1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3963 IN THE NAVY . ENSIGNS that Thou wilt sustain us, for Thou wilt The following-named officers for appoint Elizabeth E. Clark Elizabeth G. Gaffney not cause the righteous to be moved. We ment in the Supply Corps of the Navy in the Ethelyn E. England Anna M. Steinmetz , thank Th,ee that ~n the midst· of uncer grades hereinafter stated: .· The· following-named (Naval Reserve Offi- . tainty we can cling to the religious cer LIEUTENANTS cers' ·Training Corps) to be ensigns in the tainties of life. Help us to listen to the Thomas G. Lewis Navy from the 4th day of June 1948: message Thou hast for us. - · Jack W. Welty Charles DeArmond We pray tqat Thou wilt bless our Presi Robert P. Hilton LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) dent, our Speaker, and all · others who Wayne G. Shear James W. Herb have the privilege of guiding and direct Herbert P. Mills, Jr. Richard E. Fahrenwald (Naval Reservo. Of ing the affairs-of this great country of ficers' Training Corps) to be an ensign in the ours. Thou hast been our help in ages ENSIGNS Supply Corp~ of the Navy from the 4th day of James H. Forbes, Jr. June 1948. past, and · we look to Thee for present Albert F. MacDonald, Jr. Philip J. McEleney (Naval Reserve Officers' guidance. Robert A. Weir Training Corps) to be an ensign in the Civil We thank Thee for-hands to help bear The following-named midshipmen (avia Engineer Corps of the Navy from the 4th day the burdens of mankind, for eyes to see tion) to be ensigns in the Navy from June 4, of June 1948. ~ things as they are, for ears to hear the 1948: _ George P. Edgerton (civilian-college gradu truth, and. for minds to think through ate) to, be an ensign in the Supply Corps of Jack P. Andrus Harold F. Knudsen the Navy. · the faets that are presented to us. Help Wallace D. Baldwin Francis P. Koval · us ~ to be open-minded. May we not be Ernest M. Brides Louis Kriser The following-named officers to the grades conditioned by our own selfish desires Stanley H. Bueg Louis F. Memoli indicated in the Medical Corps of the Navy. but motivat.ed by high ideals. Samuel F. Catterlin · Thomas E. Reilly, Jr. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS We pi·ay that. we may continue to prac John A. Chalbeck Ernest E. Rivers Edward J. Cronin . Charles W .. Safanda Glenn E. Drewyer tice the Golden Rule of doing unto others Vernon L. Crow Thomas W. Schaaf James P. Moran as we· w~mld have theni do unto us. Help William H. Elliott William C. Sharp LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) us, Father, to be examples to those with Gl.enn E. Faucett Donald K. Stitt Jonathan M. Allen Robert E. Rowand • whom we associate. We . pray that we Willlam M. Flyrin William R. Tappe Willlam L. Chapman Robert W. Sharp, Jr. may · b~ steadfast, always abounding in John C. Hiufimel, Jr. Robert E. Tigner Holt B. Maddux Charles R. Sullivan the love of God. Arthur W. Han ton Craig McD. White Grant us wisdom; grant us courage for Haroid R. Herndon Eugene H. Whittlessey The following-named officers to the grades Francis J. Hohl George M. ·A. Willows 'indicated in the Dental Corps of the Navy. the solving of the problems which con front -us today. In Christ's name we Lee s. Houchins Arthur 0. Wolf LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS Donald Hubbard pray. Amen. George S ..deShazo The following-named (Naval Reserve Of William I. Gullett The Journal of · the proceedings of ficers' Training Corps) to-be ensigns in the yesterday was read and approved. Civil Engineer Corps of the· Navy from June .LIEUTENANTS 4, 1948: Leonard M. Kraske - MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE • William Kleck, Jr: Jeremiah T. Sunde A message from _the Senate, by Mr. Raymond· D. Phillips Allan L. Wallace Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced Harry L. Rimmer, Jr. LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR · GRADE) that the President pro tempore _had The following-named · (civilian-college Luke J. Braxmeier appointed Mr. LANGER and Mr. CHAVEZ graduates) to be ensigns in the Supply Corps Gage Colby members · of the· joint ~elect committee of the Navy: · · · Robert G. Martin on the part of the Senate, as provided John W. Randall The following-named officers to the grades for in the act of August 5, 1939~ entitled "J" F. Stuart indicated in ,the Nurse Corps of the Navy. "An act to proVide for the disposition of The following-named to be ensigns in the LIEUTENANTS certain records of the United States Nurse Corps of the Navy: ·Eddy L. -Harris Government," for the disposition of Billie J. Cole - Margaret E. Park Ingrid C. Suess executi e papers in the following depart- Joan T. Ernst Elizabeth C. Riggs LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) ments and _agencies: · Ferrell L. Greer Agnes M. Roberts 1. Department of Agriculture. Sarah C. Hargrove . Doris F. Travis Louise J. Bartlett Lillie M. Harwood Betty J. Jones Frances E. Weslowski Jane H. Farr Gayle M. Lang · 2. Department 'of the Army and the Elizabeth R. Meldahl · " Air Force. --:- ENSIGNS 3. Department of Commerce. The following-named officers to the grades Ann Belaeff · Marita D. Petit indicated in the line of the Navy: 4. . Department of Justice. Isabel V. Hunsecker Charlotte S. Rasmus- 5. Post Office Department. LIEUTENANT COMMANDER Hedwig L. Kratz sen Louise W. Sharp 6. Department of the Treasury. . Erik A. Johnson IN THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS 7. Housing and Home Finance Agency. LIEUTENANTS 8. National Archives. APPOINTMENTS TO TEMPORARY GRADE Mitchell K. Disney Carl E. Lundin, Jr. 9. Veterans' Administration. To the temporary grade of major general Edward G. Grant · James H. Roberton THE BRITISH . SOCIALISTS SAY "APRIL Frederic M. Lloyd 3d· Oliver P. Smith FOOL" TO UNCLE SAM The following-named officers to the grades To the temporary grade of brigadier general Indicated in the Medical Corps of the Navy: .Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, John T. Selden I ask unanimous consent to address the LIEUTENANT COMMANDER House for 1 minute and to revise and Kenneth S. Scott extend my remarks. LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR . GRADE) The SPEAKER. Is there objection Garner L. Lewis Robert E. Walsh HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the request of the gentleman from John B. Miller Gilbert A. Webb New York? James T. Proctor Arthur J. Wilets THURSDAY, APRIL 1, 1948 There was no objection. The following-named officer to the grade The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. R:mED of New York. Mr. Speaker, indicated in the Medical Service Corps of prior to the passing of ERP-Marshall the Navy: Rev. Thomas G. Swales,_ pastor, Broad ENSIGN Street Methodist Church, Norwich, N. Y., plan-by the House of Representatives, offered the following prayer: the socialistic Government of Britain David. R. Stutler was just. spending: so it was said, the The following-named officers to the grades Our Heavenly Father, we are conscious last pound in the Exchequer. Now that indicated in the Nurse Corps of the Navy: of the presence of Thy reality. We know ERP has been catapulted through the LIEUTENANT that Thou art God, and from Thee we House! on ~wave of hysteria, the Social Emma L. Gamble receive . strength that will enable us to ist Government of Britain announces LIEUTENANTS . (JUNIOR GRADE) face life with all of its situations. Truly _ with gusto that the Government had a Jean B. Knecht Thou art our refuge and strength and a surplus of $2,544,000,000 for the fiscal Mary E. Orlando very present help at all times. Help us year which endec:l March 31, the very· day Mary A. E. Toepfer to cast our ·burdens upon 'l'bee, knowing ERP passed the House. -This explains 3964 CONGRESSIO-NAL RECORD-HOUSE . APRIJJ .1
why th~ propopents .iq.sisted tllat . ERP of the Home Loan Bank :Board. The dustries. Mr. Dyke . heads · up some - pass before this British announcement B_oardisin_great need of- drastic-changes, . ·20 .different corporations . from coast. came through. The British Socialists and only the Congress-can do that. - to-coast -dealing in . these various types have pulled a fast April Fooi's Day on the Until -r-eeehtly -John H; ·Fahey was of businesses; which are really· integrated taxpayers of this .country. . Gh_ajrroan of the Board; wb,ich. he. ran under the heading · of homes and the Under leave· to extend; I am inserting with an iron fist. J. Alston Adams and things . that go into. their -construction in the REcoRD the following artic-le which Mr. Dyke were the --other two _members. and financing. · · . appeared in the Washingtpn ~ Post of The two Board members were,.in.effect, After he· had completed his assign Thursday, April 1, 1948: ' forbidden to participate in the Board's ment .: with the War Production Board, BRITAIN TAKE3 ovER _ELECTR;rc uTILITIEs dec-isions. In fact, it was because Mr. Mt~ . Dyke was asked to 'serve as· consult LoNDoN, Thursday, April 1.-Britain tqok Dyke, in at least one case, refused to go ant· to· the· ;War ·Mobilization Board. ownership last_midn ight of all the Nation's along with Mr. Fab,ey that he was Later, he went over ~s consultant to the electric utilities, sixth major enterprise to dismissed. Smaller War Plants· Corporation, .and be nationalized under the Labor govern- This was the now-famous c·ase involv- ment's Socialist program. · · ' from there he: went· to the Federal De- One of the first developments under state ing the Long Beach Federal Savings and posit Insurance Corporation. . control will be higher rates for a large pro- Loan Association which was taken away in 'an of this period·, from 1942 until portion of domestic consumers in urban · from its shareholders and placed in the the summer of '1947, Mr. Dyke received · areas. hands of a conservator. Mr: Dyke ob- no compensation from the Federal Gov Chairmen of 3 of the 14 regional beards jeeted to that high-handed m'ethod of ernment. · Living in Washington and that will administer the industry said do- treating a savings and loan institution. trying to. run his business on the side mestic rates would have to be increased to He saw no reason for such action,-and meet rising costs, including higher prices ,cost him inone,Y out .of his ·own pocket, _for coal. -· . he was not afraid to say so. Mr. Fahey as I have ·said. · In the suminer of 1947 . Other enterprises nationalized since the and his henchmen then went to the Mr. ' Dyke was· ·made a member of the Labor government came toj>ower in mid-1945 White House and demanded the dismis Federal Home Loan Bank Board and for include coal, civil aviation, inland transport, sal of Mr. Dyke. Mr. Dyke _had had only the first time accepted Goverrmient com the Bank of England, and cable and wireleEs. an.ihterim appointment, and h.e. was not pensation which he was required to do .Properties taken over by the, Government• reappointed to the- Bo'ard this year. It by la_w. · He did not last long, for he · included 170 .generating statiol)s and be- was one of the m· ost crue· 1 double· crosses tween 500. and 600 distrib~tion systems em- clasbed almost b:nmediately "with Mr. ploying 98,QOO people: , . . I have seen in many years, particularly Fahey over policies .with which he dis ~tockholders in private companies will in view of the fact. that Mr. Dyke had agreed. :. The final .blow:-:-uP .came when be paid in Treasury stock, whose. value will bee'n promised the chairmanship on .the Mr. Fahey placed the Long Beach Asso be announced tonignt. · · resignation of Mr. Fahey. For munic1pally_owned plants, the Gov- -· · · · ·h · ciation in the hands of a conservator: ernment will pay only enough to mee~ net , Curiously enough, the very things t. at . : ' N~w I see by the papers.t:l)at Mr.-Dyke outstanding debts. - Mr ~ Dyke fought-for and the policies for is being mentioned for a top executive which he argued have now been estab job in the ~urop _ean telief program and BRITAI~ ANNOUNCES $2,500,000,000 SURPLUS lished by the Home Loan -Bank Board. in this connection I wish to insert in the ·LoNDON·, March 31.__:_The Treasury an The Long Beach Savings 'and Loan Asso_: RECORD a story from the American nounced tonight the Government· had a elation has been returned to its .rightful Banker of March 23, 1948: £363 ,000,000 .($2,544,000,000) _ surplus for the owners. Many other Dyke policies have DYKE PossmLE c;HOICE TO ADMINISTER EJtP fiscal year ·ended today. -- · . since been adopted. . Mr. Dyke's dismis- AMERICAN BANKER BuREAu -. ,• . lt was double the surplus' estimated last sal is a national disgrace. ' November. WASHINGTON, March 22.~N~tha~it=?l - Dyke, The Dyke case calls attention to the Jr., ·formerly with the .Federal Home Loan HOME LOAN BANK ' BOARD hypocritical .cry of the Truman- admin Bank Board, previously an adviser of the · Mr. BEALL. · Mr. Speaker, iask-unan- .is-tration that, comp~tent arid respO:Q,Sible Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and 1mous consent 'to ·address the House for businessmen cannot be secured for Gov .. during the war on tne War }lroduction Board, 1 minute anq to '·revise and extend my _ernment seryice. Mr. 'l'ruman and tl!ose is being -promipel}tly mentioned as under around him say that high-graoe business White ·House consideration for a(hninistra remarks . .. tor of· the E'urop~an · rel~~! program. · The SPEAKER. Is ther~ obJection to ,executives refused to serve in W.a.shing the. request of the gentleman 'from ton because - of the low salaries paid And another from . the Washington · Maryland? - Government workers. They say that Post of March 24,_1948, which appeared There was rio objection. 'these salaries are not· sltfiicient to at in the col\_\mn ·or Jerry Kluttz: . Mr. BEALL. Mr. Speaker, the Con tract good men. Well, of course, that Polittcs: :Bumbling W:Qite House operators . gress established the Federal Home Loan . is not true either . . It is just an-c;>ther P.O are trying to interest Nathaniel Dyke, Jr·., in Bank Board as the supreme court-of the }itical· hoax being _perpet.rated . on the a top job in the European Relief Adminis hundreds of savings arid loan institutions American · people. There are scores 'of tra~ion. The Dyke story is one of the reasons able·and wealthy business executives who why the President finds it -difficult to per- · - in this country; The Board was set up S:!lade good men to enter Federal . service. ' for the protection of these institutions are anxious to serve their- countt:Y. but Dyk-e was made a member of the Home Loan and their shareholders. That was the when they witness the shameful treat- . Bank Board and he was promised the chair intent of the Congress. Unfortunately, ment of Mr. Dyke and others we can manship. The next thing he knew he was however. the Board has been used as a not blame them for not · coming to · fired. Now the , White House assistant who political instrument for .the private gain · Washington. knifed him is talking him up for. an ERA of the Democratic Party. It is shot Mr. Dyke is no job holder or seeker. job. · through with politics; and · some' of the On the contrary, the 6 years lie served Good men will be needed to run ·the decisions o~ the Board are out-and-out his Government in Washington cost him ERP and they are going to be hard to bids for political support. It is no longer thousands of dollars out of his own find, only beca·use of the disgraceful a free and independent agency, such as pocket. · He is a wealthy ·busiJ:lessman treatment· of Mr. Dyke and others. the Federal Trade Commission and other from Little. Roc~. Ark. The financial For Members of the House who are in bureaus. I ask that the House investi- . returns of the best job in Washington terested in a detailed account of the Dyke . gate the political tampering wi.th the could . not possibly . interest him. . He story, I suggest-reading the back files of 1942 Federal Home Loan Bank B(!)ard. · -came to Washington in to -inquire . ·Banktrends, a Washington_ we~kly news There is so much-internal wrangling in about priorities for his vast lumber busi letter edited a:nd published by U. V. Wil the Home Loan Bank Board that recently ness and the first thing he knew they gave him a desk at the War Production cox, one of the country's outstanding one of the Board members, Nathaniel financial reporter~. · Dyke, Jr., was dismissed because he re Board ·and asked him-to help solve the fused to go along with policies with which many lumber-production problems. Mr. EXTENSIO~ dF R~MARKS he disagreed. The Dyke case, I believe, Dyke readily · agreed to the request. Mr. GOODWIN asked and was given points up more clearly than anything I After· that he was given one assignment permission to extend his' remarks in the could say the weaknesses and the inevi after another because of his · superior . Appendix ·of· the- RECORD and include -a table danger to savings and loan insti knowledge of the lumber, building:...ma. resolution from the National Guard As tutions inherent in the present' structure terials, banking, and home-financing in- sociation of Massachusetts. 1948 CONG-RESSIONA-L RECORD-· HOUSE ~· ~ 3965 Mr. SEELY-BROWN asked and was Mr. KELLEY asked-and was given·-per dence of the addressee, The sender of given permission to · extend his remarks missibn to extend his remarks in the· Ap . such a package p'a.ys the' postage' only in the RECORD and includ~ a speech. pendiX'of the .RECORD and .include· an ad from his home· in the United States to .. APRIL FOOL dress by Judge Eugene V. Alessandroni. the port of embarkation. Instea9. of Mr-. BARTLETT a·sked and was given paying $3 .08 as- at present, the sender M·r. ·RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask. unani permission to exten·d his remarks in th~ . of a 22-pound package from St: ·Paul. mous consent to address the. House for RECORD and include a· resolution adopte'd Minn., would be required _to pay only 1 minute and to revise and extend my re by the United States Junior Chamber of 74 cents. This is a reduction of more marks. Commerce endorsing · statehood for than 75 percent. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Alaska. The inclusion of this provision in the the request of the gentleman I from Mr. ENGLE of California asked and bill will undoubtedly have the effect of Pennsylvania? . was given permission to· extend his re There was no objection. · encouraging more people to send _more marks in the RECORD .and includ~ an edi packages to Europe. ' This . will mean Mr ~ RICH. · Mr: Speaker, when r ·pick torial from the Sacramento Bee. · quicker . recovery ·· and lessening of the up this morning's Washing~on Post and Mr. ROGERS of Florida asKed and was finanCial burden on the Goverhment of see that Britain last year made a $2,544,- given permission to exten,d ,his remarks the United States. 000,00() surplus for the year ending in the Appendix of. the RECORD and in The am·endment adopted yesterday Ma.rch 31, 1948, and then think that this clude extraneous matter. will _serve another purp.ose. To wit, it is the first 'day of April, called AP,ril Fool's MARS~ALL - will bring about tne abolishment of im-. Day, a,s far as the action on Congress is AMENDMENTS TO PLAN PROPOSALS port duties now imposed by many of the concerned, today might as welf have been European countries on relief -packages yesterday so far as fooling the American Mr. DEVITT. Mr. - Speaker, I .ask people. Britain has foolea our legisla- unanimous consent to proceed for . 1 sent. there since the amendment makes ·tors. · minute and to revise ·ind extend my re- it a condition precedent to the receipt of the relief un~er the Marshall plan At a time when I feel depressed, let me marks. . · . The SPEAKER. Is· there objection to that the ·recipient countries agree with .quote from Abraham Lincoln: the Secretar,y of State for the free entry I do the best I know. The very best I can; the request of t:P,e gentleman from Min- _, nesota? . , ·, of . such packages. · In ,rece.nt months and I mean to keep right on doing so until many .of these foreign countries have the end. If the end brings me out all right, There was no objection. what is said against me won't amount to · Mr. DEVI1'T . . M·r: . Speaker, in the raised their import duties even· on neces anything. If the end brings me out wrong-, final hours of debate yesterday .on the saries of life such as food and clothing. 10 angels swearing I was .right would make M:arsfiall propo'sals,. :.r proposed certain .Since such a large portion of funds ap~ . no ditrerence. propriated by ·the ERP bill go strictly to amendments which w~te adopted by. the relief' as distinguished ,from rehabilita Still quoting, let. me read you part o_f House and whi<::h wil.l have far-reaching · effects . ·in the . ·furnishing of' 're)ief by tion projects, it is submitted that the pro a poem by Ella Wheeler W'Hcox: posals accepted yesterday are mo'st meri-. Let those who have ·failed take courag~. · means . of individual gift packages to needy people in.. Europe: · Because the torious in ·_ that they ·,will bripg . about · Though the enemy seemed to hav_e· won, · of speedier relief in Europ_e and build up a Though his rank be strong, if he be in ·the shortness of time, I did not have ·: an op great amount 'of good will through 1ndi ~rong, · . . portunity to ~ully explain the amend The . battle is not yet done. yidmil giving between peoples ·or America ments,· although they were accepted by and destitute p'eoples of Europe. For sure ;i~ :the mor:n.ing iollows the Committee on Foreign~ Affairs: Un The darkest' liour of night, I importune the House conferees on · No questi'on 'is ·ever settled der permission to revise and extend my this bill to be adamant in'their· insistence Until it' is settled· right. remarks, I have .inserted a ,statement in that· these worth-while amendments be expianation of the amend~ents. -This retained in the bill. when it goes into 0 man bowed down with labor, is c-ontained on page 3849 of the Co'N·-· 0 woman -yqting, yet old; conference.' - The provisions .of the Sen 0 heart· oppressed in the. toiler's breast, ·caESSIONAL REC6RD for March :h. ·I urge ate. bill are ·not as intelligently generous And crushed by the power of gold, that the Member&· of the House read that in .these provisions · as are ,t-he terms of Keep on with your weary battle· po.rtion of the RE.COR.D: the House bil'l. It is urged that the can Against triumphant nignt; The effect o'f these amendments is ferees onrthe part of the House exercise No question is ever.settled going to be that we wi-ll have a tre• Until it is settled right. their ·utmost faculties to insure the re mendous increase in· the number of gift tention of these meritorious provisions of ERP was noe a settlement; I ain· sure packages sent by individuals in this the ·bm: · · " it was a colossal bhmder by the Congress; country to persons in the 16 Marshall a hardship ori America; a real 'mistake. plan countries of Europe.. The ~mend- C~IL DISOBEDIENCE DRIVE Time will tell. · · ments .have the .effect of reducing the Mr. BRYSON. Mr. -.Speaker, ·I ask postage rates on such packages by . ap- unanimous consent to address the House EXTENSION 0~ REMARKS • proximately 75 percent · and making it for 1 minute and to revise and extend my ·Mr. RANKIN. Mr. .Speaker, on March mandatory that·the governments of'the remarks. ' .. . · · 30, the distinguished , gentleman from - participating countries change their laws The SPEAKER. Is. there objection to Georgia [Mr. cdxJ rec.eived permission so as to permit the tax-free entry of the request of the.gentleman from South to insert his remarks in the RECORD and such relief packages. Carolina? include a newspaper artiqle. : The. Gov By way of example, it should be poip.t- · There was no objection. ernment Printing Office adyises that it ed out that in many cases the postage Mr. BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, I am sure will exceed 2 pages of. the RECORD and · rate on ·relief packages to-Europe at pres- many of us were shocked to learn through will cost $177.50 . .. The gentleman· from ·· ent is as much as, or more -than,· the c the radio· and accounts of the mo'rning Georgia is. unavoidably absent tbis mor:p. · value of the article· sent. ·For instance,. press that certain alleged Negro leaders ing. I a~k . "Qnanimous consent. that. the · the postage r$-te . to occupied Germany · were. advocating what they call a "civil article be ·printed· notwithstanding the · from my home city of. St:· Paul, Minn., disobedience drive" against any reinsti cost. . , . . . is·l4 cents per pound. This means that ' tution of selective service or uni:v:ersal ·The SPEAKER. Without. objection, · it would cost $3.08 to s·end a 22-pound military. training at this · crucial· time in not-withstanding the-cost, the ext;ension . pa·ckage to GerJ:nany. · Under . the the history of the world . . · · may be made; . . . . amendments to the ERP bill accepted Since both Hous·es of Congress have by There was no. objection. by the House yesterday, the Administra- a substantial majority now approved the Mr.'