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An Introduction to Old English

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An Introduction to Old English Матковська М.В. AN INTRODUCTION TO OLD ENGLISH Навчальний посібник видання 6-те стереотипне Кам’янець-Подільський 2020 УДК 811.11101(075.8) М 33 Рецензенти: Р.В. Васько, доктор філологічних наук, професор, зав. кафедри германської і фіно-угорської філології Київського національного лінгвістичного університету Н.Г. Іщенко, доктор філологічних наук, професор кафедри теорії, практики та перекладу англійської мови НТУУ «Київський політехнічний інститут» В.В. Михайленко, доктор філологічних наук, професор, зав. кафедри сучасних європейських мов Буковинського державного фінансово-економічного університету Науковий редактор: О.Д. Огуй, доктор філологічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри іноземних мов для гуманітарних факультетів Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича Редакційна правка: Мішель Лемптон, магістр гуманітарних наук (Університет Лідс, Велика Британія), викладач кафедри англійської мови Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича Друкується за ухвалою вченої ради Кам’янець-Подільського національного університету імені Івана Огієнка (протокол №10 від 5.10.2015) Матковська М.В. М 33 An Introduction to Old English : Навчальний посібник / М.В. Матковська. – 6-те видан. стереотипне. – Кам’янець-Подільський: ФОП Буйницький О.А., 2020. – 272 с. ISBN 978-617-608-048-0 Навчальний посібник спрямований на формування у студентів мовно-мовленнєвої компетентності, яка дозволяє аналізувати та пояснювати лінгвістичні явища з точки зору їх історичного розвитку. Структурно посібник складається з 6 тематичних модулів: Theoretical Aspects, Germanic Languages, Old English 450-1100 A.D., Old English Phonology, Old English Grammar and Old English Vocabulary; у зазначених вище модулях викладено основні етапи розвитку фонетичної і граматичної будови давньоанглійської мови, зміни її лексичного складу та словотворчих засобів. Теоретичний матеріал підкріплений завданнями і тестами для практичних занять та самостійної роботи із можливістю застосування мультимедійних технологій з метою вдосконалення знань студентів з історії англійської мови. Для студентів-філологів вищих навчальних закладів. УДК 811.11101(075.8) ISBN 978-617-608-048-0 CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................ 7 EDUCATIONAL MODULE I: THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE HISTORY ................................................................................. 9 LECTURE 1 ........................................................................................................... 9 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 10 1.1. The origins and history of English ....................................................................11 1.2. Methods of studying history of English ............................................................20 1.3. Internal and external language history .............................................................. 23 1.4. Synchrony versus diachrony ............................................................................. 28 1.5. Language change and language variation ........................................................ 31 1.5.1. Sound changes ........................................................................................ 33 1.5.2. Grammatical changes.............................................................................. 34 1.5.3. Lexical changes ...................................................................................... 36 Summary .................................................................................................................. 38 Questions for self-control ........................................................................................ 38 SELF-STUDY 1 ...................................................................................................... 39 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 40 1.1. The theoretical item for self-study: the periods in the history of English......... 40 Summary .................................................................................................................. 45 1.2. Video [ lms (either on CD or You Tube) ........................................................... 45 1.3. Computer tests in e-learning ............................................................................. 46 EDUCATIONAL MODULE II: THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY. LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES .......... 49 LECTURE 2 ........................................................................................................... 49 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 50 2.1. The Indo-European hypothesis about the discovery of the Indo-European languages ........................................................................51 2.2. Overview of the Germanic languages ...............................................................56 2.3. Germanic alphabets ...........................................................................................59 2.4. Indo-European to Germanic: sound changes .................................................... 60 2.5. Indo-European to Germanic: changes in morphology and syntax ....................67 2.6. Indo-European to Germanic: lexicon changes .................................................. 72 Summary .................................................................................................................. 76 Questions for self-control ........................................................................................ 76 SEMINAR 1 ............................................................................................................ 77 2.1. Study points ...................................................................................................... 77 2.2. Tests: review of theory ...................................................................................... 78 2.3. Practice exercises .............................................................................................. 83 3 SELF-STUDY 2 ...................................................................................................... 84 2.1. Video [ lms (either on CD or You Tube) ........................................................... 84 2.2. Computer tests in e-learning ............................................................................. 85 EDUCATIONAL MODULE III: OLD ENGLISH 450-1100 A.D. .................... 89 LECTURE 3 ........................................................................................................... 89 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 90 3.1. Celtic settlers of Britain: The Pre-English period .............................................90 3.2. The Roman conquest of Britain ........................................................................ 92 3.3. The Anglo-Saxon invasion ................................................................................96 3.4. The Scandinavian invasion ............................................................................... 100 3.5. Old English dialects .......................................................................................... 102 3.6. The early runic inscriptions............................................................................... 104 3.7. Old English manuscripts ................................................................................... 106 Summary .................................................................................................................. 112 Questions for self-control ........................................................................................ 112 SELF-STUDY 3 ...................................................................................................... 113 3.1. Video [ lms (either on CD or You Tube) ........................................................... 113 3.2. Computer tests in e-learning ............................................................................. 113 EDUCATIONAL MODULE IV: OLD ENGLISH PHONOLOGY .................. 117 LECTURE 4 ........................................................................................................... 117 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 118 4.1. Spelling irregularities… ....................................................................................118 4.2. Word stress ........................................................................................................ 120 4.3. Vowel changes in Old English .......................................................................... 121 4.3.1. Breaking (Fracture) .................................................................................124 4.3.2. Palatal mutation (i-umlaut) ..................................................................... 124 4.3.3. Back or velar mutation ........................................................................... 126 4.3.4. Diphthongization after palatal consonants.............................................. 127 4.3.5. Mutation before h ................................................................................... 127 4.3.6. Contraction ............................................................................................
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