The Rail Market in Spain and Portugal – 2012

Brooks Market Intelligence Reports, part of Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd www.brooksreports.com

No guarantee can be given as to the correctness and/or completeness of the information provided in this document. Users are recommended to verify the reliability of the statements made before making any decisions based on them. Contents

Introduction 4

SPAIN 5

1. Government 5

Ministerio de Fomento (Ministry of Public Works and Transport) 5 Political and funding context 5 Plan de Infraestructuras, Transporte y Vivienda (Infrastructure, Transport and Housing) 2012 -24 (PITVI) 5 Open access and regulation 6 European projects 6 Comité de Regulación Ferroviaria (Rail Regulation Committee) 6 Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes Ferroviaros (Rail Accident Investigation 7 Committee)

2. Infrastructure: Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias 8 Funding 8 EU funding 9 High-speed lines (Líneas de Alta Velocidad) 9 Conventional 1,668 mm gauge lines 9 European Train Control System 10 Freight logistics services 10 Green Lines 10

3. State rail operators 11

RENFE Operadora 11 Contract Programme 11 Subsidised services 11 Traffic 12 Passenger operations 12 Freight operations 14 Integria 15 International 15 Rolling stock 15

FEVE 18 Passenger operations 18 Freight operations 19 International 19 Rolling stock 19

4. Rail operators in the autonomous communities 20

Islas Baleares 20 Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca (Mallorca Railways) 20

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 2 Catalunya 21 Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Railways) 21 País Vasco (Basque Country) 23 Eusko Trenbideak/Ferrocarriles Vascos SA (Basque Railways) 23 Valencia 25 Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian Railways) 25

5. Open access operators 27

6. Urban rail and metro by region 30

Andalucía 30 Aragón 32 Asturias 32 Islas Baleares (Balearic Islands) 32 Islas Canarias (Canary Islands) 32 Cantabria 33 Castilla y León 33 Castilla La Mancha 33 Catalunya 33 Madrid 34 Murcia 35 País Vasco 35 Valencia 35

PORTUGAL 37

7. Government 37

Ministério da Economia e do Emprego (Ministry of Economy and Employment) 37

Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes Terrestres (Insititute of Mobility and Land 37 Transport)

Rede Ferroviária Nacional E. P. E. (Portuguese National Rail Administration) 38

8. Rail operators 39

State passenger operator 39 Passenger operations 39 Rolling stock 40 State freight operator 41 Private passenger operator 42 Open access freight operator 42

9. Urban rail and metro 43

Coimbra 43 Lisboa 43 Mirandela 44 Porto 44

Rail users across Spain have access to Europe’s most modern fleet of trains. They can also travel on Europe’s most extensive and rapidly expanding high-speed rail system. At the start of 2012 high speed services operated over 2183 route-km.

The transformation of Spain’s rail operations and infrastructure (Europe’s fifth largest in terms of route-km) has been phenomenal. In the context of the engineering challenges presented by some of Europe’s most mountainous terrain it is even more impressive. Political support from successive administrations nationally and regionally in the face of economic uncertainty has been underpinned by significant levels of EU funding. And a rail construction industry responding rapidly to the challenge has helped secure Spain’s position as a world leader in high-speed rail travel. In the international rail sector, Spanish companies represented by the trade association Mafex (Asociación de Fabricantes Exportadores de Material, Equipos y Servicios Ferroviarios) generated exports worth around EUR2 billion in 2011 (a 26.3 per cent increase from 2010).

Open access continues to present new opportunities and challenges. In the passenger sector, which has been open to competition since 2010, RENFE Operadora, Spain’s national operator has signalled its intention to compete at home and abroad. In the freight sector, where a growing number of private operators are active, it has demonstrated a policy of competition and collaboration.

Government at regional level in Spain is delivered by 17 autonomous communities. Each has an administrative capital with responsibility for delivering local transport policy. Significantly in the context of this report, those communities which have striven most to promote their own identity and culture (notably the Basque Country, Catalonia and Valencia) are those which have taken ownership of their local railways and done most to promote them. And throughout Spain investment is being committed to urban rail infrastructure to improve access to sustainable and affordable public transport and relieve congestion and pollution in cities.

In Portugal the development of high-speed passenger services has been halted by the economic crisis. However, the government indicated in 2012 that installing a standard gauge rail connection between Atlantic ports and the European freight network remained a viable proposition. Portugal’s first private passenger rail operator has been in business since 1999 and since 2009 an open access freight operator has been running international services using its own locomotives in Spain.

This report provides an overview of the structure of the rail systems and their relationship to national and local government. It contains a summary of the activities of passenger and freight operators in terms of investment, traffic, rolling stock and expansion. Urban rail projects are a particular feature of the transport scene in Spain and Portugal and their operations and planned developments are summarised.

Website addresses are included to assist further research.

July 2012

1. Government

Ministerio de Fomento (Ministry of Public Works and Transport) (www.fomento.es )

Minister: Ana Pastor Secretary of State: Rafael Catalá Polo Director General Rail: Manuel Niño González

Political and funding context

After nearly eight years in opposition the centre-right Partído Popular was returned to power at the November 2011 general election. Ana Pastor was appointed to head the Ministerio de Fomento, giving her overall responsibility for transport policy. Within the ministry government policy on infrastructure, transport and housing became the responsibility of one Secretary of State (rather than three under the former administration) reporting to the Minister. Rail policy became the direct responsibility of the Dirección General de Ferrocarriles located in the infrastructure division.

Plan de Infraestructuras, Transporte y Vivienda (Infrastructure, Transport and Housing) 2012 -24 (PITVI )

At the beginning of 2012 the government outlined its programmes and priorities for the infrastructure, transport and housing sectors that, subject to ratification in 2012, are intended to cover the period 2012-24. High level outcomes for the rail sector would include completion of the planned 1,435 mm gauge high speed network, investment in the existing 1,668 mm gauge system and improvement in the quality of suburban services.

High speed rail construction projects with investment levels specified in PITVI :

• Atlantic axis: Santiago-Vigo (EUR898 million) • Barcelona La Sagrera and Logroño stations (EUR698 million) • Castilla y León-Asturias: Venta de Baños-León-Pajares (EUR1.71 billion) • Lugo-Orense (EUR45 million) • Madrid Atocha-Chamartín (EUR630 million) • Madrid-Extremadura: Navalmoral-Cáceres-Badajoz (EUR2.65 billion) • Madrid-Galicia: Olmedo-Zamora-Orense-Vigo (EUR8.51 billion) • Madrid-Jaén: Alcázar-Manzanares; Linares-Casas de Torrubia; Grañena-Jaén (EUR239 million) • Madrid-País Vasco: Valladolid-Venta de Baños-Burgos-Vitoria-Y Vasca (EUR4.32 billion)

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 5 • Mediterranean corridor covering the sections: Barcelona-French border; La Encina- Valencia; Albacete-Alicante; Alicante-Murcia; Murcia- Almería; Murcia-Cartagena; Antequera-Granada; Granada- Algeciras (EUR6.54 billion) • Mediterranean corridor connection at Tarragona with the Madrid-Barcelona high speed line (EUR380 million) • Navarra corridor: Castejón-Pamplona (EUR875 million) • Palencia-Santander (EUR3.4 billion) • Seville-Cádiz (EUR195 million) • Seville-Huelva (EUR1.2 billion) • Valencia-Castellón (EUR800 million)

Open access and regulation

Spain’s rail network was opened to competition in accordance with EU regulations at the beginning of 2006 for freight and 2010 for passenger operations. The Rail Directorate at the Ministerio de Fomento is responsible for the issue and revoking of rail licences. Whilst the first open access passenger operators has yet to begin operating, a growing number of companies (see Section 5 of this report) have been granted licences and safety certificates to operate freight services.

