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King Lfred's Version Off the Consolations of Boethius
King _lfred's Version off the Consolations of Boethius HENRY FROWDE, M A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OF_0RD LONDON, EDINBURGH_ AND NEW YORK Kring e__lfred's Version o_/"the Consolations of Boethius _ _ Z)one into c_gfodern English, with an Introduction _ _ _ _ u_aa Litt.D._ Editor _o_.,I_ing .... i .dlfred_ OM Englis.h..ffgerAon2.' !ilo of the ' De Con.d.¢_onz,o,e 2 Oxford : _4t the Claro_don:,.....: PrestO0000 M D CCCC _eee_ Ioee_ J_el eeoee le e_ZNeFED AT THE_.e_EN_N PI_.._S _ee • • oeoo eee • oeee eo6_o eoee • ooeo e_ooo ..:.. ..'.: oe°_ ° leeeo eeoe ee •QQ . :.:.. oOeeo QOO_e 6eeQ aee...._ e • eee TO THE REV. PROFESSOR W. W. SKEAT LITT.D._ D.C.L._ LL.D.:_ PH.D. THIS _800K IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED PREFACE THE preparationsfor adequately commemoratingthe forthcoming millenary of King Alfred's death have set going a fresh wave of popularinterest in that hero. Lectares have been given, committees formed, sub- scriptions paid and promised, and an excellent book of essays by eminent specialists has been written about Alfred considered under quite a number of aspects. That great King has himself told us that he was not indifferent to the opinion of those that should come after him, and he earnestly desired that that opinion should be a high one. We have by no means for- gotten him, it is true, but yet to verymany intelligent people he is, to use a paradox, a distinctly nebulous character of history. His most undying attributes in the memory of the people are not unconnected with singed cakes and romantic visits in disguise to the Danish viii Preface Danish camp. -
A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself. -
Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony
he collection of essays presented in “Devotional Cross-Roads: Practicing Love of God in Medieval Gaul, Jerusalem, and Saxony” investigates test case witnesses of TChristian devotion and patronage from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, set in and between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, as well as Gaul and the regions north of the Alps. Devotional practice and love of God refer to people – mostly from the lay and religious elite –, ideas, copies of texts, images, and material objects, such as relics and reliquaries. The wide geographic borders and time span are used here to illustrate a broad picture composed around questions of worship, identity, reli- gious affiliation and gender. Among the diversity of cases, the studies presented in this volume exemplify recurring themes, which occupied the Christian believer, such as the veneration of the Cross, translation of architecture, pilgrimage and patronage, emergence of iconography and devotional patterns. These essays are representing the research results of the project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony” guided by the art historian Galit Noga-Banai, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the histori- an Hedwig Röckelein, Georg-August-University Göttingen. This project was running from 2013 to 2018 within the Niedersachsen-Israeli Program and financed by the State of Lower Saxony. Devotional Cross-Roads Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony Edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover Röckelein/Noga-Banai/Pinchover Devotional Cross-Roads ISBN 978-3-86395-372-0 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover (Eds.) Devotional Cross-Roads This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
Anglo-Saxon Hegemony in Early Medieval Britain
Anglo-Saxon hegemony in Early Medieval Britain Cultural and political dominance by foreign minority groups Thea Kveiland Master’s thesis in history Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History Faculty of Humanities University of Oslo Spring 2019 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I thank my supervisor Professor Jón Víðar Sigurðsson at the University of Oslo for his very considerate and encouraging help throughout the writing of this thesis, from the idea was formed in the autumn of 2018 to its completion in the spring of 2019. His excellent guidance helped me see the forest when I was lost among the trees. I would also like to thank Professor John Hines at Cardiff University for his helpful directions, and Kristin Bech at the University of Oslo for first inviting me into the wonderful world of the Anglo-Saxons. Not least, I owe my family many thanks for putting up with my never-ending phone calls and for always being there for me. Thank you! Thea Kveiland 1 May 2019 i Abstract During the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages both the political and cultural situation in Britain became completely and utterly changed. Where the Western Roman Empire previously had exerted power over the Celtic British population for more than three decades, it appeared as if next to all elements of Roman or British origin was eradicated and instead exchanged with culturally Germanic features. This was traditionally explained with an Anglo-Saxon genocide of the British. The evidence presented in this thesis, however, rather point to a large degree of continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon Britain, both when it comes to the rural population and the elite. -
