DOCSLIB.ORG

The Lateran Pacts and the Debates in the Italian Constituent Assembly with Reference to Religious Freedom, and the Consequences for Religious Minorities (1946-1948)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Lateran Pacts and the Debates in the Italian Constituent Assembly with Reference to Religious Freedom, and the Consequences for Religious Minorities (1946-1948) _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses The Lateran Pacts and the debates in the Italian Constituent Assembly with reference to religious freedom, and the consequences for religious minorities (1946-1948). Thomas, Huw Martin How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Thomas, Huw Martin (2005) The Lateran Pacts and the debates in the Italian Constituent Assembly with reference to religious freedom, and the consequences for religious minorities (1946-1948).. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43092 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ The Lateran Pacts and the debates in the Italian Constituent Assembly with reference to religious freedom, and the consequences for religious minorities (1946-1948) Huw Martin Thomas Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Wales Swansea 2005 ProQuest Number: 10821484 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10821484 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 l ib r a r y Summary The thesis is a detailed study of the debates of the Italian Constituent Assembly on the question of the inclusion of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 and the constitutional and practical ramifications with regard to the condition of the religious minorities. Section A briefly outlines the changes in the role of the papacy from the mid 19th century until the end of World War II, the emergence of political Catholicism and the significance of the Lateran Pacts. Religious freedom for Protestants over the same period is then discussed, focussing in particular on their legal position. This is followed by an analysis of Catholic religious freedom as established by the Catholic Church and of the relationship between the Vatican and the Christian Democrats. In Section B the debates on the articles dealing with the inclusion of the Lateran Pacts and religious freedom for the minority religions are discussed. Draft article 5 of the Constitution is the basis for the analysis, the individual clauses of which have been treated separately. Methodologically, this was the most appropriate way of tackling the extremely complex issues linked to the various clauses. In Section C, the most significant conclusions to emerge are the determination with which the Catholic deputies fought for the inclusion of the Pacts, frequently using religious arguments while ignoring juridical advice, and the Communist leadership’s decision to vote with the Christian Democrats for inclusion of the Pacts. For the minority religions, the crucial factor in their continued oppression after the war, apart from the Communist’s decision, was the lack of will in the Assembly to draw up clear guidelines that would allow for changes in the Fascist legislature that controlled the actions of the minority religions, thus ensuring that their struggle for religious freedom would continue. 2 Declaration and Statements DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed .............................................................................(candidate) Date ................................................................................ STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed .............................................................................(candidate) Date ................................................................................ STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed .............................................................................(candidate) Date ................................................................................ 