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riE SOCIAL SCIENCE I~ INFORMATION

Philippine Social Science Council May be opened for postal inspection P.O. Box 655 Greenhills, Metro Manila, 3113

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RICARDO G. ABAD Discipline Representative for Sociology PSSC Executive Board 1980

Awards, it would seem, provide The task of institution-building, particularly in centers institutions the opportunity to pro­ outside Metropolitan Manila, requires a commitment to training claim their cherished values. The and resource development. Training scholars is critical in order dean's list champions academic excel­ to enlarge the pool of social scientists. But it is essential, as well; lence, the FAMAS statuette gives re­ to figure out who gets trained, what the training expects to cognition to cinematic ability, and the achieve, and what follow-up measures are needed to sustain the Order of Sikatuna medallion lauds a effects of the training program. Development of resources in­ specific service to the state. For those volves activities aimed at increasing a provincial center's access who aspire to recognition, awards to publications, computer facilities, research: opportunities, offer a goal to be reached Thus, when the Philippine Social training workshops, and conferences. It entails support for grad­ Science Council, in May 1980, presents cashprizes and plaques to uate education, especially doctoral programs, in Manila or other the Best Discretionary Research, the Best Senior Research, the areas, as consortia or in a single institution, where students, Best ResearchNetwork Center,and the Best SocialScience Journal, from around the country can obtain advanced training. It may the Council will be paying tribute to those who, in its judgment, also require the task of monitoring the quality of social science! have made outstanding contributions to social science research. education in Philippine collegesand universities: The Council also hopes that the awards will provide impetus These efforts will tax the energies of the Council and the. for students and professionals to strive for more quality research. men and women who accept the responsibilities of institution­ building. Unfortunately, in most instances, these men and women The PSSC's effort represents an attempt to enhance social .. . science research in the country. More efforts can, and should, are also among the country's foremost social scientists who, in I follow. As more social science disciplines mature, and as the addition to their basic training.and resource-building activities" demand for social science expertise expands, the PSSC will have must also fulfill their basic duties as educator, researcher, sdmi-. to invest more time, energy and imagination toward fostering nistrator, all three, or any combination of the three. To reduce' quality research. this burden, the PSSC and in cooperation with school officials, Several courses of action are possible. The first is to inten­ can draw up a program to free, temporarily, these scholars from sify PSSC's current efforts at institution building by establishing their regular duties. As compensation, a fund can be made to a more solid infrastructure for social science research. The second pay for the scholar's normal salary plus, if necessary, a grant to is to draw up a plan to free senior and junior scholars from the defray research cost. The released time (which can coincide hassles of contract research and administrative duties. The reo with sabbatical leaves) can be spent in either of two ways: by leased time can then be used to assist provincial research centers devoting more attention to institutional development outside or to conduct research of the scholar's own choosing. The third Metro Manila, or by undertaking independent research. The is to set up an agenda for research, both basic and applied, that first option enables research centers outside Manila to have high­ will direct investigators to wrestle with the more urgent issues caliber social scientists. These scientists Will, in turn, be more ofour time. receptive to the research needs of provincial centers. The second Building a more solid research infrastructure is a response option promotes high-level research among persons most capable to the imbalances present in contemporary social science research of doing the work, and helps give much needed direction for activities. There is, for instance, a shortage of senior talents in future investigations on a chosen topic. many social science disciplines, and the ayailable few are working It is important that the research, whether done by profes­ either in Metropolitan Manila or in agencies abroad. Assymetries sionals or students, provides greater depth in understanding the also exist in the amount of resources research centers possess. Philippine situation and in applying knowledge to action. Such Access to reference materials, computer time, consultants, and depth is accomplished in many ways, among them: by setting specialized training heavily favor agenciesin Metropolitan Manila. priorities for research topics, by emphasizing explanation rather Such disparities produce two unfavorable consequences. First, than description of data, and by collaborating with research users centers located in Metro Manila receive a greater proportion of in assessing program impact. Research priorities can be set after research contracts available at a given time. Second, senior or integrating available knowledge on selected topics, and identify-. junior scholars based in Metro Manila get more'opportunities to ing gaps for future study, two tasks which the PSSC has already sharpen research abilities, prepare scientific reports, meet other begun. A sensitivity to the conditions Which alienate many Fi- scholarsand develop a more professional outlook. (Page 14 please) OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/3

The Filipino Clergy and the Revolution

JOHN N. SCHUMACHER, S.J.

One of the stereotypes which has dominated the historiography of the Revolution of the new revolutionary rnovementfor is that of a struggle against the Spanish-dominated Catholic Church, as the chief opponent independence carried on through par­ of nationalist aspirations. Another is the myth of the Revolution as a Tagalog affair. liamentary methods under American tute­ Spaniards spoke scornfully of the rebelion tagala (even though they tortured men in the lage, the clergy would be relegated to the llocanc and Bicol provinces for alleged conspiracies). American historians like LeRoy or background and their earlier role for­ Taylor, though they recognized that the opposition to the Americans was not confined gotten. to the Tagalog provinces, generally attributed the resistance elsewhere to Tagalog emis­ saries or military commanders who stirred up or even coerced an indifferent population Fathers Pelaezand Gomez to refuse to accept American rule. And though Filipino historians have stressed the national character of the Revolution, as a matter of fact the standard histories of the The beginnings of nationalism can be revolution concentrate almost all their attention on the Malolos government and the traced back to 1850 when the Filipino forces directly under its control, w.ith only the barest details on the Revolution in other clergy first began to organize themselves, parts of the country. under the leadership of Fr. Pedro Pelaez A more recent stereotype has been the It is not the contention of this study in Manila, and Fr. Mariano Gomez in contention that the Revolution made by that all of the above stereotypes of the Cavite. The occasion was the move taken the proletariat (or alternatively, by the Revolution are totally false. All of them in 1849 by the Spanish government in lower middle class) was taken over by the do contain some greater or lesser portion response to the request of the Recoleto wealthy ilustrado elite, who then betrayed of the entire picture of the Revolution. procurator that parishes in Cavite be ad­ it to the Americans. This view, usually Rather, accepting what is valid in these judicated to his order. In reply the govern­ undergirded by some type of economic views, the study sees the nationalist clergy ment not only gave parishes to the Heco­ determinist theory, is in reality the con­ not merely as the victims of 1872, but as letos, but, unasked, bestowed four others verse of Taft's contention that "all the the ones who brought nationalism to on the Dominicans. In spite of the osten­ better class" or "all those who have any­ birth, nurtured it, and after they had had sible reasons alleged the purpose was thing to lose" were really in favor of to yield the leadership to others, con­ clear. To have the entire province of American rule, at least after an early stage tinued to support the Revolution, even Cavite in the hands of the Filipino secular in the fighting. when it was betrayed or abandoned by clergy was a danger to Spanish sovereignty, Finally, though the three priest-martyrs, many of its leaders. The Filipino clergy, to be defused by transferring key parishes Burgos, Gomez and Zamora, have always or at least a substantial number of them, into the hands of Spanish friars of whose occupied a place in the pantheon of na­ form the thread linking the nationalist loyalty to Spain there could be no ques­ tional heroes, their death has generally movement into a whole. But with the end tion. The unspoken accusation stirred up been more viewed as a striking example of revolutionary nationalism as a signif­ Pelaez and Gomez to vindicate their loyal­ of the Spanish oppression which gave rise icant force after 1902 and the emergence ty and to reclaim their rights by an appeal to the Revolution of 1896 than as an effort to crush an early stage of nationalism in substantial continuity with that which Fr. John N. Schumacher, S. J. is professor of history at the Ateneo de inspired the Katipunan. When even the Manila University. He obtained his Ph. D. in history from" Georgetown Uni­ Propaganda Movement is dismissed as versity and served as the editor of Philippine Studies, a journal published by nothing more than a "reform movement:' a futile effort whose failure caused Boni­ the Ateneo University up to 1978. Fr. Schumacher has written numerous facio to found the Katipunan allegedly articles and severalbooks on Philippine history. thus turning the eyes of Filipinos to in­ dependence for the first time, the move­ This article is part of his study of the seme title submitted to the PSSC ment initiated by Pelaez and given form by under the Modern Philippine History Program. Burgos, has been frequently seen as merely a prelude to nationalism, 4/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TlON

to Madrid. Though the newspaper articles nizing the complaints of the clergy was the Burgos was the thoroughness with which published in their defense and the agent equality of Spaniard and Filipino. Though the Spanish government attempted to blot who worked for the revocation of the they were almost certainly wrong in their out every access by Filipino priests to royal decree were unsuccessful, the event accusation that only Pelaez's death had higher education, as it decreed in 18~2 is significant for bringing to the fore the prevented him from carrying through his that the doctoral program in the Univer­ leaders of the Filipino clergy and for plan for a revolt, they were not mistaken sity be closed to Filipinos, for it was rousing them to think for their future. in seeing his efforts designed to awake a from the University that those priests The Filipino clergy of mid-nineteenth national consciousness, even within the sent to death or exile in the Marianas century still suffered from the effects of Spanish system. had come. Despite this .death-blow to their the mass ordinations done by Archbishop aspirations, the Filipino clergy continued Sancho de Sta. Justa in the previous cen­ to support a national movement, but the Leadership ofBurgos tury in his effort to break the independent leadership passed to others - - the young power of the religious orders. The result Filipino i1ustrados trained in Europe who More clearly than 'Pelaez, Burgos de­ had been a Filipino clergy, untrained aca­ created the Propaganda Movement. If the fended not only the Filipino clergy, but demically or religiously, looked down upon leaders were new, however, there was a the capacity of the Filipino people as a by Spaniards and educated Filipinos alike. manifest continuity with the clergy of whole to match the Spaniards. The mo­ Pelaez, though himself a criollo, identified 1872. Jose Rizal's brother Paciano was mentary liberalization of the Manila regime himself with his fellow secular priests, and forced to leave school for having been enabled Burgos to speak out and openly ... would be feared and accused of being anti­ one of the disciples of Burgos; Marcelo to ally himself with the Manila liberals Spanish even in his death. Unlike them, del Pilar's brother, Father Toribio, was who were asking for liberal and modern­ however, Pelaez was educated not in the one of the priests exiled in 1872, and zing reforms in Philippine society. This pitiful seminaries but in the University, Marcelo himself had been living with emergence into the public forum was to where he obtained his doctorate in theolo­ Fr. Mariano Sevilla, who shared Toni­ prove disastrous when the authoritarian gy and continued to act as lecturer and ex­ bio's exile; Gregorio Sancianco had been Governor Izquierdo ended the tentative aminer afterwards. Around Pelaez arose a a member of the Juventud Escolar Liberal, efforts of liberalization, and actlvltst growing group of young university-educa­ youth arm of the movement of which priests as well as liber.al lawyers were ted Filipino priests, determined to give the Burgos' leadership had been part, as was marked out as suspected subversives. lie to Spanish scorn for Filipino priests and Mariano Alejandrino, the supporter of With the occasion of a mutiny in the to win the recognition of their rights by Rizal whose son Jose 'was to become a arsenal of Cavite, all were arrested; even proving themselves the equals or betters of general in the revolution. Other priests while the fighting was still in progress, the Spanish clergy. Chief among these continued to support the clandestine and their trials were hurried to a pre­ younger disciples of Pelaez was Jose campaign from the background as sub­ destined conclusion before Madrid in­ Burgos, who would succeed to the leader­ scribers to La Solidaridad, like Fr. fluences might intervene. Though it may be ship at the death of Pelaez in the earth­ Gregorio Aglipay, or as collaborators in true that the names of the condemned quake in 1863. the Malolos campaign in support of men had been used by the promoters of When this tragic event occurred, Pelaez Marcelo del Pilar, like Frs. Gregorio Cri­ the mutiny, the fact that Burgos was was at the height of his influence, having sostomo, Juan Gatmaitan, and Rafael engaged in clandestine negotiations in been elected vicar-capitular of the arch­ Canlapan; or as defenders of Hizal's Madrid to obtain recognition for the diocese of Manila to rule it in the vacancy Noli like the venerable Fr. Vicente Garcia, rights of'the Filipino clergy and a place created by the death of Archbishop Jose whose support moved Rizal so deeply and in the cathedral chapter for himself from Arangueren. As it turned out, Pelaez's convinced him that he was on the right tenure as .acting archbishop coincided with which he could exercise greater influence path of service to his country. To jUdge on the course of events makes it highly a new attempt to nullify the Filipino clergy -from the records of those prosecuted or unlikely that he would have been simul­ by depriving them of more parishes. From investigated either by the government or taneously involved in revolutionary cons­ his position of authority, Peleez led the by the Spanish archbishop, as found in piracy. But the Spaniards were not wrong campaign in defense of Filipino rights. the archives today, this support was wide­ in recognizing him as a subversive influence Though publicly he spoke only of the spread, and the Spanish government's in organizing the Filipino clergy to chal­ rights of the secular clergy, realizing he had attitude toward all Filipino priests as lenge their Spanish counterparts on an to avoid arousing Spanish fears, Pelaez suspected subversives became self-fulfilling equal basis of ability and accomplishment. was well aware of the nationalist issues. prophecy. For whiIe many of the wealttily To stimulate Filipinos to demand the re­ As he put it in one of his letters to the Filipino lay ilustrados were able to obtain cognition of their equality with Spaniards papal nuncio in Madrid, were the Filipinos entrance to Hispanic society because of was to undermine the very foundations to be excluded from the parishes simply their wealth and prominence, and hence of Spanish rule in the Philippines, based because they ate rice instead of bread, and in many cases came to terms with the because they were unable to discourse on principally on the notion of a superior regime, the Filipino clergy were ever mo:re the splendors of peninsular Spanish towns? race. fully subordinated to Spanish friars, amd The enemies of the Filipino clergy were Perhaps the greatest tribute to the were made to see that the government well aware that what was at stake in recog- effectiveness of the work of Pelaez and OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/5 ...

considered them its prime enemies, even all but the most doctrinaire had to realize pay's manifestos were disavowed by the proposing their total elimination. It is no that the aid of the clergy was necessary to government, and the appointment as wonder then that when the Revolution rally the masses to the Revolution. Con­ Military Vicar General was scarcely, men­ broke out in 1896, wherever it established trary to stereotypes handed down, far tioned in the succeeding months. The itself the Filipino clergy were to be found from being hostile to the friars, most or­ registration of priests, which had seemed among its chief supporters and advisors. dinary Flllpinos still respected their autho­ to threaten schism against the authoritv of rity, as the number of volunteers organized Nozaleda, was placed under the office of The Revolution of 1896 by friar parish priests to fight the Revo­ the new Secretary of Justice, Gregorio lution in its early stages demonstrates. Araneta, and under the immediate super­ Though the Katipunan in Manila, in­ Even more, whatever their enthusiasm for vision of his Director of Worship, Fr. fluenced by the writings of the Propa­ the Revolution, the masses would not easily Manuel Roxas. Though the formaliity of ganda Movement, was often marked by a be deprived of priests, and if the imprison­ registration was carried out, government .. general anti clericalism, not merely by ment of the friars was to be made tolerable authorization was given in terms which opposition to the friars, it was not so in to them, it was necessary that Filipino explicitly recognized the authority of the the provincial Katipunan, so largely the priests quickly fill the vacant places. archbishop. Meanwhile in the Malolos creation of the provincial elite. Most It was in this situation that not only Congress the clergy opposed the radical notable is the course of the Hevolution lay i1ustrados but also Filipino priests anticlerical faction proposing the separa­ in Cavite, where both Magdiwang and hurried to meet Aguinaldo in Bacoor in tion of Church and State. When the latter .. Magdalo factions counted priests among 1898. One of these was Fr. Mariano pushed through the separation provision those participating in their supreme coun­ Sevilla, who had suffered exile in 1872 by means. of a parliamentary maneuver, cils, and several of the priests, as elsewhere and imprisonment again in 1896. Closely Sevilla founded the newspaper £1 Ceto­ in the provinces, were relatives of the associated with him was Fr. Manuel Roxas, lico Filipino.to fight the radical party, and local Revolutionary leaders. Most notable perhaps the only Filipino priest of the time to persuade Aguinaldo not to approve the of the priest-revolutionaries was Fr. Pedro educated in Europe. Vying with them for separation provision. Though Mabini was Dandan, one of those exiled to the Maria­ the position of adviser to Aguinaldo was Sevilla's principal target, it was in fact nas in 1872. Dandan left his parish in ··Gregorio Aglipay, also of the archdiocese Mabini who actually brought about the Manila and joined the forces of Aguinaldo of Manila, but himself an llocano. It was temporary shelving of the separationlst in January 1897. Here he quickly became Aglipay, already known to Aguinaldo and provision by means of the so-called transi­ a major figure in the Magdalo council, and his family, who caught the attention of tory provisions, in order to prevent dis­ was reported by a contemporary prisoner Mabini, when he backed Mabini's intro­ unity among the Filipinos, especially the in Cavite to have been the most ardent in duction of civil marriage, a measure opposed clergy. urging resistance to the end. When Aguinal­ by almost all the Filipino clergy. In the do retired to Biak-na-Bato, Dandan was next year and a half, as Mabini's star Mabini and Aglipay elected by the governing council there as waxed and waned, Aglipay was to serve President of the Departmental Government as his chief instrument for winning ac­ Mabini had by this time resolved on of Central Luzon. He died late in 1897 in ceptance from the clergy of the religious another strategy, since Aglipay had ob­ the mountains between Cavite and Laguna, measures of the Malolos government. tained from the imprisoned and incommu­ still sparking the guerrilla resistance to the When the Malolos Congress opened nicado Bishop Hevia the appointment of end. in September, Mabini, who had been do­ himself as ecclesiastical governor of Nueva minant in the government until then, Segovia. Though in fact the appointment Second Phase of the Revolution began to experience considerable oppo­ was invalid, since Aglipay had already sition from within the Congress against earlier incurred excommunication for exer­ The influence of Dandan on Aguinaldo his religious policy. Mabini's efforts to per­ cising his civlllv-bestowed authority as would not be duplicated in the second suade the clergy to reject the authority of Military Vicar General, the excommuni­ phase of the Revolution in 1898. Rather in Archbishop Nozaleda met with little cation would only become known in July 1898 Aguinaldo would have a plethora of ,success. In October Aglipay was appointed 1899 when the sentence of the Manila advisers from amonq the ilustrados, most Miiftiry- Vicar, General by the government, ecclesiastical court was promulgated. In notably, Mabini. These ilustrados, most of and in that capacity issued manifestos the meantime, relying on his position as them educated in Europe (except Mabinil, proclaiming the end of the authority of recognized ecclesiastical governor, Aglipay were frequently influenced by the liberal the Spanish bishops and calling on the rallied the llocano clergy behind the Re­ and anticlerical ideas they had met there. Filipino clergy to meet and elect their volutionary government, headed since Nor, did they, as educated men, feel the own superiors under the auspices of Ag­ January 1, 1899 by Mabini. In the suc­ need that Aguinaldo, Mariano Trias, and lipay. At the same time all priests were ceeding months, Aglipay would serve the Mariano Alvarez had felt in 1896 of the ordered to register with the government government by putting church funds at counsel of the Filipino priests, to whom for authorization to head the parishes. To its disposal in the national loan by em­ they, unlike the Caviteno provincial these encroachments on ecclesiastical au­ couraging the clergy to stir up enthusiasm elite, were superior in education. However, thority there was a quick reaction. Agli- for the. national cause, by keeping the 6/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

ration of guerrilla warfare a few weeks later can officer, though confiscating the silver, meant that it had little actual effect. It refrained from arresting the priest, since did, however, provide a precedent for the he knew from experience that he would future. not be able to convict him. Despite the services rendered by Aglipay Other American military officers had to the Revolution as ecclesiastical gover­ less scruples with the clergy, as gradually nor and Military Vicar General, the long­ they found that many occupied towns range effect on the NuevaSegoviaclergy must which they thought to be operating under be deemed negative. An indication of this American sovereignty were actually ruled is that during the period 1900-1901 tIIIhen by "shadow governments." When the the clergy were active in supporting and Americans announced elections for a even leading guerrilla warfare in other town, the parish priest and the guerrillas parts of the country, there was little, often decided on the officials to be named III guerrilla activity in the northern pro­ before the elections, so that these elections vinces, except in lIocos Norte, where were formalities by which the guerrilla­ Aglipay himself was a leading comman­ chosen leaders received the blessing of the der. The clergy in the north had suffered Americans. Meanwhile taxes were collected too much in petty harassment by anti­ by the American-sponsored regime, but clerical government officials, in spite of actually went to the guerrillas, often their generosity in supplying the govern­ through the mediation of the parish priests. ment with funds; they had had violence So angered and frustrated did the Ameri­ done to their consciences in the attempts cans become that by the end of 1900 APOLINARIO MABINI to force them to reject the authority of numerous Filipino priests were to be foundl the bishop in the name of the Revolution. in American military prisons, detained priests loyal inspite of the harassment It was not to be wondered that most without trial. Often too, the penalties many had experienced from local anti­ priests there showed little enthusiasm meted out to priests who were put on \ clerical officials. for the cause after their bitter experience. trial seem out of proportion to the offenses I During this period the Nueva Segovia One can only speculate whether things with which they were charged, like the clergy followed the leadership of Aglipay, might have been different had Mabininot set priest who was sentenced to a year in \ acknowledging him as their lawful superior. himself on obtaining the denial of Arch­ prison for having "urged the people to Once the sentence of excommunication bishop Nozaleda's and Bishop Hevia's pay taxes to the guerrillas. "It was perhaps \ authority, and pushed Aglipay to take more a measure of American anger and I by the Manila ecclesiastical court had I become known however, much of Aglipay's that step. frustration at the influence of the priests 'J support among the clergy began to fade, in being exercised against them than of the r spite of the terrorism often exercised to Guerrilla war in the Tagalogprovinces seriousness of the crime, a crime which sustain his authority. When Bishop Hevia numerous other Filipinos could have been \ learned of the excommunication, he with­ In other parts of the country where imprisoned for, but which did not other­ drew the appointment as ecclesiastical Aglipay's jurisdiction had not attempted to wise receive any such severe punishments. governor. But meanwhile Mabini had re­ extend itself, the situation was quite differ­ Most noteworthy was the sentence to surrected the earlier plan, outlined in the ent. After the American conquest of the exile in the Marianas meted out in January manifestos of the preceding October, to southern Tagalog provinces, everywhere 1901 to the de facto leaders of the clergy declare the authority of Spanish bishops at there appeared priests collaborating in one of the archdiocese, of Manila, Father an end, and to depend on the title of way or another with the guerrillas. Many Military Vicar General, recognized by contributed money themselves as well as the government, for Aglipay's authority. serving as collectors and transmitters of It was under this supposition that the funds to the guerrillas. Others occupied. . ".-'.: Paniqui Assembly in October· 1899, em­ themselves in procuring supplies and even k ••• ,J ploying a document drawn up by Mabini, ammunition for the guerrillas, like the declared for a national church, still, how­ priest of Liliw who was caught by the ever, supposedly united with Rome. But Americans in 1900 just as he had loaded the 25' priests who signed this document, the silver from the burnt-out church onto many of them no doubt under coercion horses to bring it to the guerrillas for use from the' government, formed only a in manufacturing home-made bullets. When small minority of the, Nl,leva Segovia cler­ questioned by the American officer lie gy. And' despite the severe penalties im­ maintained that it belonged to the "present posed on those who did not accept it, the government," without being willing to say "",' ANDR.ESBONIFACIO· collapse of the government and the decla- which government he meant. The Arneri- OCTOBpR-DECEMBER 1979/7 --