European Projects

Spain is taking forward a number of rail projects central to EU transport policy including:

• Extending the Madrid Puerta de Atocha-Barcelona Sants high-speed line (which opened in 2008) to Figueres and the border with France to connect with the European high speed network. • Extending the Madrid Chamartín-Valladolid high-speed line (which opened in 2007) to Burgos, Vitoria and the border with France to form part of the European Atlantic rail corridor. • Construction of the high-speed link from Madrid to Badajoz Badajoz (intended to have formed part of the Madrid-Lisboa high speed line prior to the cancellation of 1,435 mm gauge high speed rail construction projects in Portugal). • Participation in the Ferrocarril del Mediterráneo (Ferrmed) North-South axis freight project. • The European Rail Train Management System. The incorporation and development of ERTMS on Spain’s high-speed and high-capacity rail network, its installation on Madrid suburban services (190 km of the suburban network and 112 Series 465 Civia units have been equipped) and the Madrid – Barcelona high speed line in 2011 along with trials elsewhere on conventional 1,668 mm gauge lines has put Spain at the forefront of ERTMS development.

Comité de Regulación Ferroviaria (Rail Regulation Committee) ([email protected] )

President : Juan Miguel Sánchez García

Spain’s rail regulation committee was formed in 2005. The president and four board members are appointed by the Minister, with staff seconded from her department. The committee has

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 6 responsibility for a broad range of regulatory functions and is charged also with resolving any areas of disagreement that might arise between ADIF and train operating companies.

Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes Ferroviaros (Rail Accident Investigation Committee)

President: Vicente Rallo Guinot

CIAF comprises the president, appointed by the Minister, and five board members. CIAF reports to the Ministerio de Fomento although it is independent of government, ADIF and train operators. Its remit is to investigate the causes of accidents and produce recommendations to improve safety.

Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF) (www.adif.es )

President: Enrique Verdeguer Puig

Gauges: 1,668 mm; 1,435 mm; mixed (1,668/1,435 mm); 1,000 mm

Route length: 11,707* km; 2,099 km; 120 km; 18 km;

Electrification: 6,482 km at 3 kV DC; 2,183** km at 25 kV AC 50 Hz; 18 km at 1.5 kV DC

Status as at 31 December 2011. Excludes FEVE operated infrastructure. Source: Declaración sobre la Red 2012 (ADIF)

* Includes 84.1 km for high speed services (Orense-Santiago) and lines out of use but not formally closed.

** Includes 84.1 km of 1,668 mm gauge electrified at 25 kV (Orense- Santiago).

ADIF, the state-owned rail infrastructure company, was formed in 2005. Management of operations and infrastructure had been the responsibility of the former RENFE from its formation in 1941 until the end of 2004.

Accountable to the Ministerio de Fomento, ADIF is charged with developing the high-speed 1,435 mm gauge and conventional 1,668 mm gauge networks on the state-owned system and maintaining track and lineside equipment. Its responsibilities include stations and around 100 freight terminals as well as allocating train paths and collecting track access charges and tariffs for station and freight terminal use. At the beginning of 2012 ADIF employed 13,248 people.

Funding

Spain’s operational high-speed network grew from 1,150 route-km in 2006 to 2,183 route-km at the end of 2011 (2,099 route-km on 1,435 mm gauge, and 84 km on 1,668 mm gauge between Orense and Santiago). Under the PITVI 2012-24 around EUR25 billion is allocated to ongoing development of the high-speed network. For 2012 rail accounted for 50.7 per cent

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 8 of the EUR5.96 billion budget allocated by the Ministerio de Fomento under the PITVI. This included a total of EUR4.18 billion allocated to high-speed infrastructure projects and EUR367.4 million to the conventional 1,668 mm gauge network.

EU funding

All of the high-speed construction projects have been supported by significant levels of EU subsidy and loans from the European Investment Bank. This has been channelled through the Fondo de Cohesión (Cohesion Fund); Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (European Regional Development Fund); and Transeuropeas de Transporte (Trans European Transport Networks or RTET) subsidies. The Cohesion Fund provides financial support to member states aimed at reducing economic and social disparities through support for large scale, environmentally friendly transport infrastructure schemes. The purpose of the European Regional Development Fund is to support the reduction of economic inequality between regions whilst the Trans European Transport Networks subsidies provide support to international transport and energy networks.

In the case of the Madrid Chamartín-Valladolid high-speed line the level of subsidy from the Cohesion Fund for construction amounted to EUR1.59 billion, with a further EUR193.3 million allocated from the European Regional Development Fund for electrification works and signalling and EUR21.3 million in Trans European Transport Networks subsidy.

High speed lines (Líneas de Alta Velocidad)

LAV operational in 2012 (with opening dates and route-km) :

1992 Madrid Puerta de Atocha-Sevilla (471 km) 2003 Zaragoza-Huesca (79 km) 2005 La Sagra-Toledo (21 km) 2007 Córdoba-Málaga (155 km) 2007 Madrid Chamartín-Valladolid (179 km) 2008 Madrid Puerta de Atocha-Barcelona (689 km) 2009 Madrid avoiding line (linking the Barcelona and Sevilla routes) (5 km) 2010 Figueres-French border (20 km) 2010 Madrid and Valencia via Cuenca (391 km) and between Cuenca and Albacete (74 km) 2011 Orense-Santiago (84 km 1,668 mm gauge)

Construction was in progress on sections of the following high speed lines in 2010 :

Barcelona -Figueres (131.4 km) Bobadilla-Granada (109 km) La Coruña-Vigo (158 km) Madrid Puerta de Atocha-Chamartín (8.2 km) Madrid-Castilla La Mancha-Comunidad Valenciana-Región de Murcia (517 km) Murcia-Almería (184.4 km) Madrid-Navalmoral (191 km) Navamoral-Portuguese border (via Cáceres and Badajoz) (278 km) Olmedo- Zamora-Orense (363 km) Pajares deviation (49.7 km) Sevilla-Antequera (128 km)

LAV construction costs:

Madrid-Sevilla EUR2,821.4 million Córdoba-Málaga EUR2,277.5 million Madrid-Valladolid EUR3,729.8 million Madrid-Barcelona EUR8,179.6 million

Conventional 1,668 mm gauge lines

The state-owned 1,668 mm gauge network for which ADIF is responsible totalled 11,623 route-km at the end of 2011. A further 84.1 route-km (between Orense and Santiago) was operated over by high-speed services and 120 route-km was mixed 1,435mm/1,668mm gauge. On the state-owned 1,000 mm gauge network RENFE Operadora ran services over an 18 route-km line and FEVE operated over a 1,192.5 route-km system. In 2012 the government signalled that as part of the Programa Nacional de Reformas 2012 (National Reform Programme) FEVE would be absorbed by ADIF and RENFE to facilitate the separation of infrastructure and operations and achieve operating economies. (Although it formed part of the state-owned network (Red Ferroviaria de Interés General), FEVE rather than ADIF had been responsible for infrastructure).

European Train Control System

This has been installed on most of the high-speed lines (the Sevilla high speed line was equipped with the German LZB). In addition a 90 km section of the Madrid-Valencia 1,668 mm gauge line has been fitted with Levels 1 and 2 for a trial period. The Madrid suburban system has been largely equipped, with Level 2 operational in time for the opening of the Chamartín-Atocha (via Sol) suburban tunnel in 2008.

Freight logistics services (Servicios Logísticos de Mercancías)

ADIF is responsible for the management of freight terminals at more than 100 sites on the national network. This includes controlling access to and dispatch from terminals and collecting tariffs. It has a fleet of shunting locomotives operated previously by RENFE.

Green Lines (Vías Verdes) (www.viasverdes.com )

ADIF continues to manage disused railway lines and railway buildings to promote access to the countryside. On more than 50 former lines the track bed has been lifted to promote access for walkers and cyclists and many former station buildings have been leased for recreational purposes.

RENFE Operadora (www.renfe.com )

President: Julio Gómez-Pomar Rodríguez

RENFE (Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles) Operadora was formed in 2005 when the management of passenger and freight operations was separated from infrastructure. It operates high-speed passenger services over Europe’s most extensive 1,435 mm gauge system (2,099 route-km, with a further 84.1 route km over 1,668 mm gauge) and passenger and freight operations throughout Spain on the 1,668 mm gauge (11,623 route-km) network. The proposal under the National Reform Programme 2012 for RENFE to take responsibility for the FEVE-operated network would add 1,192 route km of 1,000 mm gauge lines to the 18 route-km currently operated. At the start of 2011 RENFE employed 13,830 people.