.CELLER asked and was given per tor is required to provide for free trans- so-called Marshall or' European recovery mission to extend his- -remarks in the · portation of such relief pa({kages from plan, it is now imperative that we take RECORD. · the port of embarkation in America to immediate steps to increase our military Mr. LANE asked and -was given per the port of landing in Europe and to pro- forces. .. mission to · extend his :remarks in the . vide by the use of revolving-fund moneys Recent acts on the part of high om- RECORD and include an address delivered set.up under the plan for additional free cials in the Democratic Party have great~ by Eamon de Valera at the Mayflower transportation of such packages from ly.increased any racial ten·sion that may Hotel th! other evening. the port of landing to ~he place of resi- have heretofore existed. We siml!lY. XCIV--250 3966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 1 must have unity now if we are to sur.vive. painful}:· achieved during the past three: and the :first· step will have· been taken Tlie very last thing that any sincere quarters of a century. Those who agi toward a final solution of the problem American would want to do is to contrib tate ·in the South for so-called civil of equal opportunity for -Negroes. ute to any already formidable problem. rights are actually doing the Negro an If these organizations must fight for a On the contrary, every true American irreparable harm. cause, let them direct toward these ends should use every legitimate method to Southern people are rightfully alarmed the tremendous amount of time, money, suppress and eradicate any influence. by the tendency to ignore the fact that and energy they are now devoting to that would tend to divide us. ' there is a line which must not be crossed. their unholy crusade to break through We of the South admit that we have a We are anxious for the Negro to achieve the retaining wall of southern culture race problem which we have been facing equality of opportunitY for education, segregation. squarely. Although greatly handicapped for economic advancement, for culture. Within the concept of segregation, the by many impeding factors, progress is But that goal cannot be reached by an people of the Sou.th ·are today bending being made in the solution of race rela insistence on unrestricted soCial equality. every effort to provide equal opportunity tionships. Sincere and effective efforts Any recommendation which fails to rec for Negroes. We are moving rapidly to are being made to provide equal oppor ognize this fundamental fact must be ward the goal of equal educational op tunities for education and gainful em regarded with distrust. portunity. southern States are spending ployment for the colored population. My · The President's recommendation for more on Negro education than at any colleagues in the Congress who represent antidiscrimination legislation, in com.:. time in history. Increasing sums of vafious Southern States have always mon with the programs of all the radi money are being allocated for Negro . been acutely aware of the Negro ·problem cal, left-wing communistic elements of health programs, hospitalization, social and they have tirelessly worked for the ·the Nation, ignores this one essential welfare, anq recreation. This is both a Negro's advancement in every phase of condition. We must interpret the Pres difficult and a costly task, but we are life. Whether the fact is acknowledged -ident's recommendation to mean the determined to see it through. The South or not, the best friends of the Negro are complete abolition of segregation among is rich in culture and potentialities, but southerners of high principle who know the races. Until it is acknowledged that the per capita monetary income in the the Negro better than any. people in any segregation is the line which must not States of the South is far below that of other section of these United States could be crossed, the South cannot and will our more prosperous northern neighbors. possibly know him. . not accept any help, however· well-;in An entirely disproportionate share of -The South has moved a long way· in tended, from people in other areas of the that per capita income is required to solving its Negro problem. That we have Nation. . . carry on public education for Negro and been moving in the right direction is evi We welcome any and all efforts to as white alike. Our schools remain rela denced by the fact that racial tension in sist us and we believe tpat assistance can tively poor in spite of the heavy tax bur the South, until the announcement· by be extremely helpful-provided the basic dens imposed for school purposes. The the President of his civil-rights program, principle of segregation is not menaced. Southern States contain 28 percent of the is today at the lowest :pitch in history, We insist upon the recognition of the population of the Nation, educate 32 per and understanding between Negroes and fact that the race situation in the South cent of the children of the Nation, but whites is growing day by day, year by la-nd is not the same as the Negro situa receive only 8 percent of the national year. Anything that tends to interrupt tion in any northern State, and that the income on a per capita basis. this ordered process of improvement con methods employed · in many northern, In spite of this staggering handicap, stitutes a potential danger to the entire areas just will not work in thE; South. the people of the Southern States have question of relations between the two Segregation is the shield of southern cul made valiant strides toward improving races. ture and civilization. Once that shield social conditions. We shall not permit I repeat, interfer~nce is dangerous. is pierced the very life of tl)e South is in that progress to be jeopardized by either Furthermore, interference can be disas danger. We welcome the assistance of well-meaning but ill-advised interfer trous when it is based-as it so often.is any American citizen who is willing to ence, or' communistic techniques of prop upon· a complete lack of understanding recognize this one vital principle. agapda and agitation. Segregation is the of the problems of the South. That is Yes, we can use help, but not the kind line that must not be crossed. Segrega why the President's recent message on of help we are getting from President tion is the only sensible answer to the civil rights has met with such ·opposition Truman, not. the kind of help we are racial situation. American statesmen from southern Democratic leaders. For getting from the President's so-called throughout our history have recognized the President's civil-rights program in civil-rights program, not. the kind of help this truth. Thomas Jefferson and Abra cludes those very measures that are de we. are getting from the National As ham Lincoln, two of "our stanchest sup- signed to disrupt the entire southern sociation for the Advancement of Col . porters of real civil rights, realized that approach to the racial problem. His ac -ored P~ople, not the kind of help we are the Negro and white races cannot live quiescence in the civil-rights affair was getting from the Communist Party. We together peacefully except on the basis of the major blunder of President Truman's cannot use that kind of help. To para segregation. The great Negro leaders otherwise excellent record as Chief Ex phrase the President's own St. Patrick's have accepted and confirmed this view. ecutive of the United States. We must Day speech: "The price is too high Booker T. Washington deplored the ef believe that the President was poorly ad we are not buying." forts of those who sought to break the so vised, that he did not ' Weigh carefully If these people want to help us, they cial barriers between Negro and white. the real import of his message or under can demonstrate their sincerity by work He said: stand fully its consequences for the Dem ing with us to build l.lP the South eco- . In all things which are purely social, we ocratic Party and the people of the nomically. They can join our fight to can be as separate as the ~ngers, yet one as South. Surely President Truman must eliminate unjust economic discrimina the hand in all things essential to mutual realize that the southern race situation tions against the people of the South, progress. cannot safely be subjected to the Gordian discrimination ·against southern indus We of the South are not indifferent to knot technique. There is no short cut. try and agriculture in the form of in the welfare of the Negro. Long experi There is nc easy way. The problems that equitable freight rates. Let them pitch ence has convinced us that the Negro's exist in the South between the Negro in and help the Southern States to de velop their economic resources, promote welf~_;:e is best promoted in separate and white races will be solved to the full schools, separate churches, separate satisfaction of all concerned if the South expansion of southern industry, give is left alone to solve them without out southern agriculture an opportunity to communities, separate railroad cars. We side interference and pressure techniques. compete on, even terms with. the rest of can be divided in these things, yet united Intelligent Negroes in the South rec the Nation. The South's Negro problem in all things essential to mututal pro ognize this fact. They do not interpret is fundamentally a problem of educa gress. the barrage of racial propaganda from tion, and the South's education problems In these trying hours, our great coun other sections as contributory and help are fundamentally :financial. Give us the try, which has been called the melting ful to their uplift. On the contrary, opportunity., without interference and pot of the world, cannot survive unless they are seriously concerned lest the in outside discrimination, to develop south all of us work and pray for the preserva flammatory schemes of the agitators ern enterprise and raise the general tion of-the principles which. contribute to undo all the progress that has been so standard of living among our people« our strength and security. · 19·48 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE ·3967
BERLIN CUT OFF-BY RUSSIA -SAME-OLD MAC LEISH , Clippinger Hill Passman Cole, N.Y. Holifield Pfeifer Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana. Mr. Speak . Archibald MacLeish, the poet whose native Combs J ackson, cal-if. Poulson er, I ask unanimous consent to proceed dizziness w~s - heightened by the whirl given Cox Jarman Rains him by Mr. Roosevelt, has. broken his vow Cr!). vens Jenkins, Pa. Rainey for 1 minute and to revise and extend of silence just when people were beginning , Dawson, Ill. Jennings Reeves : my remarks. · to hope they had heard the last from him. Delaney Kee Richards The SPEAKER. Is there objection to MacLeish, in condemning the House Com Dingell King Rivers Dirksen Lesinski .Rizley the request of the gentleman from Louisi mittee on Un-American Activities, states , Douglas Ludlow Rooney ana? that the committee "has done more in a Eat on Manasco Sadowski There was no objection~ year and a half to breach the defenses of Feighan Mason Sikes freedom and to introduce the. wooden horse Mr. BOGGS of Louisi~na. Mr. Speak Grant, Ala. Miller, Nebr. Stratton of terror into the United States than all the Hartley Morgan Taylor er, I hold in my hand the · very latest Communists on earth." Harvey Murray, Wis. Thomas, N. J. edition of the washington News which All the Communists on earth would pre Havenner Norrell West carries_ the headline· "Berlin cut ' off." Hebert Norton sumably include Stalin's Rus'sia, which has Hendricks Owens . The gist of the story is that the Soviet bowled over one ·helpless country after authorities have closed all rail and high ·. another in its avowed march toward world The SPEAKER. On this roll call, 359 way communications into .the capital of domination; the Communist Party in the Members have answered to their names, Germany. I cannot imagine a mgre se- United States, which is dedicated to the de- a q_uorum . . struction o'f the :ijepublic, and all of its By unanimous consent, further pro . rious threat to . the peace· of the world, agents _and fellow travelers who are stirring . nor cari I imagine a more direct chal up class, race, and religious hatreds, trying ceedings under the call· were dispensed . lenge to . tn.e · Congress of the United to subvert the labor unions, and engaging with . . Stat~s. That' challenge means that we in a thousand a'nd one other conspiratorial PROGRAM FOR TOMORROW must, without further delay, consider and activities to wreck freedom in America. . pass · legislation providing for the re MacLeish was never distinguished for good . Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask · unanimous consent to address the House . institution of se~ective seJ;vice so tQ.at sense when he was busy helping Roosevelt we may bring· our· armed forces up to gum up the wa.'r as head of the· New Deal to'r 1 minute·: propaganda establishment calle'd the "Office The .SPEAKER. Is .there objection to their requi.site strength and be'prepared of Facts and Figures," as a self-:appointed for 'any emergency. the request of the gentleman from Indi- prophet of millennia! informationalism while ana? ·· · EX"rENSION OF REMARKS on the pay roll as Librarian of Congress, in his activities as Assistant Secre,tary of State, Ther~ was no objection. Mr. · McDON0UGH asked and was or in his capacity as an 'administration Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I wish · given permission to extend his remarks mouthpiece in the United Nations. He has, to make a b:t::i:ef, announce~ent for the in the RECORD. . · howeyer, never made a sillier statement than information of the Members . . I under Mr. ROSS· asked and was given per hi~ latest; · · stand. it has now been definitely estab-· " - mission to extend his remarks in the He is of such tender sensibility toward . lishetl that a. message on the' fax-reduc Communists that he overi~oks what his po tion bill will here at' noon tomorrow. RECORD and include an article appearing litical bedmate, General Marshall, calls the be in the-New York Herald Tribune. Communist "reign of terror'' -iFJ. Czechosl_o and it is expected that prompt action Mr. ANGELL asked and was given per vakia in order tq view goggle-eyed a fancied . will be taken o,n that ·measure. It is pos mission to extend · his remarks · in the "terror" here. The Committee on Un-Amer- sible that the conferenc.-action _on the RECORD and include an article. . ican Activit~es hasn't shot or sent anybody so-called foreign--aid pitT" wUI be com- · Mr .. JAVITS. asked and was given per to jail out of hand. Only the Communists pleted today, in which event. it is my hope mission to extend his remarks -in the are doing that. All it has done· is to turn · that·final action ·on the bill-can be taken _ up a lot of Communists in· Government and tomorrow. · · RECORD and include two newspaper ·ar.:: elsewhere and to designate some bureau ticles. · _ . crats who certainly are under obligation to EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin-asked and explain why Communists are their chosen was given permission to -extend his re Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Speaker, on March associates. 23 I obtained a unanimous-:cOI1sent re- n.arks in tlie RECORD and include an HENRY wALLACE . quest to extend my remarks in the article. Mr. SANBORN 'asked and was · given Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. Mr. RECORD and include a Lincoln Day ad permission to extend his remarks in the Speal}er, I ask unanimous consent to ad dress by Dr. Paul Austin Wolfe. I am dress the House for 1 minute and to informed by the Public Printer that this RECORD and include two letters. · will exceed two pages of the RECORD and Mr. TRIMBLE
J 1948 CON_GRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 3971 eral Gray this morning that he did not not willing to say to . Congress that he vision. I just do not think that it should intend to replace some of these neces was going to employ the identical people go out to the country that the Congress sary contact officers, would it-be advis who were threatened with separation is now appropriating $2,000,000 for the able in expressing the true intent of from the service. He was against the reemployment of 3,000 of the 8,500 that Congress to put into this bill ~fter the resolution introduced by the gentleman were terminated, and then not have that word "Administration" the words "in from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK] done. cluding necessary contact officers" in and by the gentlewoman from, Massa Mr. TABER. We did not understand which case we would be assured that the chusetts [Mrs. RoGERS], because, he said, that tnat was to be the result. As I Administrator would follow the intent it would require him to freeze those par understand, 1,200 have been put ~ in the as you have expressed it that we believe ticular people in jobs, and he was not medical service and 800 in the admin the necessary contact officers should be willing to do that. He is going to take istrative service down to this time . . · included in this $3,000,000? the $3,000,000, and with that -he said he Mr. MilLER of Connecticut. Mr. Mr. TABER. I should not object to could meet the situation. That is the Chairman, will the gentleman yield? that amendment, but I think that' this action of the committee. Mr. TABER. _ I yield to the gentleman discussion which we are presently having Mr. TABER. That is what we under- from Connecticut. on the floor here would be· sufficient to . stood. · Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Under call it to the attention of the Admin Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. the reductions recently announced, cer istrator that it is the intention of the Chairman, will the gentleman yield? tain adjudication boards were eliminated, committee and the Congress to have.that Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman or the number reduced. Was there any done. There seems to be no discordant from Massachusetts. · discus'sion as to whether those adjudica note here on that subject. Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. When tion boards would be restored? That is The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the testimony was heard by the Veterans' ·a vital point. gentleman from New York has expired. Committee emphasis was placed on the Mr. TABER. As I understand, where Mr. TABER. Mf. Chairman, I yield fact that these contact officers that had they were needed they would be put back. myself 10 additional minutes. exceptionally heav..y case loads, that were Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Was Mr. HAND. Mr. Chairman, will the rendering an exceptionally good service there any explanation given as to gentleman yield? , should be retained: These veterans live where they were needed? Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman out in the districts and some of them Mr. TABER. We did not .go into the from New Jersey. _, cannot get into the central office without details of places that they were to be Mr. HAND. I want to make this per sacrifice of time and money, necessitat put, but we were told that where they fectly clear. I think it is clear already ing even several daYs off from their work were neeqed they would be put back. from what the gentleman has said. In to get the service. Do I understand the Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Does it the event these contact officers that are committee by granting this additional _ appear to the gentleman that it is ex necessary are not restored, it is wholly ,appropriation means that those contact cusable to take 2 months after a veteran the fault of the Veterans' Administration officers with heavy loads, that were ren is examined before the adjudicatitm and not because .the v·eterans committee dering these outstanding services, shouJ.d bo~rd can act on his claim? or the Congress have not given to Gen be continued? Mr. TABER. It is not. eral Gray the mon~y asked for in this Mr. TABER. That is my understand Mr. MlLLER ·of Connecticut. Well, connection, is that correct? ing; that where these people are' render that has happened in some cases. Mr. TABER. That is my understand ing a· necessary and effective service, they Mr. TABER. Well, it should not hap- ing. should be cared for. , pen. · · Mr. ROSS. ·Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. MATHEWS. Mr. Chairman, will gentleman· yield? the gentleman yield? . the gentleman yield? · Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman Mr. TABER. . I yield to the.gentletnan from New York. _ , from Pennsylvania. from New Jersey. · Mr. ROSS. I think we should have Mr. VAN ZANDT. In General Gray : Mr. MATHEWS. Just to get the mat this clarified here. This appropriation we recognize a very capable administra ter straight, it is my understanding that is being granted for the purpose of rein tor, and I am wondering whether or not the appropriations made here are not stating some of the employees that are he indicated to the committee that there · made for the purpose of retaining par: about to be dismissed because of an order was any reorganization of the Vet ticular people in particular jobs, but are recently issued, is that correct? erans' Administration anticipated at the given by the Committee on Appropria Mr. TABER. Well, partly. It is also moment. tions to the Veterans' Administration to for the purpose of permitting the Ad Mr. TABER. Well, there are some of do the best possible job of service to the ministrator to put to work necessary these branch offices that he has not made veteran as the Administration sees fit. people in the medical set-up that he feels up his mind about. ·I gathered that he Mr. TABER. To d,o the things that are especially urgent. He has placed certainly did not intend to increase the he said were necessary to do to make 1,200 additional people at work in that number, and that he hoped to reduce the job effective. set-up already. the number, and transfer some em Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. ROSS. That is what I. would like ployees and put them where they were the gentleman yield? to have clarified. When General Clay more needed. Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman was before the committee this morning Mr. VAN ZANDT. Is it not true that from Vermont. , I asked him if the bulk of this money some of the employees discharged as of Mr. PLUMLEY. As I understand, the was not to be used for employing pe·r April . 1 were probably undesirable em Committee on Appropriations has not sonnel for the medical division, and his ployees? undertaken to run the Veterans' Admin answer was "Yes." I asked Him further Mr. TABER. That is probably so. istration. · if a number of the employees who have Mr. ROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. TABER. That is correct. . been dismissed and who will be reinstated gentleman yield? Mr. Chairman, I move that the Com would be negligible, and he said "Yes." Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman mittee do now rise. Mr. TABER. I think perhaps that from New York. · The motion was agreed to. might be so. Mr. ROSS. It was stated before the Accordingly the Committee rose; and Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, will the Veterans' Committee that in this per the Speaker having resumed the chair, gentleman yield? sonnel reduction no members of · the Mr. JENKINS of Ohio, Chairman of the Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman Medical Division would be terminated. Committee of the Whole House on the from Texas. · · Mr. TABER. That is correct. State of the Union, reported that that Mr. MAHON. The Holise should fully Mr. ROSS. That no members would Committee, having had under considera understand, and the employees of the be terminated under this recent reduc tion the bill