Mariano Sevilla and Manuel Roxas, toge­ howling wilderness," it was many of the traffic in money, supplies, ammunition ther with such notable figures of the Revo­ clergy who bore the brunt of the American and military intelligence information bet­ lution as Pio del Pilar, Artemio Ricarte, policy of terrorism. When the guerrillas ween Sorsogon and Albay on the one Apolinario Mabini, and other "irreconci­ took the American garrison by surprise in side and Samar on the other. He remained tables." At the last minute the exile of the Balangiga and massacred them, not only undetected until January 1901 when the priests was changed to imprisonment at the priest of that town, (though he had Americans raided the island and having the intercession of a prominent Filipino absented himself in fear of what he knew imprisoned the local officials, found among Americanista, and eventually they were was to take place) but also priests of ad­ their papers numerous communlcatiens of released. Neither seems ever to have had jacent towns were tortured with the Ranin. As a result they returned and took any specific charge made against them, water-cure by the American expert on tor­ him also as prisoner. In Masbate also Fr. except that -- like Mabini - - they had ture, Major Edwin Glenn. . Pedro Chavez seems to have played a simi­ • kept alive the spirit of resistance against lar role, cven after the Americans had the new American-imposed order. The Bikol Provinces occupied the island. Most active and independent of the The Diocese ofCebu The Revolution in the Bikol region, guerrilla priests was Fr. Felipe Orense, especially in Albay and Sorsogon, was a coadjutor of the town of Donsol. When When the Americans had arrived at popular movement comprising both the this hemp port was occupied b¥ the .. Cebu, the Cebuanos found themselves local elite and the ordinary people, but it Americans, Orense led many of the towns­ without arms to resist. In the face of this had its own characteristics. Resentment people into the mountains, from where hopeless situation, the Revolutionary Com­ against the Spaniards was not so strong as he harassed the American forces in the mittee made up of leading Cebuanos, elsewhere,.and least of all was there strong vicinity until his surrender in 1901, at the among them the leaders of the clergy, feeling against the friars. Not only were the same time as Belarmino and Santos. Fathers Pablo Singzon and Juan Gorordo friars allowed to leave peacefully, even (botl1' later to become bishops), negotia­ taking their funds with them, but they Jaro Diocese ted the surrender of the city..Some months received an affectionate send off from the later, however, the chief of police, Arcadio majority of the people in Albay. If the In Jaro a situation similar to that olfthe Maxilom, declared his break with the attitude of the Bikolanos toward the Bikol region prevailed. Here too the colegio­ Revolutionary Committee and began guer­ Spaniards was not strongly hostile, the seminario of Jaro had been the school in rilla warfare against the Americans. Seve­ converse was true toward the Americans, which not only the clergy were trained, ral priests are known to have collaborated who were opposed not only as enemies but likewise a large portion of the ilocal with the guerrillas, supplying them with of the Filipino nation, but also seen as elite. food and other necessities, providing them hostile to the Catholic faith of the Filipi­ Even more than in Bikol these localities with intelligence information on the move­ nos. In stirring up the hostility to the were important. Since the llongos had ments of the Americans, and generally Americans the Filipino clergy were ex­ made their own revolution, prior to any giving them encouragement and support. tremely active, both as official chaplains expeditionary force from Aguinaldo, the The other major scene of Filipino mili­ and as parish priests retiring to the moun­ supreme command in the island was not tary activity in the provinces of eastern tains with the people of their parishes at under Tagalogs, as elsewhere, but under the Visayas, which comprised the diocese of the approach of the Americans. Colonel lIongo, General Martin Delgado. Delgado's Cebu, was Samar, where Vicente Lukban Ramon F. Santos, the highest-ranking chief adviser was Fr. Praxedes Magalona, had established himself in the interior. Bikolano military leader and second-in­ coadjutor of Delgado's town of Sta. Lukban, however, was not a Visayan, but a command to General Vito Belarmino after Barbara. But numerous other Filipino Bicolano from Manila who had been dis­ General Pawa's flight and surrender to the priests cooperated with him in various patched to the Visayas by Aguinaldo, Americans, had the firm loyalty of many capacities. Most important was the co­ and belonged to the anticlerical ilustrado priests whom he had earlier helped through operation of Fr. Agustin de la Pefia, class. Early in 1899 he made an attempt to the seminary. ecclesiastical governor of the diocese of take prisoner the Franciscan bishop of Though most-of his loyalty was manifes­ Jaro. The Recoleto friar bishop, Msgr, Cebu, Msgr. Garcia Alcocer, much against ted through support compatible with the Andres Ferrero, having been appointed the will of the Cebuanos, lay and clergy, role of the priest, a few took more active just at the outbreak of the Hevolution, who appealed to Aguinaldo while the parts in the war itself. Most notable was had never been able to take possession of bishop went temporarily to Manila. Not Fr. Jose Natera, who held a commission his diocese personally, and had appointed long afterward, all the clergy, except for in the army as second in command to De la Pefia to rule in his name. The latter two old priests. temporarily withdrew Santos and soon became known as "the showed himself cooperative with Delgado from Samar in protest against the oppres­ Aglipay of the south." After Natera's in authorizing priests to take various sive measures of Lukban. Nonetheless, death Santos's chief clerical supporter missions, .especially for the collection of the following year when the infamous was Fr. Nemesio Ranin. Having taken over funds, for the Revolutionary government General Jacob Smith undertook to sub­ one of the abandoned parishes of the island both within their own towns, where the due Lukban by turning Samar "into a of Burias, Ranin became the center of priests headed the revolutionary commit- I ,I S/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

tees, and, in some cases on a wider basis, as The Internalstruggle of the clergy in the Bikol region, Fr. Pablo in the province of Antique. As the situa­ Singzon In the diocese of Cebu. Both tion grew more desperate in 1900, De la The contrary was true of the clergy, these future bishops were essentially peace­ Pefia even authorized the use of church since the new apostolic delegate, Arch­ makers, and neither of them united them­ funds to support the Revolution. Though bishop Placide Chapelle showed little selves with either of the two factions shortly afterward Bishop Ferrero came to concern for the aspirations of the Filipino opposed to the friars, and consequently; Iloilo and De la Pena was forced to retire, clergy. The result was a second struggle, at odds with Archbishop Chapelle. In his activity in supporting the Revolution now within the Church, carried on by a Jaro diocese the feeling was strong against soon became known to the Americans. large sector of the Filipino clergy in the Bishop Ferrero, who had eventually come In December 1900 he was kidnaped from period 1900 to 1903. As an American, to take possession of his see. A faction of his parish by American soldiers and tor­ committed to the continuance of an the clergy organized the Asociacion del tured to death by the water-cure in an American regime in the Philippines, Clero Jarense to oppose him. In the main effort to trace the Revolutionary funds. Chapelle had already built up a barrier to their position stood in alliance with the • his efforts td reorganize the Philippine party of Sevilla and Roxas, though they The most active priest militarily was Church. His acceptance of the views of would be increasingly radicalized as time Fr. Santiago Pamplona, who held the rank the Spanish friar bishops on the inepti­ went on. Without a strong recognized of captain. Though it is unclear to what tude of the Filipino clergy to carry on the leader like Sevilla in Manila, or Singzon and extent he actually engaged in battle, he work of the Church led him to attempt to Barlin in Cebu and Naga, and faced with acted as Delegate of the Government to bring back Spanish friars into the parishes, the actual presence of Bishop Ferrero, I receive the funds which had been col­ and to plan a continued secondary role some in Jaro moved much further in the lected, and was suspected by the Amer­ for Filipino priests. His prohibition on direction of the radical position of De los icans of having ordered the killing of Spanish friars leaving the country, though Reyes and Aglipay. American soldiers in his parish of Calinog. based on the real fear that all might de­ With the departure of Chapelle, who Fr. Praxedes Magalona, though he appears part, leaving large numbers of parishes had only aggravated matters, things con­ not to have held a military commission but vacant because of the inadequate number tinued to drift. As no new delegate came, rather simply acted as adviser to Delgado, of Filipino priests, aroused strong fears nor was there any apparent move on the was put in charge of organizing the under­ among the Filipino priests. This apparent part of the Holy See to resolve the ano­ ground support organization, Kabubut-on intention to restore friar dominance in malous situation of the Philippine church, sang banua. When the Panay revolutionary the Church was vigorously combated by the arrival of Isabelo de los Reyes in committee decided that further resistance two different factions within the Filipino October 1901 quickly radicalized the was impossible in late 1900, it was Magalona clergy. They were basically the same two position of the clergy of lloeos Norte whom their emissary, Fr. Silvestre Apura, groups who had tried to influence the under the leadership of Aglipay, without contacted to arrange for the surrender of religious policy of the Malolos govern­ the Augustinian ecclesiastical governor Delgado, and later of other leaders in the ment - that led. by Fathers Sevilla and being able to stem the tide. When the field. Roxas, and that inspired by lsabelo de los clergy hesitated to take the final step. Reyes, whose clerical protagonist would De los Reyes himself proclaimed the: What happened in Panay after the be Father Aglipay after his surrender and Iglesia Filipina Independiente in August surrender of Delgado and Fullon is symbol­ De los Reyes' return from Europe. The 1902. By the time the new apostolic ic of the general pattern in the country Sevilla-Roxas group did not call for the delegate, Archbishop GiovaAlli Battista after the victory of American arms. A few expulsion of friars from the Philippine Guidi, arrived and promulgated the papall months later Delgado became governor of church, but for their exclusion from document Quae mari sinico in December 1I0i!0 province by American appointment, positions of authority; de los Reyes and 1902, restructuring the Philippine church, while Fullon was appointed to Antique. Aglipay demanded their total expulsion. the llocos Norte clergy and a few other American policy of conciliating the FiIi· The moderates called for the prior right individual priests ,had declared' them­ pino elite resulted in their obtaining most of Fi1ipino priests to the parishes, to be selves for schism. Though the move foundl of the goals for which the Revolution had assisted in case of necessity by priests no response to speak of in Cebu, Naga, or' . been fought, except, of course, indepen­ of other nationalities;the radicals demanded Manila, both the Jaro clergy and those of' dence. Thus everywhere former Revolu­ the exclusive right to all positions in the lloeos Sur first rejected the papal docu­ tionary leaders or members of the Malolos Philippine church, including bishoprics. ment, and then, when American bishops: were named to those dioceses; declaredI government received important roles in the Though Sevilla and Roxas did not renounce themselves unwilling to accept them. At: American regime, while such measures as hope for Filipino bishops, they left the the same time, however, they refused tOI civil liberties, economic development, a decision to the Holy See. join Aglipayans. As the anti-Catholic ele­ broadened school system, and other non­ In the dioceses of Cebu and Caceres ments, American and Filipino, increasingly political reforms were soon implemented. the Filipino clergy had never been as threw their support behind schism, thei Thus the lay elite may be said to have ob­ deprived as in the others, and hence the great majority of these two dissident: tained most of their aims in the Revolu­ Issues seemed less urgent. . Moreover, (Page 34 pieasel tion. Fr. Jorge Barlin was the principal leader ... OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/9 National Consultation on Updating the Teaching of English in the Philippines

ANDREW GONZALEZ, FSC .. With the promulgation of the Bilingual Education Policy in 1974, almost exclusive is often interpreted as the dominance of ' attention has been given to the dissemination of Pilipino and the use of this language Pilipino and has led to the neglect of as a medium of instruction. Judging from the feedback from different language super­ English as a major preoccupation among visors who attended a national conference evaluating the implementatlon of the Bilingual many administrators in the field. Education Policy in 1978, the teaching of the other language involved in the Bilingual In beginning classes where science and

Education Program was being neglected. It was the consensus at that time to hold a mathematics are supposed to be taught I conference focusing exclusively on the teaching of English with a view to its updating in English, teachers have to use gestures and revitalization. and context clues but more often transla­ tions in the local language. Hence" exten­ Even at that time, it was a foregone cation, the University of the Philippines sive code-switching and even language­ conclusion that a program of updating had and the Science Education Center, and the mixing is used in the classrooms. This to have a sufficient period of gestation and Ministry of Education and Culture) were seems to be the most frequent strategy development and could not be confined to requested to react to these reports and used for the period of transitional bi- I a single conference or workshop. What was to come up with their own suggestions for lingualism. desirable was an updating plan of confer­ lines of action. There are varying opinions on how long ences, seminars, workshops, training ses­ The purpose was to reach a consensus it takes for a Filipino child to reach the sions at various levels, planned over several on what should be done, in the form of a lower threshold level for English" opera­ years. series of recommendations which in turn tionally definable as the level of basic ' At the suggestion of several interested were to be the foundation for a long-term competence in English whereby the child educators, a preliminary conference to plan. is able to follow a science or mathematics sketch the outlines of a long-term plan, The national consultation was held at lesson taught in English. The opinions with participation from various sectors the De La Salle University Graduate Se­ range from two years to seven years; no of the educational community, was or­ minar Room on September 13 and 14 and research has been done to determine this ganized, under the title "National Con­ with participants from twelve of the level and hence, the estimates have to be sultation." thirteen MEC regions (Region IV was not based on impressions. Non-linguistic social represented) and from the City Division variables have to be considered and ac­ Purpose of Public Schools as well as officials from count for the wide 'range. the central bureaus of the Ministry and The only EDPITAF materials available The purpose of the national consulta­ representatives of scholarly organizations thus far are Elementary Science (1-4), tion was to obtain feedback from English and the private sector. Elementary Mathematics (1-4)" High language supervisors of the 13 Minis­ School Science (1-2), and High School try of Education and Culture regions on Findings Mathematics (1-3). English books avail­ the state of English teaching and achieve­ able from EDPITAF are solely for try­ ment in the country. A simple question­ The Bilingual Education Policy of 1974 out classes. In the meantime, the old naire was circulated, the basis for the oral report of each supervisor during the actual ----I Bro. Andrew B. Gonzalez, F.S.C, is consultation. Officers of various scholarly president of· De La Salle University and societies and agencies (the Linguistic Executive Secretary of the Linguistic. Society of the Philippines, the College Society of the Philippines. He is also an English Teachers' Association, the Philip­ incoming member of the PSSC.Execu­ pine Association for Language Teaching, tive Board for CY 1980. the Educational Development Projects Im­ Bro. Andrew obteinedhis Ph. D. plementing Task Force, the National in linguistics from the lJ.niversity of Cali­ Capital Region, the Bureau of Elementary fornia, Berkeley in 1970. Education, the Bureau of Secondary Edu- lO/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

Bureau of Public Schools guides and have a center for local materials develop­ Specific recommendations for human Philippine Center for Language Study ment to complement the core materials resources development policy materials are still in use. from EDPITAF. Based on different evaluation instru­ Curriculum revision should include rea­ The salaries of teachers have to be made ments, the achievement in English at the listic goals for language learning (the per­ more realistic to attract new talent into the end of primary and secondary schooling fectly balanced bilingual in Pilipino and in profession. In addition to salary incentives, is not encouraging. Students seem unable English is an unattainable ideal), with a realistic demands on time should be or unwilling to express themselves orally. clear decision on which skills to empha­ guaranteed to minimize disincentives illl Reading .is below desired grade levels; size at different stages. The domains for this area. writing is quite poor. At most, one can English and Pilipino perhaps need to be Teachers should be left free to do their expect passive comprehension. By 1984­ re-examined and made clear so that a re­ teaching work instead of being saddled 1985, the first group of students who have gion's program to attain competence in with extra administrative and non-educe­ been educated totally under the Bilingual these domains can be pursued. At the tion tasks beyond their teaching duties. Education Program will be entering college; upper levels, English for Special Pur- Non-academic activities distracting one can predict even less proficiency in English with this group. There is a reluctance on the part of pupils to use English outside the class­ room because of the lack of a supportive English-speaking community especially in the rural areas. Even in class, students often respond either in Pilipino or the local language during classes supposedly using English as the medium of instruc­ tion.

