Chronology January 1 - December 31, 2003
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European Court of Human Rights Leyla Sahin Decision
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER THE LIGHT OF LEYLA SAHIN DECISION Attorney Fatma Benli Translated by Bengül Altaş, Maryam Al Zoubi, Hüseyin Erkaya, Dilek Gölet, Ayşe Maden, Jonathan Sugden, Melek Hilal Yazıcı 2010 İSTANBUL I With my endless thanks to my family who are always supporting me limitlessly. Fatma Benli Preface Though during the 80s it is a time-to time recurring food of controversy; “headscarf in the Turkish Universities”, become a material problem after the February 28 Post- Modern coup d’Etat. First the sentence of “Behaviors about the apparel which are emerged against law, push the Turkey into an outdated image; shall be banned; the law and Constitutional Court Decisions about this subject shall be applied without any exception especially on the public instutions and associations.” had been added to the well-known MGK (National Security Council) decisions. Approximately a year later, The Constitutional Court had cited the Party’s defence for freedom of headscarf in Universities as a reason of their decision of the ban of Refah Party. (Welfare Party) After the Ban decision, while wearing headscarf was completely free, a retired military officer who had a duty at the MGK, had given briefings on “how the headscarf would be banned”, to firstly university rectors, then to Judges. After then, Committee of Rectors, had published a declaration with the title of “The regulations governing the apparel at the Higher Education Institutions and Legal Comments” –which is probably had been prepared during those briefings-. After that declaration of Committee of rectors, “the rectors that are taken the briefing” had understood that the headscarf is banned at the universities and they applied the headscarf ban at this direction. -
AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ Abdullah
AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ Abdullah KÜTÜK DEMOKRATİK HUKUK DEVLETİ ve HÜKÜMET SİSTEMLERİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TÜRK ANAYASAL TARİHİNDE CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI Kamu Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Antalya, 2012 AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ Abdullah KÜTÜK DEMOKRATİK HUKUK DEVLETİ ve HÜKÜMET SİSTEMLERİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TÜRK ANAYASAL TARİHİNDE CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI Danışman Yrd. Doç. Dr. İbrahim Uğur ESGÜN Kamu Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Antalya, 2012 Akdeniz Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitiisii MiidiiLrltiliine, Abdullah KUTOK'ffn bu gahgmasr jtirimiz tarafindan Kamu Huhrku Ana Bilim Dah Yiiksek Lisans Programt tezi olarak kabul edilmigtir. Baekan()q4rprc^tl) i ttq* tu6[]N hJ.a"q.o.. Yy-- Ar"rJ ro&U Uye(Brnlqneer) ' VrJ'O'c'&-' 1J"'li',l- YTLNAL uy" ' wJ.Drc,.bf ' ?kit.^.ef 9\{"-'{"'"; rezBaelrg: be,^-Vr-h\- "Xrir* bQ,hh vq T-rsr'vrdz C'^t'*$"!'"$ P<rs5ekh(.'oAen f:-fu' A^^"Y/>^t Onay : Yukandaki imzalann, adr gegen 6$etim iiyelerine ait oldulunu onaylanm. Tez Savunma Tarlrri Ut.tOAtzotz MezuniyetTarihi :l*6.tZOtZ Prof.Dr. Mehmet $EN Miidiir İ Ç İ N D E K İ L E R K I S A L T M A L A R L İ S T E S İ .................................................................................. iv Ö Z E T ..................................................................................................................................... vi S U M M A R Y ....................................................................................................................... vii G İ R İ Ş .................................................................................................................................... -
Growth, Poverty Reduction, and Inequality
32691 At the Frontlines of Public Disclosure Authorized Development Reflections from the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EDITED BY INDERMIT S. GILL & TODD PUGATCH Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK At the Frontlines of Development Reflections from the World Bank At the Frontlines of Development Reflections from the World Bank Edited by Indermit S. Gill and Todd Pugatch Washington, D.C. © 2005 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington,DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org E-mail [email protected] All rights reserved. 123408070605 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Exec- utive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other informa- tion shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law.The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. -
Who's Who in Politics in Turkey
WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY Sarıdemir Mah. Ragıp Gümüşpala Cad. No: 10 34134 Eminönü/İstanbul Tel: (0212) 522 02 02 - Faks: (0212) 513 54 00 www.tarihvakfi.org.tr - [email protected] © Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, 2019 WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY PROJECT Project Coordinators İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Editors İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Authors Süreyya Algül, Aslı Aydemir, Gökhan Demir, Ali Yalçın Göymen, Erhan Keleşoğlu, Canan Özbey, Baran Alp Uncu Translation Bilge Güler Proofreading in English Mark David Wyers Book Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Cover Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Printing Yıkılmazlar Basın Yayın Prom. ve Kağıt San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Evren Mahallesi, Gülbahar Cd. 62/C, 34212 Bağcılar/İstanbull Tel: (0212) 630 64 73 Registered Publisher: 12102 Registered Printer: 11965 First Edition: İstanbul, 2019 ISBN Who’s Who in Politics in Turkey Project has been carried out with the coordination by the History Foundation and the contribution of Heinrich Böll Foundation Turkey Representation. WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY —EDITORS İSMET AKÇA - BARIŞ ALP ÖZDEN AUTHORS SÜREYYA ALGÜL - ASLI AYDEMİR - GÖKHAN DEMİR ALİ YALÇIN GÖYMEN - ERHAN KELEŞOĞLU CANAN ÖZBEY - BARAN ALP UNCU TARİH VAKFI YAYINLARI Table of Contents i Foreword 1 Abdi İpekçi 3 Abdülkadir Aksu 6 Abdullah Çatlı 8 Abdullah Gül 11 Abdullah Öcalan 14 Abdüllatif Şener 16 Adnan Menderes 19 Ahmet Altan 21 Ahmet Davutoğlu 24 Ahmet Necdet Sezer 26 Ahmet Şık 28 Ahmet Taner Kışlalı 30 Ahmet Türk 32 Akın Birdal 34 Alaattin Çakıcı 36 Ali Babacan 38 Alparslan Türkeş 41 Arzu Çerkezoğlu -
Turkey Page 1 of 8
Turkey Page 1 of 8 Turkey International Religious Freedom Report 2005 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice; however, the Government imposes some restrictions on Muslim and other religious groups and on Muslim religious expression in government offices and state-run institutions, including universities. There was some deterioration in respect for religious freedom during the reporting period. The Government's Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet) initiated a public campaign against Christian missionary activity in the country. High-level government officials made statements depicting missionaries as a threat. There was also an increase in anti-Christian media coverage. Threats and vandalism against Christians and church facilities increased. In addition, some Muslims, Christians, and Baha'is faced some restrictions and occasional harassment for alleged proselytizing or holding unauthorized meetings. The State continued to oppose "Islamic fundamentalism." Authorities continued their broad ban on wearing Muslim religious dress in government facilities, including universities, schools, and workplaces. The generally tolerant relationship among religions in society contributed to religious freedom in principle; however, a sharp debate continued over the country's definition of "secularism," the proper role of religion in society, and the potential influence of the country's small minority of Islamists. According to the general perception, Turkish identity is based on the Turkish language and the Islamic faith. Religious minorities say they are effectively blocked from careers in state institutions, a claim supported in a report by a government human rights body. Christians, Baha'is, and some Muslims faced societal suspicion and mistrust, and more radical Islamist elements continued to express anti-Semitic sentiments. -
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ (Tarihsel Perspektiften Olaylar, Kişiler, Kararlar) İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ
Prof. Dr. Dr. Öğr. Üyesi SERDAR GÜLENER CEM DURAN UZUN TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ (Tarihsel Perspektiften Olaylar, Kişiler, Kararlar) İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ ....................................................................................................................V İÇİNDEKİLER ...................................................................................................VII ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ........................................................................................XIII GİRİŞ .........................................................................................................................1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM KANUNLARIN ANAYASAYA UYGUNLUK DENETİMİ VE 1961 ANAYASASI ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ ARAYIŞLAR I. Siyasal İktidarın Sınırlandırılması Arayışları (Anayasacılık Hareketleri) ve Anayasaya Uygunluk Denetiminin Ortaya Çıkışı .....5 A. Siyasal İktidarın Sınırlandırılması Fikri ve 1787 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Anayasası .................................................................5 1. “Üstün Hukuk”a Bağlılık Fikrinin Tarihselliği ve Yargısal Denetimin İlk Örnekleri ..................................................7 2. Amerikan Modelinin Ortaya Çıkışı ve Anayasa Yargısının Birinci Dalgası ..............................................................12 3. Avrupa (Kelsen) Modelinin Ortaya Çıkışı ve Anayasa Yargısının İkinci Dalgası ...............................................................16 4. Sovyetler Birliğinin Dağılması ve Anayasa Yargısının Üçüncü Dalgası ................................................................................19 -
Constitutional Court of Turkey