VIRGINIA · tions. I have conferred with .' the Vet · accordingly elimiiuited $700,000, which The applications now pending from . erans' Administration within the last 24 supposedly was the . amount earmarked that State amount to $4,485,000. c hours and have been informed that this for meeting 1946-47 school deficits. I WASHINGTON deficiency appropriation will permit t~e : would like to point out, ·however, that the · restoration ·of all essential services. I · Federal· Works · Agency requested only The applications now pending from have every confidence, therefore, that · $669,181· to reduce the 1946-47 school that State amount to $2,195,000. · the situation in my district, ·as well as the . defiCits. In - cutting the request by WEST VIRGINIA districts of other members here.who have $700,000, then, the committee has ac The applications now pending from · suffered the_ most heavily, will be taken ~ually eliminated $30,819 needed to meet that State aJTIOUht to $53,000. care of immediately, and I take this op 1947-48 school deficits. The Congress WISCONSIN : portunity to express my appreciation of should, therefore, consider restoring this The applications now pending from , the attitude of the Administrator in re $30,819 if we are to meet the anticipated that State amount to $6,0'59,000. . gard to this matter. 1947-48· deficits: · In fact, I might add I am positive that we are all in accord that the deficits originally anticipated WYOMING on one thing, and that is that whatever for 1947-48 have been exceeded because The applications now pending from our decision may be as to what can be of the severe winter in· sections of the that State amount to $2,550,000. done for our veterans who enjoy physical country where the schools concerned are Mr. KERR. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 health, there is one place in which we will · located. minutes to the gentleman from Georgia · not economize and that is in the prompt I also wish to briefly call the attention [Mr. PACE]. service and efficient care of the injured · of the Members of the House to the im- Mr. PAGE. Mr. Chairman, I would and disabled veterans. I shall continue portance of meeting , these 1946-47 def like to propound a question to the dis · to press this point in . behalf of those . icits . . It was the intent and purpose of . tinguished chairman of the Committee whom I represent. · the Lanham Act and the Landis A-ct on Appropriations, the gentleman from Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield · which succeeded it to meet the deficits New York [Mr:TABER]. I notice on page · 2 minutes to the gentleman from Massa . incurred by the schools ·which qualified : 19, lines 3, 4, 5, and 6, of the bill an chusetts [Mr. HESELTON]. · for assistance under these measures. appropriation of ~143,000,000 for govern Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Chairman, I · The fact that sufficient appropriations ment and relief in occupied areas. It . wish to ask the chairman of the Appro · were not availahle in 1946-47 to make it appears ·from the hearings· that the re priations Committee a question. He · possible for these· schools to enter the quest was for $150,000,000 and in the will recall that earlier in the year on an · 1947-48 year free of deficit is not the committee report, page 9, it is stated appropriation bill the chairman handled · fault of the schools involved. These that those in charge of the program ad I presented a limitation amendment in deficits are not just figures for academic vised the committee that a saving of connection with proposed conversions to · discussion, they are actual bills which $7,000,000 can be had in civilian-em oil from coal or new installations of oil must be met . . During. . the hearings of ployee pay and travel and so forth. The burning equipment in the appropriation the committee some question was ralsed · committee is therefore giving the War bill then pending. The chairman and as to the legality. of appropriating funds Department the full 'amount requested the committee were good enough to ac this year to meet the deficits of 1946-47. for relief in occupied areas? cept it at that time. That matter was adequately settled by Mr. TABER. For food; yes; sir. Subsequ~ntly, it seemed to me it would · Mr. FrankL. Yates, Acting Comptroller Mr. PACE. Inasmuch as the com be more advisable to take the matter up General of the United States. Mr. mittee has allowed the full amount re with each subcommittee and inquire· Yates, in a letter to the Federal Works quested, the Department will be expected · during debate if it was the intention of Agency, stated that to. meet the 1946-47 , to substantially follow the justification the committee that no part of the ap deficits with funds appropriated this and the items set out in the hearings propriation shall be used for those pur year was not prohibited by Public Law under this $150,000,000? . poses unless it can be clearly de:men 317 and, as far as his office is concerned, Mr. TABER. That is my under strated that it is absolutely essential. I no objection thereto would ever be inter standing. have asked this question of the chairman posed. To illustrate how real this prob Mr. PACE. I thank the gentleman. informally. I understand that is the lem is, I would like to cite you specific Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield purpose and intention of the committee . cases which exist in my own congres such time as he may desire to the gentle . handling this particular appropriation sional district. Of the nine school -dis man from New Hampshire [Mr. CoTTON]. bill. Am I right? tricts eligible for Landis Act funds, six Mr. COTTON. Mr. Chairman, I was Mr. TABER. That is correct. have sizable deficits carried over from gratified and relieved at the assurances Mr. HESELTON. I thank the gentle 1946-47. These are as follows: given by the distinguished chairman of man. 1946-47 the Appropriations Committee, the gen Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield School district: • deficit tleman from New York [Mr. TABER] and such time as he may desire to the gentle . Kent Meridian School Dis- the chairman of the subcommittee, the man from Washington [Mr. ToLLEFSoN]. : trict, No. 222 ______$2, 080. 24 gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Kent School District, No. 413_ 14, 526.00 Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Chairman, I Redondo Federal Way School WIGGLESWORTH] that the $3,000,000 con rise to request that the Appropriations District, No. 210 ______11, 9.70. 00 tained in this deficiency bill would enable Committee and this body give further AubUrn Schoo~ District, No. the Veterans' Administration .to restore consideration to the $700,000 item which 408 ------41, 404. 00 the essential services that have been re was eliminated from the Bureau of th.e Bellevue Overlake School Dis- cently curtailed, and I desi.re to express Budget's request for maintenance and trict, No. 405 ______16, 000. 00 my appreciation to the committee for operation of schools. I refer specifically Clover Park School District, their willingness to provide these funds. to page 6 of this bill, lines 16-24. You No. 400------4,462.09 I represent a State that has no vet will note that the committee has recom TotaL------90, .4.42. 33 erans hospital within its borders, and a· mended for the Federal Works Agency, district that has had three contact offices Bureau of Community Facilities, an addi So y~u see, gentlemen, in one congres closed within the last few weeks. tional amount for maintenance and sional district alone there is a 1946-41 Nashua, the second largest city in the . operation of schools to the extent of school deficit totaling $90,442.33 which State; Concord, the State capitol; and $1,300,000. The· request of the Bureau . must be met. Claremont; all in my district, have lost of the Budget for this purpose was for I sincerely hope, therefore, that in the their offices. $2,000,000. At this·point I would like to final ·action this Congress will appropri~ I met with other members of the ·New call your attention to page 3 of the com- : ate sufficient funds to meet the 1946-47 England delegation on March 8 to con . mittee's report. It states, in discussing · school deficits and _provide the .amount sider this serious situation and on March this action regarding the Federal Works iri 1947-48 to meet the . needs of the 11 was one of a committee which inter Agency, that the committee believes ex : schools which are eligible. Therefore, viewed the President of the United penditures should be limited to deficits Mr. Chairman, at the proper time I shall States, urging him to remove the restric incurred during the cUrrent year rather move that we amend line 21, page 6, of tions which prevented the sending up a than reimbursements for deficits in this bill to strike out the figure $1,300,- request to the Committee on Appropria- curred for prior years. The committee 000 and insert the figure $2,000,000. 1 1948 CONGR·ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3981 Mr. TABER. · Mr. Chairman, I yield lightly the letter of September 17 which you Such being the case, I am shocked and 1 minute to the gentleman from Idaho sent me asking, as chairman of the Texas puzzled that the Americ~n Bankers' Associa • [Mr. GOFF]. Bankers' Association, for suggestions to be tion permits the Agricultural Commission of considered by your committee, in deciding their association to be, at this time, en Mr. GOFF. Mr. Chairman, I rise to' upon its agricultural pr9gram. deavoring to destroy our cooperative farm express my appreciation to the Appro · In my letter last week suggesting that you credit system, which has done so much for priation Committee for its action on the propound like requests for suggestions to the agriculture and has been of value .and con reclamation items in this bill and for Council of Economic Advisers to the Presi venience to commercial banks of farming the friendly attitude that has been shown dent, to the Committee for Economic Devel sec~ions of our country, when farmers have by our Appropriation Committee toward opment, and to the Department of Agricul been unable to pay from farm income. See reclamation. I think it is clear refuta ture and proffer cooperation in problems per pages 4, 5, and 6 of Remarks by Governor of of taining to agriculture, it was my thought Farm Credit Administratiqn, enclosed: tion the false and partisan charges that such request and proffer from such The annual cash income from Texas farms so often made that·the Republican lead source would serve to increase the interest from 1928 to 1932, fell from $867,436,000 to ership is unfriendly to reclamation in of these groups in the problems of agricul $284,783,00~a fall of over 300 percent .. Some our Western States. I particularly com ture, as well as get suggestions. .from sources further figures on Texas farm annual cash mend the fairness and discriminating at the top in national economics. income: 1935->-$400,542,000; 1939-$434,100,- judgment manifested by- the chairman, To do a worth-while job will require ex 000; 1943-$1,067,269,000; 1944-$1,154,777,- · the gentleman from New York [Mr. pense. Make a worth-while program and get 000. These· changing conditions are not due TABER] and the gent~eman from Iowa it and a budget of the needed expense ap to production but to prices that are not of [Mr. JENSEN], of the Interior Subcom proved by the president of the association. the farmers' making. mittee. · Submit both to member banks with requests What will happen jf and when production for contributions to expense. The amount shall exceed demand? Who, ~nder the con Mr. KERR. Mr. Chairman, I yiel4 properly prorated will require small contri ditions now prevailing, would destroy or such time as he may desire to the gentle butions of the several banks. weaken any of our credit institutions, is man from ·Texas [Mr. PATMAN]. The two items I consider of prime impor more· than shortsighted. He is blind as :E"IGHT AGAINST AGRICULTURAL CREDIT tance in agriculture are soil and credit. Sampson and bereft of reason. ASSOCIATIONS These are of equal importance to our entire The agricultural committee of the Texas Nation. Both rural and urban people must Bankers' Association can do no greater serv Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Chairman, al be made aware of and kept impressed with ice to agriculture, to Texas bankers and to though we have three times as much the importance of soil conservation to them the Nation than to acquaint itself of the available money and credit ·as we ever and to the entire Nation, until all be~ome advantage of cooperative credit and of co had before in history, interest rates con concerned. When all become concerned, that operation in general in agriculture and be tinue to go up. The law· of supply and which should be done will be done. The con come a factor in promoting it. I will men demand is evidently not working in this ditions and importance of soil are told in the tion a few items of advantage: field. I am a strong -believer in a sound pamphlet Our Native Land, a Trust to Keep, 1. Cooperative agricultural credit possesses and the newspaper clipping, How Strong Is the strength of a government supervised and adequate banking system. For that America, which are enclosed herewith. I and carefully directed group of thousands of reason I have always supported the need not dwell upon the importance of soil. farmers, as against the credit strength of private banking system by helping to pass No country can out last its soil. an individual farmer. laws that would encourage and protect As to credit: Prqduction of food, clothing, 2. Cooperative agricultural credit makes the private banking system. The agri shelter, and everything that people use has loans only for the purchase of land, im cultural credit system is also a part of to be produced. Credit is required in pro proveme~ts on land to be used for produc our private enterprise system a-nd should duction. The larger production, the larger tion anrt for production. The use o:t: that amount of credit. It was this Nation's credit credit is not inflationary as are loans for be encouraged and protected. · Congress . and production that won the last war an.d has been too good to the private banking the purchaf?e of cons&er goods ~ now alarm with them, we are endeavoring to win the ing the executives of the Federal Reserve system for this system to now take ad peace. Bank System. vantage of its strength and power to try Production and credit requir~ and demand 3. The country needs the family-size to destroy our agricultural credit system. a market for their·products. When demand farmer and farm family. Production · that Congress· provided the money to set up drops, production stops, and credit is left to employs urban iabor, needs the market farm the Federal Deposit Insurance Corpora . stand and carry on or crash. familles' buying power affords. For this tion; Congress made it a violation of The booms and depression of recent years market to serve to best advantage, these fam- the law for more than ·a very small have taught us the need for strong and 1lies should stop decreasing and must, in the amount to be paid by banks on time stronger credit. The depression of 1914-15 future, have more stable income than in gave us the Federal Land Bank Act. The the past. Only by cooperation can that deposits_:_this was one o(the earlier price Federal Intermediate Credit Banks followed be attained. control acts which remains in effect the postwar depression of 1921-22. The Cool- . 4. The discovery is being made that the Congress, in order to help the banks, idge prosperity largely increased credit. De individual farmer cannot compete . with made it a violation of the law for · in mand for production began dropping in 1929. large capital concerns, engaged in farm pro terest to be paid by a bank on demand de By 1933, 14,820 State and national banks with duction of crops, with full supply of mech posits-these two provisions represent a $8,484,101,000 of deposits failed. Strong as anized power and other machinery. net savings to banks of more than $500,- was the Federal Reserve System, the burden 5. Collective action, by means of the cor was too much. The credit structure of the poration, has surpassed and supplanted the 000,000 annually compared with prewar Nation ·had to be strengthened. The Congress years. I am not complaining but I am . individual in all classes_ of industry except provided the Reconstruction Finance Corpo farming-proving the advantages and bringing these points up to remind the ration and added to the cooperative agricul strength of coUective action over the in- banks that they have been helped sub tural credit structure the banks for cooper dividual. · stantially by Congress-Rnd they should atives, the production credit corporations 6. The rural community needs the collec not complain if Congress extends some and the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation. tive advantages of cooperation, just as towns help in the form of credit to farm credit The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and villages need the collective advantages came to the assistance of banks with over of the corporation. associations. Many other privileges and $3,000;000,000 of loans to them and;or invest benefits to banks extended by Congress ments in their capital structure. 7. Cooperation will strengthen and ad could be enumerated and if the banks vance the industry of agriCulture in the same The land banks, intermediate credit manner the corporation has advanced other continue to fight the farmers organiza banks, banks for cooperatives, the produc industries. tions it might become material to disclose tion credit associations, with the aid of the 8. Finally, 1f we are to preserve our Gov them. It is my sincere ·hope that the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, shared ernment and the American way of life, we • banks will cease their fight against the with banks so strengthened and other lend must keep the liberty-loving, independent, farmers credit organizations. ing concerns the debt burden of agriculture self-sufficient farmer and farm fam1Iy, who and. all were strained to capacity. The following letter by an able, public Herbert Quick · said "Are the baHast of our spirited citizen of Texas, along this line · There never was a time when our country ship of State." Our form of government is self-explanatory: had so great a need for strong and stronger needs the stabilizing influence of our rural credit institutions than the present. We vote. Production needs the strength and · Mr. V. S. MARETT, must carry on. We must not crash. Both certainty of cooperation. In cooperation, Chairman, Agricultural Committee, abundant credit and courage are required. there are no strikes and no lockouts. There Texas Bankers Association, OUr Nation's welfare, the welfare of all is no fight between labor and capital. Dr. Gonzales State Bank, Europe and the very preservation of civiliza Charles. Eliot, president emeritus of Harvard, ' Gonzales, Te:t. tion are largely dependent. upon the credit said "Cooperation affords an admirable ex DEAR MR. MARE'rl': The condition& of our etrength of our Government and that of our ample of colle9tive action which does not country are such that I am unable to treat credit institutions. dimin~sh individual initiative and liberty, or XCIV-251 .