Contract Programme 1 January 2006 - 31 December 2010

RENFE’s former Contract Programme, terminated by the new government in 2012, defined the relationship between the company and the state in the context of the previous government’s transport policy. It focused on the financial and budgetary framework. It set a range of targets including a gradual reduction in the number of employees (from 14,888 to 13,317) and a reduction in train accidents per million-train km (from 0.072 to 0.026).

Total investment in the Programme was EUR5.77 billion, of which EUR4.43 billion was allocated to the replacement and modernisation of traction and rolling stock. The annual level of investment during this period was around six times greater than in the years preceding the introduction of the Contract Programme. State subsidy to support investment in 2010 was EUR404 million, having peaked at EUR479 million in 2009.

In 2012 the Ministerio de Fomento allocated EUR848 million to RENFE in formal settlement of the Contract Programme, to clear outstanding debts and provide compensation for its public service obligations.

Subsidised services

RENFE Operadora receives state subsidy in the form of a public service obligation grant for operating suburban and regional services. In 2010 this amounted to EUR366.68 million compared to EUR382.98 million in 2009 and EUR379.98 million in 2008. These amounts were greater than forecast in the Contract Programme 2006-10 which put the total level of subsidy for the period covered by the five-year plan at EUR1.65 billion. High-speed and long- distance passenger services and freight operations are priced commercially and not subsidised.

Traffic and revenue 2008 2009 2010

Passenger journeys 499.7 466.6 453.7 (million)

Passenger km 22,073 21,699 20,977 (million)

Passenger revenue 1.61 1.66 1.70 (EUR) (billion)

Freight tonnes 22.0 16.56 16.06 (million)

Freight tonne-km 9.73 6.97 7.41 (billion)

Freight revenue 323.93 232.60 231.41 (EUR) (million)

Provisional results for 2011 put the total number of passenger journeys at 468 million (an increase of around three per cent compared to 2010) and the total freight tonnes carried at 17.3 million tonnes (an increase of 7.8 per cent).

Passenger operations

RENFE Operadora has maintained Spain’s longstanding tradition of branded passenger services (such as AVE and Avant). These are familiar to customers by their use on timetables, tickets and station announcements and are used to define levels of service and fares. RENFE’s online ticket sales offer discounts of up to 80 per cent for advance (up to 120 days) reservations. Booking fees for online transactions were abolished in 2012. Seat reservation is automatic on high-speed and long-distance services and when all seats have been allocated on a particular train no further tickets are sold. Refunds of up to 100 per cent are offered in the event of high-speed services arriving late. Punctuality on AVE services in 2010 was 93.34 per cent between Madrid-Barcelona; 95.50 per cent between Madrid and Málaga/Sevilla; and 94.89 per cent between Madrid and Valladolid.

• AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) operated by Series 100, 102/112, 103 trainsets over the 1,435 mm gauge high-speed network engineered for speeds up to 350 km/h;

• Alvia and Altaria often formed by variable gauge Series 120/121 and 130/730 trainsets operating at up to 250 km/h; and

• Arco, Diurno (daytime), Estrella, Talgo and Trenhotel, typically comprising locomotive hauled cross-country services (overnight in the case of Estrella and Trenhotel. The latter, operated by Elipsos Internacional SA (owned jointly by RENFE and SNCF) links Madrid Chamartín with Paris, and Barcelona with Milan, Paris and Zurich).

Organised geographically into five business units, the sector generated 22.19 million passenger journeys (10.42 billion passenger-km) in 2010. This represented a 3.9 per cent decrease in passenger journeys compared to 2009 when 23.09 million passenger journeys (10.78 billion passenger-km) were made. Over the same period, traffic receipts increased by 2.1 per cent to EUR1.08 billion (from EUR1.06 billion).

Cercanías y Media Distancia (suburban and regional):

Cercanías :

Intensively operated suburban services centred on 12 metropolitan areas. A total of 431.55 million passenger journeys (10.55 billion passenger-km) were recorded in 2010, mainly in Madrid (245.21 million) and Barcelona (114.38 million). This figure represented a decrease of 2.7 per cent (a decrease of 3.3 per cent passenger-km) on the previous year, attributed to the economic downturn.

At 467 km the six-line Barcelona suburban system is Spain’s most extensive and serves 107 stations. From the beginning of 2010 responsibility for its management passed to the Catalan government (see Section 6 ).The Plan de Cercanías de Barcelona 2008-15 (total investment EUR572 million) makes provision for 25 km of new lines and a further nine stations.

The Madrid suburban system comprises eight lines serving 99 stations and extends to 356 km including the 18 km 1,000 mm gauge line from Cercidilla to Cotos. The Plan de Infraestructuras de Cercanías de la Comunidad de Madrid (suburban infrastructure plan) announced in 2009 provides for the construction of a further 115 km, along with improvements aimed at increasing capacity along 68 km of the existing system. At least 25 new stations are envisaged, plus refurbishment of 55 existing stations. Twelve neighbourhoods are to be served for the first time by suburban services, putting 90 per cent of the capital’s population within easy reach of the network. Total budget for the project was put at EUR6 billion.

Line C1 has served Terminal 4 at Madrid’s international airport at Barajas since September 2011. A new 8.8 km line between Chamartín and Terminal 4 (with an intermediate station at Fuente de La Mora) has been built at a cost of EUR218.3 million). A third rail has been incorporated to form dual-gauge track to enable high-speed services to operate to the airport

The 15 km line C-3a between Pinto and San Martín de la Vega was closed in April 2012 along with its two stations due to low passenger numbers. It opened in 2002 to serve a theme park at San Martín de la Vega.

In Andalucía services were introduced between Sevilla Santa Justa and La Cartuja in 2012. Plans to form a suburban network in Galicia were under consideration in 2012.

Alta Velocidad de Media Distancia (High-speed regional):

Avant services are operated by Series 104 and 114 units at up to 250 km/h over high-speed lines serving routes including Madrid Chamartín-Segovia-Valladolid, Madrid Puerta de Atocha-Toledo and Sevilla-Córdoba-Málaga. In 2010 the number of passenger journeys was 5.90 million (5.65 million in 2009).

Media Distancia, Regional Express and Regional :

Limited stop and slower services over 1,668 mm gauge lines operated predominantly by Series 449 electric and 599 diesel units. The number of passenger journeys in 2010 was 25.61 million (26.61 in 2009).

Freight operations

Director Freight : Manuel José Megía Puente

RENFE’s freight activities are structured around four business sectors, each of which can attract private investment of up to 45 per cent:

• Contren www.contrenrenfe.com

Contren is the container traffic operator with around 3,200 wagons and 800 containers.

• Irion www.irionrenfe.com

Irion transports iron and steel products, typically rolled steel, utilising a fleet of 3,000 wagons and operating around 300 trains a week.

• Multi www.multirenfe.com

Multi transports bulk commodities, typically coal, cement, paper, cereals and chemical products utilising a fleet of around 6,000 wagons.

• Pecovasa www.pecovasa.es

RENFE has exploited international markets in collaboration with other national operators. Iberian Link, a container service operated in partnership with CP since 2009, links Sines, Setúbal, Porto and Lisboa with Madrid, Barcelona, Tarragona and Zaragoza and carried 8,500 containers in 2011 (8,200 in 2010). RENFE also works in partnership with private freight operators.

Integria (Manufacturing and maintenance)

Integria is RENFE Operadora’s in-house maintenance division focusing on repairs and refurbishment. It is also working with external partners at a number of sites across Spain. At Villaverde (Madrid) it has a 14-year agreement with Bombardier to share construction and maintenance resources (this is where the Bombardier F140 freight locomotives are being assembled); at Las Prados (Málaga) production has focused on S-112 trainsets and Trenhotel coaches and at Valladolid, Integria is collaborating with CAF, Alstom and Siemens to deliver refurbished medium-distance and suburban vehicles.

International

A consortium of Spanish and Saudi Arabian companies led by RENFE and including ADIF and Talgo was awarded an EUR7 billion contract in 2011 to deliver the permanent way, electrification, signalling and rolling stock for the 449.2 route-km high-speed line between Medinah and Makkah-Harum, construction of which is underway. The double-track 1,435 mm gauge line is to be engineered for 300 km/h running with a journey time of 150 minutes. Talgo will provide 33 trainsets based on RENFE’s S-112 with an option for a further 23. An additional set will be built to an enhanced specification to form a royal train. RENFE will also design and build three facilities for trainset maintenance. The contract covering the design, building, operation and maintenance of services runs for 12 years.