General recommendations Programs across levels should be arti­ culated and integrated from Grade One to Dr. Faustino Quiocho of FAPE confers with the participants to the National Consultation Freshman College. Workshop on Updating the Teaching of English in the Philippines which was jointly The use of total immersion classes in sponsored by the Fund for Assistance to Private Education and the Linguistic Society of English for set periods and as a transition­ the Philippines held at the Graduate Seminar Room of De La Salle University, Manila. al device for learning in English should be Others in photo are from left: Thelma Soriano of the National Capital Region, Leandro explored. (This is being done experiment· Sanchez of Region V" and Josefa Pads of Region I. ally by the Division of .Cltv Schools of Manila). The formal teaching of Science and poses' (for science and mathematics) has teachers from carrying out their functions I Mathematics (Arithmetic) in English should to be the main focus of the program. should be phased out; one of the main probably be postponed until beginning To make up for the reduction of class reasons for lack of achievement in learning I I competence in English is attained. The time, self-learning materials (for those academic subjects in schools is the lack requirement to teach content in science who can profit from such materials) and of time for actual teaching resulting from and arithmetic may be met by using the mass media (TV shows and movies) distractive activities of a non-academic I science and arithmetic reading materials should be used as supplementary aids. The nature. Schools have to get back to the in the language class. curriculum should plan for the transfer five-day class week. \ To take care of the temporary lack of of certain skills from one language to There should be a moratorium on materials (the English books of EDPITAF another, to avoid duplication and repe­ systems-wide innovations to enable teachers are due for distribution beginning in 1980) tition or to ensure reinforcement where to return to basics, specifically, compe­ for the elementary level (Grades 1 and 2) this is needed. tent teaching in the classroom according and in 1981 for the secondary level (Year 1). At the elementary and secondary to a set syllabus and for the full amount writing workshops should be organized to school levels, Developmental Reading of time prescribed. The move to inte­ develop usable and inexpensive materials, Centers for skills build-up should be es­ grate content into' as few subjects as using home and community resources tablished as a regular facility for each possible is welcome. and recycled materials. Even with the school. The best teachers in terms of serving eventual availability of the EDPITAF The most crucial component for up­ as adequate language models should be materials, support materials (including dating will be the component of human deployed in the lower grades where the reading readiness materials) would still . resource development or manpower train­ . (Page 34 please) have to be produced. Every region should ing and re-training. OCTOBER-DECEMBER19~~1 in focus

Editor's notes: From 1972 to 1974, the Philippine Social Science Council conducted a series of summer training programs aimed at developing the research and teaching competencies of institutions throughout the country. These training programs were attended by faculty members of the different institutions and universities invited by the PSSC. After the training, these faculty mem­ bers returned to their home institutions and set up or continued their own research centers. From the outset of the training program, it wasforeseen that the final result would be, not merely a number ofresearch centers scattered throughout the country, but a potential network of about 25 research staffs similarly trained and following the samehigh­ quality research norms and procedures. In May 1974, the PSSCand the research trainees agreed to activate that relationship, forming what is now known as the PSSC Research Network. Starting with this issue, the PSSC Social Science Information will feature research centers affiliated with the Network. Wehave decided to feature three centers per issue, one center from each of the three major regions of the country. For this issue, we feature the Research Institute for Mindanao Culture, the Leyte-Samar Research Center, and the SPCT Office for Research and Development (Tuguegarao, Cagayan). The Research Institute for Mindanao Culture

Heavy migration to Mindanao since partrnent of Sociology and Anthropology The Mindanao Center for Population 1945 has produced a new cosmopolitanism and the Department of Economics, although Studies, a subdivision of the Institute, and a hybrid vigor. New ideas get a more it has also undertaken research work with annually carries out a survey of two major ready hearing than in more traditional and a number of other University entities. Philippine regions. These include the long-settled areas of the Philippines. Senior staff of the Institute include at following provinces of Region I'J (the. Chances for rapid development in Min­ present Rev. Francis C. Madigan, S.J., Southern Tagalog Region): Palawan, Rom­ danao are very promising in a number of Ph.D., Director; Alejandro N. Herrin, blon, Occidental and Oriental Mindoro, localities. Ph.D., Deputy Director; Alfonso C. del Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Xavier University (The Ateneo de Ca­ Fierro, Jr., Ph.D.; Michael A. Costelo, and Aurora. They also include the pro­ gayan) was founded in 1933 to assist the Ph. D.; Marilou Palabrica-Costelo, Ph.D.; vinces of North Mindanao (R~gion X): people of Mindanao in the task of deve­ Mrs. Teresa B. Almonte, Ph.D. Candi­ Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukid­ lopment, the development of their po­ date, M.A.; Mrs. Magdalena C. Cabara­ non, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misa­ tential. The Research Institute for Min­ ban, Ph.D. Candidate, M.A.; Miss Imelda mis Oriental, and Surigao del Norte, Data danao Culture, first called The Social G. Pagtulon-an, M.A. Candidate; Miss Uta is gathered which will permit estimation of Science Research Institute (until 1961), C. Palma, M.A. Candidate; Miss Uta C. regional fertility and mortality levels, was inaugurated for similar reasons, in Palma, M.A. Candidate; and Mrs. Marilou both at the regional level and at the seven­ 1957. G. Tabor, M.A. Candidate. Dr. Amanda regional level which includes 28,000 house­ The University launched in the 1950's Te, Vice-Chairperson, Department of Eco­ holds. Besides the two regions covened by what was the only agricultural college in nomics, while not a staff member, maintains the RIMCU, Central Luzon, Metropolitan the world operated by the Jesuit Fathers. a close relationship with the Institute. Manila, Bikol, Western Visayas, and South­ It started what has now become a flourish­ Senior staff members of the Institute eastern Mindanao are the Philippine re- ing credit union movement. It maintains generally also have a joint appointment to teams of full-time extension workers in teach in the academic departments of the field. Its Southeast Asian Rural Social sociology-anthropology and of economics. Leadership Institute (SEARSOLlN) trains The Department of Sociology and Anthro­ rural leaders for work in East and South pology offers a Ph.D. in Sociology and an Asia. The Research Institute for Mindanao M.A. in Sociology with specializations Culture can be more readily understood in (a) General Sociology, (b) Rural Socio­ in this context. It has been given the func­ logy, (c) Demography, and (d) Population tion of carrying out such basic and applied Studies. The Department of Economics research as would contribute to the deve­ offers an M.A. in Economics. lopment of the southern Philippines and Completed and on-going research of the Philippines in general. From the beginning, "development" has been under­ A complete listing of completed and stood at the Institute in the broad sense to on-going research projects of the Insti­ cover both population and sociocultural tute would be tedious and out of place in aspects of developmental issues. a short descriptive article. Instead a short The Institute is the research arm of the sampling of research projects undertaken The lnstitute has been conducting train­ Division of Social Science of the Univer­ by the Institute is provided as a concrete ing programs for government officials. Pho­ sity. It has been however, most closely exemplification of the orientation of the to shows one of the sessions with the affiliated in its undertakings with the De- Institute. Institute director. :...

12/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TlON

I together into an irrigation project. Owner­ farmers constituted 26 percent of this I number, while landlords not farming them­ I selves added 26 percent, or 52 percent: owners in all. If part tenant-part owner' tenure is added, one may say that 67 percent of all operators were owners. The remaining 33 percent were tenants. This I study found that the ALiSA project had raised income levels of all classes of farmer i~ households and that each of these classes or categories was enjoying a higher stan­ dard of living and particularly of nutri­ j tion. The ALiSA project should not be confused with any of the governmental I The statistics laboratory of the Research Institute for Mindanao Culture. projects such as Masagana 99. The ALiSA I project was completely private in origin (originating with the farmers themselves) gions covered by the consortium which the previous City water system and of the I and in execution. carries out these surveys (U.P. , The Popu­ present water system. Principal points of lation Institute, the Office of Population interest are waterbone diseases such as Some other projects planned or recent· I Studies, University of San Carlos, The Da­ amoebiasis and other gastro-intestinal in­ ly carried out in RIMCUare the following: vao Action and Information Center, and of fections or invasions. Also of interest are a study of low-skill, working women in course the RIMCU). Altogether 63 percent the number of days spent sick, the height Cagayan de Oro (factory workers, shop of the Philippine population resides in and weight of children of specified ages girls, waitresses, and domestic helpers). these seven regions. The surveys also gather by social and income classes, and the Comparison showed that factory workers a considerable amount of material relating effect of the new water system upon water are better off in most economic, sociolo­ to the prevalence of family planning dependent businesses (restaurants, bottling gical, and sociopsychological variables than practice in the Philippines. works, laundries, car washes, etc.l the shop girls, the waitresses, and the do­ mestic helpers. Their standard of living, The'MCPS also currently carries out a Another Institute Research of some level of job satisfaction, and general feel­ dual record study of 25,000 persons in interest may be the ALiSA Study. This ings of happiness were rated at higher the ten western municipalities of Cagayan studied the impact upon social and eco­ levels. Another study proposes to investi- de Oro where a large rural service electri­ nomic life of the households of 82 farmers '(Pleaseturn to page 33) city cooperative is located. This study who had associated their' 75 hectares ~ .~ .....,.,.-~- attempts to apply the very accurate dual I I record methodology for collecting data on ,I i vital events at an extremely modest cost I figure ($20,000). The broader RIMCU iscurrently engaged in several studies of rural electrification as a developmental infrastructure in an attempt to find the socio-cultural pheno­ mena associated with rural cooperative electricity. Among the more interesting of these phenomena are change in household income levels, increased employment, change in occupational categories by per­ centages, and increased participation of women in the labor force. Attention is also given to possible associationqf such changes with change in level of fertility. RIMCU is also engaged in the study of the Cagayan water system, in attempts to measure the effects, and compare these, of Pictures at right show various survey interviews conducted by the Institute's staff in northern Mindanao. Leyte-8amar Research Center university to establish an organized re­ granting financial and material assistance search body. to research proponents for studies support­ ive to instructions as the mainstreams of Right now, the thrust of the Leyte­ The Leyte-Samar Research Center based Samar Research Center is to create a university services. Studies on university at the Divine Word University in Tacloban capable and active intra-university re­ expansion and diversification program in is another affiliate of the PSSC Research search network. This thrust is motivated answer to regional needs are also support­ Network. It is one of six research centers mainly by the growing needs of govern­ ed by this program. Also onder this prog­ under the Network situated in the Visayas g~aduate ment and the private sector for more ram are case study writing and region. multi-disciplinary basic or applied re­ and undergraduate research studies. Research activities at the Divine Word searches. The university is also working The Data Bank Plan aims to create a University started as early as 1973 in the along this line to give relevance and qua­ central ized data of past and current re­ form of textbook writing. Later activities lity on the learning services it offers to search materials. expanded into different departments the Leyte-Samar people. The Linkages, Funding Grants and through the initiative of Fr. Leonardo N. Ultimately, the university hopes that Funded Researchers Program aims to Mercado who was then Vice-President for by extending its services through the re­ promote linkages through agency, visits, Academic Affairs, Fr. Raymond Quetchen­ gional activities it can contribute greatly bach, then director of the Leyte-Samar The current objectives of the univer­ to the economic development of the Research Center and Fr. Samuel J. Yap, sity are focused on making capable re­ region, in particular, and of the country, Vice-President for Finance and Adminis­ searchers out of the universitv faculty in general. tration. Research activities during this members. Targeted output is the active period included the Research Council Among the programs of the Research participation of research teams on a maxi­ which encouraged more individual and Center are the Research Awards, the Data mum of four school-funded researches scholarly work on various fields and Bank Plan, and the Linkages, Funding and another outside-qrant-funded research­ affiliation or membersbip of the DWU Grants and the Funded Researcher's es. Research Center with national research Program. The Research Center is headed by Fr. agencies. This was the first attempt of the The Research Awards Program includes Leonardo Mercado, DWU president.

SPCT Office for Research and Development guidilnce program, a study on the manpo­ The Office for Research and Deve­ conducted significant studies to identify wer requirements for the achievement of lopment of the St. Paul College of Tugue­ Northern Luzon's needs, problems and development goals of Region II and the garao is one of nine research centers affi­ resources. preparation of the situational analvsis for liated with the PSSC Research Network the school's five-year development plan. Most recent research studies include a located in Luzon outside Metro Manila. Projected activities are the development survey on households of three nearby of the faculty program and that of the The research office was established on barrios of Tuguegarao on their needs, placement program. the assumption that researches on the problems and resources in order to aid in needs, problems and resources of people the planning of the college's YCAP project. The Office for Research and Develop- I precede development. Established in the Current activities include the creation of a merit is headed by Mrs. Lourdes Romero early '70s, the research office has since data bank, an evaluation' of the school's assisted by two staff members. subscribe to the SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

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PSSC CENTRAL SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE House No.7, Purok Aguinaldo University of the Philippines Dillman, Quezon City 14/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION pssc a~tivities i

New Board members, officers Ledivina V. Carino (public administra­ Philippine History Committees. for CY 1980 tion), Corazon Alma de Leon (social Criteria: Organization, clarity of presen­ work), and Ricardo G. Abad (sociology). tation, depth of analysis, and interdiscip­ In its first meeting for CY 1980 held linary significance,' i.e., utility of the re­ January 22, 1980, the PSSC Executive PSSC annual awards search to related disciplines, substantive Board elected the following officers for content, and method. _ CY 1980: Wilfrido V. Villacorta, chairman; In line with PSSC's policy to maintain 2. For Best DRAP Project to be awarded Mahar K. Mangahas, vice-chairman; and and even upgrade the quality of researches in the name of the Fund for Assistance!to Corazon Alma de Leon, secretary-treasu­ being conducted under the Council's grant Private Education (FAPE): rer. programs, it was decided that awards for Committee.' A current member and Earlier, the ten-member PSSC Executive "Best ..." categories will be given start­ four past members of the PSSC Research Council, 'PSSC's governing body, in its ing 1979. The awards will be given in the Committee annual meeting held Dec. 14, 1979 elected following categories: Criteria.' Organization, clarity of presen­ eight new members to the Executive Board 1. The Best Research Project from tation, depth of analysis, and interdiscip­ for CY 1980. The seven new members among the Modern Philippine History linary significance. are: Ernesto Pernia (demography), Mahar Program, National Survey Program, Re­ 3. For Best Journal to be awardedl in K. Mangahas (economics), Domingo C. search Integration Program, and the the name of the National Science Deve­ Salita (geography), Gregorio Borlaza (his­ Special Projects Program. lopment Board (NSDB) tory), Andrew B. Gonzalez, F.S.C. (linguis­ 2. The Best Research Project under the tics), Virgilio G. Enriquez (psychology), Committee: The Chairman of the PSSC Discretionary Research Awards Program Publications Committee and selected per­ and Burton T. Onate (statistics). The (DRAP) sons who are not members of the Commit­ eighth new member, Juan Francisco, repre­ 3. The Best Journal from among the tee and who are not actively involvedl in senting the discipline of anthropology, journals of the PSSC regular member the publication of the journals replaces Jesucita L. G. Sodusta who is associations. Criteria: Up-to-dateness, quality of the now based in Singapore (Institute of 4. The Best Research Center in the articles, and editorial excellence Southeast Asian Studies) and who has an PSSC Research Network. unexpired term of one year. 4. For Best Research Center to be There will be cash award and a plaque The PSSC Executive Board has 15 awarded in the name of Ford Foundation members. Thirteen represent the social for each category. Committee.' PSSC Institutional Develop­ science disciplines served by PSSC. The Awarding rites have been scheduled for ment Committee other two members are the Executive May 1980. Criteria.' Input: a) the ability to recruit Director, Loretta Makasiar Sicat and the In the meantime, several committees and retain its research staff within a mini­ immediate past chairman, Vicente R. have been assigned to set the criteria for mum period of two years; b) continued Jayme. the selection of the awardees. operation since the establishment of the Members are elected on a staggered basis PSSC Research Network in 1974; c) the with an annual turn-over of one-half of the These committees and the criteria are: ability to find funding for its projects, membership. They hold office for two 1. For Best Research Project to be apart from PSSC's support; and d) the consecutive years without immediate re­ awarded in the name of the National Eco­ ability to establish linkages with otlner election. nomic and Development Authority. institutions. The hold-over members of the Board Committee.' The PSSC Executive Direc­ Output: the quantity and quality of are: Raul R. Ingles (communications), tor and selected persons who are not mem­ research that were conducted during the Wilfrido V. Villacorta (political science), ' bers of the PSSC Research and Modern year. editorial .. Iipinos from the basic rights will also help determine priorities. tors which contribute to program success or failure. In turn, an emphasis on explanation, rather than description, Building a ressarch infresrructure, providing released time compels the scholar to test existing (and sometimes competing) for established scholars, and sstting up a researr:h agenda are theories, modify research techniques, and develop new ones three avenues one may take in fostering quality social science to fit the Philippine experience. Finally, collaboration with research. Such avenues also make social science research respon­ program managers and planners forces social scientists to deal sive to the Philippine situation. Thus, when the PSSC, sometime with manipulable variables which action agents can handle. Very in year 2000, hands out awards for the best research work, the little is known about the process of research utilization in the best research center, or the btIst journal, it will still pay tribute Philippine setting. Buta more vigorous effort to searrh for eppro­ to quality research. But at that time, given improved conditions, priate models will lead, one hopes, to a better explanation of the quality will be more remarkable, and judges will have a applied social change and to a better understanding of the fae- tougher time naming the winners. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 11979/15 •

New PSSC regular and' assistance to PSSC's member associations Pishit" .associate members in the conduct of their local conferences, 3. Rebecca T. Ducusin, Innovations seminars, workshops, lecture series acti­ for Technology, SEAMEO: "Philippine The application for regular member­ vities, and such other similar activities. Council for Print Media: A Case Study (Its ship to the PSSC of the Ugnayang Pang­ Role in Upgrading the Print Media)" 1. Statistical Center, University of the aghamtao .(UGAT) or the Anthropolo­ 4. Lucia Tan-Fernandez, University of Philippines: Supplementary fund for its gical Association of the Philippines has San Carlos: "Catholic Aid Centers in Cebu 25th anniversary celebration ;- Seminar been approved by the PSSC Executive City: Their Relevance to Nationali Deve­ on the topic "Statistical Methods as Council in its annual meeting held lopment" Dec. 14, 1979. Applied to Categorical Data" 5. Vicente C. Galeza, Bukidnon State This brings to 11 the ·total number of Travel and Study Award: Provides mi­ College: "Research on Indigenous Folk regular members of the Council. The nimal supplementary travel funds for • Songs of Bukidnon" others are: Linguistic Society of the social scientists who are invited to at­ 6. Lydia M. leo, University of Pangasi­ Philippines (LSP). Philippine Association tend and/ or read papers at conferences nan: "A Critical Analysis of the Panqasi­ of Social Workers (PASW). Philippine and symposia abroad. nan Cancionan: A Folk Debate in Song" Economic Society (PES). Philippine Geo­ 1. Raul P. de Guzman, UP College of 7. Dulcinea R. Laforteza, University of graphical Society (PGS). Philippine Na­ Public Administration: To attend two in­ the Philippines at Los Banos: "Factors tional Historical Society (PNHS). Philip­ ternational conferences on "Improving Influencing the Survival or Discontinuance pine Political Science Association (PPSA), Public Management and Performance on of Community Newspapers" Philippine Society for Public Adminis­ Administrative Sciences" held in Washing­ 8. Divina H. Macalinao, Farm Systems tration (PSPA), Philippine Sociological ton D.C., Sept. 30-0ct. 4 and in Speyer, Development Corporation: "Manage- Society (PSS), Philippine Statistical Asso­ West Germany, Oct. 10, 1979. -ment of Labor Unions: A Systems Ap~ ciation (PSA), and the Psychological poach" Association of the Philippines (PAP). 2. Dominador Z. Rosell, Philippine 9. EIizabeth Marasigan: "Sex and the Use At the same time, the Executive Coun­ Geographical Society: To attend the 150th of Language among Filipino Teachers" cil also accepted the following organiza­ anniversary celebration of the Royal 10. Arlene M. Matocifios, Ateneo de tions to serve as associate members of the Geographical Society of London to be Manila University: "Validation of the PSSC: held on June 9 and 10, 1980. Pilipino Language Proficiency Test for College Freshmen" 1. American Studies Association of the 3. Nievelena V. Rosete, UP· College of 11. Remedios V. Nartea, University of Philippines Public Administration: To attend the UNIDa Seminar on Public Enterprises the Philippines at Los Banos: "Developing 2. AUF Research and Planning Center, at Lgublana, Yugoslavia held Oct. 1-15, and Standardizing an English Proficien­ Angeles University Foundation 1979 and to visit institutes of public cy Test" For Fourth Year High School Stu­ 3. Dansalan Research Center, Dansalan dents of Agricultural Schools" College administration and finance at the United 12. Ma. Theresa D. M. Vitug, University 4. International Institute for Rural States and the University of Southern of the Philippines: "The Suki Relationship" Reconstruction California. .. 5. Language Study Center, Philippine Discretionary Research Awards Prog­ 4th NRCP-PSSC joint symposium Normal College ram: To provide local social scientists The Angeles University Foundation 6. Levte-Samar Research Center, Divine with supplementary research funds to (AUF) served as the venue of the recently­ Word University of Tacloban enable them to complete ongoing pro­ concluded 4th NRCP-PSSC joint sympo­ I 7. Office for Research and Develop­ jects. sium on "Research Dissemination in the ment, St. Paul College of Tuguegarao I 1. Basilio Balajadia, De La Salle Uni­ Social Sciences." Held Dec. 15, 1979, the I 8. Philippine Psychology Research and versity: Spirit Possession Cults in Metro symposium was co-sponsored by the Divi­ Training House (PPRTH). University of Manila sion of Social Sciences of the National Re­ the Philippines I 2. Martha C. F. Chanco: "The Ibaloi search Council, AUF, and PSSC. 9. Research Center, Philippine Christian i University 10. Research Center, Philippine Normal I Needed: EDITORIAL ASSISTANT College 11. Research Institute for Mindanao The PSSC needs an Editorial Assistant. The person we are looking for should be a I Culture, Xavier University college graduate; preferably a major in journalism or masscommunication; with know­ There are now 15 associate members of ledge ofpublication and printing work; willing to go on field work; and between the ages PSSC. of 21 and 25. Interested applicants may report to the PSSC Office, House No.7, Purok Agpinal­ I New grantees do, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

Conference Awards: Provides financial

f I6/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION annual reports: PSSC MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS

REGULAR MEMBERS

LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF THE PHILIP­ PINES

The Linguistic Society of the Philippines (LSP) sponsored seven lectures in 1979. Most of these lectures were in bilingual education th inking in the Philippines while one was in lexicography. LSP con­ tinues to help administer the consortium for the Ph. D. in Linguistics and in Bi­ lingual Education in cooperation with the Philippine Normal College, the Ateneo de Manila University and the De La Salle Uni­ versity. The Philippine Journal of Linguistics (PJL) published only one volume due to lack of funds. The 1979 issue is now in press. The PSSC Annual Meeting was held at the Seminar Room of the Asian PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC SOCIETY Institute of Tourism on December 14, 1979. It was presided by Mr. Vicente Javme, chairman of the PSSC Executive The Philippine Economic Society (PES) Board. The meeting was attended by the held its annual meeting in the first week of incumbent Board members, the Execu­ December. Ten papers were read during the tive Council, and the representatives of meeting. It also hosted the annuaL confe­ the PSSC associate members. (see photos). rence of the Federation of ASEAN Econo­ mic Associations (FAEA) which moves the site of its annual meeting around the ASEAN region. FAEA had a very success­ ful meeting this year compared to last year's meeting in Kuala Lumpur. PES also sponsored a lecture series as well as a two-day workshop on the new international economic order. The Philippine Economic Journal, the society's official publication, managed to come out with two issues while a third issue will be off the press by the end of the year.