3982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 1 - hinder. the development of the individualis greatest praise by every Member of this tioris which were voted by the Congress tic virtues." House for the outstandingly excellent job in this European relief program. The soil conservation pamphret and memo I think Alaska is one of our strategic. randa pocket book I am sending you would being done in cutting Government spend be a suitable and appreciated gift 'by bank.S ing. areas of defense, and I look upon Alaska to their farmer clientele. . They can be had, We must cut spending if we are to en as the buffer state between Russia and without limit, for the asking. joy tax; r~duction. By cutting the spend the United States, and now I look upon Yours sincerely, .. ing this committee is making tax reduc the United States as the buffer ,state be ' s. A. LINDSEY. tion possible and when we get tax reduc tween Russia and the balance of the HIGH INTEREST tion the workers get what amounts to world. I consider power production and more carry-home pay. distribution in this country as essential December 11, 1947, I made the follow as bread and butter and meat; and I ing statements concerning higher inter Tax reduction means that every citizen gets more money every pay day to take consider the protection of the people of est: home to spend on his family rather than Alaska as important as the protection There seems to be a deliberate attempt in giving it to the Government for the of the people in our States, and appar this country, by powerful people, tQ greatly ently the committee is moving in this increase interest rates. The Government is politicians to spend for him. now paying $5,000,000,000 a year interest on In one respect, however, I believe this direction. the national debt at the rate of 2.01 percent bill has gone too far in cutting costs. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman. will the interest. Most of our house loans are 4 The item I refer to is the reduction to gentleman yield? percent. A $10,000 home now can be pur $1,300,000 of the $2,000,000 asked by the Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen chased on long terms at a low rate of in Federal Public Works Agency for the re tleman from Mississippi. terest. Before 1933 such a home, as now._sells lief of school districts in war-swollen Mr. RANKIN. The highest tide in for $.10 ;000, would have been available for America; with probably one exception,. is $4,500, but not as well constructed; and the communities. purchaser of such a home then, on time, In one city of my district, Vancouver, at TUrnagain Arm Road,' Cook's Inlet, would have had 2 or 3 mortgages with re Wash., the population increased from Alaska, it being 48 feet .. · I requested the financing problems practically every year 20,000 to more than 60,000 in 3 year~. Army engineers to make ·a survey .of the and high interest rates, commissions, and largely as the result of war shipyard~ and possibility of developing ·hydroelectric fees to be paid. As high as the house is now, war aluminum plants moving into that power from that tide at that place. the purchaser, under Government standards, Mr. CRAWFORD. I am in favor of de will not spend any more for the $10,000 city. Most of the new population moved into veloping hydroelectric power in Alaska, house in the end than he would have spent and I am in favor of making Alaska a in the elld prior to 1933 for the $4,500 house. war housing from which the local com This mu"S"tration is not given to justify the munity received no taxes. Yet the chil State oL the Union and paving the way high prices of homes· today, but to indicate dren of these newcomers-and the num for a million new settlers to go into that the disastrous effects of high interest. rates. ber of those children was great-had to territory. We need them ·in that area, The result would likely be a stoppage of be educated and the citizens of Van and we need. them· as quickly as we can housing construction. If interest rates are couver, believing that the success of get them there.· · increased, that means higher taxes in every Mr. RANKIN. There is enough poten city, county, and ,State in the Nation. It · democracy depends on education, did educate those children. tial po_wer in Alaska, I will say to the also means a higher cost of doing business gentleman, if it were developed, to run a for utilities that serve a city, which will re The cost of this was exceedingly heavy sult in higher rates to the utilities. Higher dozen States, almost. on the school district of Vancouver. The Mr. CRAWFORD. ~~ That may be true. taxes and higher utility and transportation Federal Government has shared some of rates wm mean hig~r w.ages and higher I have no patience at all with the argu prices, both of which add to the spiral of in that cost, but not all by any means. As ment to the effect that the Alaskan peo flation. Secretary of the Treasury Snyder is a result of this heavy cost, the Vancouver ple cannot afford to pay for the State resisting this move to substantially increase school district no longer is in as good · government which the Alaskan people long-term :interest rates but the proposal is financial condition as it should be. will impose upon themselves. I have no being pushed by very strong and influential The Federal Works Agency which has people. surveyed the conditions believe that the patience with the argument to the ef TIGHTER CREDIT fect that the people of the United States full $2,000,000 is required to reimburse are able to do these other things in the Februar.y 19, 1948, I made the follow Vancouver and some 100 other similarly world and yet we are unable to finance ing statement concerning higher interest situated cities, and communities which a new statehood in Hawaii or finance ,a rates: suffer from war-swollen populations for new statehood in Alaska. So I think The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, the financial sacrifices the citizens of we' had better drop' that argument that Government-owned, has been the means of these cities and districts have made. some people have been using in recent keeping interest rates down the past 15 years: I hope that the full $2,000,000 orig however, last session of Congress, the RFC months. Continuing with this matter· of inally proposed for this item will be re defense which the Committee on Appro was hog-tied and does not have the power to stored in the bill. keep interest rates down that it formerly priations has approved here on these had. The lending institutions are taking Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield three items, plus others which are men adva11tage ...,of this and are demanding higher_ the remainder of the time to the gen. tioned in this bilf; I am in full accord and higher interest rates. This can ·lead to tleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD]. with it, and I . congratulate the com considerable trouble. The credit needs of Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, the mittee. So far as I am cohcerned, I am business are very large and any increase in, committee has acted on three proposi ready to '"vote for the reenactment of interest rates ·Will be refiected in higher tions in this proposal, and I wish to con prices to the consumers. If the electric selective service just as quickly as the light, gas, water, railroads, and other utili gratulate them for their good sense and proper committee can bring it before ties are compelled to pay higher interest statesmanship. I refer specifically to this body. We might as well get into rates, they will be seeking higher rates from the subject matter of the Bonneville· the harness at1d take up the financial ob the consumers, which will lead to higher Power Administration on page 6 of the ligation we have now assumed under taxes from the city to the Federal· Govern report, Mount Edgecumbe Sanatorium, the proposition voted upon here yester ment level. During the war, the a verage Sitka, Alaska, page 7 of the report; and day afternoon. I am not in favor of annual rate of interest paid by the Govern particularly Turnagain Arm Road in ment on Government bonds was less than 2 proceeding at this time with universal percent; on account .of tightening our in~ Alaska, which is covered on page 8 of military training, and !itt the present. terest rate,s the last few weeks, the average . the report. time I do not propose to support it. But on the national debt has already increased Yesterday afternoon this body over I do want my people to understand that substantially above 2 percent. Higher in whelmingly approved the plan for Eu although I voted against that bill yes terest rates are already slowing housing con- ropean relief, which plan I voted against, terday afternoon, I voted my convictions .• . struction. and I am now satisfied that we are on oh it. I still think it is an unsound Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the way to plenty of trouble in the years course for us to have adopted. How such time as he may desire to the gentle to come, and insofar as I am personally ever, it is now the policy of this country, man from Washington [Mr. MACK]. concerned, I propose to support appro and I have serious doubts now whether Mr. MACK. Mr. Chairman, the House priations. and other proposals to build this Congress should further' support the Appropriations Committee and its able the pefense of this country, to the end reduction in taxes, ·because there is very chairman [Mr. TABER] are entitled to the that we may meet the military obliga- little sense in our voting tax reductions
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1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3983 and then voting as we did _yesterday aft timony discloses that these programs are high in the society of his own community ernoon. I shall not be at all disap._ successful in only 38 percent of the cases. and not ·be a ward of that particular l pointed if the President's veto of the tax They go further to say that on this basis community. Of these additional funds bill is not overridden, because it will sim it seems fair' to say that expenditures in that are asked for, ther~ is nothing that ply be a piecemeal affair; for next year 62 percent of the cases are wasted be- goes for additional personnel. What we will need between $45,000,000,000 and cause they fail to result in placing the in- they are trying to do is to get $2,000,000 $55,000,000,000 or more · in the Budget dividuals involved on an employable to brin·g their program 'for the year 1948 on today's price levels. · At the same basis. This is a misleading statement. up to date mainly because of the rise in time, I am not going to raise any bitter When I read this statement this after- the cost of living and the rise in the cost argument about giving the people a lit noon, having only finished with the tes- ·of services which are necessary to take tle grass for the current calendar year timony of this agency 3 or 4 weeks ago care of these poor, unfortunate people. in the way of a tax reduction. But as before the Subcommittee on Labor and The only money out of these $2,000,000 we give it to them, we had better say Federal Security Appropriations, I which will go for anything else is $75,000 to tliem that we will increase taxes next checked into the figures · we -received in for audit adjustments. I think any year or we will go into deficit financing. the hearings held by our committee, and sound governmental agency wants to I do not propose to support deficit financ I find that this &tatement is completely make sure that their agency is in a sound ing where the national· income is rUn misleading. Apparently the Deficiency fiscal position and so that they know ning at the rate of $225,000,000,000 to Committee, in considering these per- where every dime is being ·spent. $250,000,000,000 a year. centages, took into consideration that This agency asked for $3,500,000 more The CHAIRMAN. The time of the there were 112,000 applicants for voca- than we allowed them for the fiscal year gentleman from Michigan has expired. tiona! rehabilitation and only 43,800 were 1949. I offered . an amendment at that All time has expired. actually rehabilitated. The truth of the tinie to raise the amount from eighteen The Clerk will read the bill for amend matter is that, out of the 112,00P applica- million dollars to twenty-one-million ment. tions for rehabilitation, 46,000 · were four - hundred-thousand-and-some-odd The Clerk read as follows: thrown out on the basis of the applica- dollars. I gave as m:v reasons that the Construction of buildings: In addition to tion and the individuals would receive no economic value to our Government was the appropriation of e1,377,920 contained in help whatever. An additional 20,000 great as was. the humane value to the the Federal Security Agency Appropriation were thrown out after they had applied. person who was being rehabilitated. My Act, 1947, for the construction of an engi Therefore the actual figures are that distinguished chairman of the Subcom- neering building and women's dormitory 46,000 p.nits on the grounds of Howard University, applicants were taken into the mittee on Appropriations, the gentleman the Public Buildings Administration is au program and 43,800 were rehabilitated from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE], admitted thorized to enter into contracts for the pur and are employed today, which on a per- that it was a 'great program. But the poses of said appropriation in an amount not centage basis means that 94.3 percent are only thing that he had to offer that day to exceed $1,706,000: Provided, That. no con now employed. That is a pretty good was, "We must stop somewher~." Now tract shall be entered into for such: pur record for a Government agency to es· I realize also that these things cannot poaes which will result iri a total cost to tablish on the applicants they work with keep going on and on pyramiding year the Federal Government for completion of Mind you, on the basis of the economy of after year, but we are responsible for such buildings in excess of $1,788,000 for the engineering building and $1,37.8,000 for the <,mr country, those 44,000 persons who this money that they are asking for now. women's dormitory units: Provided further, were rehabilitated in 1947 have an earn- We passed the ·original law. This law That the limitations .on contract authority ing capacity now of $70,000,000. They has been in effect since 1920. Five years and total cost may be exceeded or shall be are turning .in to the Federal Govern- ago the Congres liberalized the law. We reduced by an amount equa_l to the percent ment in taxes $5,600,000. As a result, for placed no limitations ~ then oil the age increase or decrease, if any, tn con every dollar that we appropriate for this amounts that could be expended. If we struction costs generally dating from Janu program the Federal Government gets in want to do this in the right way and place ary 1, 1948, as determined by the Federal Works Administrator: Provided further, That return $10. It is not only beneficial to a limitation on the amounts to be ap transfers of funds may be made to the Pub the Government, it is beneficial to every propriated by this Congress or future lic Buildings Administration, Federal Works community in this country. It is bene- Congresses, we should put a limitation Agency, of amounts appropriated for con ficial to every State in the country. in as to the number of people who can struction of these buildings. Mr. POTTER. Mr. Chairman, will the be rehabilitated year after year. In that Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Chairman, I of gentleman yield? · program which they have for 1949, if fer an amendment. Mr. FOGARTY. I yield. they receive the $3,500,000 additional, The Clerk read as follows: Mr. POTTER. Is it not true that the they could by their own figures rehabili States have appropriated as much money tate 64,000 people in the next fis~al year Amendment offered by Mr. FoGARTY: On page 6, after line 7, insert the following: as they expected the Federal Govern- who will have an earning capacity of ment would match with Federal funds, $100,000,000. They would pay in Fed "OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION and that the programs have been started eral taxes about $9,000,000 to say noth "Payments to States (including Alaska, to rehabilitate disabled persons? Those ing of State and local taxes, not taking Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) : For an additional programs will be curtailed and the money into consideration the relief load which amount for payments to States in accord then will be wasted that has already been would be lifted from the local communi ance with the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, as amended (29 U. S. C., ch. 4), $2,000,000." put into the program. ties and the States and ~ur Federal Gov- Mr. FOGARTY. You are absolutely ernment as well. Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. . Chairman, I ask right. If these $2,000,000 are refused it Mr. Chairman, if there was ever a more unanimous consent to proceed for five means that the number of applicants worth-while project in our' Government; additional minutes. they had hoped to rehabilitate in the one so necessary in the functions of those The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection year 1948 cannot be rehabilitated. They who are not able, through no fault· of to the request of the gentleman from must say to 2,000 or 3,000 people who their own, to earn a living for the~selves, Rhode Island? have been promised these services and I have never heard of it. It is a responsi There was no objection. this help by the Federal Government that bility we owe to those unfortunate peo-. Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Chairman·, in my the Congress refuses to appropriate the pie. There is something that can be honest opinion, the Office of Vocational necessary amount to rehabilitate them in done about it. we can get them back Rehabilitation is one of the best agencies the year 1_948. They will be told, "You I rth h'l of the Government I have ever run will just have to wait your turn." Read on their feet. t is a wo -w 1 e pro- across. They have appealed to the D~ the hearings before the deficiency com- gram and I sincerely hope that this ficiency Committee this year for mtttee. There was no justification, in House this afternoon will grant this $2,000,000, and that has been stricken my opinion, to leave out this $2,ooo,ooo. $2,000,000 additional that this Agency from the bill you have before you this That is one of the best agencies in the . needs for the fiscal year 1948. afternoon. country today, It is doing most good The CHA~AN. The time of the I noticed in reading the report of the for those who do not have a chance to gentleman from Rhode Island has ex c.ommittee that they have denied this get by. It gives to every person who is pired. $2,000,000 for additional' grants to. States of employable age and who can be re- Mrs. LUSK. Mr. Chairman, I move to on the basis that they claim that the tes- habilitated a chance to hold his head .. strike out the last word. 3984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 1 Mr. Chairman, I rise in behalf of this trainees are successful when they reen cases that came in and applied and were amendment. Like the previous speaker, ter employment. We have in New Mex automatically closed without service be I, too, am deep~y interested in this pro ico a health situation. A great many ing rendered, because they were not gr~m. but from a different angle. I am people come there for health purposes, eligible, possibly, for the training. interested in the trainees, the prospective and when they are able to work again I am not exactly a novice in the field trainees, ·who would like to retrain in· they must learn to do something that of vocational rehabilitation. I think it order that· they might become self-sup will not be too much of a hazard upon is very essential that we salvage as many porting and not be a liability upon the their health after they have recovered broken bodies as possible. In fact, I Government any long_er.- from tuberculosis or other respiratory much prefer to vote for an amendment There are two · justifications, I think, troubles. Those people have to be given that will provide $2,000,000, which will for the restoration of this $2,000,000 re some opportunity to learn a new work. be matched by the State~. thus having a quested in the original budget. In the This is the only program that provides $4,000,000 training program for disabled first place, the $2,000,000 represents just that opportunity. Too many of the civilians, so that those people will be about the percentage of the budget that prospective trainees have no money for come tax producers. and not tax con our cost-of-living percentage has· risen education after they have undergone sumers. over the past year. In addition to that medical care and health resoration. Mr. SCHWABE of Oklahoma. Mr. the war industries during the war period ·Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I ask Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to were a great hazard to those people wh.o unanimous consent that all debate on extend my remarks at this point in the were engaged in the industry, A great this amendment and all amendments RECORD. many people, because of accidents, had thereto close in 10 minutes. The CHAIRMAN.· Is there objection to retrain in order that they may become The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from self -supporting. to the request of the gentleman from Oklahoma? I would like to give you a little inci New York? There was no objection. dent in my experience as executive o:m There was no objection. Mr. SCHWABE of Oklahoma. Mr. cer of that program in New Mexico. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog Chairman, I am in receipt of a letter During part of the year 1944 an.d the nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. from Mr. Boyle C. Scurlock, director of fiscal year ending July 1, 1 945, we had POTTER]. vocational rehabilitation division, State trained 79 people who were really ready Mr. POTTER. Mr. Chairman, may I Department of Vocational Education .of for entering employment again. The ask the chairman of the subcommittee the State of Oklahoma, dated March 19, first year's check on their salaries, their [Mr. KEEFE] if this $2,000,000 is not ap 1948, in :Which Mr. Scurlock said to me: earnings, amounted, to something over propriated will it curtail the services to It is gratifying to know that you, as a $100,000 for those 79 workers who were disabled persons that have already been member of the Subcommittee on Appropria retrained under the program. Their started? t!.ons handling the appropriations for voca withholding taxes or income taxes Mr. KEEFE. My understanding is that tional education and rehabilitation, are alert amounted to more than half of the year's it will curtail the number of those that to some of the dangers to these programs, and Federal money received by the State ~or come into the program. are conscious of the need for good State the support of the program. If those 79 · Mr. POTTER. In other words, a Federal relations in programs such as these, people could do that in 1 year it would where both State and Federal funds are trainee who has already started and is involved. · · not take very long to pay back· their in the middle of his training will not be debt to· the Government for their train dropped because of lack of funds? The arguments which have been made ing. I · cannot think of any program Mr. KEEFE. That is my. understand in -behalf o:Z this amendment are not that the Government sponsors that does ing of it. It will simply curtail the num tena.ble. The arguments against it are . as much good as vocational rehabilita ber that they take in month after month, fully supported by the record, as reflected tion. It is true that the program is not that is all. I re·ad the record, and I hope in the printed hearings. The amend so well known, but it is not well known the gentleman heard the questions and ment should be voted down. for one special reason. The instructors the answers that I tlirected to Mr. Short Mr. TABER. Mr; Chairman, so that and the supervisors and the workers in ly, the director. the Members may have the exact picture this program go quietly about their work, Mr. POTTER. I was not certain about on this and may know what it i~?, there because it is the desire of the leadership that and I wanted it cleared up. was enough appropriated for this cur to protect the unfortunate people who Mr. KEEFE. That is my understand rent year so that there were allotments need the training, If too much publicity made for four quarters of $4,500,000 for were given to the work and to the oppor ing of it. In other words, they have certain people who are eligible for the each quarter. There is remaining $4,- tunities offered, it might result in a hesi 500,000 to carry it through the balance tancy on the part of some people to re program and they bring them in from month to month as they dig them out of of the ficsal year, to the first of July. If train, and I think it is very wise that they we add $2,000,000 to this, it raises the do protect the trainees. I would like to the population. It simply means that a reduced number will have the availa total for the quarter to $6,500,000. There urge that every Member reconsider and is no .State contribution •With reference help to restore this very much needed bility of the program to the end. of the fiscal year. to this item. Four times six and a half $2,000,000. . million would be setting this agency up Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. POTTER. On page 3 of the re port it is stated that only 38 percent of on a $26,000,000 basis for a year. We the gentlewoman yield? _ have just passed a bill providing $18,- Mrs. LUSK. I yield to the gentleman the cases have been successful. What is the basis for that? 000,000 for next year, after the House from Rhode Island. had thoroughly considered the matter. Mr. FOGARTY. I would just like to Mr. KEEFE. I did not write that re port, as the gentleman well knows. So that there may be no -misunder- · get these percentages straightened out. standing about the number of people in The statement in the report is completely While I am a member of the committee, it is not my report. The basis for it was volved, this question was asked, and I misleading that only 38 percent of the read from page .430 of the hearings: program has been successful. They had the language of the gentlemen who testi fied before the Deficiency Committee. The CHAIRMAN. How many people are in 111,000 cases in 1947. They screened out volved , in this set-up? How many ben 45,000 be-fore th~y gave them any service It is found on page 431 of the hearings. eficiaries are -there in this set-up through at all. They screened out an additional I read the questions and the answers the year? 20,000 after they had been talked to, from the hearings, and there it is: Mr. BuRNS. About 170,000. They are the which left a net s.um of 46,000 persons About what percentage are you able to the persons who· are receiving rehabilitation who were -in the program, and out of make a go of? _ services during the course of the year. 46,500, 43,800 were rehabilitated in 1947, Mr. BuRNs. That is running about 88 per The CHAIRMAN. How long is the average which is an average of 94.3 percent cent of cases closed. period of rehabilitation? Mr. BURNS. That has been running just successful. That is plain English to me. around 1 year. Out of that group, we as Mrs. LUSK. I am gla!'to answer the Mr. POTTER. That seems to coin pect 53,000 or 54,000 to come out who are gentl.eman from Rhode Island that in cide with what the gentleman on the rehabilitated-that is, successfully rehabU- our case more than 90 percent of the other side said, that that includes the 1tated, .