Rolling stock

Investment of EUR5.77 billion in modernisation of rolling stock from 2006-10 has equipped RENFE with Europe's most modern fleet. It covered 197 new high-speed trainsets, 237 Civia units, 107 new medium-distance trainsets, 100 new Bombardier F140 locomotives for the freight sector and 330 freight wagons. Around 230 passenger coaches and 13,000 freight wagons were in use.

Series 730

In 2010 RENFE placed a EUR78 million contract with Talgo-Bombardier for the conversion of 15 of its Series 130 trainsets to dual electro-diesel traction. The S-130 variable gauge 250km/h trainsets entered service with RENFE in 2008 and the first converted units, designated S-730, entered commercial service in June 2012 between Madrid Chamartín and A Coruña. This Alvia service operates over high-speed 1,435 mm gauge lines and 1,668 mm gauge electrified and non-electrified lines during the course of its journey.

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 15 Talgo-Bombardier is also developing a prototype variable gauge S-130 capable of running at 300 km/h. The S-130, which is employed on services which involve a change of gauge during their journey, is restricted to 250 km/h. CAF is also developing a similar project.

Disposals

The introduction of high-speed trainsets has led to the displacement of electric locomotives on all but a few passenger services. In the freight sector the completion of Series 333.3 rebuilds, delivery of 100 Bombardier F140 locomotives and increasing competition from private operators has led to the withdrawal of large numbers of Series 269, 279 and 289 locomotives, the first of which entered service in 1967. In 2010 the first batch of 50 redundant units was offered for sale with a five-year maintenance contract. This offer built on Spain’s long tradition of exporting redundant rolling stock, particularly to Latin America, where a rail renaissance has created significant continuing demand from Argentina for Series 319 diesel locomotives and from Chile for Series 269 electric locomotives and multiple-units.

RENFE modernised fleet (excluding older vehicles and those earmarked for withdrawal).

High-speed and long-distance

Series Builder Speed Date Number in Notes (km/h) introduced service

100 GEC Alsthom 300 1992 18 Refurbished 2009-11

101 GEC Alsthom 220 1996 0 6 being rebuilt as S-100

102 Bombardier/Talgo 350 2003 16

103 Siemens/CAF 350 2005 26

104 Alstom/CAF 250 2004 20

112 Talgo/Bombardier 350 2009 20

130 Talgo/Bombardier 250 2006 45 Variable gauge. 15 rebuilt as S-730

334 Vossloh 200 2006 28 Diesel loco

Series Builder Speed Date Number Notes (km/h) introduced in service

114 CAF/Alstom 250 2009 13

120 CAF/Alstom 250 2005 28 Variable gauge

121 CAF 250 2008 29 Variable gauge

449 CAF 180 2009 57

462-5 Alstom/CAF/Siemens 120 2003 237

490 Alsthom/Fiat 220 1999 10

598 CAF 160 2004 21 Tilting DMU

599 CAF 160 2009 50

Freight

Series Builder Speed Date Number in Notes (km/h) introduced service

253 Bombardier 140 2008 100

333.3 Alsthom/Vossloh 140 2002 90 Rebuilt from S-333

President: Marcelino Oreja Arburúa

Gauge: 1,000 mm

Route length: 1,192.5 km

Electrification: 339 km at 1.5 kV DC

FEVE (Ferrocarriles de Vía Estrecha) is the state-owned operator of the 1,000 mm gauge lines that have not been adopted by autonomous communities. With the exception of the 19.61 km Cartagena-Los Nietos line in Murcia, FEVE’s route-km network is in northwest Spain. At the start of 2012 FEVE employed 1,857 people.

In 2012 FEVE’s annual operating deficit was put at around EUR150 million with debt of around EUR600 million. Under the government’s National Reform Programme 2012, FEVE would be absorbed by RENFE Operadora and ADIF which would assume responsibility for metre gauge operations and infrastructure respectively.

Electrification

Electrification of the line from Oviedo to Santander was ongoing in 2012, with the Arriondas- Ribadesella section (costed at EUR6.38 million including a substation at Ribadesella) nearing completion.

Passenger operations

FEVE’s most intensive passenger operations are the suburban services around Oviedo and Santander. These account respectively for around 5 million and 4 million passenger journeys annually. A regional service, typically two trains daily, operates between Bilbao, Santander and Oviedo and between Oviedo and Ferrol. One train operates in each direction between Bilbao and San Feliz, the terminus for León during construction of the León tramway which started in 2012. FEVE services generate around 12 million passenger journeys annually. FEVE also operates tourist services, including the Transcantábrico and La Robla luxury charter trains, and charter services utilising conventional passenger coaches. From 2012 it has operated the Ál Andalus luxury train in Andalucía in collaboration with RENFE Operadora.

Tram-Train

Conversion of the Cartagena-Los Nietos line in Murcia to a tram-train operation will provide new halts at 400 metre intervals to improve interoperability with other public transport, though the line will remain non-electrified. Planned extensions of the Cartagena system include a short line linking the FEVE station with the tourist centre, the university and the bus

FEVE plans to introduce the tram-train concept to some of its electrified lines in Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia for which an order for a further 24 vehicles will eventually be required. In 2011 it placed an EUR21.8 million order with Vossloh España for four units for delivery in 2013 to operate between Gijón and Laviana. (Construction of the line started in 2009 on the first phase, a EUR55 million project to construct a 2.9 km section (1.79 km underground) at Langreo). A similar order, valued at EUR18 million, was placed with Vossloh in 2011 for four units to operate Gijón-Avilés services from 2013. These orders followed an EUR17.63 million order placed with Vossloh in 2010 for the first four tram-trains for the León system.

Freight operations

FEVE carries coal from Asturias and iron and steel products to the Santander and Bilbao areas in collaboration with Basque Railways (ET/FV). Around 4 million freight-tonnes are carried annually.

International

FEVE is continuing to collaborate with overseas operators. In 2012 it completed the refurbishment of three Series 2400 series diesel locomotives on behalf of Ferrocarriles del Ecuador and rebuilding of rolling stock to operate tourist services. Also in 2012 it reached an agreement with Ferroviaria Oriental SA in Bolivia to provide technical support and management services for the development of that company’s freight activities. FEVE continues to sell its redundant locomotives and rolling stock to Latin America with customers including the railway operators of Argentina, Costa Rica and Ecuador. At the end of 2011 a further five Series 2400 diesel units and three Series 1500 diesel locomotives were sold to the government of Argentina for EUR7.5 million. In 2012 it agreed the EUR4.5 million sale to Costa Rica of a further six Series 2400 units for delivery at the end of the year.

Rolling stock

FEVE operates 36 diesel locomotives and 17 Class 1900 electro-diesels. The latter are used primarily for freight but also for the Transcantábrico and other passenger charter work. The multiple-unit fleet comprises 58 electric multiple-units and 37 diesel units, the most modern of which are the Series 2700 and 2900 diesel-hydraulic units supplied by CAF. There are 17 passenger coaches utilised for charter services and 1,141 freight wagons. The Transcantábrico fleet comprises 29 passenger coaches and the La Robla fleet is made up of nine coaches.

Islas Baleares (Balearic Islands)

Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca (Mallorca Railways) (www.trensfm.com )

President: Gabriel Company Bauzà Managing Director: Jose Ramón Orta Rotger

Regional government :

SFM is accountable to the Conselleria de Mobilitat I Ordenació del Territori of the Islas Baleares autonomous community.

The responsibilities of this department of the government of the Balearic Islands include developing and integrating all modes of public transport. For rail services in Mallorca this includes safety and security issues, improvements and modernisation of the infrastructure and rolling stock, setting performance standards, timetable planning and fare structures.

All public transport including rail and metro is branded Transports de les Illes Balears (TIB).

SFM Passenger services

Electrified services were introduced in 2012 between Palma and Inca and Enllaç (33.5 km), from where non-electrified lines diverge to serve Sa Pobla (12.5 km) and Manacor (31.1 km). SFM operates Metro de Palma services between the intermodal station and the university over an electrified 8.5 km double track line serving nine stations, eight of which are underground. The total number of passenger journeys in 2011 was 4.07 million (an increase of 4.08 per cent from 2010).