3 CONTENTS 2 Summary 3 Declaration and Statements 4 Contents 7 Acknowledgements 8 Introduction 10 SECTION A: ISSUES PRIOR TO THE DEBATES 10 A l) The Papacy in a changing world 10 (0 The Roman Question 11 (>i) The centralisation of Papal authority 12 (iii) Catholic Action 13 (iv) The emergence of political Catholicism 15 (v) The Partito Popolare 17 (vi) The Lateran Pacts 25 (vii) After Fascism 28 A2) Religious freedom for Protestants 28 (i) The legal position of protestant denominations prior to Fascism 29 a) The Albertine Statute 31 b) The ‘Law of Guarantees ’ 32 c) The 1889 Public Security Law 33 (ii) Protestants and the Fascist regime 33 a) The ‘culti ammessi ’ laws 37 (iii) Repression of the Protestants 38 a) The Regime's directives 47 b) The manoeuvring of the Catholic organisations 51 c) The actions of the Protestant minorities 56 A3) Religious freedom for Catholics 56 (0 The Vatican on ‘religious freedom’ 58 (ii) The Catholic Church as an ‘ordinamento originario’ 60 (iii) The role of concordats 64 (iv) Catholic social and political ideologies: their roots in papal encyclicals 64 a) Integralismo 65 b) Laicita and laicismo 67 c) Personalismo 69 (v) Anticlericalism and antichristianism 74 (vi) Montini, the dossettiani and De Gasperi 78 (vii) An uncomfortable coalition: the Vatican and the Dc in the new 78 a) The vision of the ecclesiastical hierarchy 83 b) The vision of the political hierarchy 92 c) The vision of Catholic Action 98 SECTION B: THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEBATES ON DRAFT ARTICLE 5 98 (i) How the Constituent Assembly was set up 103 (ii) Some preliminary observations 107 (iii) A Christian Democrat agenda 4 109 Bl) Draft article 5, clause 1 109 (i) The Church as an ‘ordinamento originario’ 119 (ii) Sovereignty of Church and State 124 (iii) Privilege of the Vatican in Italy 125 (iv) Delineating the legislative powers of Church and State 130 (v) Separation of the powers of Church and State 131 (vi) ‘Laicismo’, Taicita’ and the ‘stato laico’ 133 (vii) Defining Church State relations 135 (viii) Is clause 1 constitutionally sound? 137 B2) Draft article 5, clauses 2 and 3 137 a) The Constitution and the Lateran Pacts: 137 (i) The origins of the debate 139 (ii) The evolution of article 5, clauses 2 and 3. 142 b) Political considerations 142 (i) The legacy of the Albertine Statute: a confessional state? 152 (ii) Italy's Catholic majority 157 (iii) Sovereignty 159 (iv) The diarchy theory 162 (v) Church and Dc pressure on the Assembly 171 (vi) Public interest in the Pacts 172 (vii) The ‘termini concordatari’ issue 175 (viii) Fascist origins 180 c) Religious considerations 181 (i) The ‘pace religiosa’ and ‘coscienza degli italiani’ issues 197 (ii) Church interference in State affairs 198 (iii) Catholic liberty 201 a) A view from the Catholic left 205 b) The mainstream Catholic view 208 d) Legal considerations 208 (i) Problems with the Treaty and Concordat 219 (ii) Overlap of ecclesiastical and state legislature 223 (iii) Amendments to the Pacts 235 (iv) Constitutionalisation of the Pacts 243 B3) Draft article 5, clauses 4 and 5 243 (i) Religious freedom as a liberty 251 (ii) Equal for rights for all religions 258 (iii) The confessional State and the minorities 260 (iv) The position of the Catholic Church inrelation to the other churches 261 (v) Problems faced by the minority churches: 261 a) The education issue 262 b) Institutional paranoia 264 c) Interference by the Catholic Church 265 d) Interference by the State 267 (vi) Draft article 14 and the difficulty of the ‘buon costume’ and ‘ordine pubblico’ issues 269 (vii) The Protestants and the Constituent Assembly 277 (viii) The ‘other’ minority churches 5 282 SECTION C CONCLUSIONS: THE AFTERMATH OF THE CONSTITUTION 282 (i) A new democracy? 285 (ii) An effective Constitution? 286 (iii) The response of the confessions 286 a) The Catholic Church 288 b) The Protestant churches 292 (iv) The problem of unifying the legal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pius XII on Trial
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Pius XII on Trial Katherine M. Campbell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Katherine M., "Pius XII on Trial" (2014). Honors College. 159. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/159 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PIUS XII ON TRIAL by Katherine M. Campbell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology and Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Henry Munson, Professor of Anthropology Alexander Grab, Professor of History Mark D. Brewer, Associate Professor of Political Science Richard J. Powell, Associate Professor of Political Science, Leadership Studies Sol Goldman, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Copyright 2014 Katherine M. Campbell Abstract: Scholars have debated Pope Pius XII’s role in the Holocaust since the 1960s. Did he do everything he could and should have done to save Jews? His critics say no because of antisemitism rooted in the traditional Catholic views. His defenders say yes and deny that he was an antisemite. In my thesis, I shall assess the arguments on both sides in terms of the available evidence. I shall focus both on what Pius XII did do and what he did not do and on the degree to which he can be held responsible for the actions of low-level clergy.
