R i 120 110 u T4-Y5 o Ganzhou Fuqing n h Chenzhou g Haitan S T2- J o Dao Daojiang g T3 S i a n Putian a i a n X g i Chi-lung- Chuxiong g n J 21 T6 D Kunming a i Xingyi Chang’an o Licheng Xiuyu Sha Lung shih O J a T n Guilin T O N pa Longyan T7 Keelung n Qinglanshan H Na N Lecheng T8 T1 - S A an A p Quanzhou 22 T'ao-yüan Taipei M an T22 I L Ji S H Zhongshu a * h South China Sea ng Hechi Lo-tung Yonaguni- I MIYAKO-RETTO S K Hsin-chu- m c Yuxi Shaoguan i jima S A T21 a I n shih Suao l ) Zhangzhou Xiamen c e T20 n r g e Liuzhou Babu s a n U T Taichung e a Quemoy p i Meizhou n i Y o J YAEYAMA-RETTO a h J t n J i Taiwan C L Yingcheng K China a a Sui'an ( o i 23 n g u H U h g n g Fuxing T'ai- a s e i n Strait Claimed Straight Baselines Kaiyuan H ia Hua-lien Y - Claims in the Paracel and Spratly Islands Bose J Mai-Liao chung-shih i Q J R i Maritime Lines u i g T9 Y h e n e o s ia o Dongshan CHINA u g B D s Tropic of Cancer J Hon n Qingyuan Tropic of Cancer Established maritime boundary ian J Chaozhou Makung n Declaration of the People’s Republic of China on the Baseline of the Territorial Sea, May 15, 1996 g i Pingnan Heyuan PESCADORES Taiwan a Xicheng an Wuzhou 21 25° 25.8' 00" N 119° 56.3' 00" E 31 21° 27.7' 00" N 112° 21.5' 00" E 41 18° 14.6' 00" N 109° 07.6' 00" E While Bandar Seri Begawan has not articulated claims to reefs in the South g Jieyang Chaozhou 24 T19 N BRUNEI Claim line Kaihua T10- Hsi-yü-p’ing Chia-i 22 24° 58.6' 00" N 119° 28.7' 00" E 32 19° 58.5' 00" N 111° 16.4' 00" E 42 18° 19.3' 00" N 108° 57.1' 00" E China Sea (SCS), since 1985 the Sultanate has claimed a continental shelf Xinjing Guiping Xu Shantou T11 Yü Luxu n Jiang T12 23 24° 09.7' 00" N 118° 14.2' 00" E 33 19° 53.0' 00" N 111° 12.8' 00" E 43 18° 30.2' 00" N 108° 41.3' 00" E X Puning T13 that extends beyond these features to a hypothetical median with Vietnam. Bruneian continental shelf claim Guigang i Jiang Guangzhou 24 23° 31.9' 00" N 117° 41.3' 00" E 34 18° 39.7' 00" N 110° 29.6' 00" E 44 18° 30.4' 00" N 108° 41.1' 00" E Simao Dongguan 25-26 Liu-ch’iu T'ai-nan Shanwei Yü Anping 25 23° 12.9' 00" N 117° 14.9' 00" E 35 18° 39.4' 00" N 110° 29.1' 00" E 45 18° 31.0' 00" N 108° 40.6' 00" E Malaysia contends Brunei’s maritime limit stops at the 100-fathom isobath Ha Giang Huicheng T'ai- Chinese S Huizhou o Nanning Zhaoqing Huangpu 26 23° 12.3' 00" N 117° 13.9' 00" E 36 18° 26.1' 00" N 110° 08.4' 00" E 46 18° 31.1' 00" N 108° 40.5' 00" E from the coast based on 1958 UK Orders in Council. China’s and Taiwan’s n ng P'ing- tung (series of 9 dashes; the 10th dash shown on g Cao Bang ia Foshan Haicheng Lufeng 27 Yun-an B J Nansha tung T18 27 22° 56.1' 00" N 116° 29.7' 00" E 37 18° 23.0' 00" N 110° 03.0' 00" E 47 18° 50.5' 00" N 108° 37.3' 00" E claimed areas in the SCS include the seaward extension of Brunei’s maritime map is outside of the South China Sea) a Yu Lingcheng Huizhou Tsoying ng ng Lü Tao 28 22° 18.9' 00" N 115° 07.5' 00" E 38 18° 11.0' 00" N 109° 42.1' 00" E 48 19° 11.6' 00" N 108° 36.0' 00" E M G ia claim. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam do Sa Pa ia J Jiangmen Shiqi Shenzhen Shanwei ng uo Yulin Kao-hsiung 29 21° 48.5' 00" N 113° 58.0' 00" E 39 18° 11.0' 00" N 109° 41.8' 00" E 49 19° 21.1' 00" N 108° 38.6' 00" E 1979 Malaysian continental shelf limit e Red Z Shekou Guangdong not accept Brunei’s claims. k Xinyi Zhongshan Ta-Lin-Pu 30 21° 34.1' 00" N 112° 47.9' 00" E 40 18° 09.5' 00" N 109° 34.4' 00" E o Yantian Terminal n T14 Philippine (Kalayaan) g Bobai Changsha Zhuhai Pingxiang Hong 28 Liu-ch’iu Yü Lan Yü MALAYSIA Hypothethical equidistant line Qinzhou Macau Kong Gaozhou Special Administrative O-luan T16- Malaysia has not formally claimed and specifi ed a system of baselines in the Baselines Maritime Zones Act ratifi ed in 2007 but baselines were apparently drawn to B S Special l o Yangjiang Mao-pi Pi T17 Phongsali ac Thai n Administrative Region determine Malaysia’s territorial sea limits, which are shown on offi cial maps. Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS (Commission on k g Fangcheng T’ou Ky Lianzhou Beijing refers to the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Yen Bai Nguyen C Region 29 Lufeng T15 CHINA the Limits of the Continental Shelf) southern ung Maoming Terminal (claimed by CHINA and VIETNAM) Scarborough Reef as Nansha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Dongsha Qundao, Shangchuan PARACEL ISLANDS submission Son La Beihai Wuchuan Dao Bashi Channel Declaration on Chinese-claimed straight baselines, May 15, 1996 and Huangyan Dao, respectively, claiming these as well as all surfacing and Hailing 30 Huizhou Dao 31 Terminal im Shuidong Munin a 1 16° 40' 30" N 112° 44' 12" E 11 15° 46' 30" N 111° 11' 36" E 21 17° 07' 06" N 111° 31' 36" E undersea features within nine dashes drawn on Chinese SCS maps. China 200-nautical-mile arc drawn from undisputed territory Cam Dao Vình l 99- HANOI Hon Thuc Zhanjiang Xijiang c 101 1 e Y’Ami 2 16° 40' 06" N 112° 44' 30" E 12 15° 46' 42" N 111° 11' 24" E 22 17° 06' 54" N 111° 32' 00" E Louang Gai Pha Weizhou 23-1 Xijiang s treats Scarborough Reef, also claimed by the Philippines, as part of partially Dao e Island 12-nautical-mile line Namtha 30-2 n 3 16° 39' 48" N 112° 44' 42" E 13 15° 46' 54" N 111° 11' 18" E 23 16° 59' 54" N 112° 14' 42" E Haiphong Donghai Dao i drying Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Qundao). China adopted the nine QUAN DAO Leizhou h Itbayat 4 16° 04' 24" N 112° 35' 48" E 14 15° 47' 12" N 111° 11' 24" E 24 16° 59' 42" N 112° 15' 36" E C Spratly Islands12-nautical-mile line Ha Long CO TO Naozhou Dao Island BATAN 5 16° 01' 54" N 112° 32' 42" E 15 17° 04' 54" N 111° 26' 54" E 25 16° 59' 24" N 112° 16' 36" E dashes from Kuomintang maps drawn in 1947, resulting in Taiwan’s claims Doan D1 Weizhou Leizhou D2 98 (Under UNCLOS, states are entitled to claim 12-nm territorial seas from Xa QUAN DAO Panyu Liuhua ISLANDS 6 16° 01' 30" N 112° 31' 48" E 16 17° 05' 24" N 111° 26' 54" E 26 16° 58' 24" N 112° 18' 18" E coinciding largely with China’s. China considers the area within the dashes S 10-3 Bandao 4-2/5-1 D3 any and all of their sovereign and/or claimed territory.) o LONG CHAU Terminal 7 16° 01' 30" N 112° 24' 48" E 17 17° 05' 42" N 111° 27' 12" E 27 16° 57' 36" N 112° 19' 36" E n D4 Luzon Basco to be part of Hainan Province and has referred to the maritime space g Pratas Xam M Batan Island 8 15° 46' 30" N 111° 12' 36" E 18 17° 06' 00" N 111° 27' 48" E 28 16° 56' 54" N 112° 20' 30" E therein as Chinese “territorial waters,” an undefined term that does not Nua a Nam Dinh Xucheng Island Straight baseline ry 9 15° 46' 24" N 111° 12' 06" E 19 17° 06' 30" N 111° 29' 12" E 20 Dao Bach a 20 d Sabtang appear to conform to standard maritime regimes permitted under 23 Long Vi n 10 15° 46' 24" N 111° 11' 48" E 20 17° 07' 00" N 111° 31' 00" E u it Island Straight baseline turning point o Hainan Stra international law. Chinese archeologists assert the islands in the SCS were b Louangphrabang e Haikou 2 m the ancient site of fishing and merchant activities and Chinese records note ti Balintang Channel Note: The United States Government does not accept the validity of ri 32 TAIWAN a Macun Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China, January 21, 1998 naval expeditions into the South China Sea during the Han Dynasty in A.D.