PHILIPPINE GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

The Philippine Geographical Society graphy and Environmental Education." December 1979. With the Journal, the (PGS) held its annual convention January Quite a number of papers were read. Society has been able to achieve its ob­ 25, 1979 in conjunction with the Philippine The Philippine Geographical Journal, jective of providing geographical informa­ Association for the Advancement of the society's official publication, has tion. However, it is regretful to say that Science. The cooperating organizations published the four issues of 1978 and the reception of the Philippine Geographical were the PSSC and the University Physi­ three issues of 1979 on time. The fourth Journal is only 25 percent in the country cian Services, Inc. The theme was "Goo- issue for 1979 will come out by the end of and 75 percent abroad. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/17

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HISTORICAL There was also a training institute country among the 32 institutions offering SOCIETY conducted last summer which was held in courses at the undergraduate, masteral Vigan, 1I000s Sur. Dr. Loretta Makasiar and doctoral levels. The survey was started Members of the Philippine National Sicat, the PPSA representative, noted that in 1978 and completed in 1979. Historical Society have been actively en­ PSSC played a significant role in this ins­ PSPA also sponsored a series of semi.. gaged in research work on local history. titute because funding, which came from nars which, taken as a whole, was really a Three of their studies were presented the Fund for Assistance to Private Edu­ refresher course for those teaching pub­ and discussed in the national conference on cation (FAPE), was coursed through the lic administration courses in the schools local history which was held in Silliman Council. It should be recalled that FAPE in Metro Manila. Held in late May and October 18-20, 1979. has made a decision that any assistance it early June, the seminar series was co­ gives to any of the national social science The conference had sessions on oral sponsored by the Centro Escolar Univer­ associations will have to be coursed history, the teaching of local history and sity, University of Santo Tomas, Lyceum through the PSSC, perhaps a way of l the collection and arch iving of local histo­ of the Philippines, Philippine Women's showing recognition to PSSC's worth and ry. university, De La Salle University, and giving strength to the Council. the Ateneo de Manila University. The Society has made representations PPSA also sponsored luncheons and with the historical group and the indivi­ One problem of the society is that of symposia featuring visiting academicians dual historians in Moscow and Khazaks­ delimiting the membership because prac­ and professors, who were mostly Americans tan in Central Asia and the Soviet Union tically any government official is qualified. so that in a number of occasions, these and in the United States especially those At the moment, the society is focusing its were conducted in cooperation with the specializing in local history and Philippine membership to those teaching the discip­ American Studies Association of the Philip­ history. line. pines. The Society was represented in the In­ Efforts are now focused on improving The association also participated in the ternational Editorial Advisory Board of the the methods of teaching public adminis­ 11th World Congress of the International International Journal of World History tration. PSPA has started a series on Political Science Association held in published in the United States. It is also refresher courses and distribution of teacher Moscow in September. It was represented represented in the Editorial Board of the training materials. In the next year or so, by Dr. Ledivina V. Carino who presented a newly-organized Philippine Association for it would be moving in the direction of the paper and Dr. Loretta Makasiar Sicat who Military History. development of teaching training materials served as a member of the Asian Study in the field cf public management. The Journal of History has published up Group and the Asian Regional Advisory to its 1977 volume. The 1978 and 1979 Committee. PSPA is currently working out the issues are now ready for publication. arrangements so that the society could The last issue of the Philippine Politi­ co-publish the Philippine Journal for cal Science Journal that the association PHILIPPINE POLITICAL SCIENCE Public Administration, a journal which is could come up with is the issue for the ASSOCIATION presently being published by the UP Colleg.e first half of 1978 precisely because of of Public Administration. lack of funds. In fact, this last issue has In the past year, the Philippine Politi­ not yet been paid for. cal Science Association (PPSA) decided to PHILIPPINE SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY go regional. It was able, with support from The members of the association conti­ the National Science Development Board nue to be active in research activities and The Philippine Sociological Society (NSDB), to hold four regional conferences in their teaching functions. (PSS) held a series of roving lectures in: . this year. The first was held in Mindanao, cooperation with PSSC and with four: followed by one in Western Visayas (Iloilo), PHILIPPINE SOCIETY FOR schools in Manila offering sociolbgy as a, another in Eastern Visayas (Leyte) and the PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION major. The theme was "Directions in se-. fourth in Northern Luzon (Baguiol. In ciology." The lecture series changed ve-: each of these, the participants included not When the Philippine Society for Public nue and lecturers. The schools that coope-i only the academicians and practitioners of Administration (PSPA) directed its efforts rated were the University of the East,: political science but also people who were during the last few months of 1979 to­ Asian Social Institute, De La Sal.le Univer..: in some way connected with government. wards improving the teaching of public ad­ sity and the University of Santo Tomasi People from the regional divisions of the ministration in the different schools in the The objective, aside from serving as a government participated. In fact, where country, it has moved in the direction of forum of discussion on sociology issues regional associations were set up as in the organizing, in a sense, an association of and issues regarding teaching of sociolo­ Tacloban and Baguio conferences, the these schools which would form part of gy, was to foster closer understandinq officers did not only come from the aca­ the general Philippine Society for Public among the teachers and students of so- deme but also from the government. Administration. ciology. : A general conference followed towards The society conducted a survey on the PSS is planning. to hold a conventlen the end of the year. teaching of public administration in the . in January 1980 if the society could I8/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TION

obtain some funding. The theme for the on the theme "The Application of Western women's status, socioeconomic develop­ January conference is: "The Filipino Pea­ Models in Psychology and the Develop­ ment, population, and research utiliza-, sant in the Vortex of Development:' ment of Indigenous Approaches." In the tion. Twelve of the projects will be como, The Philippine Sociological Review, the same convention, subgroups were actively pleted by the end of March 1980 leavinq: association's official publication is al­ created and these groups are now planning four projects to be carried over to the next: most up-to-date although there is still a variety of activities for the coming year. fiscal year. Another four will be added as: a backlog for 1978, Numbers 3 and 4, These activities include, in connection with part of the 1980 set of research projects. accreditation, a survey project on the a combined issue, which is still in press. About 35 Visiting Research Associates: status of psychology graduates. For 1979, the first issue has been pub­ affiliated with the institute during the last: lished, Number 2 is in press, the third will The Philippine Journal of Psychology fiscal year. Twenty-three will completer be published in cooperation with the Min­ is just a year behind and hopes to be up­ their terms by March 1980. Before depart­ danao State University. A major problem dated by next year. ing for their home countries, these VRAsi of the journal, as in all other journals in present their preliminary research findingsi the social sciences, is that of funding. The PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF to IPC and non-IPC staff members for Another is the problem of soliciting arti­ SOCIAL WORKERS failed to send a review and testing. Copies of their works" cles from Filipinos since most articles are representative to the PSSC Annual Meeting. mostly doctoral dissertations,are kept inl submitted by Americans. No annual report of the association was the IPC library. submitted. Aided by a Ford Foundation lnstltu­ '. PHILIPPINE STATISTICAL There are three social science discip­ tion Building Fund, the institute was also ASSOCIATION lines that have either not yet been orga­ able to provide faculty and student re­ nized into an association (Demography) search support· as well as publication In July 1979, the Philippine Statistical or have been organized but still lack some funds. Seven faculty members of the! Association (PSA) held its annual confe­ of the requirements necessary to be regu­ Ateneo Dept. of Sociology and Anthro­ rence at the Central Bank. Around 150 to lar members of the Council (Anthropolo­ pology received small grants to under­ 200 members attended. Two papers were gy and Mass Communication). take small research activities and also, for presented - one by Dr. Tito Mijares in The Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao (UGAT) parttimers, supplement some of their sala­ collaboration with Dr. Elpidio Makanas or the Anthropological Association of the ries. Some funds are also being spent for' and the other by Dr. Jesus Alix which was Philippines which has a long-standing faculty development. Three prospective read by the Deputy Director of the Bureau application for regular membership to the faculty members received some grant to of Agricultural Economics. Council, was finally admitted at the end complete their doctoral dissertations The association also conducted training of the annual meeting upon the presenta­ abroad. These three will return to IPC to on statistical methods for their institu­ tion of the first issue of its journal. do research work and to teach at the tional members in October. It also spon­ Prof. Raul R. Ingles, discipline repre­ Dept. of Sociology-Anthropology. sored a similar training for the emplo­ sentative for communication, also presen­ About ten graduate students using the yees of the National Census and Statistics ted a brief report on the Philippine Asso­ Ford fund received living allowance stip­ Office (NCSO). ciation of Communication Educators ends to complete their thesis. Many ofl PSA members also participated in the (PACE). PACE was organized three years these students also got funds to conduct I: 42nd session of the International Statis­ ago and has as its president Dr. Nora research from PSSC. tical Institute which was held in Manila Quebral of the Department of Develop­ The same Ford funds were also used December 4-14, 1979. The session was ment Communication, University of the to assist a visiting Thai scholar doing a hosted by the Phi1ippine government Philippines at Los Banos. The association dissertation on communal irrigation and to through the National Economic and De­ holds its annual meeting in January of enhance the data processing capabilities of velopment Authority and the NCSO. every year. PACE has expressed interest selected IPC researchers: in affiliating with the Council and the only PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION thing that is holding the association in On publication, some of the Ford OF THE PHILIPPINES applying for membership is the fact that it funds were also used to publish the antho­ has not yet put up its own journal. The logy by Mary Hollnsteiner on Society, The Psychological Association of the matter will again be taken up in the annual Culture and the Filipino, to reprint John Philippines (PAP) held its first general meeting this January. McAndrew's "Andam-Mouswag: A Lesson membership meeting for the year in Feb­ Learned" from the Philippine Studies and ruary with Dr. Mariano Obias as lecturer. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS the printing of some brochures, In press are IPC Papers No. 14 on Rural Orqaniza­ PAP participated in the AASSREC tions and Development and also a revisit I Conference and in the National Popula­ INSTITUTE OF PHILIPPINE CULTURE paper on the Estancia community in Iloilo I " tion Welfare Congress by sending its repre­ (lPC Papers No.9). sentative. Also, the annual convention was The institute is currently conducting held in October at the Maryk.noll College 16 research projects on topics such as On the administrative side, a significan1t Philippine Social Science Council House No.7, Purok Hen. Aguinaldo, Unlverslty Qf the Philippines _' ," '-' ',.-. -' , -Dlllmari, Quezon"City \','" "",' Telephones: 97-26-71 • ,97-87~41:·.·97·60·61 '.;~LocaF735··:!" . .~ ( P.O. Box 655, Greenhills. Rizal 0-738

DEAR READER.

Thank you for reading this copy of the PSSC Social Science Information. We hope you find this .ne~s­ letter informative and challenging as we.aim it to be.. However, to keep it as a reqular and comprehensive 111­ ventory of information and a catalyst of discussion, 'Ive need your cooperation in. filling out the information sheet below. This form is a regular insert of this newsletter. It is intended to cover information on projects, re­ searches, publications, and other activities that occur within your institution a month beforeand two months after your receipt of this newsletter. Please fill out this form as completely as possible and mail to the above address. Thank you.

ACTING EDITOR

J ,; .' " ", !' • " DATA ON CORRESPONDENT

Date ......

Name of reader-correspondent .__ . ._ ..__ -__ --'---- .._.__ . . . _ .. ._._ . PROPER TITLE FIRST LAST MIDDLE

Profession ...."...... _. : . ,--.:-._..:.:__ .._'.'. _ Position ._...... "_. ...._.... ~.

Address ...... __ .... ----- ....------.....--- ....-..---- '" .. .. Tel. No. .._ ...... __

Name and address of institution affiliated with __ ...... __ ...... __ .....__ ...... __ ...... _

, PSSC NEWSGATHERING SHEET (Use additional sheets if necessary.)

, , .', . 1. ANNOUNCEMENTS (Seminars, symposia, conferences, special lecture series, meetings" [Indicate ·theme and, agenda with inclusive dat~s t~me: and locatio~.1J.Not~:--We consider the speec~!lecture_()t---::--r--.: _~ '~ ,_ ...f' ..------:------~rthy of publication. Hence, we ttve att~cne~~-eto a copy of hrs/her speech/ Illt~- ture for your evclUation., \

,I I I I I 2. RECENT PUBLICATIONS (Indicate title, author, editor, type of publication, number of pages, sponsor, a brief description of contest, price, where available, etc.) Note: We enclose herewith a copy of .. II .....-.--- .. .._....__ .. for your evaluation. You may extract or reprint part of this publication without I obligation. I I

" . .... ~ '.

3. UNPUBLISHED PAPERS (Theses, dissertations, term papers, discussion papers, monographs, etc. [Indi­ cate full title, date. type, author, sponsor, where it was/will be presented, where available, a brief des- cription of content, etc.]). Note: For your evaluation, we are enclosing herewith a copy of ..__ . .__ ...._...... which you may reprint without obltqatlon. _ , -

4. RESEARCH PROJECTS (Indicate title, and objective. project director, status [contemplated. ongoingl completed]. source of. fYI')c!.if!g •.date, ~~aff, etc.)._.'. 5. NEW COURSES/PROGRAMS· OFFERED (Indicate title and objecttve of program/course, date offered. subject matter, staff, name of institution, etc.)

6. FELLOWSHIPS/GRANTS GIVEN AND/OR RECEIVED (Indicate name of grantor, grantee, title of the award period covered, location, purpose, amount of grant, etc.I

7. DEPARTURES/ARRIVALS (Indicate name and designation, date, sponsor, length of stay abroad/here, destination, purpose, etc.)

8. PROMOTIONS OR ELECTIONS (Indicate name, previous and present designation, office, tenure, date of eleetlon/oath-taklnq, etc.)

9. NEW RECRUITS (Indicate name, designation, highest educational attainment, previous work, date re­ cruited, etc.)

10. OTHERS (Not covered by this information sheet)

11. FEATURE ARTICLES NEWS ITEMS (Editor's note: You may send us copy/ies of your institution/staff/ students' papers and/or interviews, personality profiles which you consider will be of interest to the gen­ eral readers of this newsletter. Publication of any article is to the discretion of the Editorial Board.

12. COMMENTS (Please feel free to give comment and/or recommendations regarding the contents and style of the PSSC Social Science Information.)

DEADLING FOR THE SUBMISSION SIGNATURE OF READER-CORRESPONDENT .~r:QF S,./~H~ET ITHJ.l~ r l',t I u. o' 1(~I1: ,1 .~, ~;';',Q ;;.-

DATE ... OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/1,9

development in IPC was the formation of With the Assistance of the Philippine­ Ateneo the consortium for the PI'I.D. in the IPC Board. The Board replaces the American Educational Foundation (PAEF), linguistics. In addition, there is also the IPC Policy Committee which in the past Angeles University was invited to send doctoral program in bilingual education in consisted largely of the chairpersons of the a lecturer to various universities in the Uni­ consortium with the Ateneo University and various social science departments in the ted States. Dr. Ricardo Galang, who repre­ De La Salle University. Ateneo University. The new Board has sented AUF in the annual meeting, dis­ The Center also takes part in seminars seven members which includes the IPC closed that he was one of those sent by the and workshops and this is mainly in ICOOPe­ director. Two of the members represent University. In the course of his lecture at ration with the Linguistic Society of the university administration, two represent the University of Tennessee, he made a Philippines. the university faculty and staff, and the proposal to include a section on Philippine The Language Study Center is also last two come from outside the univer­ Studies in their International Center Stud­ now a national curriculum development sity. ies. After some discussion on what should center under the Ministry of Education and be included in the proposed section, the Culture for the development of textbooks ANGELES UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Center authorities are now contempla­ in English and Pilipino communication RESEARCH AND PLANNING CENTER ting on inViting three Orientals who are arts for elementary and high school. specialists on Asian Studies. These three As a result of the survey on faculty professors will be there on rotation of one competencies wherein the Center partici­ PNC RESEARCH CENTER year each. pated, AUF discovered a few weaknesses among its social science teachers and has AMERICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATlqN The Research Center of the Philippine taken steps to make the necessary correc­ OF THE PHILIPPINES Normal College has at present six com­ tions especially in connection with the pleted research projects that are ready for teaching of Philippine history. For the year 1979, the American Stu­ publication. These research projects are: dies Association of the Philippines (ASAP) The Dept. of Social Science conducted 1) Problems of the unsatisfactory progress sponsored ten lecture-discussions led main­ a study on the course content of all so­ among PNC undergraduates by subject ly by American specialists in the fields of cial science subjects in order to effect some area; b) Study of PNC students with aca­ history, political science, popular culture kind of revision in the university's course demic problems; c) The efficiency and and language teaching. descriptions. The university is now ex­ scholastic attitude intelligence test predict­ periencing a shift of emphasis especially in The association also sponsored an in­ ing academic performance of First Year the delivery of the subject matter. A re­ ternational seminar.on "The U.S. and the students at PNC: d) The teaching profes­ examination of basic textbooks at the high Asian Th ird World." It has also publ ished sion as perceived by high school seniors in school level and EDPITAF textbooks at five numbers to date of Volume III of the Manila; e) Self-learning ability of grades the elementary level now being used in ASAP Newsletter. It has also come out one and two children at the PNC Laborato­ social science SUbjects indicated that there with Philippine Journal of American ry Elementary School; and f) How they Studies, Volume 1 No.1. have survived without schools: Case stu­ is a need for some revision in terms of con- ! dies of the out-of-school youths. tent. Two members of the Association have Also the AUF Research and Planning attended American Studies seminars in The Research Center is developing a Center has started a Data Bank. It now has Korea and Japan this year. non-formal education information sys­ a bank on population, history of each of tem in collaboration with the graduate ASAP is now on its third year after its the provinces of the region, history of some school specialization in non-formal edu­ revival in 1976.lt was originally established towns, principal economic pursuits and cation of the PNC. The project is now in in 1964 and was revitalized in 1976. As of socioeconomic problems and local its second year. November 1979, ASAP has 703 members. leadership in the areas. The only aspect of local life that has not yet been touched At the same time, the Center has also LANGUAGE STUDY CENTER, on so far is political leadership. launched a program of research dissemina­ PHILIPPINE NORMAL COLLEGE tion and utilization. The draft for the There are currently three ongoing re­ studies in child development using Piaget's search studies being conducted by the Cen­ The Language Study Center is a unit of theoretical framework is also being po­ ter. These researches are on the economic the Philippine Normal College that under­ lished for publication. effects on the daily lives of former tenant­ takes three functions: teaching, research For its linkages with other organiza­ lessees who have become independent and extension work. In terms of teaching, tions, the Research Center's staff mem­ farmer-owners by virtue of the agrarian the Center administers the graduate prog­ bers are working on the tryout of instruc­ reform law, the effect on the economic life ram in language teaching and Pilipino. To tional materials for the project on non­ of the Negritoes who had been trans­ date it has three specializations for the traditional roles of teachers which is ferred from the periphery of the Clark master's degree level and these are on being funded by the International Deve­ Air Base to another area around Pampanga, Pilipino linguistics, Pilipino language and lopment Research Centre with INNOTECH and a study in connection with the hospita­ literature, and language teaching. On the lity girls in Angeles City. doctoral level, it has been co-directing with (Page 25 please) 20/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TION