    [Show full text]
  • Fascicolo De Nicola
    Ufficio comunicazione istituzionale 1 1 0 2 e l Italiani i r chehannofattol’Italia: p a - 0 1 . EnricoDeNicola n , a i r e r b i L n i i r t n o c n i A cura dell’Ufficio comunicazione istituzionale del Senato della Repubblica. © 2011 Senato della Repubblica Finito di stampare nel mese di aprile 2011 presso il Centro riproduzione documenti. La presente pubblicazione è edita dal Senato della Repubblica. Non è destinata alla vendita ed è utilizzata solo per scopi di comunicazione istituzionale. Incontri in Libreria 2011 3 Italianichehannofattol’Italia Nell'ambito delle manifestazioni per i 150 anni dell'unità d'Italia l’Ufficio comunicazione istituzio - nale del Senato organizza presso la Libreria in via della Maddalena 27 un programma di incontri dal titolo “Italiani che hanno fatto l'Italia". L'iniziativa ha l'obiettivo di far conoscere alle nuove generazioni importanti personalità del nostro Paese protagoniste dei lavori dell'Aula di Palazzo Madama. Le personalità a cui sono dedicati gli incontri sono state scelte tra quelle che hanno ricoperto il ruolo di senatori a vita o di Presidenti del Senato e fanno riferimento oltre che al mondo della politica, anche a quelli della cultura, dello spettacolo e delle attività produttive. Agli incontri partecipano le scuole secondarie di II grado che visitano il Senato. L’appuntamento del mese di aprile 2011, a 60 anni dall’elezione alla Presidenza del Senato della Repubblica, è dedicato a Enrico De Nicola. Per ricordarne la figura questa pubblicazione contiene il messaggio del Capo provvisorio dello 4 Incontri in Libreria 2011 Stato letto durante i lavori dell’Assemblea costituen - te (15 luglio 1946), il discorso di insediamento a Pre - sidente del Senato del 5 maggio 1951 e un interven - to durante i lavori dell’Assemblea di Palazzo Mada - ma sul disegno di legge Provvedimenti a favore della città di Napoli (3 marzo 1953).
    [Show full text]
  • Mystici Corporis Christi
    MYSTICI CORPORIS CHRISTI ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XII ON THE MISTICAL BODY OF CHRIST TO OUR VENERABLE BRETHREN, PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCHBISHOPS, BISHIOPS, AND OTHER LOCAL ORDINARIES ENJOYING PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE June 29, 1943 Venerable Brethren, Health and Apostolic Benediction. The doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ, which is the Church,[1] was first taught us by the Redeemer Himself. Illustrating as it does the great and inestimable privilege of our intimate union with so exalted a Head, this doctrine by its sublime dignity invites all those who are drawn by the Holy Spirit to study it, and gives them, in the truths of which it proposes to the mind, a strong incentive to the performance of such good works as are conformable to its teaching. For this reason, We deem it fitting to speak to you on this subject through this Encyclical Letter, developing and explaining above all, those points which concern the Church Militant. To this We are urged not only by the surpassing grandeur of the subject but also by the circumstances of the present time. 2. For We intend to speak of the riches stored up in this Church which Christ purchased with His own Blood, [2] and whose members glory in a thorn-crowned Head. The fact that they thus glory is a striking proof that the greatest joy and exaltation are born only of suffering, and hence that we should rejoice if we partake of the sufferings of Christ, that when His glory shall be revealed we may also be glad with exceeding joy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mediation of the Church in Some Pontifical Documents Francis X
    THE MEDIATION OF THE CHURCH IN SOME PONTIFICAL DOCUMENTS FRANCIS X. LAWLOR, SJ. Weston College N His recent encyclical letter, Hurnani generis, of Aug. 12, 1950, the I Holy Father reproves those who "reduce to a meaningless formula the necessity of belonging to the true Church in order to achieve eternal salvation."1 In the light of the Pope's insistence in the same encyclical letter on the ordinary, day-by-day teaching office of the Roman Pontiffs, it will be useful to select from the infra-infallible but authentic teaching of the Popes some of the abundant material touching the question of the mediatorial function of the Church in the order of salvation. The Popes, to be sure, do not speak and write after the manner of theo­ logians but as pastors of souls, and it is doubtless not always easy to transpose to a theological level what is contained in a pastoral docu­ ment and expressed in a pastoral method of approach. Yet the authentic teaching of the Popes is both a guide to, and a source of, theological thinking. The documents cited are of varying solemnity and doctrinal importance; an encyclical letter is clearly of greater magisterial value than, let us say, an occasional epistle to some prelate. It is not possible here to situate each citation in its documentary context; but the force and point of a quotation, removed from its documentary perspective, is perhaps as often lessened as augmented. Those who wish may read them in their context, if they desire a more careful appraisal of evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Myron Charles Taylor Papers
    Myron Charles Taylor Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Prepared by Anita L. Nolen Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2012 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2012 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms012159 Collection Summary Title: Myron Charles Taylor Papers Span Dates: 1928-1953 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1940-1950) ID No.: MSS42390 Creator: Taylor, Myron Charles, 1874-1959 Extent: 1250 items ; 8 containers ; 2.8 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: Industrialist, diplomat, and lawyer. Correspondence, reports, and other papers documenting Taylor's activities as the president's personal representative to Pope Pius XII. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Cicognani, Amleto Giovanni, 1883-1973. Dibelius, Otto, 1880-1967. John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963. Maglione, Luigi, 1877-1944. Oxnam, G. Bromley (Garfield Bromley), 1891-1963. Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978. Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958. Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945. Tardini, Domenico, 1888-1961. Taylor, Myron Charles, 1874-1959. Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972. Organizations Catholic Church--Foreign relations--United States. Subjects Diplomatic and consular service, American--Vatican City. Places United States--Foreign relations--Catholic Church. Vatican City--History. Occupations Diplomats. Industrialists. Lawyers.