Reconstruction of the line from Manacor to Artà (30.4 km) for tram-train operation began in 2010 but was suspended in 2011 due to the economic downturn. A new tram line, Tram Badía, has been proposed to link Palma with Bahía de Palma (18.1 km) via Son Sant Joan airport and with Calvià (20.8 km) although it remained at a consultative stage in 2012.

Rolling stock

From 2012 the first CAF-built Series 8100 electric units (part of an order for five, five-coach and eight, four-coach units) have operated between Palma, Inca and Enllaç. Services over non-electrified lines are operated by CAF Series 6100 dmus. Six CAF Series 7100 two-car units operate Metro de Palma services.

Chairman: Joan Torres I Carol Director General (Railways): Ramón Borrell Daniel

Regional government

Departamento de Política Territorial y Obras Públicas, Generalitat de Catalunya (www.gencat.cat )

Infrastructure authority

Infraestructures de la Generalitat de Catalunya S.A.U (www.infraestructures.cat )

FGC operates a range of urban, regional and tourist passenger services alongside RENFE, Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (operator of the Barcelona Metro and local buses) and Tram Barcelona. FGC continues to develop as a freight operator. Funding is allocated through the Catalunya government’s Transport Infrastructure Plan 2006-26. In 2010 FGC employed 1,244 people on the railway network (1,689 in total, including seasonal staff).

FGC Traffic 2010

Passenger journeys 79,761,243

Passenger-km 798,556,304

Passenger revenue (EUR) 63,111,272

Freight tonnes 627,705

Freight tonne-km 37,246,951

Freight revenue (EUR) 3,738,491

Passenger services

The busiest passenger lines are the electrified 1,435 mm gauge line from Barcelona Plaça Catalunya-Sant Cugat (the Vallès line) and the 1,000 mm gauge line from Barcelona Plaça Espanya-Igualada and Manresa (the Llobregat-Anoia line). These have lengths of 45 km and

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 21 139 km respectively. FGC has responsibility also for management and exploitation of the non-electrified 1,668 mm gauge line between Lleida and La Pobla de Segur (88 km). Since assuming this role from RENFE in 2005 FGC has received funding from the Catalan government (a total of EUR60 million has been approved) to carry out infrastructure repairs. Diesel units to operate this service continue to be leased from RENFE although in 2012 FGC announced its intention to acquire two replacement units in 2013 and achieve a reduction in journey time from 110 minutes to 90 minutes. In the longer term the Transport Infrastructure Plan 2006-26 provides for the line to be converted to tram-train operation, one of six such schemes.

FGC operates the 1,000 mm gauge Vall de Núria rack railway (12.5 km) between Ribes de Freser and Núria, the L’Alt Llobregat line between La Pobla de Lillet and Castellar de N’Hug and the 5.2 km rack railway between Monistrol de Montserrat and the mountain resort of Montserrat. It also manages a range of facilities including cable cars at the mountain resorts near Barcelona.

In 2010 punctuality levels across all passenger services operated by FGC averaged 99.69 per cent.

Freight services

Autometro (a consortium formed by FGC, Comsa Rail Transport and Pecovasa) began carrying vehicles from the SEAT factory at Martorell to the Port of Barcelona in 2008. Around 90,000 were carried in 2011 compared to 73,330 in 2010. Another consortium, Cargometro (formed by FGC (with a 51 per cent shareholding), RENFE and Comsa Rail Transport), carries components 40 km between the two SEAT factories in the Barcelona area. It operated 1,200 trains in 2011 (539 in 2010). Two of the former Teco Media Distancia sets (each comprising nine container flats ‘top and tailed’ by a freight locomotive) acquired from, and crewed by RENFE each make three round trips daily, saving around 32,000 truck journeys by road annually.

FGC carries potassium salts from the mines at Suria to the Port of Barcelona. A total of 375,423 tonnes was moved in 2011 (52.43 per cent more than 2010) in 482 trains (321 in 2010) generating income of EUR2.2 million (an increase of 40 per cent from 2010). The amount of common salts carried from the mines at Suria and Solvay de Martorell in 410 trains (8 more than 2010) increased to 301,340 tonnes in 2011 (2.69 per cent more than 2010).

In 2009 FGC obtained a private freight operator’s licence to operate on the Spanish state network.

Rolling stock

FGC operates around 85 electric units on the Vallès and Llobregat-Anoia lines, eight freight locomotives and around 190 freight wagons. At the beginning of 2010 FGC placed two EUR77.5 million orders, one with CAF and one with Alstom, for 24 electric multiple-units (12 from each company). The contract included an option for a further 20 units.

Eusko Trenbideak/Ferrocarriles Vascos SA (Basque Railways) (www.euskotren.es )

President: Iñaki Arriola López

Regional Government

Departamento de Vivienda, Obras Públicas y Transportes (www.garraioak.ejgv.euskadi.net)

ET/FV was set up by the Basque government in 1982 to operate the electrified 1,000 mm gauge rail system in Vizcaya and Guipúzcoa. Since 1996 its operations have been branded EuskoTren and expanded to include EuskoTran (tramways in Bilbao and Vitoria) and EuskoKargo (freight), along with 13 local bus services. In 2006 EuskoTren was granted a private freight operator’s licence. ET/FV employed 929 people at the start of 2011.

Strategic Plan XX1

The plan sets out the Basque government’s objectives and levels of investment for the period 2007-2012.

Infrastructure

Euskal Trenbide Sarea (ETS) (www.ets-rfv.euskadi.net )

ETS is a public body set up by the Basque government to maintain and develop the transport infrastructure.

ET/FV traffic

2009 2010

Passenger journeys 17.14 16.69 (EuskoTren) (million)

Passenger journeys 7.48 9.82 (EuskoTran) (million)

Freight tonnes 121,419 139,622

5.37 5.41 Passenger journeys (bus) (million)

EuskoTren operates from Bilbao Atxuri to Bermeo; Atxuri to San Sebastian (Amara station); Duesto to Lezama; and from Lasarte Oria to Hendaye in France via San Sebastián and Irún. EuskoTran operates in Bilbao between Atxuri and Basurto (5 km) and in Vitoria between Angulema and Ibaiondo (4.96 km) and Abetxuko (2.18 km).

ET/FV revenue from ticket sales (EUR million)

2009 2010

Rail 13.54 13.46

Tram 4.08 4.99

Bus 4.83 4.91

Freight services

ET/FV has a long standing agreement with FEVE to enable FEVE locomotives to operate on the ET/FV system conveying iron and steel products, principally on behalf of Arcelor Mittal SA between its factories in Asturias and the Basque Country. In 2008 EuskoKargo in collaboration with FEVE reintroduced a flow from the port of Bermeo, the first freight on the line for 30 years. Future flows may include container traffic, iron and steel products and timber to and from the port of Irún.

Rolling stock

EuskoTren operates around 50 electric multiple-units, four electric locomotives, two diesel locomotives and around 50 freight wagons.

In 2009 Euskokargo took delivery of the first of 12 dual-traction freight locomotives forming part of a EUR37.5 million order placed with Ingeteam in 2005. Infrastructure improvements anticipated at the time the order was placed (including improved access to the Port of Bermeo, development of a dry port at Amorebieta, reopening of the Azpeitia-Zumaia line and improving access to the Port of Pasaia) were not implemented as a result of the economic downturn and the locomotives remained under utilised in 2012. EuskoKargo required no more than four to meet its commitments and others were made available for hire, with the first entering service with FGC in 2012.

The first Series 900 four-car electric units entered service in 2011 (a EUR128 million order for 27 units was placed with CAF in 2008). Delivery was continuing in 2012 and scheduled for completion in 2014.

Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian Railways) (www.fgv.es )

President : Isabel Bonig Trigueros Managing Director: Marisa Gracia Giménez

Regional government

Conselleria de Infraestructuras y Transporte de Generalitat Valenciana (www.gva.es)

During the period 2004-10 investment in the rolling stock fleet amounted to EUR540 million, with orders for 62 Series 4300 electric units, 40 trailing coaches and 21 tram units.