newsbriefs

PASW biennial conference LSP organizes English tance of Stephen laRocque, assistant cul­ tackles challenge for next decade teaching meet tural affairs officer of the United States International Communication Agency. Around 500 social workers from all over The Linguistic Society of the Philip­ the country convened recently for the 12th pines in cooperation with the Philippine Biennial Conference of the Philippine Association for Language Teaching, the PAPholds 16th convention Association of Social Workers (PASW) held cultural affairs office of the United States at the Pius XII Center, United Nations embassy in Manila and the Asia Founda­ "The Relevance of Western Psvchole­ Avenue, Manila. tion recently sponsored a seminar-work­ gical Concepts Applied in the Philippines The conference theme "Human Settle­ shop on "Updating English Teaching in and Indigenous Philippine Concepts" was ments: Social Work Challenge for the the Philippines." the theme of the Psychological Associa­ '80s" was chosen as an expression of the Held at the St. Paul College, Manila tion of the Philippines' (PAP) 16th annual social work profession's belief in the deve­ from Oct. 22 to 26, 1979, the seminar­ convention. This was held last October lopment of a partnership and a relationship workshop aimed to develop an overall 11-13, 1979 at the Maryknoll College of mutual assistance so that people and plan over the next few years for updating Auditorium. government could work together to meet the teaching of English in the Philippines Some of the topics discussed in the the basic needs of a human settlement. at different levels. The week-long work­ convention were "Filipino Values in shop was attended by over 100 participants This year's biennial conference aimed: Retrospect," "Relevance of Testing," "Psy­ from the Ministry of Education and a) "to provide a forum for social work chology and National Issues," "Beha­ Culture and from private agencies and ins­ practitioners and educators to identify viorism," and "The Client-Centered Ap­ titutions. issues and concerns related to meeting proach." Two professors from the University of human needs within the context of the The presidential address was deliveredl California, namely, Dr. Clifford H. Prator, government's human settlements strategy;" by Fr. Jaime Bulatao, S.J., PAP's lneornlng: a specialist in language education who has and b) "to formulate proposals outlining president. The speakers in the convention been associated with developments in how the profession through the PASW includes Dr. Lourdes Oulsurnbinq, Dr. Vir­ language teaching in the Philippines, and can contribute to the attainment of the gilio Enriquez, Dr. Mona Valisno, Dr. Patri­ Dr. Evelyn Hatch, a specialist in the national goal on human settlements with cia B. Licuanan, Dr. Lourdes Ignacio, psychology of language learning, served as particular focus on family and children, Thomas Dohm, Lucita Lazo, Amelou resource speakers. youth, depressed communities, handicap­ Reyes, Rita Mataragnon, Amaryllis Torres, In his keynote address, Dr. Prator ped and refugees. Rogelia Pe, Dr. Ma. Lourdes Carandang, stressed that there is a need for examining Rita Estrada, Imelda Villar, Concepcion promising new ideas in language teaching Diy, Merina Pasao and Lily Rosqueta­ PES hosts FAEA meeting with a little skepticism. He advised that Rosales. Rita Mataragnon, Lucita Lazo, educators should exercise "cautious op­ Dr. Patricia Licuanan, Dr. Lourdes Caran­ The Philippine Economic Society (PES) timism" in trying to solve the problems of dang and Dr. Natividad Munarriz served hosted the recently concluded Fourth language teaching. In advocating "cautious as moderators. Among the reactors were Meeting of the Federation of ASEAN Eco­ optimism" Dr. Prator named five innova­ Fr. Bulatao, Edwin Decenteceo, Dr. Alfredo nomic Associations (FAEA) held at the tions and these are: a) English for special Lagmay and Dr. Natividad Munarriz. Manila Mandarin Hotel, Dec. 6-8, 1979. purposes (or English for science and Dr. Lourdes Quisumbing, in her discus­ This year's conference had two themes technology); b) a functional syllabus for sion on "Filipino Values and Development" as agreed upon in the 1978 Kuala Lumpur English instruction; c) error analysis; emphasized that psychologists "are studying meeting. These themes were: "Asean and d) minimized time spent in teaching pro­ an everchanging reality. The challenge to International Economic Relations" and nunciation; and e) the order of language us psychologists, is to keep up with these "Unemployment, Manpower Planning, and learning. changes." She added that "people are the Basic Needs in ASEAN: Country and Re­ The week-long seminar-workshop fea­ most important factor in development." gional Perspectives tured lectures by Dr. Prator and Dr. Hatch Fr. Bulatao, in his address, noted the The Conference was attended by repre­ in the mornings and panel discussions and following felt needs of the Philippines sentatives of the member associations of workshops in the afternoons. today: FAEA namely the Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Convenors of the conference were 1. The breakdown of the educational Indonesia, Persatuan Ekonomi Malaysia, Dr. Bonifacio P. Sibayan and Bro. Andrew system Philippine Economic Society, Economic B. Gonzalez, FSC, president and executive 2. Graft and corruption in the govern­ Society of Singapore, and Economic So­ secretary respectively of the Linguistic ment ciety of Thailand. Society of the Philippines, with the assis- 3. The poverty gap .... OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/21

4. Breakdown of the traditional family four groups. The first group which was goals such as decreased fertility of working as a result of rapid social change coordinated by the PSSC through its women and profitability of rural-based pro- . 5. Overpopulation Executive Director Loretta Makasiar Sicat duction as a deterrent to urbanization and 6. lack of self-understanding amid discussed "Research on socioeconomic and migration. foreign films and TV demographic interrelationships." The two­ 4. To evaluate in the Third Congress the day workshop of the groupi' was ably specific effects of resolutions passed in the Fr. BLilatao reiterated that "a Philippine chaired by Asst. Minister Hosita L. Fonde­ First and Second Congresses. psychology must first of all be relevant. villa of the Ministry of Social Services It must respond to these felt needs." He and Development who acted as chairperson added that "its concepts must reflect the in the absence of Dr. Sicat. UNESCO-Philippines hosts Filipino experience. Its skills must be utili­ The second group discussed "Research IYC conference • zable to satisfy society's needs . . . It on demographic levels, patterns and trends" must give self-understanding." According and was chaired by Dr. Mercedes B. Con­ The needs of children in the Philippines to Fr. Bulatao, "psychology to be relevant cepcion, dean of the UP Population Ins­ served as the main focus of discussion in must make the Filipino able to explain titute. the 11th Biennial Conference for the Inter­ himself to himself, integrated and one Group III focused on "Program-oriented national Year of the Child. Held Dec. with his fellowmen." The PAP, according research" where discussions centered on 17-18, 1979 at the Philippine International to him, is dedicated to the creation of researches concerned with the improve­ Convention Center, the conference was such psychology. ment of the work of implementing: bodies sponsored by the UNESCO National Com­ in the national population proqram.cThis mission of the Philippines in cooperation workshop was chaired by Dr. Gloria D. with the Council for the Welfare of Child­ PSS roving lecture Feliciano, dean of the UP Institute of ren and the National Economic and Deve­ Mass Communication. lopment Authority. The third in the series of roving lectures The fourth group discussed "Research The keynote address was delivered by of the Philippine Sociological Society was on contraceptive technology" which co­ Mrs. Vicente Paterno for Mrs. Imelda held November 21, 1978 at the Pablo vered researches on technological innova­ Romualdez Marcos whose tal k centered Nicolas Hall, De la Salle University. tions in population including the intro­ mainly on the recognition of the import­ lecturer was Dr. Aprodicio laquian, duction of new technical ideas, materials ance of serving the needs of children mow visiting professor at De La Salle Univer­ and processes. It was chaired by Dr. Glo­ and in the future. sity and at the UP College of Public Admi­ ria T. Aragon, dean of the UP College of nistration. He spoke on "Recent Trends Medicine. Atty. Ester de Jesus-Amor, executive in Teaching Social Sciences in the Third . The workshop groups met in a gene­ director of the Council for the Welfare of World: Relevance to Philippine Education". ral session and submitted their recommen­ Children, presented an overview of the dations to the Congress. The following situation of children in the Philippinesand Dr. laquian recently arrived from Cana­ are the. recommendations of the workshop cited findings conducted under the "Study da where he served with the International group in socioeconomic and demographic on the Situation of Children in the Philip­ Development Research Centre. Prior to his interrelationships. pines." The study served as the spring­ IDRC position, he was connected with the board for the discussion and assessmemt of United ·Nations where he became project 1. To reexamine Filipino values and adopt those that would effectively· pro­ policies and program direction by the four director of the Social Science Development workshop groups convened for the con­ project in Nairobi, Kenya. Dr. laquian is mote self-rei iant socio-economic develop­ ment that would enhance family planning ference, namely: education and culture, best known for his researches and lectures natural sciences, social sciences and mass on slums and squatters in Metro Manila. and population welfare. 2. To emphasize the importance and media. Discussions focussed on problem role of local government· leaders and civic reduction of infant mortality, illiteracy, 2nd National Population workers in coordinating and implementing delinquency, and disability. Welfare Congress the national population program and re­ The UNESCO National Commission commend adequate support for such, ln meets every two years to review national The recently-concluded Second National line with this, it is recommended that issues in the areas of education and culture, Population Welfare Congress focused dis­ maximum involvement and cooperation of natural sciences, social sciences, andl com­ cussions on the results and implications of the frontline workers, local leaders, volun­ munications and media. "The review and completed population-related research. teers, and recipients should be strengthened evaluation of the needs of the country in Held Nov. 26-27, 1979 at the Philippine in the delivery process. these areas of concern pave the way to International Convention Center, this year's 3. To recommend increased government action-oriented development activities and III" Congress had for its theme "People Parti­ support for the establishment and develop­ formulation of specific proposals which cipation in Planning for Population Wel­ ment of small scale industries particularly will be implemented through existing fare." in rural areas to the effect that their demo­ government and non-government structures The Second Congress was divided into graphic effects tend to enhance population for serving the people." 22/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TION

TWS program now formal ASAP, PAEF sponsor seminar be obtained at the same office. Past issues unit of UP-CAS on US and the Sian Third World include a wide range of articles dealing with the Filipino cultural and historical The Third World Studies Program was The American Studies Association of past as well as contemporary Philippine granted official status as a formal unit of the Philippines (ASAP) and the Philippine­ issues and problems. the College of Arts and Sciences, Univer­ American Educational Foundation (PAEF) sity of the Philippines by the University co-sponsored an international seminar on Ateneo puts out history book on Board of Regents on March 29, 1979. "The United States and the Asian Third popular movements The lWS Program is a response to the World" on December 7·9, 1979 at the need for a program of studies and research Club Solviento, los Banos, laguna. that critically analyzes and confronts the The seminar was conducted a) to exa­ The Ateneo de Manila University Press problems of underdevelopment of the mine the relationship between the United recently published a new and highly sig­ people and nations of the Third World, of States and the Asian Third World in its nificant book on nineteenth-eentury po­ the Philippines, in particular. The setting social, scientific, political and economic pular movements. A pioneering work in up of a TWS Program was endorsed by the aspects, with special stress on questions of Philippine historical writing, Pasyon and CAS faculty. Thereafter, CAS Dean Fran­ interest to Asia in the 198Os; b) to assess Revolution: Population Movements in the cisco Nemenzo, Jr. appointed Prof. this relationship in terms of evolving Philippines, 1840-1910, seeks to interpret .. Randolf David of the department of so­ policies on both sides, with particular popuiar movements from the viewpoint ciology to head a committee to lay the emphasis on current problems and future of the masses themselves. It is therefore un­ groundwork for the establishment of the possibil ities; c) to identify new means by like earlier historical writings that are based program. which the interdependence of the US and largely on the Filipino educated elite's per­ The lWS aims: 1) to contribute to the the Asian Third World can be made mani­ ception of meaning. intelligent discussion of Philippine society; fest and ways in which governments might Authored by Dr. Reynaldo Clemena 2) to encourage students and faculty mem­ be encouraged to develop greater sensiti­ lIeto, the book makes use not only of bers to take an active interest in the imme­ vity to each other's needs; and d) to deter­ standard documents but also of such pre­ diate problems confronting Philippine so­ mine the role that academics and other viously ignored sources as folk songs, ciety; 3) to support individuals, groups and intellectuals may play in this process. institutions that work to liberate the poems, and religious traditions. One of About 30 participants attended the people from the constraints of Third World its main conclusions is that the pasyon, international seminar. existence in the international order; 4) to or the native account of Christ's life and provide a base for the formation in the death, provided the cultural framework University of a responsible and critical of the movements for change. consciousness that will reflect on existing PHILIPPINE STUDIES has special Pasyon and Revolution analyzes the realities and examine such rellities in the issue on the child various attempts by the masses to trans­ light of attainable social orders; 5) to form the world in their own terms - Apo­ serve as a forum for the debate and dis­ Philippine Studies, scholarly quarterly Iinario de la Cruz's Cofradia de San Jose; cussion of national and international of the Ateneo de Manila and published by Andres Bonifacio's Katipunan, Macario issues; 6) to contribute a global dlrnen­ its University Press, commemorates the Sakay's Katipunan, Felipe Salvador's Santa sion to courses in General Education; and International Year of the Child (lYC) in Iglesia, the Colorum Society, and other 7) to serve as a resource center. its fourth-quarter issue for 1979. popular movements during the Spanish, The lWS has the following functions: Included as special articles are: "As­ revolutionary, and American colonial pe­ 1) it undertakes empirical and theoretical pects of Child Rearing in an Urban low­ riods. . studies on the various problems of under­ Income Community," by Dr. Patricia B. development in the Third World; 2) it or­ licuanan; "The Filipino Child in the ganizes and sponsors seminars, workshops, Family: A Developmental-Clinical Ap­ YOU'RE ALL INVITED lecture-forums and discussion groups; 3) it proach," by Dr. Ma. lourdes Arellano­ to submit articles for possible publication undertakes the accumulation of important Carandang; "Observations on the Filipino in the PSSC Social Science Information. reading materials; and 4) it publishes and Child and His Art," by Ms. Alice A. Articles should have an inter-disciplinary disseminates research papers, essays and Panares; and "Coping and Motivational thrust with topics of national significance. articles. Patterns of Children in Poverty Areas:' They should be typewritten, double-spaced The lWS staff is headed by Prof. by Ms. Teresita N..Naval. on regular bond paper, from 20-30 pages. Randolf S. David of the department of Copies of the current issue and subs­ Please send your articles to the PSSC sociology as Program Director. Prof. Elsa criptions are available at the Ateneo de SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION, P. Jurado of the department of Political Manila University Press, loyola Heights House No.7, Purok Aguinaldo, University Science is the deputy-director. The TWS Campus, Quezon City. Back issues of of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Program maintains a Research, Publications Philippine Studies, one of the longest or to P.O. Box 655, Greenhills, San Juan, and Library staff. continuing journals since 195_3, may also Metro Manila. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/23.: ... I

seminarsJ workshopsJ conferences

The Philippine Organizing Commission remarks were rendered by Dean Raul P. The Department of Sociology and. of the Asian Congress for Human Deve­ de Guzman of the UP College of Public Anthropology of the Ateneo de. Manila: lopment held the opening ceremony of the Administration. Among those who partici­ University in cooperation with the National ; First Asian Congress for Human Develop­ pated in the conference were UP Vice Pre­ Museum, conducted a field school in ment at the Rigodon Ballroom of the sident Oscar M. Alfonso, Dr. Manuel S. Pre-Historic Archaeology. The field school Manila Peninsula Hotel, October 23, 1979. Alba and Dr. Loretta Makasiar Sicat. was held in Penablanca, Caga\lan last Keynote speaker was Dr. Frans Seda May 4-31,1979. Six undergraduate students former Finance . Minister of Indonesia The Philippine Business for Social participated, most of whom are majors in sociology and anthropology. They were " and former Indonesian ambassador to Progress (PBSPj launched its Small Indus­ .1 Belgium. Dr. Seda spoke on "The Challenge try Program (SIP) with a talk at the Makati Alejandro Almendral, Xavier Ma. Guerrero, of Economic Performance and Human Sports Club last September 28, 1979. Richard Ragodon, Ma. Lourdes Tison, Development." Under the SIP, PBSP choose replicable Cesar Toledo and Romanoff Sumilang. Miss Ma. Lorenza Dalupan served as The Dept of Sociology, UP College of. and worthwhile industries for funding and supervisory instructor. At the Lattue Caves Ar~ and Sciences sponsored a public con­ development to improve the socio-econo­ in Cagayan, the group excavated several ference November 22 to 24, 1979 on mic life of community groups in depressed sites. They found several sherds, fossils, "The Philippines: A Critical View of Public areas. The program aims to utilize the ex­ Policy and Issues." perience of PBSP in social and communi­ artifacts, bones and seeds. Some of these objects are being analvzed. Held at the UP Faculty Center Confer­ ty development and the successful appli­ Project support came from the Institute ence Hall, the conference featured sessions cation of management and technical ex­ of Philippine Culture and the Office of on urban land reform, rural land problem, pertise from member-companies to these labor, civil service and transport and mass industries. The Talk Shop was attended by the Dean,Ateneo de Manila University. communication. PBSP member-companies to share their *** *** ideas with other small industries. * *' * "The concept and nature of appropriate­ A Coordinating Conference on Policy The National Consultation of English technology" and "How to integrate appro­ Education and Research was held last in the Philippines was held last September priate technology to development! prog­ August 27-28, 1979. The first day was 13-14, 1979 at the Graduate Seminar ram" were the themes of a conference held at the UP College of Public Adminis­ Room, De La Salle University. Several held recently at the Ateneo Professional tration and the second day was held at the regional supervisors of English attended Schools in Makati. Government, private; Asian Institute of Tourism. The objectives the consultation. It was sponsored by the local and international agencies involved of the conference were to introduce Policy Ministry of Education and Culture. in social development assistance programs Studies Program to other units of the *** in the Philippines attended the conference. University of the Philippines to determine "Updating English Teaching in the It was sponsored by the Association of existing policy-orientations in their gra­ Philippines' Elementary and High Schools" Foundations with Ala-Ala Foundation as duate, undergraduate or training programs was the theme of the seminar sponsored by lead agency and the Philippine Business and research activities, and to explore the the MinistrY of Education and Culture. It for Social Progress as technical consultant. potential need for and areas of coordina­ was held last October 22-26, 1979 at the Among the topics discussed in the confer­ tion and collaboration in policy studies Health Auditorium, Philippine Normal ence were "A definition of appropriate through the Program or by other means. College. MEC supervisors of English and technology," "Guidelines on how to inte­ The keynote address was delivered by chairmen of various schools attended the grate technology in the program" and Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz while the closing seminar. "Other forms of technology." ***

New book on Philippine ment Research Centre) Research Fellow­ the rural youth. The final chapters deal on rural problems ship in 1976-1977. It is the answer to the such diverse topics as education, tech­ clamor for a book on Philippine society as nology transfer, internal migration, time as perceived by a "native". an element of development and reflections Gelia T. Castillo's Beyond Mam1a ­ The research-based book, Beyond Mani­ on rural development. Philippine Rural Problems in Perspective la's first chapters focus on inequality in The book is now available at the Central is now off the press. the Philippines, employment and income SUbscription Service, Philippine Social sources. The following chapters give a Science Council at House No.7, Purok An abridged but compact edition of vivid description of the Filipino farmer, Aguinaldo, U.P. Diliman or P.O. Box: 655 three volumes, the book is a result of Dr. the farmer's laborer, the Filipino family Greenhills, Metro Manila 3113 Philippines. Castillo's IORC (International Develop- and household, the Filipino woman and It costs P30.00 or US$10.00. social scientists on the move

Ma. Lourdes Bautista, director for Bienvenido Lumbera, professor of Pili­ trip was funded by the International Labor research and publications of De La Salle pino and Philippine literature at the Organization. After the Congress, 'Dean University (DLSU) was given an East­ University of the Philippines will serve as Dia visited the Institute of Social Studies West grant to attend the second session Asian Scholar-in-Residence at the Univer­ at The Hague, Netherlands, Ruskins College of the "Interpersonal Interaction in Plura­ sity of Hawaii 'effective Spring of 1980.. and Tavistock Institute in London, the listic Societies Conference" at the Chinese Dr. Lumbera's nomination for the position World Research Institute in Oslo, Norway, University of Hong Kong in mid-1979. As by Philippine Studies, Southeast Asian and the International Institute of Labour a member of the" East-West Center team Studies and Indo-Pacific Languages was Studies in Geneva. doing' a cross-cultural study on ethnic approved by the Fulbright Visiting Pro­ *** Jose C. ,Gatehalian, associate professor relations, she presented her data on ethnic fessor Program of the Council for Inter­ and coordinator of the Graduate Studies attitudes as obtained using the attribute national Exchange of Scholars. The prog­ Program, UP Asian Labor Education Center differential scale and the narrative tech­ ram is designed to enrich programs in (ALEC) represented the Center at the nloue. Asian studies and bring an Asian perspec­ Fourth Biennial General Conference of *** tive to course offerings in other fields. the Association of Development Research Robert Salazar, a faculty member of Scholars-in-Residence serve in a variety of and Training Institutes of Asia and the the Behavioral Sciences Department, De capacities such as lecturing, participating Pacific held at Seoul, 'Korea, October 8-13, La Salle University, attended a five-week in seminars, symposia and consultancy in conference on research and innovative 1979. curriculum development or research in *** projects in family planning at the East-West Asian studies in American universities. Peter Gowing, director 0.1 tlJl(j' Dansalan Center in Hawaii in mid-1979. ~...... • Dr. Lumbera has authored numerous Researc,\ Center, qtteJlded an international *** Aprodicio A Laquian, former project publications on Philippine literature and meeting j on "Ch;tstiltn Presense Among director of the Social Sciences Develop­ languages and is a leading literary critic Muslim Neighbors." This was held in ment Project (East Africa) and Associate in the Phillppjnes, Mombasa, Kenya last December 1-8, 1979. Director, Social Sciences and Human Re­ *** The World Council oH~urches sponsored Manuel Dia, dean of the UP Asian Labor sources of the International Development the meeting. Education Center attended the 5th World Research Centre, has joined De La Salle Congress of the International Industrial University as visiting professor in the Moctar Matuan is now a Senior Research Relations Association, University of Graduate School of Education and the Officer at the '.Oansalan Research Center. Dauphine, Paris, France. The Congress Behavioral Sciences Department. He also Prior to this, he was with the Ministry of was held from September 3 to 7,1979. His Public Information Region Office in serves as the director for international XII. projects of DLSU. Dr. Laquian obtained his Ph.D. in Political Science at the Mas­ sachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965. • *** Jose Javier Reyes, assistant professor at the DLSU Language and Literature Depart­ ment left recently for the United States to attend specialization courses in Indiana University in Bloomington. Professor Reyes' study leave is part of the doctoral enrichment program of the Fulbright­ Hays Foundation through the auspices PSSC Program Coordinator Pilar RamosJimenez participated in the Workshop on of the Philippine-American Educational Fertility Decision-Making held at the East-West Population Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Foundation. The workshop, held from Nov. 7-13, 1979 had the following principal functions: To ** *. review fertility decision-making and to discuss the construction ofan appropriate quest­ Fr. Leonardo Mercado, S.V.D. was ionnaire for the first round of interviews. It also aimed to discuss potential interests in elected president of the Divine Word Uni­ collaborative work on the topic. versity of Tacloban from 1979 to 1982. J The Workshop was coordinated by Dr. James A Palmore,Jr., E -W research associate I His term of office took effect last April 1, and Dr. Rodolfo A Bularao, East-West research fellow. 1979. Fr. Mercado is also the director of Photo above shows the participants of the Workshop namely (from left to right): the Leyte-Samar Research Center, an Dr. Palmore, Sarlito Wirawan (Indonesia), Tom Sun (Taiwan), Warren Miller (U.S.), affiliate of the PSSC Research Network. Nasra M. Shah (Pakistan), Paula Hollerbach (U.S.) Dr. Bulstso, Ms. Jimenez, Cynthia ** * Wong (East-West), and Susan Palmore (East-West). OCTOBER-DECEMBER 11979/25 .