1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3985 The CHAmMAN, You expect 54,000 to be exist in my area. In the town of Ren district or by the State. Referring again rehabilitated-- ton, the population prior to the war_was to this situation in the town of. Renton, Mr. BURNs. During this year. · approximately 5,000. During the war their resources are limited, and approxi The CHAmMAN, And the others will not be; is that it? that populatiOn increased to 15,000. In mately 60 percent of the tax money paid Mr. BURNS. The most of them will not be. other words, the population tripled. It bY the citizens of that school district is easy to understand the increase in the goes for school purposes. So the local Mr. POTTER. Mr. Chairman, will the educational facility requirements which areas are contributing to their fullest gentleman yield? were necessary. The school district in extent to cover their school costs. The Mr. TABER. I yield. which Renton is situated, and the serv State government likewise is doing every Mr. POTTER. Does that not mean ices which were required for the school thing that it possibly can within the that they will not be rehabilitated and children who live in the Federal housing limitation imposed by the constitution their training will have to be given up areas which sprang up, almost tripled. _and the laWs of the State of Washington. and will have to go over until next year? Mr. COLMER. Mr. Chairman, will Now, a further question arises with Mr. TABER. I do not know. He says the gentleman yield? respect to tax money from the housing not during this year' but some of them Mr. TOLLEFSON. I yield. areas. These housing areas n.re federally would be rehabilitated in the opening Mr. COLMER. The gentleman seeks owned and cannot be taxed. It-is true months of next year. to reinstate that portion which was - that the Federal Government makes pay There are 170,000 beneficiaries; 54,000 authorized by the first session of the ments in lieu of txes, but it is agreed that would come out. Then I asked them Eightieth Congress, is that not correct? that amount of money paid in lieu of about what percentage they were able to Mr. TOLLEFSON. Approximately, taxes does not meet the need. There is make a go of, and Mr. Burns said, asap but not quite. no need to go into detail in the matter of pears on page 431 of the hearings, ''That Mr. COLMER. Not quite all of it? Federal aid advanced to these districts, is running about 38 percent of the cases Mr. TOLLEFSON. That is right. because that matter was fully covered closed." Mr. COLMER. But the House had when the Lanham Act was passed. I am friendly toward this program, but authorized it, and the Committee on The CHAIRMAN. The time of the it does ·seem to me that we have been Appropriations cut it down during the gentleman from Washington has ex very liberal in providing aid when we last session to approximately half. pired. can take care ot as many cases as we Mr. TOLLEFSON. That is correct. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I would are 'taking care of. We should not go And may I say to the gentleman at this like to see if we can get a limitation on ahead and add more than 50 percent to point that I am aware of his interest in debate. I · ask unanimous consent that the cost of this thing at this time. this matter and of his strenuous efforts debate on this section close in 15 minutes. Mr. Chairman, I hope the amendment over a long period of time to secure Fed The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection will not be agreed to. eral aid for our schools. He is to be . to the request of the gentleman from The CHAffiMAN. The question is on commended. for his excellent work. New York? the amendment offered by the gentleman Mr. COLMER. I just want to say I There was no objection. from Rhode Island\ [Mr. FOGARTY]. am for the gentleman's amendment and Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask The question was taken; and on a divi I hope the House will concur in it. unanimous consent that I may extend my sion (demanded by Mr. FoGARTY) there Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. Chairman, remarks after the vote on this bill. were--ayes 48, noes 79. will the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection So the amepdment was rejected. Mr. TOLLEFSON. I yield. to the request of the gentleman from The Clerk read as follows: Mr. MONRONEY. The amount which ·Michigan? Maintenance and operation of schools: these small schools would get would still There was no objection. For an additional amount for "Maintenance be $500,000 less than the House author Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. Chairman, I and operation of schools," $1,300,000; and ized for the schools. move to strike out the last two words. "/ the limitation under this head in the Second Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1948, on the Mr. TOLLEFSON. The gentleman is Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, will amount available for administrative expenses, correct. - the gentleman yield? is increased from "$50,000" to "$70,000." Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. the gentleman yield? Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. TOLLEFSON. I yield. unanimous consent to extend my remarks offer an amendment. Mr. MURDOCK. I can name right following the remarks of the gentleman The Clerk read as follows: offhand four districts in my State that from Oklahoma. Amendment offered by Mr. ToLLEFSON: On are in exactly the condition the gentle The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection page 6, line 21, strike out the figure "$1,- man describes. I am for the amend to the request of the gentleman from 300,000" and insert the figure "$2,000,000." ment heartily. Arizona? Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Chairman, Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, will the There was no objection. may I say at the outset that I -dislike gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman very much to offer an amendment which Mr. TOLLEFSON. I yield. from Oklahoma is 'recognized for 5 proposes to increase an item to which Mr. ANGELL. Some difficultY eXists minutes. I am sure the Committee on Appropria in many of the school districts of my own Mr. · MONRONEY. Mr. Chairman, I tions has given studious consideration. State, as the· gentleman knows, one par rise in support of this amendment. I I note in reading the hearings that ticularly in the Hanford area. Forty think it is a very worth-while, fair, and considerable testimony was taken on this thousand people came into that one area desirable amendment. After much de point, and I know that the committee has where there were no people living before. bate last year the Congress authorized discussed this item considerably, How The school district there is a Federal $5,000,000 to help out these weak .school ever, I would be derelict in my obligation project. The people come there to work districts whose enrollment had. been as I see it toward the people in my area for the Federal Government, and most vastly increased because of definite war if I did not seek to increase this item of them are veterans. The Federal Gov activities. from the amount that is in the bill, ernment has the responsibility of pro It was not any catch-all proposition, namelr $1,300,000 to the amount that viding necessary facilities not only for it was carefully limited to about 193 Lan was requested by the Federal Works housing but for carrying on the school ham Act schools that had this unusual Agency, namely, $2 ,000,000. This item ing of these children where the local enrollment burden pl;:~.ced upon them does not apply to the majority of the people have no opportunity at all to this staggering burden-because of the Members of the House. It applies only afford the schooling which the Federal location of war plants and industries, to those g-entlemen who come from areas Government has been affording. Boeing Aircraft, Douglas Aircraft, or where the population was increased be Mr. TOLLEFSON. I thank the gen some other big war installation. We cause of war industry activity. To cite tleman. therefore put money in the authorization just a simple example so that those of There are Members who come from bill because of this Government respon you who do not live in those areas will areas that do not have this problem and sibility. understand the problem, I will refer to the question may occur to them as to the Although their estimate was that they one of the seven school districts that efforts being made by the local school required $5,500,000 it was reduced by the 3986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-" HOUSE APRIL 1 House to $5 ,000,000. This Appropria citizenry. Let us remember this, as we Mr. SANBORN. I yield to the gen !iions Committee is reducing the amount vote on this particular item to make tleman from Idaho. authorized by $1,200,000. They are even more funds available for the education Mr. GOFF. In confirmation of the cutting $700,000 from the bare minimum of American children in areas made gentleman's statement here may I read recommended by the Public Works Ad critical by war conditions. the following telegram which I have just · ministration. This administration has The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog received.: · arready reduced the schools' total re nizes the gentleman from Idaho [Mr. POCATELLO, IDAHO, April 1, 1948. quests of $5,500,000 down to .$4,914,000. SANBORN]. Congressman ABE GoFF, In other words, there has been a bur Mr. SANBORN. Mr. Chairman, I am House of Representatives: den of several hundred thousands al very much interested in the pending Actual deficit due Pocatello schools unpaid ready placed on these schools of money amendment because of the condition of by Federal Government through Lanham Act now called Landis Act on June '· 30, 1947, that they will not get and now we are schools in my district. The Pocatello $19,156.23. Entreat you appear before lower cutting it further, $650,000 in addition to school has been under a heavy expense House this· afternoon with this telegram and this reduction. in providing school facilities for children _ present Pocatello status. Thanks. I know it will be argued by the Appro belonging to employees of the naval gun GEORGE N. GREEN, priations Committee that $614,000 of this reboring establishment and the school Superintendent of Schools. money represents a· deficit for the pre authorities find themselves in a very dif ceding year. It does represent a deficit, ·ficult situation on this account. I know This represents the amount that that the committee is taking the position should have been paid PY the Govern- but in all of the past history of the ad ment to the school. ministration of this act we have covered that under this law deficits from pre.vi- . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the those deficits within the current year's ous ye:>,rs cannot be considered. As a appropriation. · matter of fact, however, the Acting gentleman from Idaho has expired. So what in effect we will be doing if we Comptroller General of the United States, The Chair recognizes the gentleman deny this additional $700,000 to 'these Frank L. Yates, rendered an opinion to from South Dakota [Mr. CAsE]. 135 small school ·districts is • short the committee on this point, from which Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. , changing them by $700,000. We are I quote the following: Chairman, this particular cause is one going to take it out .of the educational As the indebt edness of a particular school for which I have a great deal of sym budgets of these small schools burdened district is a legal obligation which it cannot pathy. Last year I introduced one -of by this increased enrollment that was avoid, I think it only reasonable to regard the first bills that proposed to estab placed on them by the mighty United such obligation as in the nature of an en- 11sh a fund so that the various Federal States Government. We are refusing to cumbrance upon the income of the school agencies which create common school district and that, in a real sense, such portion problems in various parts of the country go along with our plain and simple re of its income is not available for maintenance might have the funds to meet the edu sponsibility if we refuse this $700,000 . and operation expenses within the contem- appropriation. "Remember that it is still platiop of the agreements entered into be- cational .responsibilities that developed. $500,000 less than the House itself has tween the school agencies and the Federal That was a - ve·ry broad -bill. Several authorized for this emergency school Government. In other words, the amount other Members of the House introduced W:Jrk. which is actually available for such expenses similar bills. Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, I is represented by the net funds remaining The matter was considered by the want to add my voice to that of others from estimated income after deduction of Committee on Education and Labor. · 1 such amounts as may be req-qired' to satisfy think the gentleman from Texas [Mr. who are urging that the amount for the proper obligations incurred in 'the prior 'Federal Works Agency, to be used for .school year. For these reasons, this method COMBS] Will recall the history Of the certain public schools, be increased from of determining the amount of the Govern- legislation because he ,was helpful in the $1,300,000 to ·the full amount of the ment's contribution for school purposes is presentation that was made. When the budget estimate of $2,000,000. Let it be not believed to be prohibited by Public Law presentation was made to the Commit- remembered that all of this and more 317, supra, and, so far as this office is con- ·tee on Education and Labor it became has been authorized. cerned, no objection thereto will be inter- evident that the amount involved, 'if This valuable help to schools which posed. we took up the problem of providing found themselves faced with building Mr. Chairman, that answers the ob- schooling for the national parks and the and personnel problems, because of war jections that the committee has raised nationd forests and all the military swollen population in certain areas, has in connection with this matter. . It is reservations· and all the public housing meant a great deal to many of the Ari certainly necessary to have more money projects, would be ~o large that the Com zona schools, just as it has to schools in this appropriation than the bill calls mittee on Education and Labor just throughout our country. Without it they for. In previous appropriations there backed away from it and said, "We can could not have carried on. Certain of has been an actual deficit and that deft- not tackle that .problem at this time." them in Arizona would have found it im cit has not been taken care of. As a Then an emergency arose for we had the possible to meet those after-war prob result, deficits have occurred in these expiration of the Lanham Act facing us, lems, and ~ven today some of the same schools. · and we sought to get a bill through to schools are still handling overloads that Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will provide money for this purpose. I per- are a direct consequence of shifting the gentleman yield? sonally wrote the text of the bill on populations due to war activities. As I Mr. SANBORN. I yield to the gentle- whi·ch this appropriation is mad·e, and indicated to the gentleman offering the man from Michigan. ' it was introduced by the gentleman . amendment, such is the case of Issac Mr. DONDERO. If this amendment from Indiana [Mr. LANDisJ. We wrote school district and Washington school is agreed to will it then go beyond the it as we did so that it could be referred district on the outskirts of Phoenix, and authorization of the amounts provided to the Committee on ·Education . and Sunnyside school district and Amphi for these schools such as the gentleman Labor, which heard the testimony, rather theater school district on the outskirts has described? than as an amendment of the Lanham of Tucson. I have now in my office Mr. SANBORN. I think not. Act which would have gone to the Pub- pleas from officials of the schools and Mr. DONDERO. How much is left of lie Works Committee. We did that for from school-board members, urging that the $5,000,000 that was authorized and the purpose of expediting consideration I do_everything possible to continue these not yet appropriated. by getting the bill before the committee Federal funds, as otherwise· their edu Mr. SANBORN. About a half-million which had heard the whole testimony. cational activities would have to be dollars, I believe, which is being proc- It' was in the closing days of the session. limited through part-time classes or essed at the present time. The bill passed the House. The Budget greatly overloaded classes, or through Mr. DONDERO. The bill has in it estimate was sent before the Senate and reduction in the length of the school · $1,300,000. The amendment would there, growing out of an item that was term. raise that to $2,000,000. Will that take - put in the Senate and growing out of At the same time that we are helping it beyond the amount authorized by the the conference, $2,500,000 was provided. democratic forces abroad, let us not for Congress? The budget estimates · came Up for an get that the very basis of democracy Mr. SANBORN. I think not. additional $2,000,000 this year. The and the only hope for its continuation Mr. GOFF. Mr. Chairman, will the reason that the Committee on Appro- lies in ·an educated and well-informed gentleman yield? priations has · recommended $1,300,000 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3987
is that that is in accord with the anal The appropriate agency administering Mrs. DOUGL~S. Mr. Chairman, I ysis of the problem made by the admin- this law requested a deflcie cy appropria move to strike out the last word, and istrative agency. - tion of $2,000,000 in the present-bill. But _ ask· unanimous consent. to speak out of On page 13 of the hearings Mr. Field the appropriation committee has cut that order and to revise and extend my re said: to $1,300,000. ·The sum· eliminated by marks. To date we have not financed .any of the the committee was requested for the pur The CHAffiM~. Is. there objection last year's -deficit because I felt there was pose of paying to something more than to the request of the gentlewoman from a question in tl}e minds of our own staff 130 schools, most of them small, the sums California? as to whether or not, due to the limited still due them on commitments of prior There was no objection. · funds available, we should finance· a deficit years which were not fully paid because tha~ occurred prior to July 1, 1947. Mrs. DOUGLAS. Mr. Chairman, the of lack of funds. action of the House of Representatives And General Fleming, who is the head Now this came about not by reason of on Spain and the European recovery of the Public Works Agency, in making any error in the budget estimates of the program is perhaps a diplomatic disaster the request for the funds before the schools, as the gentleman from . South that can be repaired. So Mr. Walter Senate committee testified: Dakota suggested. It came about because Lippmann says this morning in his syndi These funds will be used in aid of mainte- commitments made to those schools by cated column that goes throughout the nance and operation of schools, 1947-48. the appropriate Government" agency were Nation. What he means is, of course, not paid in full. I think we will be setting I am taking . this position because I no bad precedent whatever to up the ap- that the conferees still have a chance to think buod faith requires it in keeping propriation in this bill to the $2,000,000 repair the injury done to our foreign pol with the presentation that was made as requested. These funds are badly needed icy in the hasty action that was taken to what this money was to be used for, by the schools. It may be that this does by the House of Representatives. which was for ·the use of sch0ols to meet not represent a debt of the United States Mr. Lippmann-is not alone in describ- · their operating expenses in 1947 and Government in a legal sense, but to my ing our action as a diplomatic disaster. 1948. It is true that the Comptroller way of thinking it does represent a moral The newspaper columnists and the radio , General has said that it is not illegal obligation, and I trust you will vote for commentators of this Nation and tlie to _use some of the money to pay for the amendment offered by the gentleman world have been talking these last 48 deficits _of prior years, but that is not from Washington [Mr. ToLLEFSON]. hours about the unfortunate vote that in keeping with the plea on which the Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Chairman, prior was taken in the House. The amend bill was originally presented. And let to World war II the normal enrollment ment was adopted, let us remember, after me suggest to you that there is a very in school district No. 4, - Charleston a few ~inutes of hasty debate. Never bad principle involved there if we r c- County, s. c., was 4,000 students. As a did so many people know so little about ognize the principle that school districts result of naval shipbuilding activities so much as when the Members voted on or any local taxing body can make up its d th 1 the Spain amendment. · budget as it pleases and pas~ its deficits an o er mi itary installations activities The founding fathers, when ·they off to ·the. Federal Government . . We the enrollment reached a top figure of - 10,356. Since the war the enrollment ·· wrote our Constitution, never intended have then surrendered to local taxing d:r:opped to 8,838 in 1947, a mere 15 per- that the fo_reign policy of this Nation bodies · the right to make levies upon cent of maximum influx. The large in was to be formulated in heated, ill-con , the Federal Treasury. The amendment - crease in enrollment was due to the in sidf:1red, _and hasty debate by the l9wer should. be rejected. liouse. Foreign policy that affects our The CHAIRMAN. The time of the crease in Federal activities in school district No. 4. The largest .of these national security into the far future de gentleman from South Dakota has ex- Federal industries is the Charleston mands mature consideration. It cannot pired. All time has expired. · naval shipyard.· It, according to a re be ar'rived at in the manner in which Mr. CANNON. -Mr. Chairman, I ask we adopted the amendment on Spain. unanimous consent that the gentleman · cent newspaper statement by the Com- mandant, employs more persons than This amendment has not changed the from Texas [Mr. COMBS] and the gentle- any other industry in South Carolina. position of Spain in relation to the other man from South Carolina [Mr. RIVERS] may extend their .remarks at this point The Army instf..llations have virtually nations of Europe. Those who are in the RECORD: · closed out, but the people they brought friends of the pz_:esent Government of The_CHAIRMAN. Is there objection there are still living where they were f?pafn have not brought Spain into the to the request of the gentleman from during the war, in Cooper River School European recovery program by this Missouri? · District No. 4. Most of the property is amendment. There was no objection. permanently off· the tax books, the ones But the 188 Members that voted .for Mr. COMBS. Mr. Chairman, the gen- now in existence are not assessed for tax this amendment have given a club to ·ueman from South Dakota [Mr. CAsE] purposes inasmuch. as they are owned the Communists in Europe and around is slightly in error in his recital of the either by the Federal Government or the the world to beat over the head the lib history of this school aid appropriation. State. The school district is facing a erals who are fighting for free govern I know he did not Intend to be but he, deficit in operating funds. The only fair ment today. We have greatly jeopar like the bala:'nce of us, has many things solution is Federal assistance, which may dized the chances of the non-Communist on his mind these days. be done through continuation of the Lan- forces to win. the Italian election.- Is The authorization for aid to schools ham Act. that what we wanted? in the war congested areas was for Another situation in the First Con The 188 Members that voted for this $5,000,0()0 as he has said. The appro- gressional District of South Carolina is amendment struck a blow at the United priation bill containing it was brought up at Beaufort, adjacent to Parris Island, Nations, which passed a resolution to in the House in almost the closing hQurs the Marine boot training camp. Beau which we were a party, condemning the of the first session of the Eightieth Con- fort is also the location of a new $10,..; Franco government. Is this what the gress last July. And in ironing out differ- 000,000 naval hospital. Again, the only House of Representatives wanted? ences bet weep .the House and Senate fair solution is Federal assistance, which The amendment was · a blow to the bills, the appro:priation was reduced $2,- may be done through continuation of the leadership of the United States within 50Q.~OO. I, among others, .opposed that _ Lanham Act. Accordingly, I urge such the United Nations. Is that what the and m .the House debate :pOinted ~ut that continuation, for at least another year. House of Representatives wanted? The according to the-be_st estimates We could The CHAIRMAN. The question is on manner in which the vote was taken on get, the whole $5,000:00.0 would be needed. . the amendment offered by the gentlem n Spain is something that we ought to re However, I recall distmctly that several . a examine, so that in the future when we :other Members suggested that since the from Washmgton [Mr. ToLLEFSON]· . proceed to make foreign policy · on the estimates might be in error, we should The question was taken; and on a divi- highest level in this lower House, we will ·concur in' the-$2,500,000 appropriation, Sian .