Revisiting One World Or None
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A New Effort to Achieve World
Marshall and the Atomic Bomb Marshall and the Atomic Bomb By Frank Settle General George C. Marshall and the Atomic Bomb (Praeger, 2016) provides the first full narrative describing General Marshall’s crucial role in the first decade of nuclear weapons that included the Manhattan Project, the use of the atomic bomb on Japan, and their management during the early years of the Cold War. Marshall is best known today as the architect of the plan for Europe’s recovery in the aftermath of World War II—the Marshall Plan. He also earned acclaim as the master strategist of the Allied victory in World War II. Marshall mobilized and equipped the Army and Air Force under a single command, serving as the primary conduit for information between the Army and the Air Force, as well as the president and secretary of war. As Army Chief of Staff during World War II, he developed a close working relationship with Admiral Earnest King, Chief of Naval Operations; worked with Congress and leaders of industry on funding and producing resources for the war; and developed and implemented the successful strategy the Allies pursued in fighting the war. Last but not least of his responsibilities was the production of the atomic bomb. The Beginnings An early morning phone call to General Marshall and a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt led to Marshall’s little known, nonetheless critical, role in the development and use of the atomic bomb. The call, received at 3:00 a.m. on September 1, 1939, informed Marshall that German dive bombers had attacked Warsaw. -
Nehru and the Concept of One World
Nehru and the Concept of One World -Idealistic Fantasy or Practical Necessity? by Ambassador Shyam Saran Conference on "Nehru's Worldview and His Legacy-Democracy, Inclusion and Empowerment" New Delhi November 17, 2014 Nehru and the Concept of One World - Idealistic Fantasy or Practical Necessity? Shyam Saran We meet today to honour the memory of one of India’s most illustrious sons, Jawaharlal Nehru, and to celebrate his ideas and vision for the future, a vision not only for his beloved India but for the world as a whole. Nehru was a patriot but was also a committed internationalist. As the historian Arnold Toynbee observed: “Nehru was a pioneer in taking nothing less than the world itself as the field for his public activity”. In this context, one of Nehru’s significant contributions was his passionate advocacy of the concept of One World, which has received less attention than it deserves. Nehru drew upon the ideas of Wendell Willkie who wrote the book entitled One World which attracted Nehru. After the Second World War the Federation of American Scientists which included Albert Einstein also drew attention to how the advent of nuclear weapons had made the establishment of One World necessary to ensure human survival This paper seeks to explore how Nehru came to identify with these ideas, giving them an uniquely Indian and even Nehruvian flavour 1 and the manner in which he sought to promote their realization. Nehru’s vision of One World has a strong resonance today in a world that is riven by violence and conflict and witnessing the viral spread of extremist ideologies and fanaticism, even as the rapid advance of technology and the economics of globalization render national or regional interventions both inadequate and ineffective. -
I. I. Rabi Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered Tue Apr
I. I. Rabi Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1992 Revised 2010 March Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms998009 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm89076467 Prepared by Joseph Sullivan with the assistance of Kathleen A. Kelly and John R. Monagle Collection Summary Title: I. I. Rabi Papers Span Dates: 1899-1989 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1945-1968) ID No.: MSS76467 Creator: Rabi, I. I. (Isador Isaac), 1898- Extent: 41,500 items ; 105 cartons plus 1 oversize plus 4 classified ; 42 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Physicist and educator. The collection documents Rabi's research in physics, particularly in the fields of radar and nuclear energy, leading to the development of lasers, atomic clocks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to his 1944 Nobel Prize in physics; his work as a consultant to the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and as an advisor on science policy to the United States government, the United Nations, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during and after World War II; and his studies, research, and professorships in physics chiefly at Columbia University and also at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The