Cotabato City. Associates of the Institute of Philippine sented the Cooperative Research Pnogram *** Culture, Ateneo de Manila University. findings in a meeting held at Fresh Air Fely Gargar recently joined the staff Hotel, Lucena City last September 12-13j ~he of the Dansalan Research Center. is Perla Q. Makil, IPC senior research 1979. This Was sponsored by the Institute now the Assistant to the: Director, for associate, was the resource speaker at of Philippine Culture. Among those who matters relating to the Maisie Van Vactor the 5th Course on Development Plan­ attended the meeting were: Florina tteto­ Collection,df, Islamic and Philippine Muslim ning and Skills Training on Development Dumlso of the Population Commission; Materials. " Mapping. This was held at Marisol Manor, Aurora Silayan-Go and Vic Valbuena of • ... '/4: *'* * Angeles City last August 1-25, 1979. the Population Center Foundation; Perla . Wilfredo' Arce, former chairman of The Ministry of Local Government and Sanchez and Victor Valenzuela of the Ateneo de Manila University's department Community Development, through its Institute of Maternal and Child Health; of sociology and anthropology, has exten­ I Bureau of Community Development, de­ Ora. Flora Bayan and Ora. Emma Robles I ded his term at the Institute of Southeast signed the course to provide the parti­ of the Ministry of Health, and Dr. RiCardo \ Asian Studies in Singapore for another I cipants with the competencies in plan­ G. Abad of the Institute of Philippine I ... two years. He· will return to Ateneo in I i ning, implementing and managing deve­ Culture. 1981. lopment plans, projects or activities in the .*** * ** rural areas. Participants to the course Ulrich Rausch, a Ph.D. candidate in Mary Hol/nsteiner, professor of sociolo­ were composed of 56 Municipal Deve­ Sociology at the University of Hamburg, gy and anthropology in the same universi­ West Germany spoke in a lecture sponsored ty, is still affiliated with UNICEF as a lopment Officers and Municipal Develop­ ment Coordinators from selected muni­ by the Institute of Philippine Culture) His senior adviser. lecture was on "Justice: Philippine Style." *** cipalities of the Visayas and Mindanao Three new faculty appointments were region. Dr. Makil discussed data process­ His dlscusslon focused on the existing legal made in the Ateneo de Manila department ing, data presentation, data analysis, in­ practices surrounding agrarian reform, dis­ of sociology and anthropology. Named as terpretation and projections. putes and the problems and constraints assistant professors were: Perla Q. Makil, ** *. met in the settlement of these disputes. Virginia A. Miralso and Romana O. de los Natividad Martinez-Esqui/lo, JPC re­ The lecture was held last August 31, 11979 Reyes, All three are also Senior Research search associate and project director, pre- at the IPC Conference Room.

ANNUAL REPORTS One of the Center's proposed activities seminar-workshop on the teaching of From page 19" for 1980 is a seminar--workshop tentative­ psychology and Pilipino held at Malolos. ly scheduled for February on "Contempo­ The other was a seminar of Pilipino world as the coordinating agency. This project rary Philippine Education: Problems and views held at the Institute of Small Scale will be completed ln June 1980. Perspectives." . Industries in May. The PPRTH also assist­ The Center also received a grant from ed in the conference held in Tacloban on iI PCARR to conduct a study on delivery PHILIPPINE PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH Sikolohiyang Pilipino. capabilities of public vocational, agricul. AND TRAINING HOUSE A forthcoming activity of the PPRTH is I tural, and fisheries schools which will be a special symposia to be held on February completed in March. For the year 1979, the Philippine Psy­ 16, 1980 on the politics of language which In cooperation with Dr. Bonifacio chology Research and Training House will feature several papers on graffiti and Sibayan, who is working on language and (PPRTH) _conducted a number of re­ sward spiel. identity, the Center is also analyzing the search projects. Among these are research data on the survey ''What school teachers on love-life aspirations of selected occupa­ all over the Philippines have to say about tional groups in Bicol, Benguet, and Que­ Interested research institu­ language and identity." zon provinces and a worldview research. To be started in 1980 is a Pilipino dictionary tions are encouraged to be­ Another ongoing research is a sub-study. of psychology. on learning disabilities funded by EDPI­ come associate members of TAF. The Center is conducting case stu­ PPRTH has two visiting research affi­ the Philippine Social Science dies of teacher-identified pupils who have liates. It has published a number of mono­ Council. Please get in touch learning disabilities. graphs and papers mainly for the Sikolo­ with the PSSC Program Coor­ hiyang Pilipino, Diwa, Dyomal sa Sikolo­ As part of the Staff Development dinator, Ms. Pilar Ramos Jime- hiya, Agham at Kulturang Pilipino. The r Program, some staff members were sent . nez for details. Proceedings of the Third Conference sa to the Third World Studies Seminar in UP Sikolohiyang Pilipino is now off the press. last October. The Center also assisted the PNC Graduate School in holding a seminar The Psychology Research House had for thesis advisers. two seminars this year. One was a training 26/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

information section

RESEARCH PROJECTS Documentation Research on the NIA-Ford Pilot Dayongdong. MSU. Ongoing. URe-MSU. Irrigation Projects in Camarines Sur. Jeanne Reported researches, contemplated, on­ Frances I. 1110. Institute of Philippine Cultura. Subano Culture in Transition. Consejo V. Laninal going, and completed for the period Ongoing. MSU. Completed. URC-MSU. October-December 1979. Dynamics of Maranao Institution. Jimmy V. The Family Planning Attitudes of the Maranao Balacuit, Teresita B. Barcenas and Samuel Leadership. Vickie V. F. Tolentino. Com. Entry format: Title of project/proposal. M. Briones. MSU. Ongoing. URC-MSU. pleted. International Development Research Project director/researcher. Home ins­ Centre/Southeast Asian Population Research • titution. Status of project. Funding Experiences in Funding and Development of Awards Program. Agribusiness Projects. PBSP Research and agency. Evaluation Unit. Completed. PBSP. The Language Problem of the Philippines. Boni­ facio P. Sibayan. Philippine Normal College. Status of project: Islamic Nationalism in the Philippines: Reflec­ Ongoing. Contemplated - - formal proposal tions for Socio-political Inquiry. Kenneth E. Bauzon. Duke University. Ongoing. drawn The Textile Industry and its Women workers: Ongoing - - preparatory activities The PhilippineStudy. Madeleine A. Sernbrsno Law in the Mobilization and Participatory Or­ and Cynthie C. Veneracion. Institute of after proposal is drawn to the stage ganization of the Rural Poor: The Kagawasan Philippine Culture. Completed. Japan Foun­ before the completion of the final Case. Richard Fernandez with the collabora­ dation. write-up tion of Augusto Caesar Espiritu, Merlyn Completed - - final write-up accom­ Magallona and Aquilino Pimentel. Institute of Philippine Culture and UP Law Centar. RECENT PUBLICATIONS plished. Completed. International Center for Law and Development, New York. A Preliminary Ethnographic Survey of the Reported recent publications for the pe­ Tala-Andig of Bukidnon-Agusan del Sur Learning Disabilities Related to Language. Boni­ riod October-December 1979. Boundary. Samuel M. Briones. Mindanao facio P. Sibayan. Philippine Normal College. State University (MSU). Completed. Univer­ Ongoing. Educational Development Task Entry format: Title. Author/Editor. Home sity Research Center, Mindanao State Uni­ Force, Ministry of Educetion and Culture institution. Type. Where published (j~ versity (URe-MSU). (EDPITAF-MEC). it is an article). Vol. No. Date. No. of A Study in the Maranao Consumption Behavior: Marine Fishing Communities: A Baseline Study. pages. Cost. Where available. Household Spending and Household Savings. Anicia Castillo assisted by Mila Tolentino. Medarda L. Naga. MSU. Completed. URe­ Institute of Philippine Culture. Completed. BOOKS/MONOG RAPHS MSU. Population Center Foundation.

Accreditation of Institutions of Higher Learn­ Muslim Land Tenure and.Management Systems A Primer on the Negritos of the Philippines. ing. Bonifacio P. Sibayan. Philippine Normal (Maranao and Maguindanao). Jesus M. Monte­ DaisY Y. Noval-Morales and James Monan. College. Ongoing. Philippine Association of mayor, Mamitu'a Saber, Federico Magdalena Philippine Business for Social Progress. State Universities and Colleges (PASUC). and Inocente Javier. University of the Philip­ Book. 1979. 393 pp. PBSP, 4th floor, Yutivo pines at Los Baf'los and Mindanao State Bldg., Dasmarif'las St., Binondo, Manila. Agro-Industrial Entrepreneurship Development University. Ongoing. National Science Deve­ A Social and Economic Study of Selected Muni­ for the Lanao Provinces. Federico V. Mag­ lopment Board. (NSDB). cipal Communities in Misamis Oriental, dalena. MSU. Ongoing. URC-MSU. Philippines. Alejandro N. Herrin, Miguel L. Non-traditional Role of Teachers: Preparation Fabello, Carmencita L. Fabello and Lita C. Attitudes of Contemporary Maranaos Toward of Teacher Training MaterialsIn-Service and Palma. Research Institute for Mindanao Polygyny. Teresita C. Ibarra. MSU. Ongoing. Pre-service. Bonifacio P. Sibayan. Philippine Culture. Monograph. URC-MSU. Normal College. Ongoing. International Deve­ Benefit Monitoring as a Component of Integra­ lopment Research Centre. Ottawa. ted Rural Area Development Project De­ Collection ofMinsupala Folktales. Sis. Ma. Delia sign. Burton T. Of'late. Asian Development Coronel. MSU. Ongoing. Regional Commis­ Philippine Education from 1900-1975. Bonifa­ Bank. Monograph. sion, Region XII. cio P. Sibayan. Philippine Normal College. Comparative Notes on Museum Exhibits in Ongoing. Singapore, Malaysia.Indonesia, Brunei, Macao Consolidation Study of Cooperative Projects. Sama Delaut of Zamboanga City: A Study of and the Philippines. Mamitua Saber and Dio­ Research and Evaluation Unit, Philippine their Culture, Change and Developments nisio Orellana. Mindanao State University. Business for Social Progress (PBSP). On­ with Emphasis on the Influence of the En­ Book. 177 PP. P6.00. University Research going. PBSP. vironment and Ethnic Neighbors. Mohemad Center, Mindanao State University, P.O. Box Kurais II:MSU. Completed. URC-MSU. 5594, lIigan City. Cultural Study of Muslim Ethnic Communities Declining Fertility: A 1977 Survey Study of in the Philippines. University of the Philip­ Some Factors Associated with the Socio-eco­ Fertility Levels and of Prevalence in 20,000 pines and National Computer Center. Ongoing. nomic Life of Farmers in Tamparan, Lanao Philippine' Households. Francis C. Madigan, Southem Philippines Development Authority. del Sur through Agricultural Education.T. S.J.-(ed.) et al. Research Institute for Minda- ... OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/27

nao Culture. Monograph. RIMCU, Xavier pine Studies. \01. 27. Fourth Quarter 1979. tion and Development Review; Vol.. V, No.1. University, Cagayan de Oro City 8401. Please rarer to joumallisting. March 1979. Please refer to journal listing. Dual Record Systems can be Inexpensive. Francis "Bilingual Education in the Philippines -Strate­ "The Filipino· and His Society in Philippine His­ C. Madigan, S.J. and Magdalena· Cabaraban. gy and Structure." Bonifacio P. Sibayan. tory: Some Personal Reflections:' Marcelino RIMCU. Monograph. RIMCU, Xavier Uni­ Philippine Normal College. Article. George­ A. Foron~a, Jr. De La Selle University. versity, CSgayan de Oro City 8401. town University Roundtable on Languageand Article. Pulong: A Research Forum. Vol. III Law in theMobilizationand Participatory Organi­ Linguistics. No.1. July 1979. Published by the Divine zation of the Rural Poor: The Kagawasan "Coping and Motivational Patterns of Children in Word University, Tacloban City. Case. Richard Fernandez, et al. Ateneo de Poverty Areas:' Teresita N. Naval. Ateneo de "The Filipino Child in the Family: A Develop­ Manila University. Monograph. 1979. Institute Manila University. Article. Philippine Studies. mental-elinical Approach:' Ma. Lourdes of Philippine Culture. Vol. 27. Fourth Quarter 1979. Please refer' Areltano-Carandanq. Ateneo de Manila Uni­ Low Skilled Working Women in Cagayan de Oro: to journal listing. versity. Article. Philippine Studies" 'viol. 27 A Comparative Study of Domestic "Small "Demographic History: An Approach to the Fourth Quarter 1979. Please refer to journal Scale" and Industrial Employment. Marilou Study of the Filipino Past:' Peter C. Smith. listing. • Costello and Michael Costello. Xavier Univer­ UP Population Institute. Article. Historio­ "The Filipinos in Hawaii.as Immigrants and En­ sity. 1979. RIMCU, Xavier University, Cagayan graphy: A Symposium. Yale University. trepreneurs:' Federico V. Magdalena. MSU. de Oro City 8401. Southeast Asia Studies. 1979. PP. 27-46. Small Industry Journal Vol. 10. October­ Marine Fishing Communities: A Baseline Study: "Ethnographic Survey of the Higlt'unon Tribe in December 1977. Please refer to journal Anicia P. Castillo and Milagros Tolentino. the Border Regions of Agusan, Bukidnon and listing. Institute of Philippine Culture. Monograph. Misamis OrientaL" Juan R. Francisco and "The Influence of Nationalism on Philippine Lan­ 1979. Institute of Philippine Culture. Angelo A. Bernardo. Philippine-American guage Planning:' Bonifacio P. Sibayan. Ar­ On the Nature of the Transition in the Value of Educational Foundation and Mindanao State ticle. Spectrum. (Essays presented to Sutar Children. Rodolfo A. Bulatao. East-West University. Article. URC Data Paper No. 1. Takdir Alisjahdana on his 70th birth­ Population Institute. Monograph. Printed University Research Center, Mindanao State day). 1978. University . under Papers of E-W Population Institute "The Manila Synodal Tradition: A Brief History." "Islamic Penetration in Mindanao and Sulu." entitled "Current Studies on the Value of John N. Schumacher, S. J. Ateneo de Manila Children." March 1979. 104 pp. Datumanong Sarangani. MSU. URC Reprint. University. Article. Philippine Sudies: Vol. Readings in Philippine Church History. Fr. John No.1. 1979. Please refer to journal listing. 27. Third Quarter 1979. Please refer to N. Schumacher, S.J. Loyola School of Theolo­ "Majority-Minority Situation in the Philippines:' journal listing. gy, Ateneo de Manila University. Book. 1979. Mamitua Saber. MSU. URC Reprint. No.2. "The Philippines' Tondo Foreshore - Fantastic 428 pp, P49.50/US$15 (clothbound); P38.50/ 1979. Please refer to journal listing. Success:' Article. The Urban Edge. Vol. 3 US$10 (paperbound). Available at the Cardi­ "Mobilizing the Rural Poor Through Communi­ No.7. July 1979. nal Bea Institute, P.O. Box 4082, Manila. ty Organization:' Mary R. Hollnsteiner. "Transition from the Demographic Transition: Society, Culture and the Filipino (Revised edi­ UNICEF. Article. Philippine Studies. Vol. Perspective from the Philippines:' Francis tion). Mary Racelis Hollnsteiner. Ateneo de 27. Third Quarter 1979. Please refer to journal C. Madigan. Australian National University. Manila University (on leavel. Textbook. 300 listing. Article. The Persistence of High Fertility. pp. P32 (newsprint); P52 (bookpaper). Avail­ "Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis of Philip­ 1977. able at the PSSC Central Subscription Ser­ pine Cities, 1960-1970." Federico V. Magda­ vice, House No.7, Purok Heneral Aguinaldo, lena. MSU. Developing Economics. Vol. XV. JOURNALS l University of the Philippines, Dilimen, Quezon June 1977. Please refer to journal listing. City. "Muslim-Christian Violence in the Philippines:' Asian Profile. Published by Asian Research The Distribution of Income and Wealth: A Sur­ Federico V. Magdalena. MSU. Asian Profile. Service, Hongkong. Write to the Univer· vey of Philippine Research. Mahar Manglt' Vol. V. October 1977. Please refer to journel sity ResearCh Center, Mindanao State Uni­ has end Bruno Barros. University of the listing. versity, P.O. Box 5594, IIigan City. Philippines. Monograph. July 1979. Pub­ "Observations on the Filipino Child and His Dansalan Quarterly. This quarterly replaces the lished by the Philippine Institute for Deve· Art." Alice A. Pai'lares. Ateneo de Manila four series of mimeographed publications lopment Studies (PIOS). University. Article. Philippine Studies. Vol. the Center has issued over the past few y,ears: The Filipino Clergy: Historical Studies and 27. Fourth Quarter. 1979. Occasional Papers, Research Bulletin, DRC Future Perspectives. Fr. John N. Schuma­ "Pagkataong Pilipino: Kahulugan at Pan!l~!Ilik­ Reports and Bibliographical Bulletin. Subs­ cher, S.J. Loyola School of Theology, Ateneo sik." Virgilio G. Enriquez. University· of criptions are P8.00·for domestic and 55.00 de Manila University. Monograph. 1979. 121 the Philippines. Article. Pulong: A Research for foreign. Address inquiries to the Editor, pp. P15/US$4. Available at the Cardinal Forum. Vol. III No.1 July 1979. Published Dansalan Quarterly, P.O. Box 5430, I,ligan Bea Institute, P.O. Box 4082, Manila. by the Divine Word University. Tacloban City. The Textile Industry and Its Women Workers: City. Demography. Vol. 13 No. 3 August 1976. The Philippine Study. Madeline A. Sernbra­ "Relationship Between the Value and Cost of Address all correspondence to the Research no and Cynthia C. Veneracion. Ateneo de Children and Fertility: Cross·Cultural Evi­ Institute for Mindanao Culture, Xavier Uni­ Manila University. Monograph. 1979. lnsti­ dence:' Rodolfo A. Bulatao. East-West versity, Cagayan de Oro City 8401. tute of Philippine Culture. Population Institute. Reprinted from ln­ Developing Economics. Published by the Insti­ ternational Population Conference, Mexico tute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, ARTICLES 1977. Vol. 1,1977. pp.141·156. Japan. "Report on Matching Procedures of A Dual Philippine Studies. Joseph l. Roche, S.J., ed. "A Synod Within a Quadricentennial." Pedro S. Record System in Southern Philippines:' Quarterly publication of the Atenao de Mani· de Achutegui, S.J. Ateneo de Manila Univer· Francis C. Madigan and H. Bradley Wells. la University. Vol. 27 Third Quarter 11979; sltv. Article. Philippine Studies. Vol. 27. Xavier University. Article. Demography. Vol. Vol. 27 Fourth Quarter 1979. Please send Third Quarter 1979. Please refer to journal 13 No.4. August 1976. Please refer to journal orders to Ateneo University Press, P.O. Box listing. listing. 154 Manila. "Aspects of Childrearing in an Urban Low-In­ "Rural Electrification and Fertility Change in Population and Development Review. V011. V. com!' Community." Patricia B. Licuanan. the Southern Philippines:' Alejandro N. No.1. March 1979. Address all correspon­ Ateneo de Manila University. Article. Philip- Herrin. Xavier University. Article. Popula- dence to the Research Institute for Minda- 28/PSSCSOClAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