(demanded by Mr. TOLLEFSON) there understand what we are doing and we and that if-it' should be found that the were-ayes 42, noe~ 51. will understand that we cannot act in amount so appropriated was insuftlcient, · The Committee again divid~; and the the hasty, ill-considered manner in ·a deficiency appropriation could be passed tellers reported that there were"-ayes 68, which we acted on Spain if we intend during the second sesston of the Eightieth noes 65. · to retain our Nation's place of leadership Congress making up the- needed amount. So the amendment was agreed to; - in the world and if we -intend to win the 3988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 1 ideological battle upon which we have ness, and sound character. I am sure 000,000 below the budget estimate, allow embarked everywhere in the world .. that Carl Gray believes that it is his. the full amount. ' Do we not know that arms alone can function to administer the veterans' laws It is purely a mathematical proposi- · not guarantee .our national security? I in the manner and spirit in which they . tion at this time, according to the most pose the question asked ·by Sumner are enacted by the Congress and within recently ascertainable data, there are Welles, "Are· we prepared to agree that the fiscal limitations prescribed by it. pending applications requiring $306,000,- our moral prestige and the confidence of Although his recent order prescribing a 000 in loans. And there will accumulate other peoples ·in. the good faith of this reduction in personnel was not a pleasant during the coming fiscal year applica country are no longer vital elements of act for him te perform, it was done in tions requiring $500,000,000 additional our national security?" · order to maintain his agency within the funds. Under the terms of the bill this Are we prepared to become the cham congressonal appropriations of money, appropriation will be available after the pions of fascism wherever it exists in the and is evidentuary of his.desire to manage end of the fiscal year, June 30, 1948, and world? " the Veterans' Administration in accord will require, even for the loans now in We must not in our efforts to oppose ance with the rule book. The Gover sight, a minimum of $806,000,000 be communism take steps which destroy our ment has long needed able men like tween the date of the approval of this moral integrity. General Gray. act and June 30, 1949. We wish General Gray continued suc To meet this need of $806,000,000 to I pray that the conferees will repair cess in office. His many years of re the damage that has been done. fina1;1ce applications already .in sight, we sponsible executive experience and the will have the $400,000,000 carried in _ The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will record he has established in the first the Department of Agriculture appropri read. 3 months of office furnishes every reason ation bill, and the $75,000,000 proposed The Clerk read as follows: for our belief that he will go on and by the committee in this bill. That will VETERANS' ADMINI STRATION . establish for hil11Self a record as an out be only $475,000,000 to supply $806,000,- Administration, medical, hospital, and standing Government Administrator. 000 needed in the next ~5 months. domiciliary· services: For an addit ional .. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on $175,000,- amount for · administration, medical, hos Even if you provide the full the amendment offered by the gentleman 000, the full budget estimate, as provided pital, and domicili~ry services! $3,000,000. from Oklahoma [Mr. PEDENL · by the pending amendmen.t, we will still · Mr. PEDEN. Mr. Chairman, I offer an · The amendment was agreed to. have only $575,000,000 in funds to meet amendment~ The Clerk read as follows: $806,000,00b in. applications. There are The Clerk read as follows: Loans: The aut horization under this head farmers · all over the Nation who have Amendment offered by Mr. PEDEN > On page in the Department of Agriculture Appropria had ,their applications for current on 9, line 5, after "administration", insert "in tion Act, 1948, for borrowings from the Secre fil ~ for 2 and 3 years. Many have had cluding necessary contact representatives." tary of the Treasury under section 3 (a) of their houses and .barns wired, and appli the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as ances installed, f.er months; but they are Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the amended, is increased from "$225,000,000" to gentleman yield? "$300,000,000." without service because we have not ap · Mr; PEDEN. ·I yield. propria~ ed enough money to process their Mr. TABER.' I have no personal objec Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I offer . loans. . It is true, as the chairman will tion to the gentleman's amendment. an amendment. say, that poles and copper wire and Mr. PEDEN. I am pleased to know The Clerk read as follows: transformers are not immediately avail that we are ·all in accord in recognizing Amendment offered by Mr. CANNON: On able; but the sooner they are ordered, the valuable service rendered bY the page 10; line 7, strike out "$300,000,000" and the sooner they. will be delivered, and contact representatives. The recent insert in lieu thereof "$400,000,000." without this appropriation we cannot reduction in.this type of service in many Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, the file t.heir orders. parts of the country is working great merits of the Rural Electrification Ad I could understand the committee's hardships on the veterans. This is the ministration have been debated so often , position if this item and this appropria real grass-root service of the Veterans' and so exhaustively here on the floor tion involved a grant or a gratuity or a Administration and should be maintained that Members of the House are familiar contribution of any kind on the part of in every instance where possible. This with its advantages and its needs. So the· Government. But it is not a grant. amendment will make certain the rein I shall not take the time of the House to It is a loan. And it is a loan on the statement' of all . the necessary contact discuss it except to say that if you comb best of security. It is a loan which will representatives who have been notified over the entire .rural area. of the United be paid back with interest. There ·is in to close such services to the veterans. States this afternoon you would not find neither this paragraph of the bill, nor in Mr~ DEVITT. Mr. Chairman, in con a single farmer in the entire United this amendment, a charge of a single nection with our consideration of addi States who does not favor adequate pro penny against the United States Treas- tional appropriatons for the Veterans' vision for its support. The farmers of ury. It is strictly a business transaction Administration, I am prompted to make. America sometimes find it difficult to get with the undisputed assurance that the an observation .with reference to Carl together. They may disagree on many Government will get back, not only the R. Gray, Jr., Administrator of that matters, but there is one thing on principal of the loan in full, but sub Agency. which they are unanimously agreed, and stantial interest as well, a highly attrac Today marks the completion of the that is on the bene.fits of the Rural Elec tive investment. · third month of his incumbency of that trification Administration and the im . And it means increased health, happi office. At the time his appointment was portance of providing adequate facili ness, and prosperity for the farm family. announced by President Truman, I ad ties for its maintenance and expansion. It is a proposition in which the Govern vised my colleagues of the House of the And I think, Mr. Chairman, there is ment has everything to gain and nothing splendid background, training, and no Member of the House of Representa to lose. character Mr. Gray· possessed and pre tives here this afternoon who is not Mr. COLE of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, dicted for him a highly successful term thoroughly convinced of the invaluable will the gentleman yield? of office. His management of the affairs service rendered by Rural Electrification Mr. CANNON. I yield to my colleague of the Veterans' Administration in the to rural America in particular and the from Missouri. last 3 months furnishes the best evidence Nation in general. -Mr. COLE of Missouri. I believe thrt of ·the truth of my previous observations. gentleman will agree that the security It can truly .be said that we now have an The only question then, which presents required by the REA on these· loans is exceptionally able Administrator of the itself here this afternoon in connection such that they must be repaid. It is not largest of our Government agencies. In with this amendment is the amount a question of dishing out as we did in the recent appearances . before the Appro needed for the development and whole: bill we passed yesterday. We are going priations Committee in connection with some growth of REA at this time and the to get back this money, and get it back the issuance of. orders providing~ for a advantage of making provision for the with interest. Am I not correct? . reduction of personnel in orde11 to keep full budget estimate at this time. Mr. CANNON . . The gentleman is emi within his appr,opriations, I am advised , For that is all we are asking in this nently correct. The collateral is the best that he · impressed the members of the amendment. That the Committee in security in the world based on monthly committee with his ability, forthright- stead of cutting the appropriation $100,- cash payments for service which may be
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1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3989 discontinued for nonpayment. The ex proving your position if you go ahead and- plies which they need to extend their perience of REA over the dozen years increase this item. · lines, whereas the utility companies can since it was initiated in 1936 has been one The CHAIRMAN. The time of the always place their orders. They have , of continued repayment of loans before gentleman from New York has expired. the funds with which to pay for t}Jem, maturity and prompt liquidation of all Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Chairman, I therefore; they get the preference in the accrued interest. move to strike out the last word. delivery of those orders, thereby delay I trust the amendment will be agreed Mr. Chairman, I rise to support of ing construction of REA projects. to and the full amount of the budget esti- the pending amenQ.ment. In fact, Mr. Mr. BARRETT. The gentleman is mate provided. · Chairman, I have an identica~ amend exactly right. Last year rural electric Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in ment to that offered by the gentleman service was extended to 345,000 new REA opposition to the amendment. from Missouri -on the Speaker's. rdesk. consumers. About 80 percent of them Mr. Chairman, last year we appro It seems to me that if we are go:. · are farmers. The fact is that the Inter priated for this year or provided loan ing to keep the construction of the mountain and Western States have more funds totaling $225,000,000. Of those REA projects proceeding·- in a satisfac applications than any other section of figures they have been able to allocate tory and orderly manner this amend the country. In fact we have a backlog $155,000,000 to the twelfth day of March. ment must be adopted. We have a crit of over $2,500,000 of applications in the Under those ·circumstances when the ical power situation in my State and in State of Wyoming alone. There is more budget estimate was submitted for in many of the States of the West and oil development in Wyoming than in any creasing this figure by $175,000,000 we Northwest. I have read over the entire other State in the Union at the present felt that the item should be analyzed hearings· in connection with this item time. People living in the oil fields and and that we should know what was going and it seems to me that in view of the the operators themselves are desperately on. Mr. Wickard stated that they prob fact that the Rural Electrification Ad in need of power that is unavailable to ably could allocate $81,000,000 the rest of ministration has a terrific backlog of them. ' the year. We have provided an increase loan applications, many of which were ·Mr. COLE of Missouri. They cannot of $75,000,000. Let me read you a little made before the last war, we have order the material until the funds are in .bit of Mr. Wickard's testimony out of the waited long enough to catch up on these their hands. hearings. You will remember that the applications. It is true that the Admin Mr. BARRETT. That is precisely Agriculture Committee gave Mr. Wickard istration has been making allotments of right. Mr. Chairman, I hope this for this particular purpose $100,000,000 around $23,000,000 per month but the amendment is adopted. more than the budget estimate, and then Administrator stated at the hearings The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gave him $400;000,000 to be used next that if funds were available the program gentleman from Wyoming has expired. year. Now listen to what Mr. Wickard could be accelerated so that they could Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I ask says about this picture on page 1284 of process loan applications and make allo unanimous consent that all debate on the hearings: cations of upward of thirty-five or forty this .amendment and all amendments million dollars per month. thereto close in 10 minutes. The CHAmMAN; Have you taken into con sideration in making that statement the Now, Mr. Chairman, there is another The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection amount that this committee has recom reason why this item should be increased to the request of the gentleman from mended? from seventy-five to one hundred and New York? Mr. WICKARD. That is what I was just about seventy-five million. dollars. Under the There was no objection. to speak of. · We did not know when we made basic law, the Administrator is required The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog the recommendation .for $175,000,000 a little to allot 50 percent of the appropriation nizes the gentleman from Washington over 2 month~ ago that the committee was in proportion to the number of unelectri [Mr. HORAN]. going to recommend the $400,000,000 which fied farms in each State, as compared Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in the committee recommended yesterday. with the number of unelectrified farms support of this amendment. I would _ In other words, they did_not know that in the country, and so half of the money also like to make a little statement to they were going to get this $400,000,000 appropriated here today must be allo help clarify this situation, if I may. that was given to them in the agricul cated with a certain proportion to each ':fhis amendmenD-, in effect, raises by tural appropriation bill the other day. State, according to that formula. It $175,000,000 the appropriation made in This estimate was put up without their must be borne in mind that these funds the Agriculture supply bill last year knowing anything about it. Now, Mr. must be held for the various States until for fiscal 1948, the current year. This Wickard iiells us that this amount that the end of the fiscal year. The remain is raised because of the tremendous back we cut out will be carried over, if it is der of the funds may be distributed logs, some of them existing since 1939', provided, into next year and we give him among the States with the proviso that of work that ought to be done on exten about $500,000,000 to allocate because not more than 10 percent may go to any sions of existing REA's. The money will they cannot allocate much more than one State. As it stands today, the Rural not be withdrawn from the Treasury the $81,000,000 that he talks about the Electrification Administration has nor become an obligation until it has rest of this year. All of their allocations around $57,000,000 that has not been actually gone through contractual ar l)ave been larger this year than the ex loaned but all of those funds have ·been rangements and supplies have been penditures. The expenditures have been committed. , bought to extend lines. But, in order behind the aliocations and they have just And so it seems to me, ~\1r. Chairman, for them to contract in the market, in been building up a great big pile of allo that inasmuch as all of the funds avail competition with utilities and other co cations. abie to the administration have ·been operative enterprises, it is necessary that I want to see the program go ahead, loaned, and because of the fact that the we appropriate the money, which will but ·what happens when you try to crowd Administrator is required to allot one not be spent except as I have indicated. it too hard and try to get too much half of the moneys appropriated to the Now, I think it is significant that the money? You create in the market a several States of the Union.that certainly Administration only requested of the De great big backlog of demand for these if the Administrator is going to take care partment of Agriculture for the fiscal generators, copper wire and all that sort of the urgent applications already ap year 1949 $325,000,000, The Department of thing which are required to go ahead proved in the field and presently in his of Agriculture brought to the House in with these electrical activities. You de hands here in Washington, that this the President's budget $300,000,000 lay, you increase the price, you create in amendment should be adopted. which our Subcommittee on Agriculture flation; you really hurt ·the farmer and Mr. COLE of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, Appro:r ~"iations raised to $400,000,000. make this stuff cost the farmer more will the gentleman yield? There was no deficiency request before money. The fellow who is really inter Mr. BARRETT. I yield to the gentle the Congress when we wrote up that ap ested in this _thing and really wants to man from Missouri. propriation bill. There was only a re see it move ahead. in an intelligent way, Mr. COLE of Missouri. Mr. Chair quest for three hundred million. The wants to see it done in an orderly man man, I would like to make an observa action of the Subcommittee on Agricul ner so that the orders that flow into the tion. Because of lack of funds the REA ture Appropriations, therefore, and this factories for these t~ings wiU not be so cooperatives in the various counties of amendment, if it prevails, will make much more than the factories are able my district particularly have been unable available for REA a total of $575,000,000 to take care of. ~ You are really not im- to place orders for equipment and sup- for the servicing of applications which 3990 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 1 today -aggregate a little ave _ $600,000,000. formed by the Administration, there are amount available for operation and main not sufficient funds allotted to that State tenance of the Bonnevllle transmission sys Not all of those have been tested for fea tem, is increased from "2,500,000" to "$2,- sibility; not all Of those will be accepted for them to accept these applications. 600,000," and the limitation under said head by the REA. But I think at long last we Let us accept them, especially since so on the amount available for personal services have cleared the decks through the work many Members were so liberal when they in the District of Columbia is increased from of our Subcommittee on Agriculture Ap voted funds for foreign nations. "$24,000" to "$24,500": Provided, That in propriations and the ·good work today Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the addition to the contract authorizations con of the deficiency committee in bringing gentleman yield? tained in the Interior Department Appro this bill to the House. Mr. LEMKE.- I yield to the gentle priation Act, 1948, and the Supplemental man from Mississippi. Appropriation Act, 1948, the Administrator The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog is authorized to contract in the fiscai year nizes the gentleman from Texas [Mr. Mr.. RANKIN. The applications for 1948 for materials, equipment, and services COMBS]. , the gentleman's State are a little more for power transmiSsion facilities in an Mr~ COMBS. Mr. Chairman, a while than $22,000,000, instead of 22,000. amou;nt not in excess of ·$1,475,000. I • ago the gentleman from New York [Mr. · Mr. LEMKE. Twenty-two thousand TABER] read from the testimony of Mr. applications amounting to $22,000 ,000. _· Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, as Wickard at page 1284 of the hearings. brought out by my interrogation of the My State is one of the States least chairman of the Appropriations Com I want to read some testimony ·of Mr. electrified. We are in arrears many mil Wickard from the same page that the mittee, the gentleman from New 'York lions of dollars, for the reason that dur [Mr. TABER], earlier in the day, this item gentleman did not read. . The gentle ing the war no construction was pos man from Texas [Mr. MAHON] was ques sible. I get letters nearly every day from for the Bonneville Power Administra tioning Mr. Wickard, and lle asked him: tion covers the amount of the budget people who say, "We have had our ap estimate with the exception of the re Now, in view of the fact Congress· will ap plication in for 5 years and have not had propriate that $400,000,000, is it in the best any action on it." So I do hope the duction of $100,000 for operation and interest of the acceleration of the REA pro Committee will see fit to allow this extra maintenance. It includes an appropri . gram for us also to appropriate this defi ation of $625,000 plus contractual au ciency of $175,000,000. $100,000,000. thorization in the sum of $1,450,000. Mr. WICKARD. Yes; it will be in the interest The CHAIRMAN. The question is on I know those of you who have followed of tlie program. the amendment offered by the gentle the development of hydroelectric power Mr. MAHON. And what is the reason why? man from Missouri [Mr. CANNON]. on the Columbia River realize that these Mr. WICKARD. Because it will give us money The question was taken; and on a now to keep the program going, and money projects have returned to us manyfold division (demanded by Mr. CANNON) the moneys expended on 'them. As I left over can be used next year and can be there were-ayes 77, noes 79. restrict~ons have often pointed out, approximately used without in the formula. So the amendment was rejected. one-th~rd of the aluminum- produced Briefly, as has been pointed out by The Clerk read as follows: during World War II came from the the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. COLE] Penalty mail costs: For an additional Columbia River area, made possible by ' and the gentleman from Washington am~mnt for "Penalty mail costs," $35,000. [Mr. HORAN] these REA co-ops have to hydroelectric power developed in these go into the market for the materials Mr. HAND. Mr. Chairman, I move to plants. As was recently announced by and place their orders many, many strike out the last word. the Bonneville Power Administration months in advance in competition with Mr. Chairman, I rise only to point out the Bonneville project is repaying the private buyers. They cannot pledge an that in this one small item of $35,000 for Federal Government for the moneys in allocation or make a contract for the penalty mail costs, on page 11 of the bill, vested ahead of schedule. delivery of these things unless the money there are sufficient funds for the rest of Mr. Chairman, as I remarked on this has been actually appropriated and allo thi fiscal year to take care of the fish floor heretofore, the Bonneville Power cated even though it may not be used marketing reports for the commercial Administration has recently announced during the year. So,· we are· simply fishing industry all over the country. i that a special advance payment of handicapping these REA co-ops in keep am taking this time only to point out $2,100,000 has been made to the account ing their program going continuously by that I called this to the attention of the of the Bonneville Dam project. This refusing them these appropriations, as chairman of the Committee on Appro was good news. _ It shows that Uncle was pointed out by Mr. Wickard. priations a very short time ag:o, and he Sam has a sound investment in the Co In my own district we have hundreds acted very promptly to get this small lumbia River Dam projects. I said at and hunc;lreds of miles of lines awaiting item in the bill. It will be of immense that time I intended to call this to the ·construction; fer which the people have assistance to the commercial-fishing in attention of the Appropriations Com made their deposits and have -had them dustry throughout the country. mittees with jurisdiction over these proj up as much as 2, 2%, and 3 years, waiting I am indebted to David Hart, of the ects when requests for funds for further for this necessary service . . I think we Atlantic Fishermen's Uniop, for bringing Northwest resource developments were can well afford to add this additional this deficiency to my attention and per ·being considered. I want them to know $L75,000,000 to keep that -program going mitting me to correct it. that their judgment was sound in that at full speed. It is doing a great deal for Mr. PEDEN. Mr. Chairman, I ask funds invested in the Columbia River the rural people of our Nation, adding to unanimous consent to extend my re Basin are gilt-edged. _ the development of our Nation, and for marks at that point in the RECORD where It is gratifying to know that these the welfare of our country. I offered an amendment in regard to the great multiple-purpose projects are pay The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog Veterans' Administration. ing out ahead 'of the dates which were nizes the gentleman from North Dakota The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection originally fixed for reimbursing the Fed- [Mr. LEMKE]. to the request of the gentleman from -eral Government for the moneys in Mr. LEMKE. Mr. Chairman, I feel Oklahoma? • vested. that we can be liberal in this appro There was no objection. The surplus earnings to date, if con- . priation. It is simply an authorization The Clerk read as follows: tinued, will result in a full repayment for loans. The record of the REA co BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION of the Bonneville Dam project 5 years ahead of schedule. Payments on the ops is one that may well be followed by Construction, operation, and maintenance, other organizations that ask for public Bonneville power transmission system: For Columbia Basin' project, namely, Grand funds. They have paid the installments an additional amount for "Construction, Coulee, are also ahead of schedule, in advance, and in addition they have operation, and maintenance, Bonneville thereby making possible pay-out accord paid the interest on installments before power transmission system," $625,000, to re ing to schedule despite the increased due. It seems to me that no person main available until expended, and .to be construction cost of the Grand Coulee - should object to seeing to it that the subject to such limit~tions and restrictions, facilities. . except as to operation and maintenance and The Bonneville Dam project, which farms of this Nation are electrified. I personal services in the District of Columbia, know the committee has been liberal, as may be applicaqle to appropriations for includes the dam, powerhouses; and ac but I feel it can be a little more liberal this purpose in the Interior Department cessory. facilities constructed and oper than it has been in this matter. In my Appropriation Act, 1948, or other law and the ated by the Corps of Engineers, has, State there are 22 ,000 applications which limitation under this head in the Interior through the fiscal year 1947, received cannot be considered because, I am in- Department Appropriation Act, 1948, on the ·repayment, interest, and operating-ex- 1948 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3991 / pense credit on the books of the Treas cost power is available for resource de I believe if this break-down is followed ury in the amount of $18,562,150. velopment. out the chairman of the Committee on About February 10, 1948, an additional Mr. Chairman, I commend the com, Appropriations will ·not have occasion advance payment of $2,100,000 was made mittee for their fair treatment .of this again to make the criticism that he has on the books of the Treasury toward most worthy project. just made. This appropriation is in pur amortizing the cost of the power facili The Clerk read as follows: suance of the authorization which was ties of the Bonneville Dam project. BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS . voted by the Congress earlier rn the year. It This was made poss!ble by a request by Salaries and expenses, Reservation Ad is a continuation of the program for the Secretary of the Interior to the Secre ministration: For an additional amoun.t for which we voted · $500,000 earlier in the tary Of the Treasury in accordance with "Salaries and expenses, Reservation Admin-1 session. It is a beginning of the long the agreement between the Army EI.lgi istration," including the objects specified range program which has recently been neers operating the Bonneville Dam and u~der this head in the Interior. Department sent to the P'ublic Lands Committee for the Bonneville Administration which is Appropriation Act, 1948, $1,000. study. We have not had the opportunity marketing the power. This $2,100,000 Mr. D'EWART. Mr. Chairman, I offer of studying that long-range program, but special additional or advance payment an amendment. I hope to take it up this month. Every to the account of the Bonneville Dam one of the features in this appropriation project was an additional payment over The Clerk read as follows: will be supplemented later by the long and above the regular pay-out sched Amendment offered by Mr. D'EWART: Page range program. I think it is in the in 13, after line 16, insert "Emergency work ule payment of $3,119,850 for the year program, Navajo and Hopi Indians: For ex-· terest of. the Navajo and Hopi Indians. ending June 30, 1948. This special ad penses necessary for administering and carry I think that this program should be ditional or advance payment was made ing·out a work program for the Navajo and started. I think it is a step in the best possible by the fact that the power reve Hopi Indians, in accordance with the act of interests of t.he Indians and (or the wel nues from the Columbia projects exceed December 19, 1947 (Public Law 390), includ fare of the Hopi and Navajos. the estimates and are so running as to ing personal sen•ices in the District of Co I yield to the chairman Of the Com produce an annual surplus. The pay lumbia; printing and binding; $1,0QO,OOO, to mittee on Public Lands, the gentleman ment~ made from the Bonneville Ad remain available until July 30, 1949." · from California [Mr. WELCH). ministration to the Bonneville Dam Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. WELCH. Mr. Chairman, I wish at project exceeded the minimum repay gentleman yield? this time to express my appreciation to ment requirements to ·the extent that as Mr. D'EWART. I yield. the chairman of the Committee on Ap of January 1, 1948, repayments are $2,- Mr. TABER. I understand that the propriations and the members of the 252,282 ahead of schedule requirements. gentleman has had considerable discus co:r;nmittee in approving the amount The revenues derived from the sale sion during the day with the subcom specifie1i in the amendment under con ·of power by Bonneville Power Admin mittee handling appropriations for the sideration. It· will carry the Navajos istration, according to statute, are to be Department of the Interior and that and Hopi Indians over until a more ex used to pay the operating expenses of the tensive program is arranged for their they have agreed with him on a break welfare. · Bonneville Power Administration, the down which I would like to see put into Army Engineers operating the Bonne the RECORD at this point as to how this Mr. D'EW ART. As chltirman of the ville Dam, and tbe Bureau of Reclama Indian Affairs Subcommittee I want to tion operating the -Grand Coulee Dam. $1,000,000 might be spent. express my conviction of the need and In addition, out of these revenues are to Mr. D'EWART. That is my intention. my appreciation of the cooperation of be paid the annual amortization of the Mr. TABER. So far as I am con the Appropriations Committee. Federal investment in tnese three agen cerned I do not object to this amend The CI:IAffiMAN. The time of the cies and the annual interest charges on ment in this form. I want to say if I gentleman from Montana has expired. th~ unamortized investment balance. may be permitted that I have been ter The question is on the amendment The bookkeeping on these three projects ribly disappointed at the performance of offered by the gentleman from Montana. is handled by the Bonneville Power Ad the Indian Bureau in connection with The amendment was agreed to. ministration and it is audited annually this 'Navajo business and the way they The Clerk read as follows: by independent-outside commercial audi have used the funds out of the relief Montana: Flathead, $125,000. tors. Based on· such an audit is the money to build up personnel, buying au pay-out schedule showing annual pay tomobiles, and things of that kind. I Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I ments to fully cover all the cost items hope we wil get better results in the •move to strike out the last word. of the Federal investment. future. Mr. Chairman, I want to take this Through the fiscal year 1947 the reve Mr. D'EWART. I might say to the means to thank the subcommittee on nues derived from the sale of power chairman of the committee that we have Interior Appropriations for approving an amounted to $101,165,847. These reve taken that matter into consideration in item of $125,000 to extend and construct nues have been and will be deposited with going into this request for additional electrical service lines in the Flathead the United States Treasury, and are, and funds for the Hopi and Navajo Indians. Indian ·project area. This will allow will be, distributed on the books of the I took this matter up with Mr. JENSEN, sufficient funds to carry forward con Treasury so that the interest: and amor chairman of the Interior Department struction during the remainder of this tization investment account of the power Subcommittee, and with Mr. SCHWABE, fiscal year and until additional funds facilities will always show the annual who is chairman of the Indian Affairs can be provided in the regular 1949 Ap- and cumUlative contributions toward full Appropriation Subcommittee. They propriation Act. _ interest and capital repayment, as well have agreed on the break-down. · I think To the distinguished gentleman from as meeting annual operating, mainte- if this break-down is followed out, it Iowa, the Honorable BEN JENSEN, chair- nance and replacement costs. . will eliminate the things that you criti . man of the subcommittee, to the Honor Power from the Bonneville and Grand cize as having happened with the pre able IVOR FENTON, the Honorable LOWELL Coulee Dams is transmitted over the vious appropriations. The break-down STOCKMANt the Honorable GEORGE transmission grid system of the Bonne S_CHWABE, the Honorable MIKE . KIRWAN, is as follows: ranking minority member, the Honor ville Power Administration, which serves Hospital repair and moderniza- the major load centers of the States of tion ______$100,000 able WILLIAM NORRELL, and the Honor Oregon and Washington. The power School repair and modernization_ 100,000 able ALBERT GoRE I want to express the . sales are presently running at an annual Health activities, hospital facili- appreciation of the men and women of rate of about $22,100,000. The additional ties, doctors, nurses, etc ___ ._____ 100, 000 Montana who will benefit from the con generators brought in at the Grand SoU and moisture conservation in- sideration and understanding shown by Coulee Dam between '1948 and 1952 will cluding fertilizer and irrigation_ 250,000 this committee. increase the annual power revenues to Revolving · fund for loans and The Clerk read as follows: purchase of mUk animals______100, 00() approximately $30,0.00,000, with total . Road construction and repair____ 200,000 QUARTERMASTER CORPS revenues in excess of $270,000,000 dllr Expenses necessary in connection QUARTERMASTER SERVICE, ARMY ing the next 10 years. with off-reservation work______150, 000 Clothing and equipage: For an additional These results show what can be ac amount for "Clothing and equipage," . complished if abundant, firm, and low- ~otal------~------1,000,000 $10,000,000. 3992 CONGRESSIONA·L RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 1 Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, I clean clothes, and a hot bath. Talk ting the Air Force in new blue uniforms. offer an amendment. about needed morale and new uniforms l Turn to page 624 of last year's hear The Clerk r ead as follows: If they are to be furnished now-give ings and you will find where General Spaatz stated these words: "We are not Amendment offered by Mr. ScRIVNER: On tbeni where they will do the most good. page 18, strike out lines 1 to 4 inclusive. Within a very short time, if this program giving any consideration t0 such is adopted, the Army is coming in and changes." If he did know the change Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, I say they need new uniforms to build Up was proposed he should have told us ask unanimous consent· to proceed for morale. There is no end to the demands. the truth. five additional minutes. Some day when this Nation and the Mr. NORBLAD. Mr. Chairman, will The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection world is actually at peace, when the the gentleman yield? to the request of the gentleman from treaties have been signed, when we no Mr. SCRIVNER. I yield to the gen Kansas? longer live under armistice conditions, it tleman from Oregon. There was nC" objection. may be necessary to bring in a program Mr. NORBLAD. Is it not a fact that The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman like this to buoy up the Air Force and the the Air Force is getting so many men from Kansas is recognized for 10 minutes. Ground Forces. But today that is not now that they have to put them on a Mr·. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, I needed. If you will read the headlines quota basis? hope it is thoroughly understood that the in today's papers you will find that you Mr. SCRIVNER. Orders went out remarks I will make are in no way dis may need something more than blue uni some time ago to limit recruiting in paraging to the members of the Air Force forms for the Air Force in a short time. the Air Force. Of course, those orders or the exploits which they have already It could happen. in view of proposed increased strength performed and which they may be called When I think of all the things that are have since been rescinded. upon to perform in the future. I am necessary, when I think of all the pleas Mr. Chairman, this new uniform is not speaking as a matter of principle. that are being made to us for planes, new necessary at all. This proposal contained in these lines equipment, and everything else, I am Mr. Chairman, it is time to prepare involves more than the matter of $10,- certain that this is not the right time for security, not for show. 000,000 ~ You will be told that the thing to ask the Congress to 0. K. or approve The amendment ·should prevail. will be only $2,500,000. That is subject a program for new bl'\e uniforms for the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the to debate. This is to proviae congres Air Force. · gentleman from Kansas has expired. sional approval for the Air Force to pro This will set up another precedent. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I ask cure and wear light-blue uniforms with The infantry will come in and tell you unanimous consent that all debate on chevrons considerably different than it is entitled to have new uniforms too, this amendment close in 15 minutes. those worn in the past by members of the and I would be inclined to agree if we The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection armed forces. were at peace. to the request of the gentleman from New Just a short time ago we passed a bill Here is another practical problem: York? which called for the unification of the On every air base throughout the world, There was no objection. armed services. We anticipated that this wherever they ·are now or may be, you Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I rise action would wipe out some of the jeal are going to have on that base members in support of the pending amendment. ousies between the branches of the serv of both the Air Force and the ground Mr. Chairman, I do not believe there ice. I can tell you, with :tlO doubt in my force. You will have the Air Force in is a Member of this House who has a mind, that if this program is adopted, their blue uniforms, black shoes, distinc greater interest in the air arms of the you will have gre.ater division than you ~ tiv.e caps, shirts, and ties. The Army military services than I have. I think have had ~ heretofore. You will have forces will be in the traditional and if we could put the whole kit and ka-· greatly intensified rivalry and jealousy, glorious OD's. You will have then the boodle of them into one uniform, the in view of the fact that the Air Force problem of distribution. You will have Gove_rnment, the people of the United with its many privileges, including flying to have the uniforms of two colors in States, and the services themselves would pay, ·already occupies an .enviable posi stead of one. Unification was designed be a great 'deal better off than they tion. The results to be obtained will not to simplify procurement and distribu are today. Pride in the uniform is a fine be those claimed by some of its propo tion, not complicate it. If there fs going thing, but jealousy between the services nents. They point out, of course, that to be a need soon, you might as well keep is accented by differences between uni the marines have a separate uniform._ your supply problems as simple as possi forms. Last year we passed the so-called Their arguments, as far as logic is con ble, keep both the Army lftld Air Force TJniflcation Act. Instead of resulting in cerned, fall absolutely flat. in the now available uniforms of the OD. unification it has resulted in triplifica They tell you that they need this pro If this change finally takes place there tion. Further accent of triplification by gram to increase the morale of the Air will be one item alone involving $17,- establishment of a new color of uniform Force. Morale? There is no outfit, ex 000,000 for new overcoats. May I point is, to me, another step away from the cept possibly the marines, that has a out to the Air Force that the Marines, unification we need so badly. I am get higher morale than the Air Force. That even though they have their dress blues, ting a little sick of this old school tfe is shown by the fact that in their enlist are not ashamed to be seen in their dress stuff that I have been running into as ment program they are now 7,000 above blues and their field-green overcoats. chairman· o'f the Combat Aviation 'Sub the figure permitted by the budget. Mr. Chairman, as I stated, this is ,pot mittee of the Congressional ·Aviation They say that this is necessary to in derogation of the Air Force at all. Policy Board. I would like to see them create a greater interest in the Air Force. I am proud of them and every American all in the same uniform, perhaps with I do not know how we can have any should be proud of them, but this is not some little different designation in brass greater interest, every youngster in the time for frills. We are looking now upon the collar. This business of dis America is interested in aviation. If to a time when we may have many and . tingttishing between services by differ new uniforms are a matter of necessity more difficult jobs ahead of us. If the ent color or cut in uniforms in the United for building up morale and bringing in time is as critical as some have told us States is going entirely too far. As a more voluntary recruits to the armed it is, and possibly" they are right, we matter of fact, if you would put the top forces the place that you need them is need more than new uniforms for the brass into civilian clothes and sit them in the Ground Forces. Think back to the Air Force. We need more planes, more down in one room to argue out their days of the war and see these doughboys ammunition, more guns, and more men. problems, they coul.d come to an agree crawling on their bellies in the mud and If Air Force figures on recruiting stand ment an awful lot faster than they can along the hedgerows of France; in the up, if they are getting more than they in different uniforms. Therefore, I sup snow and slush of Germany; fighting are permitted certainly their argument port this amendment wholeheartedly their way through the jungles of Pacific that these are needed purely for boost with the idea that one uniform should islands day after day after day and then ing morale falls down. ultimately be applied to all services and spending the night where it overtook Before I close I would like to call at not different uniforms for each branch them, exhausted, grimy, dirty, hungry. tention to the fact that last year in · of the service. They could not look forward to the fact · connection with the Army appropriation I have recently introduced a bill, which that when their assignment was over they hearings General Spaatz appeared before I believe has gone to the ~Committee on would be flown back to comfortable beds, us and I asked him specifically if there the Armed Serv!ces, to provide for per warm barracks, hot coffee, good food, was any program contemplating put- mis§_lve transfer between the services of 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE /' 3993 all officers in all grades, and I believe that they should buy some new OD uniforms Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, I move bill, if enacted, will do a great deal to or buy blue if that is to be the official to strike out the last word. alleviate the present situation in which color. The matter should .be settled Mr. Chairman, probably the only se differences of opinion are so firmly one way or the other. rious difference of opinion that is yet to grounded in the separate branches of the I hope you will support the request of be resolved is that in regard to the ap armed services. Those differences of the Air Force that they be given this lift propriation of the full $175,000,000 rec opinion would be much better resolved for the. recruiting that is immediately ommended by the Budget for the REA. if it were possible for officers to transfer ahead of them, and support the commit There will be a motion to recommit based between one branch of the service and tee by rejecting the amendment. upon this $100,000,000 increase for REA. another. As a matter of fact, there is a The · CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- It will be offered by the gentleman from great dearth of experienced officers in nizes the gentleman from Idaho [Mr. · Missouri [Mr. CANNON], the ranking mi the Air Force between the ages of 43 and GoFF J • nority member of the committee. All 53. There is a wide-open space in which Mr. GOFF. Mr. Chairman, I am like of those who want to give REA the loan naval air officers could go into the Air the gentleman from C!!,lifo r:nia. I do funds it must have to meet the neetifs of Force and thereby bring some of the in- not think anyone can say I am not in our rural people will want to support doctrination which they have received in favor of a strong Air Force, because that motion. I feel that this group the Navy Department into the Air Force. last November I introduced the Air should include members of the minority It would be a mighty good thing for the Supremacy Act to build up our Air Force party as well as Democrats. In fact it Navy and a mighty good thing for the immediately and to appropriate $5,000, will be necessary for them to vote for this Air Force if that bill were enacted and 000,000 for that purpose. But I have motion in ·order to carry out the state- · became law. But so far the Navy De- been tied up with the armed services in ments already made in all good faith. partment has opposed it because they some way since I was 17 years old. We Many members of the majority have are afraid they might lose some officers, have to consider, when we are thinking publicly stated, and honestly and seri forsooth. For goodness sake, if the Navy about the morale of the Air Force, · the ously stated, that the majority party · cannot keep its own officers, with its own morale of the other branches of the serv of this House has raised the budget es- · attractions and inducements, then they ice. It seems to me that about the worst timate for REA by $100,000,000. I know ought to have some of them transferred; thing we can do is buy some distinctive that just recently some of my Republi but if some of them transfer-and many fancy new uniforms for the Air Force can colleagues who -went on the trip with of them ·desiring transfer have spoken to alone at this time. I am in favor of the the Agriculture Committee through va me-then there would be some vacancies proposition stated by the gentleman from rious sections of the country made the in the Navy which could be filled by pro- California [Mr. HINSHAW] to give them repeated statement that the majority motion of some of the younger officers, all some new uniforms but the same kind party h;1d increased .the budget estimate and both the Air Force and the Navy of uniform . . So I hope the Committee for REA by $100,000,000. would be better off. ' : will support the amendment. I cer- This was entirely in order. It was a · Mr. Chairman, I support this amend- tainly expect to. proper and understandable statement. I ment wholeheartedly, and I hope the The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog- offer no criticism. I know that these appropriation is stricken from the bill. nizes the gentleman from ·Texas [Mr. statements were made in good faith and · The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- MAHON]. I am sure that that good faith will be nizes the gentleman from South Dakota Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I too · vindicated by the vote we will take·in a [Mr. CASEJ. · am not in favor of the Government buy- few minutes. At the time these state Mr. CASE of South ·Dakota. Mr. ·· ing fancy new uniforms for the Air Force. ments were made they were thought to Chairman, I do not know the origin of That is not the question. · The question be true. ' the proposal for the blue upiform, but is a very_simple one. It was necessary They will still be true if we adopt this I suppose it had its 9rigin in the fact . to place orders for additional uniforms, motion to recommit. If we do not adopt. that the Royal Air Force of England has but before those orders were placed it it we will, I am sure, greatly embarrass a distinctive and separate uniform. In was desired that a change be made in the some of our colleagues. I do not think World War I, I happened to be in the Air Force uniform, not the material. the House wants to put the Members · .. Marines. I think at the particular age The identical material used for the Army ' who made those statements in a false at which I went into the Marines that uniform will be used for the Air Force. light. a great many other boys selected the There will simply be a change in the color. Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Chairman, will Marines for the same reason I did. We I cannot see any reason why this should the gentleman yield? ' liked the spirit of the organization. It not be done. The Navy has its uniform, Mr. POAGE. I yield briefly. is possible the uniform contributed to the and so do the Marine Corps, and the Mr, LECOMPTE. In the agriculture esprit de corps. · · Army. Each branch of the service has appropriation bill which we passed a This country is going to be called upon its uniform. Why should not the Air couple of weeks ago, we had an item for . soon for a very substantial increase in its Force have its uniform? Either all REA of $400,000,000. Air Force recruitment. If giving a dis- branches of the service should have the Mr. POAGE. We had a budget esti tinctive uniform will bring boys with the same uniform, and there is some argu mate of $300,000,000 in connection with proper spirit into the Air Force I am ment for such a policy, or else this re the regular appropriation bill. The in favor of them having it. quest of the Air Force should be approved. committee raised that to $400,000,000, This proposal does not involve $10,000,- I am surprised at the objections which which made an increase of $100,000,000 000, although the language in the bill have been made. in that item in the regular appropria might seem to indicate tha~. It involves The CHAIRMAN. The question is on tion bill for the fiscal year of 1949. But $2,500,000- The total cost of the change- the amendment offered by the gentleman a.t the same time, not after, but before over after the adjustment is once made from Kansas [Mr. SCRIVNER]. we voted on that, we had a budget esti is expected to be $2,500,000. It will. cost The question was taken; and on a di• mate of $175,000,000 for a similar item initially a little bit more, for dyeing of vision (demanded.by Mr. ENGEL of Mich for REA loans in the deficiency bill. The cloth and getting up a stock of goods, igan) there were-ayes 72, noes 48. - gentlemen will recall that back in Feb but that will simply increase the total So the amendment was agreed to. ruary when the urgent deficiency bill number.of uniforms, olive drab and blue, Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I ask was before this House I stated that I that will be on hand initially. · unanimous consent that the balance of intended to ask for additional funds for The cloth will be the same; in fact, the bill be considered as read and open REA when this bill was brought up. The they are going to use some of the olive for amendment or points of order. gentleman from Mississippi actually of drab on hand and simply dye · it blue. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, we fered an amendment to the first de The air officers testified that the blue · have no objection to that on this side. ficiency bill, which was defeated by only would spot less from oil and grease than The CHAffiMAN. Is there. objection 20 votes. Everyone was on notice that the OD which turns black. to the request of the gentleman from REA was to seek more money in this bill. There· is a reason for. deciding the New York? The budget sent its estimate for this de matter at this time, one .way or the . There w.as no objection. ficiency item to the House before the other. The idea has been widely dis- The CHAffiMAN. Are there any regular bill was passed. cussed. Officers who need new uni· points of order to be made to the bill?. At the time the regular b1ll was passed fo:rins have been hesitant as to whethe~ ,[After a pause.]