The Afterlives of Bede's Tribal Names in English Place-Names
Chapter 6 The Afterlives of Bede’s Tribal Names in English Place-Names John Baker and Jayne Carroll Bede famously traced the origins of the Anglo-Saxons back to three of the strongest Germanic “tribes”: They came from three very powerful Germanic tribes [de tribus Germani- ae populis fortioribus], the Saxons [Saxonibus], Angles [Anglis], and Jutes [Iutis]. The people of Kent and the inhabitants of the Isle of Wight are of Jutish origin and also those opposite the Isle of Wight, that part of the kingdom of Wessex which is still today called the nation of the Jutes. From the Saxon country, that is, the district now known as Old Saxony, came the East Saxons, the South Saxons, and the West Saxons. Besides this, from the country of the Angles, that is the land between the king- doms of the Jutes and the Saxons, which is called Angulus, came the East Angles, the Middle Angles, the Mercians, and all the Northumbrian race (that is those people who dwell north of the river Humber) as well as the other Anglian tribes.1 Already in the time of Bede, it is clear that these three people-names could be used to denote both continental and insular peoples. Indeed, in Old English (OE) texts, Engle ‘Angle’ is used in several ways: (1) to refer to the inhabitants of Angeln;2 (2) to refer to one of the constituent bodies of the Germanic-speaking inhabitants who arrived in lowland Britain, and who settled, traditionally at least (as in Bede’s Historia), in midland and northern areas of what was to be- come England, and in contrast to Saxons and Jutes (and others);3 (3) the 1 Bede, HE i.15. -
Vienna and Austria in Shakespeare and Other English Renaissance Writing
Actes des congrès de la Société française Shakespeare 22 | 2005 Shakespeare et l’Europe de la Renaissance Between Topographical Fact and Cliché: Vienna and Austria in Shakespeare and other English Renaissance Writing Manfred Draudt Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/shakespeare/746 DOI : 10.4000/shakespeare.746 ISSN : 2271-6424 Éditeur Société Française Shakespeare Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 novembre 2005 Pagination : 95-115 ISBN : 2-9521475-1-5 Référence électronique Manfred Draudt, « Between Topographical Fact and Cliché: Vienna and Austria in Shakespeare and other English Renaissance Writing », Actes des congrès de la Société française Shakespeare [En ligne], 22 | 2005, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2007, consulté le 03 mai 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/shakespeare/746 ; DOI : 10.4000/shakespeare.746 © SFS Shakespeare et l’Europe de la Renaissance actes du Congrès organisé par la SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE SHAKESPEARE les 11, 12 et 13 mars 2004 textes réunis par Pierre KAPITANIAK sous la direction de Yves PEYRÉ COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE : Margaret Jones-Davis Jean-Marie Maguin Yves Peyré Pierre Kapitaniak COUVERTURE : Edouard Lekston, William Tabula Proxim us, 2004 conception graphique et logo Pierre Kapitaniak © 2004 Société Française Shakespeare Institut du Monde Anglophone Université de Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle http://univ-montp3.fr/SFS/ 5 rue de l’École de Médecine 75006 Paris ISBN 2-9521475-1-5 Tous droits de traduction, de reproduction et d’adaptation réservés pour tous les pays BETWEEN TOPOGRAPHICAL FACT AND CLICH É: VIENNA AND AUSTRIA IN S HAKESPEARE AND OTH ER ENGLISH RENAISSANCE W RITING Manfred DRAUDT Whereas English topographers related Vienna and Austria with Germany, Shakespeare sharply differentiated between the two countries. -
Writing Conquest: Traditions of Anglo-Saxon Invasion and Resistance in the Twelfth Century a DISSERTATION SUBMITTED to the FACU
