Flora Vascular De Andalucía Oriental

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Flora Vascular De Andalucía Oriental Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental Editores científicos: Gabriel Blanca (Universidad de Granada) Baltasar Cabezudo (Universidad de Málaga) Miguel Cueto (Universidad de Almería) Carlos Fernández López (Universidad de Jaén) Concepción Morales Torres (Universidad de Granada) Volumen 1 SELAGINELLACEAE–CERATOPHYLLACEAE FLORA VASCULAR DE ANDALUCÍA ORIENTAL Edita: Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Junta de Andalucía Consejera de Medio Ambiente Cinta Castillo Jiménez Viceconsejero de Medio Ambiente Juan Jesús Jiménez Martín Director General de Gestión del Medio Natural Francisco Javier Rojo Madrid Dirección Facultativa Rosa María Mendoza Castellón Diseño Gráfico, Maquetación y Retoque fotográfico Miguel Carrión Publicidad S.L El Ejido (Almería) Fotomecánica e impresión Escandón Impresores. Sevilla © 2009, Texto y fotografías: los autores © 2009, Consejería de Medio Ambiente Quedan rigurosamente prohibidas, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del “Copyright” y bajo las sanciones establecidas en las leyes, la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía y el tratamiento informático, y la distribución de ella mediante venta o alquiler. ISBN obra completa: 978–84–92807–12–3 ISBN volumen 1: 978–84–92807–13–0 Depósito legal: SE-4430-2009 (I) Impreso en España 2009 La obra completa debe citarse como: Blanca G., Cabezudo B., Cueto M., Fernández López C. & Morales Torres C. (2009, eds.). Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental, 4 vols. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Este libro debe citarse como: Blanca G., Cabezudo B., Cueto M., Fernández López C. & Morales Torres C. (2009, eds.). Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental. Volumen 1: Selaginellaceae–Ceratophyllaceae. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. 427 págs. Un capítulo debe citarse como: Navarro F. B. & Jiménez M. N. (2009). Iris L. En: G. Blanca, B. Cabezudo, M. Cueto, C. Fernández López & C. Morales Torres (eds.), Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental 1: 182–186. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. AUTORES DE LAS REVISIONES DEL VOLUMEN 1 J. ALGARRA: Orchidaceae. L. BAENA: Lauraceae. G. BLANCA: Aloe, Araceae, Arecaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Lemnaceae, Muscari, Orchidaceae. B. CABEZUDO: Gimnospermas, Pteridófitos. P. C ATALÁN: Festuca. M. B. CRESPO: Epipactis. M. CUETO: Cynomoriaceae. E. GIMÉNEZ: Cynomoriaceae. F. G ÓMEZ MERCADO: Cytinaceae. M. N. JIMÉNEZ: Iridaceae. M. L. LENDÍNEZ: Juncus. M. MELENDO: Alismataceae, Zannichelliaceae. C. MORALES TORRES: Aristolochiaceae. F. B. NAVARRO: Amaryllidaceae, Aphyllantaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae (excepto Aloe), Colchicaceae, Hyacinthaceae (excepto Muscari), Iridaceae, Liliaceae, Ruscaceae. A. M. NEGRILLO: Aegilops, Elymus, Hordeum, Taeniatherum. J. PASTOR: Alliaceae. A. V. PÉREZ LATORRE: Gimnospermas. J. QUESADA: Potamogetonaceae, Fuirena, Carex. A. QUINTANAR: Koeleria. A. T. ROMERO: Poaceae (excepto Achnatherum, Aegilops, Arrhenatherum, Avena, Avenula, Bromus, Celtica, Elymus, Festuca, Helictotrichon, Hordeum, Macrochloa, Stipa, Taeniatherum, Vulpia). C. ROMERO ZARCO: Arrhenatherum, Avena, Avenella, Avenula, Deschampsia, Helictotrichon. C. SALAZAR: Alismataceae, Cymodoceaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Najadaceae, Posidoniaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Zosteraceae. M. J. SALINAS: Agavaceae, Bromus, Dioscoreaceae, Smilacaceae, Vulpia. V. N. SUÁREZ–SANTIAGO: Muscari. F. VALLE: Bolboschoenus, Cyperus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus. F. M. VÁZQUEZ: Achnatherum, Celtica, Macrochloa, Stipa. ILUSTRACIONES E. Campos, P. Campos, P. Guerrero, D. Nesbitt, A. Ortega Olivencia FOTOGRAFÍAS G. Blanca, excepto las que se indican en el texto de M. Becerra, A. Benavente, B. Cabezudo, M. Cueto, R. Nieto, J. Quesada, J. Ramírez, J. Real, A. T. Romero, J. C. de la Rosa, C. Salazar, E. Triano, M. T. Vizoso. ÍNDICE GENERAL DEL VOLUMEN 1 PRESENTACIÓN 9 PRÓLOGO 11 INTRODUCCIÓN 15 Ordenación de las familias 17 Descripciones de las especies 23 ÁREAS NATURALES 29 CLAVE GENERAL 37 PTERIDÓFITOS 41 Selaginellaceae 45 Isoetaceae 45 Equisetaceae 46 Botrychiaceae 47 Ophioglossaceae 48 Osmundaceae 49 Polypodiaceae 49 Sinopteridaceae 50 Cryptogrammaceae 53 Pteridaceae 54 Adiantaceae 55 Hemionitidaceae 55 Marsileaceae 56 Hymenophyllaceae 56 Hypolepidaceae 57 Aspleniaceae 58 Athyriaceae 64 Aspidiaceae 67 Davalliaceae 72 Blechnaceae 72 GIMNOSPERMAS 77 Pinaceae 79 Cupressaceae 82 Taxaceae 87 Ephedraceae 87 ANGIOSPERMAS 93 Araceae 111 Lemnaceae 118 Alismataceae 119 Potamogetonaceae 120 Ruppiaceae 123 Najadaceae 124 Zannichelliaceae 124 Posidoniaceae 127 Cymodoceaceae 127 Zosteraceae 127 Dioscoreaceae 128 Liliaceae 129 Colchicaceae 