. The Chair hears none. the total budget request for the balance 3994 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUSE APRIL 1 of the .1948 fiscal year and for the fiscal The CHAIRMAN. The tilJle of the Mr. Chairman, I am advised that un- · year of 1949 totaled $475,000,000. In the gentleman from Texas has expired. der this specific item in the appropria regular 1949 appropriat.ion the ·Hou,~e Mr. LARC.ADE. Mr. . Chairman, I ask tion ·under discussion, and under the gave $400,000,000. This lacked, and still unanimous consent to extend my own table hereinabove outlined that there is lacks, $75,000,000 of equalling the total remarks in the RECORD. set aside the sum of $2,437,000, for the amount requested by the budget. As The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection purchase of canned sweetpotatoes, and this bill now stands it, taken together to the request ofLthe gentleman from I again state for the RECORD that I under with the regula+ 1949 bill, would give Louisiana? stand that it is the directive of the Com $475,000,000 . for REA loans during the There was no objection. mittee and this Congress that a fair and balance of the fiscal year of 1948 and Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Chairman, on be reasonable price, as near as possible to during the fiscal year of 1949. That is half of my constituents and myself, as the cost of production or processing shall exactly the total recommended by the well as for the citizens and taxpayers of be paid to our people by the Army for budget. It is not the $100,000,000 in other States, I wish to thanlc the com the canned sweetpotatoes, as well as all crease which many majority Members mittee chairman and members for the of the other agricultural products stated have said this House was giving. The consideration given and the decisions in the table presented. only way we can provide that extra reached in regard to the utilization of Mr. Chairman, on behalf of my col $100,000,000 is to pass the motion to re surplus farm and canned products in leagues, the gentleman from Maryland commit. item "Government and relief in occu [Mr. MILLER] and the gentleman from Unless you adopt this motion to re- · pied areas" under the bill under consid Georgia [Mr. PACE] and myself, .who have commit you leave many of your col eration Deal, we would have a labor or a mili Here is Dr. Isaiah· Bowman, president .of Speaker's table ~he bill · (H . .R. 4167) to tary government. · At the moment, it Johns Hopkins University and an architect ·authorize the States of Montana, North seems as though labor were losing, the of the United Nations, proclaiming:. "This is Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington military gaining, control. not a time of peace. * * * What moun tains of evidence must yet be piled up before to lease their State lands for the produc The American ·people were twice, by tbe people of the United States realize that tion of oil, gas, and other hydrocarbons ambitious politicans, led into war and we are even now at war?" So the war is p.ot . for such terms of years and on such con 100 years of work and thrift by taxpay ahead of us. It is here now. ditions as may be from time. to time' pro ing Americans will not cancel the mone A President and a war party that start vided by the legislative· assembly of the tary cost. , playing the ·dangerous game of seeking politi respective .States, with a .Senate amend The moral and spiritual loss caused by cal advantage. and power in a threat of war ment thereto, and concur in the Senate will find. in the outcome that they have car these two wars, and by those who were ried their countrymen into irretrievable con amendment. responsible for them, will.· darken the flict. Step by step, a little at a time, they The Clerk read the title of the·bill. lives of future generations far-no one advance. Once started, they can't turn baclt. The Clerk read the Senate amend . knows how long. ·.The militarists know where they are ments, as follows: ·From the Chicago Tribune of March headed. Truman may knQw. To the people, Line 6, stri~e out all after "amended" 31 comes an editorial captioned, "Later bewildered · by the· drumfire of propaga~da where it appears the . second tiine down to than. you think," which reads as fol and rendered viet~ to secret maneuvermg, and including "States"." in line 12 and in lows: it is a confusing mystery. The Pearl Har sert "to read as follows: 'Except as other bor investigation disclosed the technique LATER THAN YOU THINK wise provided herein, the said lands may be after the 1ast war was over. Are we in for leased under such regulations as the legis ~he newspaper headline's, the radio babble, another futur.e inquest, showing again how the urgent, solemn, and · sometimes rather lature may prescribe. . Leases for ·the pro the executive branch of the ·Government duction of minerals, including _leases· for .frantic statements of leaders, are all sug betrayed the people into war? We ·are, un gestive of 1941. There is an ominous parallel less the people and Congress apprehend this exploration for oil, gas; and other hydrocar in demands for the immediate build-up of bons and the extraction thereof, shall be for sinister pattern in time. It should be such term o( years and on such conditions vast military .force, with the assurance that, familiar to them by now. of course, this power is to enforce a . will for as may be from time to time provided by peace, not to get the U,nited States into war. Truly it fs later than you think, but the the I.egislatures of the respective States; That is what we were told last time. people of America still have one oppor leases for grazing and agricultural purposes . shan· be for a term not longer than 10 years; ·Every prudent instinct warns that this tunity to rescue their Government from the politically ambitious, the over-fear and leases for development of hydroelectric is a maneuvered crisis. The Tribune has power shall be for a term not longer than seen it eoming for a long time. Almost alone ful, the screwy thinking, the .do-gooders 50 years.'" among the newspapers of the country we who never seem to learn nor to accept Amend the title so as to read: "An act warned of the rise of a dangerous militaris1; realities. . Unless next Novem~er ti:e to authorize the States of Montana, North party in America when the so-called servtce people elect a President who believes. m Dakota, South · Dakota, and Washington to unification bill, with all of its totalitarian lease their State lands for production of min apparatus, was thrust on Congress last year our form of government, who has faith in the ability and courage of our _people, erals, including leases for exploration for oil, as must legislation. . gas, and other hydrocarbons and the extrac · We saw the lines of conflict being drawn we will be in a world war. tion -thereof, for such terms of years and on for another war even before that when Mr. I am fearful that unless, before that such conditions as may be from time to time Truman enunciated his doctrine of stopping election, Senators and Congressmen hear provided by the legislatures of the respective Russia at the borders of Greece and Turkey. from their home folks, those Senators States." · Two world wars had convinced us of the and Congressmen will so far commit us tragic folly of trying to order the world to into the hands of the ambitious war The SPEAKER. Is there objection to our desig):l through .use of. force at r-uinous minded leaders of Europe and ASia that the - request of the gentleman from moral and · material expenw. Crusades California? against tyranny abroad have only brought it will be impossible to avoid war. . If the totalitarianism closer at home. · We can't home'folks do not want scarcities and all There was no objection. cheer another one when, once more, our se that scarcities mean; if they (jo not The ' Senate amendments were con curity is not jeopa;rdized by distant events. want bureaucratic price fixing and curred irl. It seems plain that this rigged crisis grows rationing; if they do not want a horde A motion to reconsider was laid on the out of Truman's political desperation. He of little dictators telling them every day table. has become the captive of the powerful mili . GENER-1\L LEAVE TO PRINT taristic faction in his administration. The what to eat, what to wear, and what ~o assertion of a foreign menace is necessary to do, they should without delay make their Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I .ask provide them with the men, the inoney, the wishes known to their chosen representa- unanimous consent that all Members weapons, and the dominance over the Nation tives in Congress. · _ . . who have spoken on the bill may have that they seek. It will also enhance his pres -·Yesterday there was hoisted over the permission to revise and extend their tige by giving him the opportunity to play Capitol .in washington the red flag of remarks and that all Members may have the strong man in resisting world commun danger anq the yellow flag of fear-the ism, as convenient a bete noire as Hitlerism permission to extend their remarks· in was for his predecessor. He has lost political first, without reason, the second, without the RECORD in the deficiency appropri- control at home; there is a long chance that justification. ation bill just passed. · . he can recapture it by military adventurism · EXTENSION OF REMARKS .The SPEAKER. ·Is there objection to abroad. the request of the gentleman from New This policy has its accustomed charm to Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speak the same internationalist . elements which er, I ask unanimous cons~nt to extend York? whipped up the war fever of 1940-41 by play my remarks in the Appendix of the REc There was no objection. ing on the Nation's fears. The propaganda · ORD and include an analysis of the tax EXTENSION OF REMARKS mechanisms of that period are being dusted bill which will probably be before us to off again. Although nothing developed out Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask morrow. I have analyzed the bill in unanimous consent that the gentleman of World War II, according to the prophecies question-and-answer form for the use of these alarmists, they are back unabashed, ~rom Missouri [Mr. CANNON] be permit telling us once more what we should do. of the membership of the House. ted to revise and extend his remarks and There are the same voices, the same scares, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to insert a statement in regard to the his the same arguments. Here is Joseph C. Grew, the request of the gentleman from New tory of Missouri, despite the fact that it Roosevelt's Ambassador to Japan, saying, "We York? will require an additional page in the cannot afford to face some future day .when _ There was no objection. America wiil stand alone." We were told Mr. KLEIN \ I 4002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ·APRIL 1 yet the• Congress is refused by the De The cops came around to apartment ~. at What bas stlence tci say for itself? When partment of Commerce and Secretary lH1 Somerset Street, shortly after 11 p. m., the first atom bomb drops on America Harriman the right to learn anything September 6, 1945, and there found: · science can accept the credit, for it wa~ whatsoever concerning At precisely Vitali G. Pavlov, second secretary of the a scientists who gave the uranium to Russia· it. Soviet Embassy ~nd chief of the Soviet in 1945. · ·what point does the people's rights in this secret service in Canada, Lt. Pavel Angelov, Gentlemen of science, speak up. -regard end and · the· privileges of the assistant military attache, Lieutenant Colo Washington Post begin? This situation nel Rogov, air attache, and Alexander Fa [From the Paterson (N. J.) Morning Call of .. calls for a · thorough investigation and rantov, cipher clerk. : , Monday, March 8, 1948] · , They had broken in and were tearing up removal from office of all1'esponsible and TO RELAX NOW MAY MEAN TO WEEP LATER condoning parties, including the Secre the apartment. One was under the bed. One was in the clothes closet. Dr. Edward Condon, whose alleged asso tary of Comme:r;ce, if he fails to take ac They were after those papers the little ciation with Soviet agents is under congres tion immediately. man had been trying so desperately to push sional scrutiny, blithely .advises us that he What is there in the file of an official into the bands of Canada. Thus broke the is "entirely reliable" and that "the country of the Government, or an employee of greatest spy case in North America,. and it can relax." However, there is something in the record against him now b.efore the House the Government, that should ·not be sub may yet turn out to be the mos~ important ject to inspection by Members of Con -in world history. Un-American Activities Committee which For the lit.tle. man with the papers was makes us question the soundness of his gress? To say that we who create these advice. agencies and appropriate the money for Igor Gouzenko, the Embassy's . code clerk. The papers were evidence of how the Soviets Being Director of the United States Na their operations do not have an obligation tional Bureau of Standards, Dr. Condon h,as had stolen samp~es of uranium with which to determine whether or not these agen the United States of America had been mak access to all our atomic sci~n.ce records and cies ate being properly administered or ing atom bombs. And of how they had files, and as a scientist has confidential whether the employees of these agencies stolen military secrets on radar, radio, high knowledge ,of the mysteries . of the atomic bomb, the one weapon Stalin longs for to are loyal br disloyal, or whether or not explosive, and other sci~ntific weapons of speed up the Communist program of Eu they constitute a security risk, is absurd. , w~. . One of the papers the little man had was rope's and then the world's subjugation. He Certainly these are matters of pertinent of all people should be so beyond suspicion inquiry to the committees of Congress. a coded cablegram to the headquarters of Soviet espionage in Moscow, reading: of disloyalty that no voice· from any govern The country would never have known "T6 the DmEcTOR: mental quarter could be raised against him. about the Teapot Dome or Benny Myers "Facts given by Alek: (1) The test of the Not only should he be "not disloyal" as he or Gerhart Eisler or Hanns Eisler, if the atom bomb was conducted in New Mexico c~aims. He should be positively and pas Congress had not had access to the files (with "49," "94-239"). The bomb dropped SIOnately loyal to the United States, whose· of the executive branch of the Govern- . on Japan was made of uranium 235. Government he is serving in so .responsible ment. "It is known that the output of uranium a position of trust. . 235 amounts to 400 grams daily at the mag But the congressional committee, thank The very authority of the Congress has heavens, is not so easily taken off guard, for been defied. It is incumbent upon us to netic separation plant at Clinton. The out put of "49" is likely two times greater (some they have garnered evidence of questionable override the President's action and the graphite units are established, planned for associations which belie his assurance that dangerous precedent thereby established. 250 mega watts, 1. e., grams, each day). "the country can relax/' This evidence· Your committee has described Dr. Con The scientific work in this field is sched points to some of his friends and intimates don as "one of the weakest links in our uled to .be published but without the tech as "alleged Soviet espionage agents." It atomic security." If there are weaker . nical details. The Americans already have points to contacts with men and women a published book on this subject. who while American cit_izens are said to b~ links in our security chain and the same members of the Communist Party, and also Presidential and departmental safe "Alex {note: Spelling is from the original- , FCW.) handed over to us a platinum with to representatives of the Soviet and. her guards are thrown up to protect them 162 micrograms of uranium 233 in the form satellite nations. It has reference to his from exposure, the committee can only of oxide in a thin lamina. We have · membership in· a society affiliated with an suggest that the Congress and the people had no news about the mail. organization branded by the United States of the United States join together in the "Grant." Att orney General himself as subversive. fervent prayer, "God help America.'' Decoded and translated, that message said Certainly these associations of Dr. Condon that a -Russian spy had furnished Russia are not very conducive to inspiring public [From the Washington Times-Herald of confidence in his assertion that "the country March .2.1, 1948] with samples of United States atom-bomb material. can relax," wb,lle he flits about among those WHO SMEARED SCIENCE? The name of the spy was Alan Nunn May. who make no secret of their intent to over (By Frank C. Waldrop) Dr. May was an Englishman of the upper throw our American democracy. Our. Con class, a professor in nuclear physics at an-· gress bright therefore in calling the admin Who smeared science? Who has got peo istration to task for thus letting down its. ple wonder!~ about the loyalty of scientists cient and honorable Cambridge university. to the Government of the United States? His family had an ancient and honorable guard at so critical a moment in our Nation's· On September 5, 1945, a little man walked name in Britain. Dr. May was one of Brit history. It is surely not the time to throw 1ntQ the office of the ottawa (Canada) ain's trusted scientific experts on the bomb, our Vigilance out of the window by giving Journal. frequently in Washington, D. C., during the to _indiscreet officials in high places, with His English was terrible. He had under war. atomic bombs in their pockets, the benefit his arms a large package of papers written Aiid he was a Soviet spy. So much so, of every doubt. With Communist plotters in a foreign language. His story was fan in fact, that the head ·of the Soviet spy ring to· the east, west, north, and south of us, even· tastic. in Ottawa, a Col. Gregory Zabotin, got a cause for the slightest doubt calls for a direct cable from Mos-cow to expect May's searching and never-relaxing investigation. He said that he was a code clerk at the Washington's patriotic advice to be vigilant Russian Embassy and that he wanted to re arrival. May's spy name was "Alek." Zabotin's· in the hour of danger won us our liberty. port the · existence of a Russian spy ring Dr. Condon's unpatriotic advice to relax is operating out of the Embassy. The papers, _spy name was "Grant." And "the director" he said, were proof of the spy ring's work, was the spy headquarters in Moscow. the surest way of having it stolen from us. documents that he had encoded and decoded. Dr. May is now doing 10 years in.a British Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I want The Ottawa Journal decided he was a ;,nut" prison. He should have been shot for the to thank the gentleman from Illinois for and threw him out. He tried again the next traitor he was. Numerous other scientists his very excellent and very factual and day. No luck. He tried the Canadian Gov in the very heart of United States-Canadian ernment. Still no luck. That night, Sep war work, some Canadians by birth, some very informative statement on this mat tember 6, 1945,.be took his baby out of apart-. British by birth, were all caught in the ter. May I also ask the gentleman from ment 4, at 511 Somerset Street, Ottawa, to same net he was. Illinois if he has taken cognizance of the the next-door apartment of Sgt. Harold W. They are doing time in various Canadian many,.many accusations to the effect that Main, of the Royal Canadian Air Force, and prisons as traitors. the committee has attacked scientists all asked Main to look aftel' the child because Who smeared science in this case? over the Nation, and that scientists have, he, the code clerk, expected to be killed One further question: Where did Alan been warned they may be subject to at before the night was over. Nunn May get that sample of uranium he tacks and smears and one thing and But Sergeant Main had more sense than slipped to Spymaster Zabotin in Ottawa, the Ottawa Journal or the Government of Canada? another? Canada, both of which had flatly refused to Uranium for bombs was manufactured Mr. VAIL. I am quite aware of that. listen to the little man. only fu the United States of America. And Mr. McDOWElL. I wonder if the gen Sergeant Main went on a bicycle for the May was down here. Who gave him t;hat tleman from Illinois knows how many neighborhood·cops. stuff ? There is but one answer possible. scientists bave been named in any mat- 1948 CONGRESSIONAL R-ECORD-HOUSE 4003 ters ever Issued by the Com_mittee on 1433. A \etter from the Secretary of the J. Patzke, Archie Mitchell, J. L. Shoemaker, Un-American Activities. Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief Einar .Engen, and N. L. Gifford; with amend Mr. VAIL. I recall of no other sci of Engineers, United States Army, dated Jan ments (Rept. No. 1629). Referred to the uary 28, 1948, submitting a report, together Committee of the Whole.House. . entist. with accompanying papers and illustration, Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. McDOWELL. There were two, I on a preliminary examination and survey _o! H. R. 1303 . . A. bill for the relief of E. La Ree will say to the gentleman from Illinois, Noyo River and Harbor, Calif., authorized by Smoot; with 'an amendment (Rept. No. 1630). the moon-gazing, left-wing, fellow-trav the River and liarbor Act approved on March Referred to the Committee of the Whole eling gentleman from Harvard Univer 2, 1945 (H. Dqc. No. 586); to the Committee House. sity, Dr. Harlow Shapley, and Dr. Condon. on Public Works and ordered to be printed, Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Judici There is one other matter that ought with one illustration. ary. H. R. 1779. A bill for the relief of the 1434. A letter fr$ the Secretary of the Winona Machine & Foundry Co., a corpora to be cleared up. The accusation has Interior, transmitting a report and findings tion, of Winona, Minn.; without amendment been made by some radio commentators on the Cachuma unit of the Santa Barbara (Rept. No. 1631) . .Referred to the Commit than an irresponsible subcommittee of County' project, ' California (H. Doc. No. 587): tee of the Whole House. the Committee on Un-American Activi to the Committee on Public Lands and or Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Judici ties issued this release. I would like to dered to be printed, with illustrations. ary. H. R. 1801. A bill for the relief of point out that the subcommittee consists, 1435. A communication from the President Mose Altman; with an amendment (Rept. No. of course, of the gentleman from Illinois, of the United States, transmitting a draft of 1632). Refe,rred to the Committee of the a proposed provision for a c6ntract author Whole House. who is known to the other members of ization of $375,000,000 for the Treasury De Mr. CRAVENS: Committee on the Judici the committee as being one of the most partment, in the form of an amendment to ary. H. R. 2131. A bill for the relief of Fred energetic, one of the· most able fact the budget for the fiscal year 1949 (H. Doc. E. Gross; without amendment (Rept. No. finders, one of the hardest working mem No. 588); to the Committee on AppropriEi 1636). · Referred to the Committee of the bers of the committee and also one of tions and ordered to be printed. Whole House. the most conservative members of the :Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. committee. ~ The other two members of H. R. 2785. A bill for the relief of the New the committee consist of the chairman of REPORTS OF. COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC Amsterdam Casualty Co.; without amend BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ment (Rept. No. 1634). Referred to the the full committee who has been a mem Committee of the Whole House. ber of the Committee on Un-American Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Judi Activities ever since it was first estab committees were delivered to the Clerk ciary. H. R. 2918. A bill for the relief · of lished in 1938. The third member of the for printing and reference to the proper the Sumner County Colored Fair Association; committee was the minority member, the calendar, as follows: · without amendment (Rept. No. 1635). Re Honorable JOHN S. Woon, of Georgia, Mr. CASE of New Jersey: Committee on ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. known to this House for many years for the Judiciary. S. 1648. An act to authorize Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Judici his integrity, his ability, and who most -the expenditure of income from Federal ary. H. R. 3007. A bill for the relief of Prison Indus.tries, Inc., for training of Fed Ernest F. Lutzken; with an amendment certainly as chairman of the full com (Rept. No. 1636). Referred to the Commit mittee was cautious about those things eral prisoners; with an amendment (Rept. No. 1653). Referred to the Committee of tee of the Whole House. he did. the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. Again I wish to thank the gentleman Mr. STEVENSON: Committee on Post Of H. R. 3114. A bill for the relief of the estate from Illinois. fice and Civil Service. House Joint Resolu of John Delman; with an amendment (Rept. tion 347. Joint resolution to authorize the No. 1637). Referred t9 th~ Committee of FOREIGN ~SSISTANCE ACT OF 1948- the Whole House. CONFERENCE REPORT Postmaster General to withhold the award ing of star-route contracts for a period of Mr. CRAVENS: Committee on the Judici Mr. EATON submitted a conference 60 days; without amendment (Rept. No. ary. H. R. 3189. A bill for the relief of Joe report and statement on the bill (S. 2202) 1654). Referred to the Committee of the Parry, with amendments (Rept. No. 1638). Whole House on the State of the 'union. Referred to the Comrr.ittee of the Whole to promote the gen~ral welfare, national House. interest, and foreign policy of the United Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. States, and for other purposes. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE H. R. 3261. A bill for the relief of Capt. BILL PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Carroll C. Garretson; without amendment (Rept. No. 1639). · Referred to the Commit Mr. LECOMPTE, from the Committee Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of tee of the Whole House. on House Administration, reported that committees were delivered to the Clerk · Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Judi that committee did on March 31, 1948, for printing and reference to the proper ciary. H. R. 3553. A bill for the relief of present- to the President, for his ap calendar, as follows: the estate of Mrs. Minerva C. Davis; without Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary.• amendment (Rept. No. 1640). Referred to proval, a bill of the House of the follow the Committee of the Whole House. ing title: S. 1235. An act for the relief of-Merchants Trapier Rogers; without amendment (Rept. Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 5314. An act to strengthen national No. 1623). Referred to the Committee of H. R. 3644. A bill for the relief of James M. security and the common defense by provid the Whole House. Dingwall, Eileen Reynolds, W. G. Peterson, ing for the maintenance of an adequate do Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. Bert Woolslayer, and Maisie Purser Davis; mestic rubber-producing industry, and for S. 1307. An act for the relief of Edward With amendments (Rept. No. 1641). Re other purpose·s. Trapier Rogers; without amendment (Rept. ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. CRAVENS: Committee on the Judi ADJOURNMENT No. 16244. Referred to the C0mmittee of the Whole House. ciary. H. R. 3931. A bill for the relief of Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Ju James W. Keith; with an amendment (Rept. move· that the House do now adjourn. diciary. S. 1312. An act for the relief of No. 1642). Referred to the Committee of Jeanette C. Jones and minor children; with the Whole House. The motion. was agreed to; accordingly Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the judi