Writing Conquest: Traditions of Anglo-Saxon Invasion and Resistance in the Twelfth Century A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Christopher H. Flack IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Professor Andrew Scheil, Adviser September 2013 © Christopher H. Flack 2013 i Acknowledgements While this dissertation may bear my name alone, I never could have completed it without the help of innumerable people. I would, therefore, like to thank the English Department at the University of Minnesota; not only were they incredibly generous, but their support—as a whole—and their commitment to professionalization have been invaluable to me throughout this process. To the libraries at the University of Minnesota as well, I have to extend my thanks. Not only did they allow me to take out entirely too many books for my own good and bear with me when I invariably neglected to turn them back on time, but they never failed to seek out those rare texts instrumental to the completion of this work. While I cannot thank the faculty at the University of Minnesota enough for their dedication both inside and out of the classroom, I’d like to especially thank those members of my committee who have all helped make this dissertation a reality. To Mary Franklin-Brown, Lianna Farber, Rebecca Krug I extend my heartfelt thanks for their time, comments, guidance, and help throughout this process. I, of course, owe my greatest debt to my adviser Professor Andrew Scheil, who never flinched when I asked him for advice on a multitude of subjects, who tirelessly read innumerable materials—whether those be abstracts, fellowship applications, conference presentations, or dissertation chapters—who steadfastly supported me in all my endeavors, and who encouraged me to pursue all my scholarly interests—even in things like Old Norse and Gothic. -
Mortem Et Gloriam Army Lists Use the Army Lists to Create Your Own Customised Armies Using the Mortem Et Gloriam Army Builder
Army Lists Germany, Gaul and Britain Contents Highland Gallic 350 to 50 BCE Lowland Gallic 350 to 40 BCE Early German v03 180 BCE to 219 CE Ancient British 60 BCE to 90 CE Scots Irish 50 BCE to 450 CE Batavian Revolt 69 to 70 CE Caledonian 70 to 211 CE Picts 215 to 500 CE Early Franks 220 to 484 CE Rugii 220 to 490 CE Turcilingi 220 to 493 CE Burgundi 220 to 495 CE Alamanni 220 to 506 CE Thuringii 220 to 555 CE Suevi 220 to 584 CE Frisii 220 to 734 CE Old Saxon 220 to 804 CE Limigantes 334 to 359 CE Version 2020.03: 2nd May 2020 © Simon Hall Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder. There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better. 4. Unless specified otherwise, all elements in a UG must be classified identically. Unless specified otherwise, if an optional characteristic is taken, it must be taken by all the elements in the UG for which that optional characteristic is available. 5. Any UGs can be downgraded by one quality grade and/or by one shooting skill representing less strong, tired or understrength troops. -
The New West German Miniing Law
Land & Water Law Review Volume 19 Issue 2 Article 1 1984 The New West German Miniing Law Gunther Kuehne Frank J. Trelease Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.uwyo.edu/land_water Recommended Citation Kuehne, Gunther and Trelease, Frank J. (1984) "The New West German Miniing Law," Land & Water Law Review: Vol. 19 : Iss. 2 , pp. 371 - 394. Available at: https://scholarship.law.uwyo.edu/land_water/vol19/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Law Archive of Wyoming Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Land & Water Law Review by an authorized editor of Law Archive of Wyoming Scholarship. Kuehne and Trelease: The New West German Miniing Law University of Wyoming College of Law LAND AND WATER LAW REVIEW VOLUME XIX 1984 NUMBER2 Federal mining law has long been criticized as cumbersome and Inef- ficient. Although there have been some major reforms, most changes have been piecemeal additions to the Mining Law of 1872. In this article, the new and comprehensive mining law enacted in the Federal Republic of Germany is examined and comparisons are made with American mining law. Professor Trelease discusses the background of American and Ger- man mining law, tracing them to their common ancestry. Dr. Kuehne then examines the new German mining code. As a modem mining code for a major Industrial country, the new West German mining law contains a variety of provisions which provide solutions to a number of problems which persist in American law. THE NEW WEST GERMAN MINING LAW Gunther Kuehne* Frank J. -
The Fall of the Burgundians: Continuity in Legend and History