new prophet : Harold C. Urey, scientist, atheist, and defender of religion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j80v92j Author Shindell, Matthew Benjamin Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The New Prophet: Harold C. Urey, Scientist, Atheist, and Defender of Religion A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Matthew Benjamin Shindell Committee in charge: Professor Naomi Oreskes, Chair Professor Robert Edelman Professor Martha Lampland Professor Charles Thorpe Professor Robert Westman 2011 Copyright Matthew Benjamin Shindell, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Matthew Benjamin Shindell is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………...... iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. -
Remembering World War Ii in the Late 1990S
REMEMBERING WORLD WAR II IN THE LATE 1990S: A CASE OF PROSTHETIC MEMORY By JONATHAN MONROE BULLINGER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Communication, Information, and Library Studies Written under the direction of Dr. Susan Keith and approved by Dr. Melissa Aronczyk ________________________________________ Dr. Jack Bratich _____________________________________________ Dr. Susan Keith ______________________________________________ Dr. Yael Zerubavel ___________________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Remembering World War II in the Late 1990s: A Case of Prosthetic Memory JONATHAN MONROE BULLINGER Dissertation Director: Dr. Susan Keith This dissertation analyzes the late 1990s US remembrance of World War II utilizing Alison Landsberg’s (2004) concept of prosthetic memory. Building upon previous scholarship regarding World War II and memory (Beidler, 1998; Wood, 2006; Bodnar, 2010; Ramsay, 2015), this dissertation analyzes key works including Saving Private Ryan (1998), The Greatest Generation (1998), The Thin Red Line (1998), Medal of Honor (1999), Band of Brothers (2001), Call of Duty (2003), and The Pacific (2010) in order to better understand the version of World War II promulgated by Stephen E. Ambrose, Tom Brokaw, Steven Spielberg, and Tom Hanks. Arguing that this time period and its World War II representations -
CSR90 the United States, China, and Taiwan
Council Special Report No. 90 February 2021 The United States, Cover photo: A red pin indicates Taiwan on a map of East Asia. (hyotographics/Shutterstock) China, and Taiwan: Council on Foreign Relations cfr.org A Strategy to Prevent War 58 East 68th Street 1777 F Street, NW New York, NY 10065 Washington, DC 20006 tel 212.434.9400 tel 202.509.8400 Robert D. Blackwill and Philip Zelikow Council Special Report No. 90 February 2021 The United States, China, and Taiwan: A Strategy to Prevent War Robert D. Blackwill and Philip Zelikow The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan membership organization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government officials, business executives, journalists, educators and students, civic and religious leaders, and other interested citizens in order to help them better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries. Founded in 1921, CFR carries out its mission by maintaining a diverse membership, with special programs to promote interest and develop expertise in the next generation of foreign policy leaders; convening meetings at its headquarters in New York and in Washington, DC, and other cities where senior government officials, members of Congress, global leaders, and prominent thinkers come together with Council members to discuss and debate major international issues; supporting a Studies Program that fosters independent research, enabling CFR scholars to produce articles, reports, and books and hold roundtables that analyze foreign policy issues and make concrete policy recommendations; publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal on international affairs and U.S. -
Nuclear Winter and the End of the Age of Agriculture by Dr
Nuclear Winter and the End of the Age of Agriculture By Dr. Lawrence Badash Professor Emeritus of History of Science Department of History University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9410 [email protected] Prepared for The Jeffrey Rubinoff Sculpture Park MAY 2010 COMPANY OF IDEAS FORUM Dr. Lawrence Badash University of California, Santa Barbara Lawrence Badash received a B.S. in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1956, and a Ph.D. in history of science from Yale University in 1964. He is Professor Emeritus of History of Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he taught for thirty-six years. He has been a NATO Postdoctoral Science Fellow at Cambridge University, a Guggenheim Fellow, Visiting Professor of International Studies at Meiji Gakuin University in Yokohama, Director of