FGV employs around 1,800 people.

FGV Traffic

2009 2010 2011

Passenger journeys 66.41 67.8 64.91 (million): Metrovalencia (metro and tram)

Passenger journeys 4.69 5.2 6.13 (million): Tram de Alicante

Passenger operations

TRAM Alicante is a 1,000 mm gauge 98.89 km surface system serving the city of Alicante and extending to Benidorm and Denia. Four lines are in operation, serving 60 stations and halts.

Metrovalencia is a 1,000 mm gauge electrified 146.7 km (24.1 km underground) system serving greater Valencia. Five lines are in operation of which two (Lines T4 and T6 with a length of 15.9 km and 10.0 km respectively) are tramways. A total of 133 stations and halts are served of which 33 are underground. The Metrovalencia 2012 modernisation plan targeted infrastructure and rolling stock replacement and improvements in performance to include a service frequency of three minutes at the centre of the network and 15 minutes at the extremities. Investment of EUR500 million in the plan included a EUR30.7 million contract

Rolling stock

TRAM Alicante operates six Series 2500 diesel trams, rebuilt from FGV Series 2300 diesel units to operate services over the remaining non-electrified section of the Denia line, 11 Series 4200 and nine Series 4100 electric trams.

Metrovalencia will complete its fleet modernisation programme at the end of 2012 when the remaining Series 4300 units equipped with Automatic Train Operation enter service and Series 3900 is withdrawn. It also operates 25 Series 3800 and 19 Series 3200 tram units. FGV also operates a tourist train, the Limon Exprés , for which it maintains three diesel locomotives and 12 passenger coaches.

Freight operations

In 2008 FGV acquired a 33 per cent share in Logitren Ferroviaria SA in partnership with Grupo Torres Cámara and ACS-Vías y Construcciones. Logitren began operating container trains in 2010 between Valencia and Zaragoza, carrying a total of 9,500 containers in its first year. In 2011 it introduced weekly services between Valencia and Valladolid and Barcelona and Bilbao followed by a Castellón to Bilbao service in April 2012. Locomotives and rolling stock are leased from Alpha Trains and RENFE respectively.

Passenger

The passenger sector became open access at the beginning of 2010, although by 2012 the first operator had not entered the market.

Freight

Spain’s Railway Law 39/2003 enacted on 31 December 2003 and Royal Decree 2387/2004 established the legal basis for the issue by the Ministerio de Fomento of rail operators licences. These take the form of a railway undertaking licence or, in the case of non-operators (such as agents or combined transport operators), a candidate’s licence for infrastructure capacity allocation (non-transferable slots). Once an undertaking licence has been obtained, ADIF is responsible for considering applications for a safety certificate and granting access rights to the state-owned network. Licences have been granted to the following companies:

Acciona Rail Services (www.acciona-railservices.com )

Acciona Rail Services is a subsidiary of the Acciona Group. In January 2007 it became the first private freight operator to run trains in Spain, with a five-year contract to carry imported coal (around 600,000 tonnes annually) between the port of Gijón and La Robla (León). For this service it acquired two Vossloh Series 333.4 diesel locomotives and 32 freight wagons. From 2010 these trains were operated in collaboration with Comsa Rail Transport.

Activa Rail SA (www.transfesa.es )

Activa Rail is the rail traction subsidiary of Transfesa Group. Since 2011 it has been the operator of former Euro Cargo Rail España (ECR) services in Spain. A subsidiary of DB Schenker, ECR became the first foreign private freight operator to operate in Spain (between Barcelona and Zaragoza) at the end of 2008. In November 2009 it began a Silla (Valencia) to Dagenham, UK, service. Five Euro 4000 diesel locomotives are leased from Alpha Trains.

Arcelormittal Siderail SA (www.arcelormittal.com )

Arcelormittal Siderail is part of the Arcelor Mittal Group, the interests of which include the steelworks at Trasona and Veriña (Asturias) and the associated rail systems. It has a licence to operate across the ADIF network.

Comsa Rail Transport, part of the Comsa Emte Group, was the first private operator to be licensed in 2005. In addition to domestic operations in Spain it has set up Ibercargo Rail in collaboration with Portuguese operator Takargo (see Section 8) and collaborates also with FGC (see Section 4). In 2009, in collaboration with Ferrer Forwarders SA, it formed Rail Express Port to operate an intermodal service twice weekly between the Port of Barcelona and Entroncamento (Portugal).

Its subsidiary Servicios Integrales Ferroviarios (SIF) provides container handling and shunting services at freight terminals across Spain. SIF’s customers include FGC, Ford, RENFE Operadora and SEAT. Around 160 people are employed. Rolling stock comprises 24 diesel locomotives (including three Vossloh Euro 4000) and three Bombardier F140 electric locomotives for main line operation) and around 300 wagons.

Continental Rail SA (www.continentalrail.es )

Part of ACS Group, Continental Rail operates container services between the Port of Valencia and Madrid, Valladolid and León. At the end of 2009 its safety certificate was amended to permit it to operate more widely across northern Spain and the Mediterranean corridor. It also operates infrastructure services in support of high-speed line construction projects and manages logistics operations at the Port of Gijón (Asturias). It operates two Series 333.4 and four Vossloh Euro 4000 diesel locomotives along with an infrastructure fleet.

ET/FV (www.euskotren.es )

Basque railway operator (see Section 4).

Ferrocarriles de Suroeste SA

Fesur was formed by Alfonso Gallardo Group and GEA21 Group. Nine Bitrac Series 601 hybrid locomotives were supplied by CAF but due to the economic downturn were stored and available for hire in 2012.

Guinovart Rail SA

A member of the OHL Group, Guinovart Rail was granted a freight operating licence in 2011 with a view to starting operations in 2012.

Logibérica Rail SA

Logibérica Rail was granted a freight operating licence in 2011 with a view to starting operations in 2012.

Logitren Ferroviaria SA

A consortium of FGV, Torrescámara and Vía y Construcciones Group, Logitren began operations in 2010. By 2012 it was serving destinations including Barcelona, Bilbao and Valladolid from its base in Valencia. Two Vossloh Euro 4000 diesel locomotives were leased from Alpha Trains along with container flat wagons leased from RENFE.

RENFE Operadora (www.renfe.com )

The state operator (see Section 3).

Tracción Rail SA (www.azvi.es)

A subsidiary of Azvi Group SA, it began operations in 2008 carrying bio-diesel between Huelva and Valdetorres. Specialising in transporting perishable and hazardous cargo, its licence was extended in 2009 to permit operation throughout the ADIF network. It operates two Series 333.4 diesel locomotives.

The following communities and cities have light rail, tram or metro systems in operation, under construction or active consideration:

Andalucía

Regional government

Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes, Junta de Andalucia

Ferrocarriles de la Junta de Andalucia is the local government agency with responsibility for promoting the construction of rail and light rail projects in Andalucia.

Alcala de Guadaira

A 12 km tramway comprising three lines and a connection with Line 1 of the Sevilla Metro at Pablo de Olavide is planned.

Aljarafe

A tramway linking Coria with Valencina de la Concepción is planned to form a 28 km extension of Line 1 of the Sevilla Metro.

Almería

Plans for a tramway were suspended by the local authority in 2011 on financial grounds.

Bahía de Cádiz

Seven tram-trains will operate over the new line between Chiclana and San Fernando (13.7 km) and continue over the existing ADIF track between San Fernando and Cádiz (10.3 km). The trams were built at CAF’s factory at Irún (Guipuzcoa) at a cost of EUR43.3 million and can operate on 1,668 mm gauge track at 750V or 3kV DC. The first unit underwent trials on the ADIF system in Guipuzcoa in April 2012. The second phase of tramway construction would provide a new line to connect the ADIF stations at Estadio and Universidad Puerto Real, from where tram-trains would continue over the existing ADIF track to El Puerto de Santa María, Jerez de la Frontera and Jerez airport. Total cost of the project was put at EUR34.7 million.