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Viking and Medieval Norse Studies The Fall of the Burgundians Continuity in Legend and History Ritgerð til MA-prófs í Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Matthew Kenyon Kt.: 190585-4339 Leiðbeinandi: Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir Maí 2020 Abstract The Migration Period of the 4-5th century marked a dramatic shift in Western Civilization. The arrival of the Huns on the eastern fringe of Europe set off a chaotic chain of events that would radically change the ethnic, linguistic, and political landscape. By the time the dust had settled the classical world that was dominated by the Romans had vanished and a new age dawned. Amid this transitional period occurred the basis of a legend that would later be known as the Völsunga saga. This fall of the Burgundians event would become a foundational story, with varying traditions, and perhaps the most significant legend in Germanic tradition. The following paper is an attempt to show a continuity in the details and themes, by examining the survival of the wide (and often contradictory) source material. The goal of which is to develop insights upon the shadowy historical event and improve the historicity of the literary accounts. Ágrip Þjóðflutningatímabil 4. og 5. aldar setti svip sinn á þróun vestrænnar siðmenningar. Innrás Húna á austurjaðri Evrópu hrinti af stað röð óreiðukenndra atburða sem bundu enda á heimsveldi Rómverja. Á meðan á þessu öllu stóð áttu sér stað atburðir sem lögðu grunninn að sögu Niflunganna, eða sögnin um fall Búrgunda. Atburðirnir urðu að e.k. bakgrunnssögn, sem er ef til vill ein sú mikilvægasta í germanskri sagnahefð. -
The History of English. an Introduction
The History of English. An Introduction. “There was variety from the very beginning. There must have been. No one has ever found a speech community which does not contain regional and social variation, […]. Indeed the society which the Anglo-Saxons joined in Britain in the fifth century was notably heterogeneous. Old English, as we have come to call the earliest stage of the language, evolved in a land which was full of migrants, raiders, mercenaries, temporary settlers, long-established families, people of mixed ethnic origins, and rapidly changing power bases.” (David Crystal, The Stories of English, Penguin, 2004, p. 15.) THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE OLD ENGLISH MIDDLE ENGLISH EARLY MODERN ENGLISH PRESENT DAY ENGLISH 500 1066 1500 1700 Mainly Pictish areas Mainly Goidelic areas Firth of Forth Mainly Brittonic areas OLD ENGLISH PERIOD 449 AD: Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians began to occupy Great Britain, thus separating the early English language from its Continental relatives. According to the Venerable Bede’s account in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, written in Latin and completed around 730, almost three centuries after the event, the Britons called the “Saxons” to their aid “from the parts beyond the sea.” As a result of their appeal, shiploads of Germanic warrior- adventurers began to arrive. The date that Bede gives for the first landing of those Saxons is 449. With it the Old English period begins. “They consulted what was to be done, and where they should seek assistance to prevent or repel the cruel and frequent incursions of the northern nations; and they all agreed with their King Vortigern to call over to their aid, from the parts beyond the sea, the Saxon nation… Then the nation of the Angles, or Saxons, being invited by the aforesaid king, arrived in Britain with three long ships.” In 731/732 Bede completed his Historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum. -
Setting the Scene
1 Setting the scene he link between cloth and clothing may seem an obvious one to the casual reader, and yet within the archaeological world ‘textiles’ and ‘costume’ are Toften treated as two separate studies. This division has arisen naturally out of the inherent characteristics of the two subjects and out of the need for two different approaches to their research. In essence, textiles are a product of a technological process and the analysis of their structure and raw material requires at least some scientific and technical skill. This means that textile data can be collected methodically and processed numerically, out of which chronological and regional trends may be described, imports and native wares identified, economy and patterns of trade rationally argued. The study of costume, on the other hand, deals with something more illusive and abstract. How we dress represents the face we show to society and clothing may – sometimes unconsciously – be used to express age, cultural affiliation, social and economic status and, at a personal level, our degree of conformity or independence. How costumes spread geographically and socially is entirely unpredictable. A new fashion may begin with the elite, or originate in the street, or field, or battleground. It may spread like wildfire, jumping political, race and gender boundaries, and then pull up short at the borders of some particularly conservative community. Research into costume requires the consideration of a range of different sources, visual, written, and archaeological, and also an understanding of the context of the material: for the rep- resentation of an emperor, or a priest in sacrificial robes, or an illustration copied from an earlier manuscript, may have little to do with the everyday clothing of the period.