the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation's Summer Seminar on Global Security and Arms Control, a lecturer on the nuclear arms race at the Inter-University Center of Postgraduate Studies in Dubrovnik, Croatia, a Council member of the History of Science Society, a Member-at-Large of the Section on History and Philosophy of Science of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Forum on Physics and Society of the American Physical Society. Badash is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His research is centered on the physical sciences of the past century, especially the development of radioactivity and nuclear physics; on the role of scientists in the nuclear arms race; and on the interaction of science and society. -
Atomic Engery Education Volume Four.Pdf
~ t a t e of ~ ofua 1952 SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ATOMIC ENERGY (A Source Book /or General Use in Colleges) Volume IV The Iowa Plan for Atomic Energy Education Issu ed by the D epartment of Public Instruction J essie M. Parker Superintendent Des Moines, Iowa Published by the State .of Iowa ''The release of atomic energy on a large scale is practical. It is reasonable to anticipate that this new source of energy will cause profound changes in our present way of life." - Quoted from the Copyright 1952 Atomic Energy Act of 1946. by The State of Iowa "Unless the people have the essential facts about atonuc energy, they cannot act wisely nor can they act democratically."-. -David I Lilienthal, formerly chairman of the Atomic Energy Com.mission. IOWA PLAN FOR ATOMIC ENERGY EDUCATION FOREWORD Central Planning Committee About five years ago the Iowa State Department of Public Instruction became impressed with the need for promoting Atomic Energy Education throughout the state. Following a series of Glenn Hohnes, Iowa State Col1ege, Ames, General Chairman conferences, in which responsible educators and laymen shared their views on this problem, Emil C. Miller, Luther College, Decorah plans were made to develop material for use at the elementary, high school, college, and Barton Morgan, Iowa State College, Ames adult education levels. This volume is a resource hook for use with and by college students. M. J. Nelson, Iowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls Actually, many of the materials in this volume have their origin in the Atomic Energy Day Hew Roberts, State University of Iowa, Iowa City programs which were sponsored by Cornell College and Luther College two or three years L. -
“One World, Different Dreams”
Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China Monroe E. Price and Daniel Dayan, Editors http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=308803 The University of Michigan Press “One World, Different Dreams” The Contest to De‹ne the Beijing Olympics Jacques deLisle “One World, One Dream”—Slogan of the Beijing 2008 Games “Same Bed, Different Dreams”—Chinese Colloquialism The Olympics are as much about stories—many of them political—as they are about sports. The ancient Games famously included an imper- ative to warring city-states to cease hostilities, an af‹rmation of a Greek identity coextensive with civilization, and other matters beyond ath- letics. Political narrative also has been central to the modern Games. Particularly in the television age, the host nation, journalists, and oth- ers have sought to de‹ne the plotline of each Olympiad. Many recent Games have been entangled with weighty political themes: Nazi Ger- many’s rise (Berlin 1936), Middle East con›icts (Munich 1972 and Mel- bourne 1956), the Cold War (Helsinki 1952, Moscow 1980, and Los An- geles 1984), and host states’ political rehabilitation (Tokyo 1964, Rome 1960, and arguably Munich) or arrival on the world stage (Seoul 1988 and arguably Tokyo). Politics and narrative are again prominent in the Beijing Games. The host regime is determined to assure a positive story, especially on polit- ically charged issues. The 2008 Olympics have produced propaganda and mobilization efforts on a scale unseen in China since the begin- ning of the post-Mao Zedong Reform Era. Regime efforts, along with genuine popular enthusiasm, brought huge crowds to the streets the night Beijing won the right to host the Games (MacLeod 2001c; Pan and Pomfret 2001; People’s Daily 2001). -
