS Subi continental shelf limit Bank Pulau Pulau KEPULAUAN Tanjung 32 Alicia Annie Pulau 4 Jemaja Airabu Sirik Pulau SANGIHE SARAWAK n Siau First Thomas Investigator Port Dickson Pemanggil NATUNA ya Reef Indonesian-Malaysian Pulau 15 a K Shoal Northeast Shoal maritime boundary Panjang i Sungai Udang SELATAN Pulau ng a Maralie Pulau ja g Bruit a n Wanua Aur Pulau g R u Reef Melaka an S Tagulandang Royal Pulau 3 Serasan Sibu Bat ISLANDS an Pulau Tinggi Central Captain Keluang as Maratua 21 Half Moon er Tanjungredep Wanua LONDON Shoal S 16 Reef Pigeon Shoal Palawan at Biaro REEFS Pearson Strait of Batu Pulau el Tandjung Sarikei Reef Murih S Reef Pahat Datu 31 Malacca 22 West Cuarteron Dumai Reef East Reef Alison Bengkalis Bahru Manado Ladd Reef Reef Reef Cornwallis Tanjung Singapore Kuching Pelepas M Tanjung Langsat South Reef Sungaipakning 25-26 Bitung 27 Halmahera Spratly Strait 1 24 Jubilee 1979 Malaysian-claimed Lalang SINGAPORE ore 30 Island Director p Pulau Sambu KEPULAUAN Sambas Simanggang Tanjung Tunggilio . Terminal ga 28 Seamount continental shelf limit in Pulau Binar Dako 29 d S Pulau 2 TAMBELAN e Tanjung Bintan Pulau Mapur 23 t Selat Panjang O i Philippines Batam Tanjung Uban Tanjungpinang Tanjung Commodore m Pulau Mangkalihat Glasgow i Pandanan Island Buatan Dondo Ternate Reef l Kijang Lemukutan Prince of Wales Barque INVESTIGATOR Bank e Island Singkawang d Bancalan Island Bank Canada Erica SHOAL Erjiao Jiao Pekanbaru KEPULAUAN RIAU Gorontalo Reef n s Tanjung bara Langkou Jiao a L Lizzie Reef Xiantou Jiao e Ramos Island Mantangule Island u KALIMATAN Alexandra Owen Webber e KEPULAUAN p Molucca b Pulau a Bank Shoal BADAS K S 8 t 8 Pengiki Besar i u Sangatta a n Ardasier o Pulau ng g Terminal Johnson Bombay Mariveles n Balabac Island 0 Datu u a Bontang 0 Breakers KEPULAUAN Pejantan Sanggau S i Equator Prince Consort Patch Castle s Equator M Teluk Tomini U Reef a Sintang a Bank LINGGA h Gloucester h a m k Breakers m i Sulu am i Pulau Sea Grainger a a Santan l l Balabac Strait Lingga Terminal KEPULAUAN Bank c c Melak Orleana TOGIAN C ir e RIFLEMAN Shoal ARDASIER e s Pulau VANGUARD Dallas Reef h e Indonesia t Singkep BANK Ardasier REEFS n Sea S Pantoloan BANK Kingston f i 1979 Malaysian-claimed e Samarinda Reef o h Sumatra Jabung la t Shoal t Terminal Berh Ampana n C continental shelf limit ala C te Luwuk x Pulau Muaratewe e Balambangan KEPULAUAN Palu Pulau Pulau e Pulau TUJUH Bekapi th Banggi Panebangan Maya , Senipah Terminal Peling

er Balikpapan Terminal A

B o 1979 Malaysian-claimed v t

continental shelf limit e a i

w tan Teluk r Poso Pulau g a Paracel and Spratly Islands Occupation Status o Hari Banggai Pulau Taliabu

H B

s. Pulau Jambi i Lawe-Lawe Pulau Mangole d Malawali a Terminal KEPULAUAN an Pulau g S sl Kudat S n BANGGAI China Taiwan Royal Charlotte y I e Karimata Ketapang u tl l S Reef ra Pulau a Makassar Tiaka Pulau Malaysia Vietnam p t S S Mantanani u Bangkurung KEPULAUAN SULA d Pangkalpinang n Pulau n Besar Pulau K g Philippines B l a Jambongan Pangkalbalam a Sanana r e a i Palangkaraya KEPULAUAN u rac r S a am Sulawesi BAWOKA n e P Indonesia Bangka im p Strait e th it i ims a Ceram Islands, reefs, and shoals that have portions above water at high a cla t Sampit (Celebes) are labeled in dark green. n c ietnam a Soroako V si a Sea o u Pulau s Tanjungpandan Pangkalanbuun KEPULAUAN M a n Liat l BALABALAGAN Mangkasa t r e Water Depth i i Belitung Oil Terminal n A G 4,000 2000 1000 200 e Palopo n Pulau t meters meters meters meters Louisa Reef Palembang a Tanjung Namlea t Mengalum Lubuklinggau Pulau l Tanjung Indonesia a e Sambar l Teluk Lepar Pemancingan s Saracen S Pulau h Labuk Banjarmasin Scale 1: 2,700,000 e Bank Pulau Malaysia l Gaya Buru 6 f 6 Perabumulih 0 20 40 60 80 100 c Banjarbaru Pulau Friendship Shoal la Kota Kinabalu Sebuku Banda Kilometers im WINCHESTER Pulau Hardie Reef Aitken Reef Sandakan Pulau Bengkulu Laut 0 20 40 60 80 100 NORTH SHOALS Pulau Baai Kendari Buck Reef Tiga Parepare Pulau Statute Miles LUCONIA 1958 British Teluk Wawonii Sea 0 20 40 60 80 100 SHOALS boundary Indian Bone Nautical Miles Moody Reef Seahorse Breakers Widuri Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. 110 112 114 116 118 Marine Terminal Pulau Buton Tripp Reef 110 120 Names in Vietnam are shown without diacritical marks. 803426AI (G02284) 1-10 803425AI (G02257) 1-10