Constitutional Court of Turkey Constitutional Court of Turkey www.constitutionalcourt.gov.tr 3 THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE First of all, I would like to extend my heartfelt greetings to all readers of this booklet and express my thanks for their genuine interest in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Turkey. This booklet pro- vides brief information on the general structure, the jurisdiction and proceedings as well as the physical properties of the Constitutional Court. The Turkish Constitutional Court, being one of the oldest constitu- tionality review organs established in Europe, has accumulated a sizeable amount of experience in its history of more than fifty years. You will find reflections of the development of constitutional justice in our country and the Court’s transformation process up to present in this booklet. Prof. Dr. Zühtü Arslan The basic function of the Constitutional Court of Turkey can be sum- President marized as safeguarding and promoting democracy, rule of law and the fundamental rights and freedoms. In performing this crucial function, the Court has learned a lot from its past experiences and continuously developed its jurisprudence to better address the needs of the time. I am more than happy to express that Turkish Constitutional Court has shown a significant progress to achieve a paradigm shift and adopted a “rights-based paradigm” in the recent years. Our Court strives to establish con- stitutional and individual justice through constitutionality review and individual application. Consequently, the Constitutional Court has become the bulwark of fundamental rights and freedoms to a considerable extent. This paradigm shift can be tracked down especially in our judgments concerning individual applications. -
CDL-AD(2004)024 Orig
Strasbourg, 29 June 2004 CDL-AD(2004)024 Orig. Engl. Opinion 296/2004 EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) OPINION ON THE DRAFT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS WITH REGARD TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF TURKEY On the basis of comments by Mr Péter PACZOLAY (Substitute Member, Hungary) CDL-AD(2004)024 - 2 - INTRODUCTION 1. By letter dated 2 April 2004, the President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey, Mr. Mustafa Bumin, invited the Venice Commission to assist the Court in the reform of the Court as envisaged by a draft constitutional amendment (CDL(2004)033) drafted by the Court and submitted to Parliament. 2. In the same letter, Mr Bumin invited the Commission to participate in the Symposium on the occasion of the 42nd anniversary of the Constitutional Court (Ankara, 26-27 April 2004), which was devoted to the restructuring of the Court and the introduction of the individual appeal. The Commission asked Mr. Paczolay to present his comments on the draft at the Symposium. The reports presented there and the discussions – including replies to Mr. Paczolay's comments, which had been distributed to the participants – are taken into consideration in the present opinion. 3. This opinion has been adopted by the Venice Commission at its 59th Plenary Session in Venice on 17-18 June 2004. I. GENERAL 4. The proposed amendments would result in changes in two main areas. First, the organisation of the Court would be restructured. In that respect articles 104, 146 and 147 of the Constitution would be amended. Secondly, a new jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court would be established, the adjudication of constitutional complaint. -
Anayasa Yargisi 31
Anayasa Mahkemesi Yayınları: 65 ANAYASA YARGISI 31 Anayasa Mahkemesinin 52. Kuruluş Yıldönümü Etkinlikleri Kapsamında Düzenlenen “Asya Anayasa Mahkemeleri ve Muadili Kurumlar Birliği 2. Kongresi”nde Sunulan Bildiriler 28 Nisan 2014 Hilton Otel İstanbul Anayasa Mahkemesi Yayınları ISSN 1301 - 1200 ISBN 978-975-7427-85-8 Anayasa Yargısı - 31 © 2016, Anayasa Mahkemesi Anayasa Mahkemesinin yazılı izni olmaksızın, kitabın tümünün veya bir kısmının elektronik, mekanik ya da fotokopi yoluyla basımı, yayımı, çoğaltılması ve dağıtımı yapılamaz. Dergide yayımlanan yazılar, kaynak gösterilmeden başka bir yerde yayımlanamaz. Dergide yayımla- nan yazı ve tebliğlerde ileri sürülen görüşler yalnızca yazarlarına aittir; Anayasa Mahkemesini bağlamaz. Sempozyumda sunulan tebliğler üzerinde yayın ilkeleri doğrultusunda biçimsel düzeltmeler yapılabilir. İletişim ve İstem Adresi Anayasa Mahkemesi Başkanlığı Yayın ve Halkla İlişkiler Müdürlüğü Ahlatlıbel Mahallesi İncek Şehit Savcı Mehmet Selim Kiraz Bulvarı No: 4 06805 Çankaya/Ankara Telefon : (312) 463 73 00 Faks : (312) 463 74 00 www.anayasa.gov.tr Tasarım ve Baskı EPAMAT Basın Yayın Promosyon San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Tel: (0312) 394 48 63 Faks: (0312) 394 48 65 www.epamat.com.tr Basım Tarihi Kasım 2016 II İÇİNDEKİLER Kongre Programı ........................................................................................................................................................... VI Katılımcı Listesi ............................................................................................................................................................. -
Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari
Abdullahi Ahmed An-NaÀim Islam and the Secular State Negotiating the Future of ShariÀa HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2008 Copyright © 2008 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data NaÀim, ÀAbd Allah Ahmad, 1946– Islam and the secular state : negotiating the future of ShariÀa / Abdullahi Ahmed An-NaÀim. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-674-02776-3 (alk. paper) 1. Islam and secularism. 2. Islam and state. 3. Islamic law. 4. Religious pluralism—Islam. I. Title. BP190.5.S35N35 2005 297.2′72—dc22 2007034057 Contents Preface vii 1 Introduction: Why Muslims Need a Secular State 1 2 Islam, the State, and Politics in Historical Perspective 45 3 Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Citizenship 84 4 India: State Secularism and Communal Violence 140 5 Turkey: Contradictions of Authoritarian Secularism 182 6 Indonesia: Realities of Diversity and Prospects of Pluralism 223 7 Conclusion: Negotiating the Future of ShariÀa 267 References 295 Index 311 Preface This book is the culmination of my life’s work, the final statement I wish to make on issues I have been struggling with since I was a student at the Uni- versity of Khartoum, Sudan, in the late 1960s. I speak as a Muslim in this book because I am accountable for these ideas as part of my own religion and not simply as a hypothetical academic argument. But the focus of my proposal is the public role of ShariÀa, not matters of religious doctrine and ritual practice in the private, personal domain. -
Sağlik Harcamalari Ve Göstergelerinin
Medeniyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3 Yıl: 2015 Journal of Civilization Studies, Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 55 POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND ERDOGAN: A REVIEW TO 27 APRIL E-MEMORANDUM PROCESS Süleyman TEMİZ Abstract: After the 2002 general election in Turkey, Justice and Development Party has received significant vote percentage and the Party has become single ruling party in Turkey. Under these circumstances, after long- term coalition period Turkey has started its transformation. At the beginning, like every newly established Turkish government, the AK party started to have problems with the Turkish army. The initial conflict emerged from democratic reforms aimed at harmonization with the European Union requirements. Actually, it was a classic disagreement, which has been seen all the time in Turkish politics because of the sharing of administration power between AK party and the army. This article investigates the role of Erdogan's policy and his political leadership on Turkish Army. Keywords: Erdogan, Turkey, Election, Army, Secularism. POLİTİK LİDERLİK VE ERDOĞAN: 27 NİSAN E-MEMORANDUM SÜRECİNE BİR BAKIŞ Öz: Türkiye'de yapılan 2002 genel seçimlerinden sonra, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi kayda değer bir oy oranı elde etti ve Parti, tek başına iktidar oldu. Bu koşullar altında, uzun dönem devam eden koalisyon hükümetleri devrinden sonra Türkiye dönüşümüne başladı. Her yeni kurulan hükümette olduğu gibi, AK Parti’de ordu ile sorun yaşamaya başladı. İlk tartışma konusu, Avrupa Birliği gerekliliklerine uyum sağlamayı amaçlayan demokratik reformlar nedeniye ortaya çıkmıştır. Esasen, AK Parti yönetimi ile ordu arasındaki bu yönetim gücünün paylaşımı sebebiyle ortaya çıkan anlaşmazlıklar Türk siyasetinde hemen hemen her hükümetin yaşadığı bir durumdu. -
Yargisal Aktivizm: Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi Örneği
T.C. İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ SİYASET BİLİMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ ANABİLİM DALI SİYASET BİLİMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ BİLİM DALI YARGISAL AKTİVİZM: TÜRK ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ ÖRNEĞİ DOKTORA TEZİ MUHAMMET ERDAL OKUTAN Aralık, 2019 T.C. İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ SİYASET BİLİMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ ANABİLİM DALI SİYASET BİLİMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ BİLİM DALI YARGISAL AKTİVİZM: TÜRK ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ ÖRNEĞİ DOKTORA TEZİ MUHAMMET ERDAL OKUTAN DANIŞMAN Prof. Dr. ALİM YILMAZ Aralık, 2019 ii BİLDİRİM Hazırladığım tezin tamamen kendi çalışmam olduğunu, akademik ve etik kuralları gözeterek çalıştığımı ve her alıntıya kaynak gösterdiğimi taahhüt ederim. Muhammet Erdal OKUTAN Danışmanlığını yaptığım işbu tezin tamamen öğrencinin çalışması olduğunu, akademik ve etik kuralları gözeterek çalıştığını taahhüt ederim. Prof. Dr. Alim YILMAZ iii ONAY SAYFASI Muhammet Erdal Okutan tarafından hazırlanan ‘Yargısal Aktivizm: Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi Örneği’ başlıklı doktora tezi, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalında hazırlanmış ve jürimiz tarafından kabul edilmiştir. JÜRİ ÜYELERİ İMZA Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Alim YILMAZ ............................. Kurumu: İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Üyeler: Prof. Dr. Ahmet Nohutçu ............................. Kurumu: İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Dr. Öğr. Ü. Fatmanil Döner ............................. Kurumu: İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Haluk Alkan ............................. Kurumu: İstanbul Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kemal Bayram ............................