    [Show full text]
  • Statuto E Attività 1962-2012
    ISTITUTO PER LA DOCUMENTAZIONE E GLI STUDI LEGISLATIVI Sotto l’Alto Patronato del Presidente della Repubblica STATUTO E ATTIVITÀ 1962-2012 JOVENE EDITORE NAPOLI 2012 ISLE Via del Plebiscito 102 - 00186 ROMA Tel. 06 679 5142 - Fax 06 679 3449 [email protected] DIRITTI D’AUTORE RISERVATI © Copyright 2012 ISBN 978-88-243-2109-9 JOVENE EDITORE Via Mezzocannone 109 - 80134 NAPOLI NA - ITALIA Tel. (+39) 081 552 10 19 - Fax (+39) 081 552 06 87 web site: www.jovene.it e-mail: [email protected] Printed in Italy Stampato in Italia ISTITUTO PER LA DOCUMENTAZIONE E GLI STUDI LEGISLATIVI Sotto l’Alto Patronato del Presidente della Repubblica UFFICIO DI PRESIDENZA Presidente Onorario Antonio Maccanico Presidente Giovanni Pieraccini Vicepresidenti In rappresentanza In rappresentanza dei Soci ordinari: dei Soci collettivi: Augusto Barbera Giuseppe Mazzei Francesco D’Onofrio Segretario Generale Silvio Traversa Consiglio Direttivo Augusto Barbera A.B.I. Francesco D’Onofrio Domenico Siniscalco ASSOGESTIONI Gaetano Gifuni Alessandro Rossi Casa Editrice Dott. Eugenio Jovene s.r.l. Giuseppe Guarino Giuseppe Mazzei Il Chiostro Vincenzo Lippolis ENEL Antonio Maccanico GRUPPO FERROVIE DELLO STATO Donato Marra Giovanni Ialongo Massimo Sarmi Giovanni Pieraccini POSTE ITALIANE S.P.A. Massimo Scioscioli Gaetano Blandini Paolo Agoglia Elisabetta Serafin SIAE Franco Bernabé Silvio Traversa TELECOM ITALIA Ugo Zampetti UNICREDIT Tesoriere Massimo Scioscioli Revisori dei Conti Gaetano De Vito - Sebastiano Piana - Francesco Sposato INDICE GIOVANNI PIERACCINI, Presentazione.................................................................. p. 7 SILVIO TRAVERSA, Introduzione........................................................................... » 11 ANTONIO MACCANICO, La nascita dell’ISLE ...................................................... » 15 ANTIGONO DONATI, I primi quindici anni dell’ISLE......................................... » 19 GIULIANO AMATO, La Scuola di Scienza e Tecnica della Legislazione..............
    [Show full text]
  • PRECONCILIAR VOTA and THEIR BACKGROUND 1. The
    CHAPTER ONE PRECONCILIAR VOTA AND THEIR BACKGROUND 1. Th e Antepreparatory Vota Post recitationem epistulae ex parte Commissionis Antepraeparatoriae Concilii receptae, E. Decanus instanter petit ut singuli professores suas de rebus in Concilio propositiones notam faciant.1 Th ese words are to be found in the report of the Faculty Council meeting of Leuven’s Faculty of Th eology and Canon Law dated October 9, 1959. While it may appear to have little signifi cance, it serves nevertheless as an interesting point of departure for our study of the preparatory phases of Vatican II. A closer examination of the notes taken on the occasion by dean Joseph Coppens2 reveals that a circular letter from Cardinal Domenico Tardini3 had apparently been addressed to the rectors of the Catholic universities. Leuven’s rector van Waeyenbergh4 did little more than pass the letter—which invited the theological faculties of the Roman Catholic universities to make their wishes known to the Antepre- paratory Conciliar Commission5—on to the dean of the Th eology 1 CSVII ASFT, 1957–62, p. 44. 2 Joseph Coppens (1896–1981), priest of the diocese of Ghent, professor of Biblical Exegesis at the Leuven Th eological Faculty and dean of the Faculty. See Gustave ils,Th et al., ‘In Memoriam Monseigneur J. Coppens, 1896–1981,’ ETL 57 (1981), 227–340. 3 Domenico Tardini (1888–1961), Italian cardinal, appointed Vatican Secretary of State in 1958, and thus responsible for Extroardinary Ecclesiastical Aff airs. Tardini sent the circular letter as president of the Antepreparatory Commission. See Vincenzo Carbone, ‘Il cardinale Tardini e la preparazione del Concilio Vaticano II,’ RSCI 45 (1991), 42–88.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem
    The Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem Priory of St. James, Toronto, Canada. Newsletter December 2010 Prior: H.E. the Rev'd Dame Nola Crewe, GOTJ And Greetings to the Dames, Knights, Postulants and Friends of the St James Priory: We present for your edification and entertainment, our December Newsletter. nnDnn Nola, Alastair, William & Harold Your Scribes Auld Lang Syne By Alastair McIntyre As this song is always sung to see in the New Year wherever you are in the world I thought I'd give you some background on it so you'll be knowledgeable for your friends when you bring in the New Year... Burns' name is not affixed to this world-famous song, and yet there can be no doubt it is chiefly his own. He admitted to Johnson that the two verses beginning respectively, "We tae hae ran about the braes," and "We twa hae paidl'd in the burn," are his own, although in sending the song to Mrs. Dunlop in December, 1788, and also is writing about it to Thomson, in September, 1793, he speaks of it as ancient. "Light be the turf," he says, "on the breast of the heaven-inspired poet who composed this glorious fragment! There is more of the fire of native genius in it than half-a-dozen of modern English Bacchanalians." "Apropos, is not the Scotch phrase Auld Lang Syne exceedingly expressive? This old song and tune has often thrilled through my soul." To Thomson he writes thus:- "The air is but mediocre; but the song of itself - the song of the olden times, and which has never been in print, nor even in manuscript, until I took it down from an old man's singing - is enough to recommend any air." This is certainly the most famous song to come from the pen of Robert Burns, the inspiration coming from an old Scots ballad.
    [Show full text]
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • Storia Contemporanea 1922-1943 LO STATO FASCISTA 25 Luglio 1943
    Dipartimento di Scienze umane e sociali CORSO DI LAUREA IN SCIENZE DELL’EDUCAZIONE a.a. 2018-2019 Storia contemporanea 1922-1943 LO STATO FASCISTA 25 luglio 1943 • Il re revoca dell’incarico di governo a Mussolini • arresto e confino Cronologia: IL REGIME FASCISTA / 1 LA FASE STATUTARIA 1922, ottobre: dopo la intrapresa, ma non completata ‘marcia su Roma’, Mussolini ottiene dal re l’incarico a formare il governo › governo Mussolini I, con pieni poteri su bilancio e amministrazione 1923: legge elettorale ‘Acerbo’ con premio di maggioranza alla lista che ottenga almeno il 25% dei voti 1924: elezioni, denuncia di Matteotti, assassinio di Matteotti / riconferma di Mussolini al governo LA COSTRUZIONE DELLA MONARCHIA FASCISTA 1925, gennaio: Mussolini chiude affare Matteotti e procede al introdurre ordinamenti dittatoriali 1925-1926 LEGGI FASCISTISSIME 1928 Nuova legge elettorale plebiscitaria: Lista unica 1929 Trasformazione del Gran Consiglio del Fascismo in organo costituzionale Patti Lateranensi 1936 Proclamazione dell’Impero, dopo la conquista dell’Etiopia Cronologia: IL REGIME FASCISTA / 2 FASE INVOLUTIVA E CRISI 1937 Mussolini si proclama ‘duce del fascismo’ 1938-39 LEGGI RAZZIALI 1939 Abolizione della Camera dei Deputati, sostituita da una Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni non elettiva 1940, 10 giugno: l’Italia entra in GUERRA 1943, 9 luglio: sbarco in Sicilia degli angloamericani › inizia l’occupazione 1943, 25 luglio: il Gran Consiglio del Fascismo propone al re la destituzione di Mussolini; il re revoca l’incarico a Mussolini,
    [Show full text]