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: the PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S. ATOMIC INTELLIGENCE, 1942-1949 Vincent Jonathan Houghton, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jon T. Sumida Department of History The subject of this dissertation is the U. S. atomic intelligence effort against both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the period 1942-1949. Both of these intelligence efforts operated within the framework of an entirely new field of intelligence: scientific intelligence. Because of the atomic bomb, for the first time in history a nation’s scientific resources – the abilities of its scientists, the state of its research institutions and laboratories, its scientific educational system – became a key consideration in assessing a potential national security threat. Considering how successfully the United States conducted the atomic intelligence effort against the Germans in the Second World War, why was the United States Government unable to create an effective atomic intelligence apparatus to monitor Soviet scientific and nuclear capabilities? Put another way, why did the effort against the Soviet Union fail so badly, so completely, in all potential metrics – collection, analysis, and dissemination? In addition, did the general assessment of German and Soviet science lead to particular assumptions about their abilities to produce nuclear weapons? How did this assessment affect American presuppositions regarding the German and Soviet strategic threats? Despite extensive historical work on atomic intelligence, the current historiography has not adequately addressed these questions. THE PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S. ATOMIC INTELLIGENCE, 1942-1949 By Vincent Jonathan Houghton Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor Jon T. -
Newly Opened Correspondence Illuminates Einstein's Personal Life
CENTER FOR HISTORY OF PHYSICS NEWSLETTER Vol. XXXVIII, Number 2 Fall 2006 One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843, Tel. 301-209-3165 Newly Opened Correspondence Illuminates Einstein’s Personal Life By David C. Cassidy, Hofstra University, with special thanks to Diana Kormos Buchwald, Einstein Papers Project he Albert Einstein Archives at the Hebrew University of T Jerusalem recently opened a large collection of Einstein’s personal correspondence from the period 1912 until his death in 1955. The collection consists of nearly 1,400 items. Among them are about 300 letters and cards written by Einstein, pri- marily to his second wife Elsa Einstein, and some 130 letters Einstein received from his closest family members. The col- lection had been in the possession of Einstein’s step-daughter, Margot Einstein, who deposited it with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with the stipulation that it remain closed for twen- ty years following her death, which occurred on July 8, 1986. The Archives released the materials to public viewing on July 10, 2006. On the same day Princeton University Press released volume 10 of The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, con- taining 148 items from the collection through December 1920, along with other newly available correspondence. Later items will appear in future volumes. “These letters”, write the Ein- stein editors, “provide the reader with substantial new source material for the study of Einstein’s personal life and the rela- tionships with his closest family members and friends.” H. Richard Gustafson playing with a guitar to pass the time while monitoring the control room at a Fermilab experiment. -
World War Ii and Us Cinema
ABSTRACT Title of Document: WORLD WAR II AND U.S. CINEMA: RACE, NATION, AND REMEMBRANCE IN POSTWAR FILM, 1945-1978 Robert Keith Chester, Ph.D., 2011 Co-Directed By: Dr. Gary Gerstle, Professor of History, Vanderbilt University Dr. Nancy Struna, Professor of American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park This dissertation interrogates the meanings retrospectively imposed upon World War II in U.S. motion pictures released between 1945 and the mid-1970s. Focusing on combat films and images of veterans in postwar settings, I trace representations of World War II between war‘s end and the War in Vietnam, charting two distinct yet overlapping trajectories pivotal to the construction of U.S. identity in postwar cinema. The first is the connotations attached to U.S. ethnoracial relations – the presence and absence of a multiethnic, sometimes multiracial soldiery set against the hegemony of U.S. whiteness – in depictions of the war and its aftermath. The second is Hollywood‘s representation (and erasure) of the contributions of the wartime Allies and the ways in which such images engaged with and negotiated postwar international relations. Contrary to notions of a ―good war‖ untainted by ambiguity or dissent, I argue that World War II gave rise to a conflicted cluster of postwar meanings. At times, notably in the early postwar period, the war served as a progressive summons to racial reform. At other times, the war was inscribed as a historical moment in which U.S. racism was either nonexistent or was laid permanently to rest. In regard to the Allies, I locate a Hollywood dialectic between internationalist and unilateralist remembrances.