134 Smilacaceae 138 Ruscaceae 139 Asparagaceae 140 Agavaceae 143 Asphodelaceae 144 Aphyllanthaceae 150 Hyacinthaceae 151 Alliaceae 162 Amaryllidaceae 169 Iridaceae 182 Orchidaceae 193 Arecaceae 227 Sparganiaceae 228 Typhaceae 229 Juncaceae 230 Cyperaceae 237 Poaceae 261 Aristolochiaceae 399 Cytinaceae 401 Cynomoriaceae 402 Lauraceae 404 Ceratophyllaceae 404 ÍNDICES 407 ÍNDICE DE NOMBRES VERNÁCULOS 409 ÍNDICE DE NOMBRES CIENTÍFICOS 415 Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental PRESENTACIÓN No es fácil encontrar en Europa un territorio con la superficie y población de Andalucía (87.597 km2 y más de 8 millones de habitantes), con un medio rural tan extenso, poblado y a la vez bien conservado, que cuente con tantas distinciones am- bientales, probablemente todas las posibles en los ámbitos regional, nacional, europeo y mundial, en reconocimiento tanto de los recursos y valores naturales que alberga como del modelo de desarrollo que sobre ellos se asienta. Si en Andalucía destacan sus sobresalientes recursos y valores geológicos y faunísticos, es su excepcional inventario de Flora Vascular, constituido por más 4.000 táxones, el que hace de esta región uno de los territorios ambientalmente más valiosos de Europa. Un valor natural que se acrecienta al evaluar su número de especies endémicas, sin duda el mejor índice de calidad florística de un territorio, pues Andalucía con más de 500 endemismos estrictamente andaluces y más de 450 endemismos ibéricos e ibero–mauritanos, se trasforma en un verdadero tesoro natural. Nuestros endemismos, las “joyas botánicas” de Andalucía, se encuentran repartidos por toda la geografía regional, pero son particularmente abundantes en nuestra gran montaña mediterránea, Sierra Nevada, y en la corona de sistemas montañosos que la rodean: Cazorla y Segura, Mágina, María, Baza, Gádor, Arana, Huétor, Tejeda, Almijara y Ronda, así como en los terri- torios semiáridos y litorales que en torno a ellas se sitúan. Todos ellos localizados en las cuatro provincias orientales. Pero el gran valor añadido de los paisajes vegetales del ámbito oriental de Andalucía no sólo se liga a la conservación de sus excepcionales fitorecursos autóctonos, sino al progresivo desarrollo de actividades económicas sostenibles a ellos asociadas, entre las que sobresale el turismo de naturaleza. Una nueva modalidad turística en auge, con más de 137.000 visitantes recibidos en 2008 en las diez instalaciones de la Red Andaluza de Jardines Botánicos en Espacios Naturales. Atendiendo a estos intereses, conservación y desarrollo sostenible, la Consejería de Medio Ambiente impulsó en 2003, mediante un convenio de colaboración con la Universidad de Granada, en calidad de coordinadora de los equipos de investi- gadores de las Universidades de Almería, Granada, Jaén y Málaga, un proyecto de actualización de los conocimientos florísticos mediante la elaboración del Inventario y cartografía de la flora vascular de Andalucía Oriental. Tras seis años de intenso trabajo, el inventario ha culminado. Toda la información que aporta se integra ya en el Subsistema Andaluz de Información de la Biodiversidad dependiente de nuestra Red de Información Ambiental (REDIAM) y se edita esta Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental. Una obra destinada a dar a conocer la excepcional riqueza florística de una de las áreas con mayor diversidad de Andalucía, España y Europa. El espléndido esfuerzo colectivo de los más de 75 investigadores que han participado en su elaboración ve la luz en 2009, un año que está resultando ambientalmente espléndido por su bonanza pluviométrica y térmica, originando un auténtico superávit vegetal en nuestros paisajes, que ha transformado a Andalucía, durante la pasada primavera, en el mejor de los jardines soñados. Un año, 2009, cargado además de efemérides –“20º Aniversario de la Ley de Inventario de Espacios Naturales de Anda- lucía y del Plan Forestal Andaluz, 40º Aniversario de la declaración del Parque Nacional de Doñana, y 10º Aniversario de la declaración del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada”–, que nos permite recordar y renovar la apuesta formulada por el Gobierno Andaluz, respecto de la conservación de nuestros recursos naturales y el desarrollo sostenible a ellos ligados, para lograr que nuestra tierra continúe siendo un territorio con procesos activos de especiación vegetal, en el que se cumplen los objetivos de los programas Cuenta Atrás 2010 de UICN y Objetivos del Milenio de Naciones Unidas. 9 Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental El año en el que la Consejería de Medio Ambiente tendrá la oportunidad de presentar, en el inmejorable marco del IV Congreso de Biología de la Conservación de Plantas, organizado por la Sociedad Española de Biología de la Conservación de Plantas y la Universidad de Almería, durante el próximo mes de Septiembre, no sólo los
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