  • REGIONE EMILIA-ROMAGNA Atti Amministrativi GIUNTA REGIONALE Delibera Num
    REGIONE EMILIA-ROMAGNA Atti amministrativi GIUNTA REGIONALE Delibera Num. 334 del 11/03/2019 Seduta Num. 10 Questo lunedì 11 del mese di marzo dell' anno 2019 si è riunita nella residenza di via Aldo Moro, 52 BOLOGNA la Giunta regionale con l'intervento dei Signori: 1) Bonaccini Stefano Presidente 2) Gualmini Elisabetta Vicepresidente 3) Caselli Simona Assessore 4) Costi Palma Assessore 5) Gazzolo Paola Assessore 6) Mezzetti Massimo Assessore 7) Petitti Emma Assessore 8) Venturi Sergio Assessore Funge da Segretario l'Assessore: Costi Palma Proposta: GPG/2019/336 del 26/02/2019 Struttura proponente: SERVIZIO SVILUPPO DEGLI STRUMENTI FINANZIARI, REGOLAZIONE E ACCREDITAMENTI DIREZIONE GENERALE ECONOMIA DELLA CONOSCENZA, DEL LAVORO E DELL'IMPRESA Assessorato proponente: ASSESSORE A COORDINAMENTO DELLE POLITICHE EUROPEE ALLO SVILUPPO, SCUOLA, FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE, UNIVERSITÀ, RICERCA E LAVORO Oggetto: AGGIORNAMENTO ELENCO DEGLI ORGANISMI ACCREDITATI DI CUI ALLA DELIBERA DI GIUNTA REGIONALE N. 1837 DEL 5 NOVEMBRE 2018 E DELL'ELENCO DEGLI ORGANISMI ACCREDITATI PER L'OBBLIGO D'ISTRUZIONE AI SENSI DELLA DELIBERA DI GIUNTA REGIONALE N. 2046/2010 E PER L'AMBITO DELLO SPETTACOLO Iter di approvazione previsto: Delibera ordinaria Responsabile del procedimento: Marco Borioni pagina 1 di 59 Testo dell'atto LA GIUNTA DELLA REGIONE EMILIA-ROMAGNA Visti: - la legge regionale 30 giugno 2003 n. 12 “Norme per l’uguaglianza delle opportunità di accesso al sapere, per ognuno e per tutto l’arco della vita, attraverso il rafforzamento dell’istruzione e della formazione professionale anche in integrazione tra loro”, e ss.mm.ii. ed in particolare l’articolo 33; - il Decreto n. 166 del Ministero del Lavoro e della Previdenza sociale 25 maggio 2001 in materia di accreditamento delle sedi operative; Viste le Deliberazioni dell’Assemblea Legislativa: - n.
    [Show full text]
  • Archivio Storico Della Presidenza Della Repubblica
    ARCHIVIO STORICO DELLA PRESIDENZA DELLA REPUBBLICA Ufficio per la stampa e l’informazione Archivio fotografico del Presidente della Repubblica Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992-1999) settembre 2006 2 Il lavoro è a cura di Manuela Cacioli. 3 busta evento data PROVINI 1 Roma. Deposizione di corona d’alloro all’Altare della Patria e 1992 mag. 27-ago. 7 incontro col sindaco Franco Carraro a Piazza Venezia, \27.5.92. Presentazione dei capi missione accreditati e delle loro consorti e Festa nazionale della Repubblica, \7.6.92. “La Famiglia Legnanese” per il 40° anniversario di fondazione, \2.7.92. Redazione della rivista “Nuova Ecologia”, \13.7.92 (n.4). Avv. Paolo Del Bufalo e gruppo di giovani romani, \20.7.92. Confederazione italiana fra Associazioni combattentistiche italiane, \28.7.92. Gen. Roberto Occorsio e amm. Luciano Monego in visita di congedo, \28.7.92. Yahya Mahmassani, nuovo ambasciatore del Libano, e Patrick Stanislaus Fairweather, nuovo ambasciatore di Gran Bretagna: presentazione lettere credenziali, \29.7.92. Alì Akbar Velayati, ministro degli esteri dell’Iran, \29.7.92. Madre Teresa di Calcutta, \31.7.92. On. Giuseppe Vedovato, Associazione ex parlamentari della Repubblica, \31.7.92. Avv. Carlo D’Amelio, Associazione nazionale avvocati pensionati, \31.7.92. Giuramento dell’on. Emilio Colombo, ministro degli esteri del governo Amato, \1.8.92. On. prof. Salvatore Andò, ministro della difesa, il capo di Stato maggiore dell’aeronautica e componenti della pattuglia acrobatica nazionale, \5.8.92. Il piccolo Farouk Kassam e i genitori, \7.8.92. 2 On. Carlo Casini con i vincitori del concorso nazionale “La famiglia: 1992 giu.
    [Show full text]