nao Culture, Xavier University, Cagayan de 26, 1979. University of Kentucky. Program-oriented Research on Population IECI Oro City 8401. Cost-Effectiveness of Philippine Insurenc« Prog-. Motivated at UP-IMC: General Findings Saint Louis University Research Journal Pub­ 197~ and Suggestions. Cesar M. Mercado. UP lished by the Greduate School of Arts and rams (GSI8-SSS): A Simulotion Study 2000. Rosa Maria Priato. Thasls. UP Asian Institute of Mass Communication. Paper. Sciences, Saint ,Louis University. Felino L. Labor Education Center. 1979. Second Netional Population Welfare Lorente, ed. Saint Louis University. Vol. X Congress. Nov. 26-27, 1979. Popcom. PICi:C. No.2. June 1979. Subscription rate: P48.09/ Filipino Values on Famfly Life as Reflected in US $22.00. Single copies - P13,47/US $8.03. Philippine Print Advertisements: Implications Recent Patterns ofDifferential Fertility Ob­ SUbscription and purchase orders should be for Family Planning Communication. Paulina served in Northem Mindanao and their placed directly with the Business Dept., F. Bautista. UP Institute of Mass Communi­ Policy Implications. Francis C. Madigan, SLU Research Journal, P.O. Box 71, Baguio cetion. Paper. Second National Population S.J. Research Institute for Mindanao Culture, City 0216. Welfare Congress. Nov. 26-27, 1979. Popcom. Xavier University. Paper. Second National Small Industry Journal Write to the University PICC. Populetion Welfare Congress. Nov. 26-27, Research Center, Mindanao State Univer­ Hidden Organizations in the Rice Industry. 1979. Popcom. PICC. sity, P.O. Box 5594, lligan City. Fermina T. Rivere. Central Luzon State Recent Trends in Social Science Teaching in the URC Reprint. No.2, 1979.20 PP. P2.00. Write University. Paper. SEARCA Workshop on Third World Aprodicio Laquian. De La to Dr. M. Saber, University Research Center, Post-Harvest Research and Development Prog­ selle University. Paper. Seminar-Workshop Mindanao State University, P.O. Box 5594, ramme Technical Panel. Jan. 16-18, 1979. on Teaching Social Sciences: The Need for lligan City. Jakarta. Indonesia. Relevance and Innovation. August 17, 197:9. Implications of PCF Researches and Research De La Salle University. Utilization Findings on Population Program Small-Scale Industry Development Project: UNPUBLISHED PAPERS Operations and Management. Ma. Felicitas Economic and SocialImpact Analysis. trnesto A. Reyes. Population Center Foundation. M. Pernia. UP SChool of Economics. Paper. second National Population Welfare Reported unpublished papers for the Paper. &!cond National Population Welfare, Congress. Nov. 26-27,1979. Popcom. PICC. Congress. Nov. 26-27, 1979. Popcom. PICC. period October-December 1979. Language and Social Development in the Pacific Area. Andrew Gonzalez, F.S.C. De La Salla The BRAC 1967 Family Survey and After: Entry format: Title. Author. Home ins­ University. Paper. XIVth Pacific Science Trends in FP,KAP 196 7-1973.Perla a. Makil. Institute of Philippine Culture. Paper. Second titution. Nature of paper. Where pre­ Congress. August 2o.sept. 5, 1979. Khaba­ rovsk, USSR. National Population Welfare Congress. Nov. sented. Date. Sponsor. Venue. Language and Socio-economic Development 26-27, 1979. Popcom. PICC. Bonifacio P. Sibayan and Lorna Z. Segovia. A Comparative Study on the Activities of The Development of the Spanish Education Philippine Normal College. Paper. RELC, Relocated Low-Income WomelL Grace System in the Philippinesfrom 1565 to 1898. Singapore. April 1978. Dyrness. Ateneo de ManilaUniversity. Master's Justo G. Moro. Dissertation. Philippine Nor­ Mortality in the Philippines in the Early 1970's: thesis. Ateneo de Manila University. 1979. mal College. 1979. A Program for School Counsellors onAdolescents Preliminary Estimates. Fr. Wilhelm Flieger, Sexuality: Assessment Phase. Rosalinda S.V.D. University of San Carlos. The National Board of Education: A Historical Sanchez Castiglioni. Ateneo Dept. of Psycho­ Paper. second National Population Welfare Perspective. Vedasto G. Suarez. Dissertation. Congress. Nov. 26-27,1979. Popcorn. ?ICC. I. logy. Paper. second National Population Philippine Normal College. 1979. Population Research Based on National Censuses Welfare Congress. Nov. 26-27,1979. Commis­ The Social Rate of Return to HigherEducation I and Surveys. Tito A. Mijares. National Censua sion on Population (Popcom). Philippine In­ in the Philippines, 1979. Carmela P. Lustre. and Statistics Office. Paper. second Na­ ternational Convention Center (PICC). Thesis. UP Asian Labor Education Cente~. tional Population Welfare Congress. An Exploratory Study of Budget Surplus and 1979. Budget Deficit in IPC Projects 1972-1978: Nov. 26-27, 1979. Popeom. PICC. Predicting InterregionalMigration: Determinants \ An Inquiry into Research Planning and The State of Research on Demographic Levels; and Consequences. Arlyne G. de los Santos. 1 Management Nora S. Villanueva. Ateneo de Trends and Patterns. Prepared by the UP University of the Phlllpplnes. Paper. Second Manila University. M.A. thesis. Ateneo Uni­ Population Institute for the second Nih National Population Welfare Congress. Nov. versity. 1979. tional Population Welfare Congress. Nov. 26-27, 1979. Popcom. PICC. An Exploratory Study on Adaptation Res­ 26-27, 1979. Popcorn, PICC. ponses to Insecurity of Houselot Tenure in Program-oriented and other Researches of the Metropolitan Manila. Anicia Paglinauan Cas­ Institute ofPublicHealth. Amanda Valenzuela. Towards Muslim Development in the Mindanao., tillo. Ateneo de Manila University. Thesis. UP Institute of Public liealth. Paper. second Sulu Culture Area. Mamitua Seber. Paper.. Ateneo University. 1979. National Population Welfare Congress. Nov. 11th Annual Seminar on Mindanao-Sulul Action Implications [rom Program-Oriented 26-27,1979. Popcom. PICC. Culture. Central Mindanao University. Research at UPP/. John E. Laing. UP Popu­ letion Institute. Paper. second National Population Welfare Congress. Nov. 26-27, 1979. Popcom. PICC. Arch ipel invites contributors Aga Khan Museum: Repository of Cultural Heritage. Mamitua Saber. Mindanao State Philippine social scientists have been invited to contribute articles to the journal Achipel which publishes interdisciplinary studies on the Asian Third World. University. Paper. First National Conference on Local/Regional History. sept. 22-24, This invitation was extended by Archipel editor Dr. Denys Lombard who paid a visit to PSSC 1979. Xaviar University. together with his wife Dr. Claudine Salmon-Lo'mbard last January 8, 1980. Dr. and Mrs. Lombard' China and the UseofForce in International Rela­ met with PSSC Executive Director Dr. Loretta Makasiar Sicat to discuss matters regarding the social sciences in the Philippines. . tions. Kenneth E. Bauzon. Duke University. Paper. Southeast Regional Conference of the Interestedsoclal scientists may submit articles to Dr. Lombard 'through 'the Association Archi­ Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Jan, 25- pel, Bureau 732. E.H.S.S.S., 54 bd, Raspail, 75006 Paris, France. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/29 .... recent acquisitions

All publications listed here may be found at the PSSC Library, Impact. Vol. 14 No. 11. November 1979. House No.7; Purok Heneral Aguinaldo, University of the Philippines, Indian Council ofSocial Science Research Annual Report 1977-78. ICSSR, Dilimen, Quezon City. New Delhi, India. Indian Dissertation Abstracts. Published by the Indian Council of Social Archipelago. The international magazine of the Philippines. April 1979. Science Research and the Association of Indian Universities. ADOn: Asian and Worldwide Documents on Population Topics. Vol. 1 January -- March 1978. Vol. VI No.1. No.2 February 1979. Indian PlfJ'chologu:al Abstracts. "Social Psychology". Volume 12. Decem­ Annual Newsletter of the SCandinavian Institute of Asian Studies. ber 1977. No. 11/12. 1977-1978. Islamic Penetration in Mindanao and Sulu by Datumanong Sarangami. .. Asian and Pacific Population Programme News. Vol. 7 No.2 and No.3 URC reprints in the social sciences. University Research Center, 1978. Published by the Division of Population and Social Affairs, Mindanao State University. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Kina-adman. A journal jointly published by the Ateneo de Daveo; Ateneo Assignment Children. People, water and senitation. Published by the de Zamboenga and Xavier University. Vol. 1..1979. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNI­ Life Satisfaction in Crowded Urban Environments by Ying-Keung Chan.· CEF). Spring 1979. Social Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. BenefitMonitoring as a Component ofIntegrated RuralArea Development Occasional Paper No. 675. April 1978. Project Design by Burton T. Onate. September 1979. Majority-Minority Situation in the Philippines by Mamitua Saber. URC Bureaucratic Corruption in Nineteenth-Century China by Chongchor Lau reprints in the social sciences. University Research Center, Min­ and Rance P. L. Lee. Social Research Centre, The Chinese Univer­ danao State University. sity of Hongkong. Occasional Paper No. 79. 1978. Maranao. Edited by Mamitua saber and Abdullah T. Madale. 1975. Pub­ Canopy, Monthly publication of the Forest Research Institute. May 1979. lished by Solidaridad PUblishingHouse. CERES. FAO Review on Agriculture and Development. Vol. 12 No.2 Material and Non-Material Considerations in the Life Satisfaction of March-April 1979. Urban Residents in Hong Kong by Rence P. L Lee, Tak-sing Cheung Comparative Notes on Museum Exhibits (in Singapore, Malaysia, Indone­ and Yuet-wah Cheung. Social Research Centre, The Chinese Uni­ sia, Brunei, Macao, and the Philippines). Published by the University versity of Hong Kong. Occasional Paper No. 71. January 1978. Research Center, Mindanao Stete University. Mindanao Art and Culture. Number 1. "The Agamaniyag Folktales." Compass. No.3. October 1979. Newsletter of the Society for International University Research Center, Mindanao Stete University. Development. Dimensions Used in Perceiving Peer; Cross-Cultural Comparison ofHong Mindanao Journal: Published by the University Research Center, MSU. Kong, Japanese, American and Filipino University Students by' Vol. 1 No.1 - Vol. 1 No.4 1974-1975. Michael H. Bond, Social Centre, The Chinese University of Mindanao Journal: Vol. 1 Nos. 1-4, Vol. III Nos. 1-2. Published by the Hong Kong. Occasional Paper No. 77. University Research Center, Mindanao State University. I Economic Review. Official publication of the People's BAnk of Colombo, Neighborhood Associations in a New Town: The Mutual Aid Committees I Sri Lanka. Vol. 4 Nos. 10 and 11. January 1, February 1979. in Shatin. Social Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong .. Kong. Occasional Paper No. 76. August 1978. Bconomic Review. April!May 1979. A publication of the People's Benk of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Papers in Mindanao Ethnography. Date Paper No. 1 Ethnography series Bconomic Review. June/July 1979. People's Bank of Colombo, Sri Lenka. 1979. An occasional publication of the University Researchl Face Saving in Chinese Ollture: 4 Discussion and Experimental Study of Center, Mindanao State University. Hong Kong Studentr by Michael H. Bond and Peter W. H. Lee. PCARR Monitor. Vol. VII No. 10. October 1979. Published by the Social Rasearch Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research. January 1978. PCARR Monitor. Vol. VII No.4. April' 1979. Published by the Philip­ Family Planning, Fertility Decline and Family Size Preference in Hong pine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research. Kong: Some General Observations by Peter Ng. Social Research Philippine Abstracts. A quarterly classified summary of the latest Philip­ Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Occasional Paper pine publications in the field of science and its applications. Vol. 19 No. 70. January 1978. No.2,. June 1978. Published by the Scientific Library and Docu­ Family Sttuctures and Process in a New Industrial Town by Fai-Ming mentation Division, National Science Development Board. Wong. Social Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Public Housing Development and Population Movement: A Study of Kong. Occasional Paper No. 68. December 1977. Kwun Tong, Hong Kong by C. Y. Choi and Y. K. Chan. Social Forum. A journal for the teacher of English outside the United States. Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Occa­ Vol. XVII No.3. July 1979. sional Paper No. 72. January 1978. From Traditional Familism to Utilitarianistic Familism: The Metamor­ Risk, Uncertainty and Agricultural Development. Edited by James A. phosis of Familial Ethos Among the Hong Kong Chinese by Roumasset, Jean-Marc Bousserd, and Inderjit Singh. 1979. Lau Siu-Kai. Social Research Centre, The Chinese University of Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Re­ Hong Kong. Occasional Paper No. 78.1978. search in Agriculture and the Agricultural Development Council. Government Funding of Voluntary Social Research by John F. Jones. Scientific Reports - An Assessment of the Reliability of the Indonesian Social Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. • Fertility Survey Data. Number 3. October 1978. 1978. Seminar Report - The Role of Tourism in Social and Economic Deve­ High Density Effects in UrbaT} Hong Kong: What do we Know and What lopment of Sri Lanka. August 1978. Published by the Social Should We Do? by Rance P. L. Lee. Social Research Centre, The Science Research Centre, National Science Council of Sri lanka. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Occasional Paper No. 79. 1979. Senri Ethnological Studies. Miscellanea 1. Published by the National ICSSR Research Abstracts Quarterly. July.December 1977. Published Museum of Ethnology. 1979. by the Indian Council of Social Science Research. Sosyolohiya Panlahat Pokus SIl Pilipinas by Isabel S. Panoplo, Felicided Impact. Agrarian Reform and Rural Development in Asia. Volume 14. V. Cordero and Adelisa A. Raymundo. 1979. No.7. July 1979. (Pleaseturn to next page, bottom) 30/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCEINFORMATION \JI I \ announcements------IDRe's Population and Development Research Program The Population and Development Re­ d) The impact of rural development and the work is done. Research teams and reo search Program of the International Deve­ rural development programs on labour searchers from' different countries who lopment Research Centre is designed to force, population redistribution and may wish to./ carry out collaborative, assist developing countries undertake re­ fertility. cross-national -comparatlve research on search to expand understanding of popula­ e) Administrative and organizational stu­ a topic of regional interest are encouraged tion dynamics and policies. The program is dies of family planning programs, in­ to apply. Pre-project development responsive to research needs defined by de­ cluding their costs,effectiveness and workshop support may be' provided in veloping countries and the areas within how they are perceived by parents and select cases for collaborative projects. which financial support may be given are community leaders. Con'tribui:ions 'to knowledge: Priority is under continual review and subject to Criteria for Project Support give,n to res,~arch on topics on which rela­ change over time. The program operates as The 10 RC Board of Governors considers tively little 'is known, or on 'which know.. an integral part of a broader IDRC program ledge derived from research still falls far I project proposals in the light ofthefollowing i in support of social science research in criteria: short of needs of citizens, private organ­ j developing countries. National priority: Projects should re­ izations and government agenCies whcse Research areas I late to national policy issues in the area activities contribute to the development I process. I The Population and Development Re­ of population and development as recog­ search Program responds to requests which nized by local policy makers and re­ Geographic scope: IORC operates in all operate' within a continually evolving pro­ searchers. Research projects should de­ parts of the developing world, including Asia, Latin America, Africa, the Middle gram of work and budget. In the recent monstrate clear potential policy rele­ East and the Caribbean. There is no pre­ past the Population and Development vance. Research Program has supported the Utilization of local personnel and re­ determined budget allocated by region or research requests from developing coun­ sources: Preference is given to develop­ country. tries on several topics, including the Ing country scholars residing in the coun­ Research training: IORC seeks to en­ following: try where the research project is to be hance the potential of projects for train­ a) Population redistribution policies. Eva­ undertaken. Financial support for parti­ ing and increasing research capability at luation studies of transmigration, colo­ cipation of non-developing country both the individual and institutional levels nization, frontier settlement, "closed' scholars in projects can be provided, but in developing countries. city" programs, the costs of such prog­ typically only in instances where the Mode ofoperation rams, and their contribution to deve­ benefits of such involvement for local The principal mechanism for channel­ lopment goals. researchers can be demonstrated. ling IORC funds to research programs in b) The social, economic and cultural Rural emphasis: IORC gives priority developing countries is by means of grants determinants of fertility, studies of the to projects related to the problems of to specific projects. This usually implies value of children to parents, ethnic rural or marginal populatlonswho gene­ direct funding by IDRC to an established factors in marriage and birth plan­ rally have not benefited from technolo­ local institution (public or private) for a ning. gical progress to the same extent as urban given research project. The recipient ins­ c) SoCial, economic and cultural deter­ people. titution is expected to contribute a signifi­ minants of mortality (especially infant Regional applicability: The method· cant portion of the total cost. mortality), and the evaluation of social ology and the results of the proposed re­ On a smaller scale, IORC also funds and economic development policies search should be widely applicable in activities which are considered preparatory which may be used to improve health. the country and in the region where to the development of an eventual larger

Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences.Vol. 1 No.1 and No.2. June 1978 International Urban Liaison. and December 1978. Published by the Social Science Research The Urban Edge. Vol. 3 No.7. July 1979; Vol. 3 No.8. October 1979. Centre, National Science Council of Sri Lanka. Published by the Council for International Urban Liaison. The Asia Mail. November 1978. Utilitarianistic Familism: The Basis of Political Stability in Hong Kong The Development ofNew Towns in Hong Kong by Y. K. Chan. Social Re­ by Lau Sui-kai. Social Research Centre, The Chinese University search. Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Occasional of Hong Kong. Occasional Paper No. 74. 1978. Paper No. 67. December 1977. URC Reprints in the Social Sciences. Islamic Penetration in Mindanao The Socially Malnourished Children: An Anatomy of the selfImage and Sulu by Daturrlanong Di. A. Sarangani. ofa Student Population in Hong Kong by Tak-Sing Cheung. Social URC Reprints in the Social Sciences. "Majority-Minority Situation Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Occa­ in the Philippines" by Mamitua Saber. University Research sional Paper No. 73. March 1978. Center, Mindanao State University. The Social Sciences in the Man and the Biosphere Programme. Report World Fertility Survey: The Netherlands Survey on Fertility and Parent­ on seven seminars held in Asia. Published by the Unesco Re· hoodMotivation. 1975: A Summary ofFindings. No. 12. December search Centre, National Science Council of Sri Lanka. 1978. The Urban Edge. Vol. 3 No.5 May 1979. Published by the Council for OCTOBER:"'DECEMBER 1979/31 I I """"

project. These activities include seminars 6th Annual Summer Session Among the Southeast Asian studies or workshops, project identification meet· on Mindanao and Sulu cultures languages of award are llocano and Tagalog, ings, short·term consultancies, etc. two of the major Philippine dialects. The Sixth Annual Summer Session on Project developmentprocedures Mindanao and Sulu Cultures will be held at PSS now accepting new members a) Preliminary proposals and inquiries Dansalan College in Marawi City from should be submitted first. These may be April 14 to May 9, 1980. Sponsored by The Philippine Sociological Society is in the form of a letter or short docu­ the Dansalan Research Center in coopers­ accepting new members. ment, outlining the objectives, method· tion with the Graduate School of Xavier The PSS is a nonstock, nonprofit, ology, institutional affiliation of the University in Caqavan de Oro City, the private association of sociologists and investigators and an estimate of the Summer Session will focus on Muslim anthropologists. It is committed to budget being sought and local counter­ Filipinos. Six units of giad~ate credit will strengthening the profession of sociology part contribution. There are no fixed be given to qualified enrolees. The cost is and anthropology and to enhance the irn­ submission dates. Preliminary proposals P670.00, inclusive. pact of these professions to the deve· should be sent to the Social Sciences Further information may be obtained lopment of the nation. This program is Division of IORC in Ottawa, or to the from Dr. Peter Gowing, Director, Dansalan achieved through lectures, study groups, Social Sciences Division at the nearest Research Center, P.O. Box 5430, Iligan sernlners, and professional contact. It regional office. City. holds a National Convention to draw toqe­ b) Preliminary proposals and inquiries are ther professionals, students and develop­ reviewed by IDRC staff to determine Ateneo opens social science program ment planners/workers to discuss trends whether they fall into areas where the in Philippine sociology and anthropology Centre has expertise and program funds The Ateneo de Manila University will and issues vital to national development. to provide assistance. open a four-year program leading to the The Society also publishes the quarterly c) Based on the above steps, select appli­ Bachelor of Arts degree, major in social Philippine Sociological Review (PSRj., cants will be invited to submit a de· science. The program's required courses There are four types of membership to tailed proposal, including elements as are drawn from six disciplines namely: the Society, namely: regular, student, detailed by IDRC. sociology, anthropology, language, linguis­ honorary and benefactor membership. d) Proposals which have proceeded to the tics, history and political science. The Regular membership is open to: a) those stage of detailed project development electives may be drawn from such discip­ who have a Ph. D. or M.A. in sociology or will receive a summary of IORC's eva­ lines as communications, economics, psy­ anthropology; b) those who have reeeived luation of the proposal. chology and the humanities. A unifying an A.B. in sociology or anthropology and e) If the decision is made to support the factor in these courses lie in its approach, have devoted at least two years to graduate project, IDRC will commence prepara­ which is empirical, and from the subject study or to teaching, research or practice tion of the official grant letter. matter, which is the human being in in· of sociology or anthropology after receiving f) In those countries where national law teraction. A formal source of unity is the such degrees; c) those who have received or agreements between the government complimenting nature of the program's an M.A. in a related field, and have at and the IDRC so require, approval of two-fold theme: in one year, the theme is least devoted one year to teaching, research the research by appropriate government 'human unity and diversity; in the other, or practice in the field of sociology or an­ officials must be sought by the investi· human stability and change. thropology; d) the Charter members of the' gators themselves. Initial inquiries to For additional information, contact PSS; and e) those deemed acceptable by 10 RC may be made before such local the program coordinator, Dr. Emy Pasca­ the Board of Directors by reason of some government approval has been sought sio, Department of Language andLinquis­ special contribution to sociology or anthro­ or obtained. tics, Ateneo de Manila University, P.O. pology, social research or the promotion of Box 154, Manila. sociological and anthropological activities. 10 RC Offices: Registered undergraduate sociology or an­ Head Office: Social Sciences Division thropology students in residence at educa­ IDRC UH foreign language tional institutions who are sponsored by a Box 8500 and area studies fellowships member of the Society may be admitted. Ottawa, Ontario The Board of Directors, at its discre­ Canada KIG 3H9 The University of Hawaii announces the tion, may award honorary membership to availability of a limited number of Foreign deserving individuals. Those who give Regional Language and Area Studies (FLAS) fellow­ P100.00 or more to the Society in any Office, Social Sciences Division ships for academic year 1980·81. These given year are Benefactor members. ,IDRC fellowships are meant for graduate students As 'a member, one is entitled to partici­ Asia Regional Office pursuing modern languageand area studies pate in, the Societv's activities, receive Tanglin P.O. Box 101 programs in East and Southeast' Asian stu­ current issues of the' PSR .and with the Singapore 9124 dies. exception of student members, to partici- 32/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TION J I pate in the election of officers. Dues are POSITION OPEN P45.00/year for regular members and P35.00/year for student members. The International Institute for Rural Qualifications: Reconstruction (IIRR). is in immediate 1. Business Administration graduate, need of a RURAL iNDUSTRIES SPE­ preferably MBA or equivalent in experience United States Association CIALIST who will identify and evolve in the field of rural industries develop­ of Philippine Anthropologists rural industries scheme based on the ment. (USA~AN) organized people's know-how in promoting self- 2. Must have at least three years of operated and self-managed rural indus­ working experience in various types ef tries forthelr own benefit. rural industries or cottage industries and community development, particularly The United States Association of Philip­ Duties: pine Anthropologists (USAPAN) was . 1. Identifies and studies potential rural in rural areas. founded on December 1, 1979 in Cincinna­ industries for development in the IIRR so­ 3. Strong in community organization ti, Ohio, USA. It is a non-political and non­ cial laboratory in Cavite. and business development work with re­ sectarian organization of scholars on 2. Identifies external resources which search orientation. Philippine anthropology and related dis­ could be harnessed for rural industries 4. Proficient in oral and written com­ ciplines. Its fundamental aim is to enhance development. munication in English and Pilipino. scholarship on the Philippines and pro­ 3. Carries out feasibility analysis of 5. Good knowledge in social behavior mote effective and meaningful communi­ pr.~J~(:ts identified: social, economic, and and ability to get along with people at aU cation among its members. The 1980­ physical environment should be considered. levels. 1981 executive board of USAPAN: Chair­ 4. Formulates program action plans in 6. Must have social conscience. man: Mario D. Zamora (Asian Studies) coordination with Livelihood Group Chair­ Salary: Commensurate with qualifications. William and Mary; Members:James P. Har­ man and staff. dy (Overseas Anthropology) University of 5. Trains and supervise local people in Benefits: Free dormitory accommoda­ Guam; David Potter (Applied Anthropolo­ rural industries using People's School dations, transportation facilities, insur­ gy) Denison University; Enya Flores­ approach evolved at "R R. ance, above average cost of living allow­ Meiser (Ethnology) Ball State Univer­ 6. Reports regularly, documents and e­ ance, professional development, and sity; Charles P. Warren (Physical Anthro­ valuates projects carried out. others. pology) University of Illinois, Chicago Interested applicants may write to: Circle; Amparo B. Ojeda (Linguistics) Responsibility and authority,' The ··Rural Industries Specialist reports directly and is Loyola University; Edwin Almirol (Philip­ The Assistant to the Executive Director responsible and accountable to the liveli­ pine-American Anthropology) University International Institute of hood Group Chairman for development of California, Davis; Robert Lawless (In­ Rural Reconstruction and actualization of his plans and prog terdisciplinary Studies) University of Flori­ Silang, Cavite rams. da; and Karl Hutterer (Archaeology) Uni­ versity of Michigan. The USAPAN pub­ lished recently the maiden issue of the Usapan Newsletter. The editorial board is composed of: Mario D. Zamora, editor; RPFSfindings presented and analyzed David Potter, managing editor; James P. Hardy and Enya Flores-Meiser, associate The National Census and Statistics Of­ fulness for the national population pro­ editors. The newsletter is published in fice (NCSO), the University of the Philip­ gram. Winter,· Fall, and Spring. All Philippine pines Population Institute (UPPI), and the and Southeast Asian specialists in anthro­ Commission on Population (Popcom) joint­ Among the main findings of the RPFS pology are invited to join. The member­ ly conducted the National Seminar on Re­ are: ship fee and subscription to the USAPAN public of the Philippines Fertility Survey 1. From a completed family size of NEWSLETTER is $4.00 per year. For (RPFS) held at the Population Center about six children in 1970, the Filipino editorial and other matters, please write: Foundation, December 17 and 18, 1979. family is estimated to have dropped to Mario D. Zamora, Dept. of Anthropology, Dr. Tito A. Mijares, NCSO directory, five in 1977. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, presented the main findings of the RPFS 2. Filipinos have distinct preference for Virginia 23185, USA. For membership which were in turn evaluated and analyzed smaller families. and subscription write: Adeline Ngo, by population experts among whom were 3. Contraceptive awareness is extensive. Usapan Treasurer, c/o Dept. of Anthro­ Dr. Ansley Coale, Dr. Leon Tabah, and 4. Duration of breastfeeding was found pology, William and Mary, Williamsbrug, Dr. Mercedes B. Concepcion. 'Several to be the greatest influencing factor on Va. 23185, USA. Make checks or money other population experts analyzed the the length of the pregnancy interval be­ '! order payable to Usapan Newsletter. data in terms of the relevance and use- cause of its contraceptive effect. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979/33

lSI 42nd session held in Manila, TO OUR VALUED READER"S The 42nd session of the International Statistical Institute and its sections was held at the Philippine International Con­ we're doing our best to update vention Center (PICC) from December 4 to 14, 1979. your Journals" .. Hosted by the UP Statistical Center in conjunction with the National Eco­ nomic and Development Authority and thank you for bearing with us! the National Census and Statistics Office, the session deliberated on a number of journal of history topics on statistical methods, procedures and systems. It was attended by over a philippine economic journal hundred distinguished statisticians from all over the world. The paper presentors phil. geographical journal discussed the latest developments, trends and problems in statistics. phil. journal of linguistics Among the topics discussed were: "Statistical measurement of the economic phil. journal" of psychology gap at both the national and international phil. political science journal level;" "Problems relating to the integra­ tion of statistics;" "Application of statis­ phil. sociological review tical methods in policy making and law;" "Statistical ecology;' "Statistical programs social work in relation to agrarian reform and rural development;" and "Privacy and confi­ phil. statistician dentiality issues in surveys:'

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR of several research investigations. these now in process is a.study of the re­ liability of responses given by female heads MINDANAO CULTURE Family Planning has been the topic of of household and other respondents in Mi­ (Continued from page 121 numerous investigations beyond the Area samis Oriental. gate career choices of high school students Fertility Studies (and the Seven Province in CebuCity, Cagayan de Oro, rural Mi­ Surveys) already mentioned. The Model sarnls Oriental, and Camiguin Province. It City Population Project was evaluated, a inquires whether students from rural and performance evaluation of full-time OUT­ Publication and dissemination ofresults lower class homes have different educa­ REACH workers was carried out, a popu­ tional and occupational plans than those lation fact book of Misamis Oriental was The Research Institute has no journal from urban and/or middle and upper written and printed, and a socioeconomic or publication of its own. It circulates its' class homes. It also desires to inquire study of quality of life in the Naawan reports and monographs to a limited circle as to the existance of a disdain for manual Municipality was carried out to measure of about 80 institutions and individuals work among the various categories men­ the impact of developmental projects who are administratively or professional­ tioned. A third study just beginning will upon quality of life. A study of the social ly interested in the work that has been investigate patterns of residential segre­ and economic phenomena of selected carried on. In addition, it publishes! occa­ gation of the social classes in Cagayan. municipal . fishing communities in Misa­ sional books or articles either with the Others study the patterns of provincial mis Oriental is another type of project assistance of outside funding or' in pro­ ethic composition in the Philippines hom undertaken and completed. Various me­ fessional journals of the fields of inves­ 1948-1975, and fertility differences of thodological studies (such as dual record tigation, or on the basis of Institute of Filipino and Chinese residents of Caga­ applications, trials of Brass techniques, funding. Usually the latter are of limited yan de Oro. Differential migration to and usage of the Own Children method) copies and often these are mimeographed and from Cagayan has also been the subject are also undertaken occasionally. One of or offset. J4/PSSC SOCIAL SClENCr; INFORMATION .J

THE FILIPINO CLERGY AND THE REVOLUTION Continued from page8 groups saw the untenability of their position of American rule demands a new possible the financing and supplying of the position and accepted Bishops Dough­ look at many aspects of the Revolution. .guerrillas, as well as providing the inspira­ erty and Rooker on their arrival in 1903. It seems clear that one must speak not tion which kept the ordinary soldier loyal Their lay counterparts had submitted to only of the one national Revolution, but to the struggle against the Americans. the Americans when they saw the new go­ also of several revolutions within the There is considerable evidence to indicate vernment promised, if not independence, Revolution. Though nationalists in all that had the Malolos g~vernment's reli­ at least the means to come to it eventually, parts of the country gave their allegiance gious policy showed more consideratiom and meanwhile a substantial share in the to the Malolos government in 1898-1899, for the feelings and the consciences of the governing of the country. So too, perhaps, the character of the nationalist movement Filipino clergy, with their participation the clergy saw the main goals of their strug­ in different parts of the country differed the guerrilla resistance might have been gle -- the right to hold the parishes, and considerably at times from that which more widespread and more enduring, the end of the policy aimed at nullifying tended to dominate in Malolos, particu­ perhaps even to the point of making the Filipino c1ery - to have been achieved. larly in its religious character. Even at the war no longer politically profitable In the ecclesiastical order, however, the Malolos there were more varieties of for the Americans. trauma of the schism was' to lead to a re­ opinion among nationalists than is often These are only two considerations tOI action which would long delay the Filipi­ said, and it would appear that the imposi­ which the study of the role of the FiIi·· nization of the Church, even when political tion of what was essentially a minority pino clergy gives occasion. At least they independence had been achieved. To en­ religious policy did much to divide the should make clear that there is need of a danger the unity of the Church once more unity of Filipinos. broader base·from which to study the would seem to most priests too high a Outside the territory directly controlled nationalist movement of the 19th century price. by the Malolos government, where its and the Revolution. Too long has that religious policy alienating the clergy had study been colored by the stereotypes and New perspectives not been applied, the Filipino priests slogans which owe more to the preoccu­ proved to be one of the major forces pations and prejudices with which the The prominent role of the Filipino sustaining the struggle against the Amer­ national Revolution has been approached clergy in the entire nationalist move­ icans. Often at great personal cost, it was than to a thorough study of the vast ment from the days of Pelaez to the im- to a great extent the clergy who made documentation.

UPDATING THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH Continued from page 10 most crucial period for language learning cluded in the program should be a course motivation to improve oneself and to is situated. Incentives for teaching at in Reading Skills Building and English make fulfillment of these criteria a pre­ this levelshould be given. for Special Purposes. condition for promotion. This should be A coordinated and systematic testing The feasibility of double majors (Eng­ tied in with the proposed performance . program for measuring language achieve­ lish and Science/Mathematics) should be appraisal system of MEC. Under this ment should be reinstated, together with a explored so that at the Elementary level scheme, self-improvement becomes the system of supervision of classroom teach­ at Iljast, English teachers would likewise sole responsibility of the individual teacher. ing and a predictable plan of classroom be able to teach Science and Mathematics Research should be undertaken on the visitations. Again, this will be possible competently. optimal time for an effective trainlr-t only if language supervisors are not bur­ For in-service training, special classes session. In general, the effectiveness of dened with other administrative jobs for teachers to build up their competence two to three-day 'echo' seminars devoted having nothing to do with language teach­ in English should be organized; the train­ to the building of skills is doubtful; in ing. ing should include Oral Expression and fact available studies and research con­ u Conversational English, Reading Compre­ firm this. Smaller groups over a longer '( Training and re-training hension, Spelling and Penmanship, Rhe­ period at the local level might be more I torical Writing, Concepts in Language effective. Initiativ.es at the school and The pre-service teacher training prog­ Learning, Science and Mathematics. The district level should be encouraged: ram should screen English majors for difficulty and expense of organizing pro­ monthly workshops in the local school, language ability. The curriculum should longed training sessions of this type is after-class training sessions during the include personal language-building skills recognized, however. week, etc. (Oral English, Reading, Writing, Scien­ An alternative system would be to A long-term retrainlng"plan at all levels tific and Mathematical Concepts). ln- provide criteria for promotion and hence should be established and implemented. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 11979/35

IPCnews Republic of the Philippines Ministry of Transporation and Communications Dr. David Korten, Project Specialist BUREAU OF POSTS in Population and Social Development Man i I a Management, Ford Foundation, Manila SWORN STATEMENT will deliver a lecture on poverty and so­ (Required by Act 2580) cial change at the Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo de Manila University on The undersigned, LENI S. DIAZ managing editor of PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMAiTlON February 8, 1980 at 3 p.rn, His lecture, (title of publication), QUARTERLY (frequency of issue), in ENGLISH (language in which print­ ed), at House No.7, Purok Aguinaldo, UP Diliman, Q.C. (office of publication), after having been entitled, "Involving the Rural Poor in duly swom to accordance with law, hereby submits the following statement of ownership, manage­ their own Environment: A Learning Pro­ ment, circulation, etc., which is required by Act 2580, as amended by Commonwealth Act No. cess Approach," argues that previous 201. failures in improving the poverty situa­ NAME ADDRESS tion points to the need for a bottom-up learning approach to program design and Managing Editor: LENI S. DIAZ House No.7 Purok Aguinaldo, UP Diliman, Quezon City Business Manager: SYLVIA V.TAN House No.7, Purok Aguinaldo, UP Diliman, Quezon City organization change. Owner: PHIL. SOCIAL SCIENCE COUNCIL, INC. House No.7, Purok Aguinaldo, UP Diliman Publisher: PHIL. SOCIAL SCIENCE COUNCIL, INC. House No.7 Purok Aguinaldo, UP Diliman *** Printer: RMA GRAPHIC SERVICE T. Morato Avenue, Quezon City Office of Publication: House No.7, Purok Heneral Aguinaldo, UP Diliman, Quezon City A new project of the IPC is "The Ito­ cos Coast/Metro Manila Migration System: In case of publication other than daily, total number of copies printed and circulated of A Micro-Level View." The study, direc­ the last issuedated July-September 1979. ted by IPC Director Ricardo G. Abad 1. Sent to paid subscribers . • . . • • . • • • . . • . . • . . • • • • • . • . • 500 and Dr. Benjamin Carino. seeks to explore 2. Sent to others thanpaid subscribers •..•...... • . • . . 1,500 theoretically relevant issues in migration Total •.•..•••.•.•.•.. •..•. 2,000 research by employing a value-expectancy framework to migration decision-making. LENI S. DIAZ The first phase of the project involves Managing Editor a cross-section survey of intending migrants and non-migrants in the Ilocos; later phases SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this 5th day of November 1979, at Quezon City" will track down migrants to assess the rela­ the affiant exhibiting his/her Residence Certificate No. 5209684 issuedat Manila, on January 23, tionships between intentions and actual 1979. migration behavior. Funding comes from DOMINGO C. SALITA (Officer Administering Oath) the Population Center Foundation. NOTE: This form is exempted from the payment of documentary stamp tax.

riE SOCIAL SCIENCE I~ INFORMATION 1979 EXECUTIVE BOARD Membe~1 A quarterly newsletter published by the PHILIPPINE SOCIAL SCIENCE COUNCIL. INC. Vicente R. Jayme. chairman (PSSC) with offices at House No.7. Purok Wilfrido V. Villacorta. vice-chairman Q} Heneral Aguinaldo, University of the Ledivina V. Carino. secretary-treasurer Philippines, Diliman. Quezon City, P.O. Ricardo G. Abad Natividad J. Munerriz Box 655 Greenhills. San Juan. Metro Manila Mercedes B. Concepcion Cristina P. Parer 3113. Philippines. Telephones: 972671. Marcelino A. Poronda, Jr. Dominador Z. Rosell 978741,976061 loc.735 Raul D. Ingles Bonifacio P. Sibayan Corazon Alma de Leon Jesucita L. G. Sodusta PCPM SP No. 315 Editorial: Leni S. Diaz Loretta Makasiar Sicat, Executive Director Circulation: Sylvia V. Tan. Elvira S. Angeles Gabriel U. Iglesias. Immediate past chairman

The PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION primarily seeks to serve as a dearing house for the exchange of information, documentation, research activities. and news on people involved in the social sciences.Since 1973, it has endeavoured to be a regular and comprehensive inventory of information and a catalyst of discussion. Unless so indicated, the views expressed by the authors of feature articles in this publication do not necessarilv reflect the policias of the Philippine So­ cial Science Council, Inc.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED: To quote from this publication, proper acknowledgement should be given. rfiE SOCiAL SC~ENCE 1"hisi! your copy n !a! ~NFORMAT~ON

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HUUSf NO 7 PURal< AGUINALDO UNIVERSITY DF THE PHILIPPINES DILIM AN, 0 LJ EZaN CIT Y, MET RaM ANi LA