Granada (http://www.metropolitanogranada.com/ )

This 15.96 km tramway, scheduled for completion in late 2013, will provide 26 halts linking Jacobo Camarero in the district of Albolote to the north of Granada, with Poniente in the southwestern suburb of Armilla. Services will be provided by 13 five-car trams. Journey time

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 30 is expected to be 45 minutes. The EUR502 million project is being managed by the Junta de Andalucía and the local councils served by the new line. Around 12 million passenger journeys annually are anticipated.

Jaén

Construction of a 4.7 km tramway with ten halts costed at EUR75.5 million (excluding trams) was completed in April 2011. Commissioning trials were suspended due to a dispute between the Junta de Andalucía and the local authority. Further trials commenced in June 2012. Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) has been consulted about the possibility of operating public services for a 12 month period. The line is equipped with five Alstom Citadis trams.

Jerez de la Frontera

A three-line tramway is proposed, with infrastructure costs being met by the regional government and the cost of the trams, signalling and security features being met by the city council.

Málaga (www.metrodemalaga.info )

Line 1 will operate from La Malagueta station to Colegios Mayores station, a distance of 9.8 km with 12 intermediate stations including an interchange with RENFE’s AVE and suburban services at María Zambrano (RENFE). Line 2 will diverge from Line 1 between RENFE and La Unión and run 3.8 km to serve a further six stations terminating at Martín Carpena sports stadium. Services are expected to begin on both lines in 2013. A third line is planned from La Malagueta in the direction of El Palo and the regional government is considering proposals for a further four. Services will be operated by a fleet of 14 Urbos trams built by CAF at a cost of EUR41 million.

Sevilla (www.metrodesevilla.es )

In 2003 Metro de Sevilla was awarded a 35-year concession by the regional government to build and operate four lines. The existing Line 1 of the Metro de Sevilla is an 18 km double- track 1,435 mm gauge electrified line running underground for 60 per cent of its length. The planned Line 2 (12.9 km) and Line 3 (11.6 km) will provide east-west and north-south links respectively. Line 4 (16 km) will be a circular line providing connections to the rest of the Metro. Around 12 million passenger journeys are made annually (2.75 million from 1 July - 30 September 2011).

The 2.2 km T1 tramway operated by bus operator Tussam serves five halts between San Bernardo and Plaza Nueva. Services are provided by CAF built Urbos 3 units which operate in battery mode through the historic centre between Archivo de Indias and Plaza Nueva.

Vélez – Torre del Mar (Málaga )

The local authority announced that services over the 4.6 km tramway were to be suspended in June 2012 and replaced by buses. The aim was to achieve an annual saving of EUR1.7

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 31 million. The line was opened in 2009 and operated on a 25-year concession by Travelsa (an ALSA owned company). A 1.3 km extension was completed but not commissioned. Investment in the project including three trams amounted to around EUR40 million.

Aragón

Zaragoza

The first 6.4 km section of the Zaragoza tramway, with 13 halts linking Valdespartera to Gran Vía, opened in April 2011. A 6.4 km extension from Gran Vía to Parquet Goya is under construction and scheduled for completion in 2013. Operator is Traza (a consortium of Acciona, CAF, Concessia, FCC Construcción, Ibercaja and Tuzsa) which holds a 35-year concession. On completion a fleet of 21 Urbos 3 trams supplied by CAF will serve the 25 halts at five-minute intervals, generating an estimated 30 million passenger journeys annually. Total cost of the project was put at EUR400 million. The number of passenger journeys between 19 April and 31 December 2011 was 7.91 million.

Asturias

Tram-train operations are planned by FEVE (see Section 3 ).

Islas Baleares (Balearic Islands)

Palma (Mallorca)

The Palma Metro, which opened in 2007, operates for 8.5 km (underground for around two- thirds of its length) serving nine stations between Plaza de España and the University. Services are provided by six two-car CAF-built units. Some 150 trains run daily, generating around 3 million passenger journeys annually.

A proposed tram-train operation (see Section 4 ) between Manacor and Artà has been deferred due to the economic downturn. Construction started in 2010 and was halted in 2011.

A proposed new tramway named Trambadía would link Palma with Bahía de Palma (18.1 km). The first phase would deliver a 10.8 km double track 1,000 mm gauge line from Palma to Son Sant Joan airport. Total cost of the project sponsored by the government of the Balearic Islands and the Palma city administration is put at around EUR380 million. It remained at a consultation stage in 2012.

Islas Canarias (Canary Islands) (http://www.metrotenerife.com/ )

Santa Cruz

The tram is operated by Metropolitano de Tenerife, a consortium formed by Santa Cruz city council (80 per cent shareholding), Bank of Canarias (six per cent) and private investors.

Mack Brooks Exhibitions Ltd © 2012 32 Total cost of the project was put at around EUR360 million. Services began over a 12.3 km Line 1 in 2007 and were extended in 2009 by completion of the 3.8 km Line 2 to serve La Laguna, providing four additional halts. The line has 25 halts at intervals of around 500 metres and a fleet of 26 Alstom Citadis 302 trams. Further extensions are planned to serve the airport at Los Rodeos, the beaches at Las Teresitas and La Gallega to the southeast. A total of 13.97 million passenger journeys were made in 2011 representing an increase of 0.19 per cent from 2010.

The Tren de Sur is a project for a new 80 km line engineered for 220 km/h operation linking Santa Cruz with the island’s two airports.

Cantabria

Santander

A proposal has been made for an 11.5 km tram line to be operated by FEVE.

Castilla y León

León

A six-line tramway to be operated by FEVE (see Section 3 ) is under construction.

Segovia

A 5 km tramway linking the city centre with Segovia’s new railway station on the Madrid- Valladolid high-speed line is proposed.

Castilla La Mancha

Toledo

A project costed at around EUR140 million which would require private finance would provide an 8.9 km tramway connecting the historic centre of Toledo with the administrative and commercial centres, the railway station and a new transport interchange outside the city.

Catalunya

Barcelona

Regional government

Departamento de Política Territorial y Obras Públicas Generalitat de Catalunya

Two tramways each comprising three lines are in operation. The Trambaix system comprises Lines T1-T3 with a combined length of 15 km and 29 halts. Lines T4-T6 form the Trambesòs, a 14.1 km system serving 27 halts. Services are operated by Alstom Citadis 302 units.

Metro de Barcelona (www.tmb.net )

Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona operates the Barcelona Metro, local and tourist buses and the Montjuïc cable car.

The metro is a 102.6 km network with eight lines serving 141 stations (of which the Funicular de Montjuïc accounts for 0.8 km and two stations). A total of 388.98 million passenger journeys were made on the metro in 2010.

At the end of 2011 TMB employed 8,015 people (3,723 on the metro).

Madrid (www.metromadrid.es )

Madrid

Metro de Madrid comprises 12 underground lines and three Metro Ligero tram lines with a combined length of 287.37 km serving 295 stations. Around 76 per cent of Madrid’s population has a metro station within 600 metres of home. In 2010 a total of 627.09 million passenger journeys were made (649.97 million in 2009). At the start of 2011 7,624 people were employed (7,606 at the start of 2010). Rolling stock comprises 2,369 passenger coaches and seven Alstom Citadis five-car trams.

Metro Ligero Line 1 runs from Pinar de Chamartín to Las Tablas (5.3km) serving seven intermediate halts. Metro Ligero Oeste Line 2 runs from Colonia Jardín to Estación de Aravaca (8.7 km) serving 11 intermediate halts and Line 3 runs from Colonia Jardín to Puerta de Boadilla (13.7 km) serving 14 intermediate halts. In 2012 non-stop services between Ferial de Boadilla and Colonia Jardín on Line 3 were introduced during peak periods. Metro Ligero Oeste services generated around 17.5 million passenger journeys in 2011. Services are operated by Alstom Citadis 302 trams (surplus units have been redeployed to other operators including the Tranvía de Murcia and the Tranvía del Este in Buenos Aires).

Parla (www.viaparla.com )

Tranvía de Parla began operating in 2007 on a 40-year concession granted by the local authority, which had been responsible for promoting the project and financing 82 per cent of the construction. Fifteen halts at 500 km intervals are served by the 8.3 km line which operates Alstom Citadis 302 trams. One station at Parla Centro provides a connection with the RENFE Cercanías line to the centre of Madrid. A total of 5,000,273 passenger journeys were made in 2011, an increase of 3.6 per cent from 2010.

A consortium of FCC and Comsa holds a 40-year concession to build, operate and maintain the Tranvía de Murcia. Services have operated since 2011 over a 17.5 km system serving 24 halts using a fleet of 11 Alstom Citadis 302 trams acquired from the Metro Ligero in Madrid.

The FEVE-operated rail service between Cartagena and Los Nietos is to be converted to tram- train-tram.

País Vasco

Bilbao

ET/FV operates light rail and tramway services (see Section 4).

Metro Bilbao (www.metrobilbao.es )

Metro Bilbao operates a 43.31 route-km 1,000 mm gauge system serving 40 stations (16 surface stations and 24 underground) with 46 electric units over two lines. Lines 1 and 2 run from Basauri to San Inazio, where they diverge to serve Plentzia and Santurtzi respectively. Line 2 is due to be extended from Santurtzi to Kabiezes in 2012. A further three lines are planned. In 2011 a total of 89.61 million passenger journeys were made (88.55 million in 2010).

Vitoria (Gasteiz)

ET/FV operates tramway services (see Section 4).

San Sebastián (Donostia)

Construction of a new station at Altza and 1.04 km of track (0.83 km underground) between Herrera and Altza was due to start in summer 2012 and be completed in 2015. The project costed at EUR34.5 million is funded by the Basque government. It will form part of the Metro Donostialdea (San Sebastián metro), which will provide four new stations in central San Sebastián at Bentaberri-Universidad, Matía-Antiguo, Centro-La Concha and Easo as well as stations at Intxaurrondo, Altza and Riberas de Loiola. The latter station will provide an interchange with RENFE Operadora local services. Around 33 million passenger journeys a year are envisaged when the metro, which will be operated by ET/FV, is operational. Also proposed is a tramway from the EuskoTren station at Irún to San Sebastián airport and the nearby town of Fuenterrabía (Hondarribia).

Valencia

Alicante

Two tram lines are operated by FGV (see Section 4).

Metrovalencia light rail and tramway services are operated by FGV (see Section 4).

7. Government

Ministério da Economia e do Emprego (Ministry of Economy and Employment) ( www.moptc.pt )

Minister : Álvaro Santos Pereira Secretary of State for Public Works, Transport and Communications : Sérgio Silva Monteiro

The ministry is responsible for government policy on transport. The Secretary of State for Public Works, Transport and Communications, who reports to the minister, has direct responsibility for rail policy.

In March 2012 the government confirmed that following a Court of Auditors ruling that the concession to build the Portuguese section of the Lisbon to Madrid high-speed line should be rescinded, the project would be cancelled. Construction had been suspended in June 2011 in response to the economic crisis, along with plans for all high-speed projects. At the same time the government agency responsible for the planning, construction and delivery of high-speed 1,435 mm gauge projects (Rede Ferroviária de Alta Velocidade SA) was abolished.

At the start of 2012 the ministry announced the withdrawal of passenger services along 234 route-km and the closure of a further 368 route-km (including 144 route-km over which services were suspended in 2009). However it indicated that it would continue to support the project to link the ports of Aviero and Sines to the European 1,435mm gauge freight network. A 92 km 1,668 mm gauge mixed traffic line engineered for operation at speeds of up to 200 km/h between Évora and Caia was reported also to be under consideration. This would provide a link to the Spanish high-speed network when services are introduced between Madrid and Badajoz. Initial estimates put the cost of construction at EUR780 million.

Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes Terrestres (Insititute of Mobility and Land Transport) (www.imtt.pt )

The institute coordinates a range of transport regulatory functions on behalf of the government. Its rail regulation remit (which extends to urban and light rail systems) covers operational safety, technical, economic and legal issues and is issuing operator licences and levying of track access charges.

Gauges: 1,668 mm; 1,000 mm

Route length: 2,646 km; 192 km;

Electrification: 1,411 km at 25 kV AC 50 Hz

REFER is Portugal’s rail infrastructure body. Its responsibilities include maintenance and development of existing lines, operations including signalling and train control and opening up the system to private operators. REFER is financed primarily by government subsidy although track access receipts and property leases generate significant income. The 1,668 mm gauge system extends to 2,646 route-km, of which 1,411 route-km is electrified. There is 192 route-km of non-electrified 1,000 mm gauge line over which scheduled services have been withdrawn.

State passenger operator

Comboios de Portugal (Portuguese Railways) (www.cp.pt )

President: José Salomão Coelho Benoliel

CP is the state-owned national operator of railways in Portugal. Urban (Lisboa and Porto); Long-distance and Regional passenger services are operated. Operating losses in 2011 amounted to EUR62 million (compared to EUR76.15 million in 2010). Freight operations are the responsibility of a subsidiary CP Carga SA. CP employed 2,978 people at the start of 2012.

Passenger operations

In 2011 a total of 126.14 million passenger journeys (3.74 billion passenger-km) were made. Compared to 2010 this was a reduction of 5.8 per cent (from 133.93 million) and 5.9 per cent (from 3.98 billion) respectively. Early in 2012 CP announced the withdrawal of passenger services between Torre das Vargens and Marvão (65 km); Beja and Funcheira (62 km); Figueira da Foz and Pampilhosa (51 km); Caldas da Rainha and Figueira da Foz (105 km); Abrantes and Elvas (129 km); and Espinho and Sernada do Vouga and Aviero (97 km). All 1,000 mm gauge passenger services would be withdrawn (the Tua, Corgo and Támega services having been suspended in 2009).

Urban

Lisboa services run over four lines serving Alcântara (the Azambuja line), Cais do Sodré (the Cascais line), Sintra (the Sintra line) and Barreiro (the Sado line). In 2011 a total of 88.30 million passenger journeys (1.36 billion passenger-km) were made. Compared to 2010 this was a reduction of 6.8 per cent (from 94.71 million) and 7.4 per cent (from 1.47 billion) respectively.

The Porto urban service comprises five lines, each named after their destination, serving Aveiro, Braga, Caíde, Guimarães and Leixões. In 2011 a total of 21.09 million passenger journeys (0.63 billion passenger-km) were made. Compared to 2010 this was a reduction of 0.2 per cent (from 21.13 million) and an increase of 2.1 per cent (from 0.62 billion) respectively.

Long-distance

In 2011 a total of 4.86 million passenger journeys (1.24 billion passenger-km) were made. Compared to 2010 this was a reduction of 6.9 per cent (from 5.22 million) and 8.1 per cent (from 1.35 billion) respectively.

In 2011 a total of 11.87 million passenger journeys (0.50 billion passenger-km) were made. Compared to 2010 this was a reduction of 7.7 per cent (from 12.86 million) and 5.4 per cent (from 0.52 billion) respectively.

Rolling stock

At the end of 2011 the fleet comprised 933 units of which 438 units were out of service or available for disposal.

Rolling stock fleet

Diesel locomotives:

Series 1151 built by Soreframe from 1966 Series 1401 mixed traffic built by EE/Soreframe from 1967 Series 1551 freight built by MLW (Canada) from 1973 Series 1901 mixed traffic built by Soreframe from 1981

Electric locomotives:

Series 4701 freight locomotives built by Siemens and EMEF Series 5601 mixed traffic built by Soreframe from 1993

Diesel units:

0351 Series 0451 Series 9501 Series (metre gauge units) 9631 Series (metre gauge units)

Electric units:

2241 Series 2301 Series 2401 Series 3151 Series 3251 Series 3401 Series 3501 Series 4001 Series Alfa Pendular 6-car tilting unit built by Fiat in 1999 9501 Series 9631 Series

CP Carga – Logística e Transportes Ferroviários de Mercadorias SA (www.cpcarga.pt )

CP Carga is Portugal’s state-owned freight operator. It was created in 2009 as a subsidiary of CP to compete in the domestic and international rail freight sector.

In 2010 a total of 9.22 million freight tonnes (2.05 billion tonne-km) was carried.

Fertagus (www.fertagus.pt )

A 30-year concession until 2029 is held by Barraqueiro Transportes, SA, Portugal’s largest bus operator, for a passenger operation over a 54 km 1,668 mm gauge line serving 14 stations between Lisboa Roma-Areeiro station and Setúbal. Around 23 million passenger journeys are made each year. Rolling stock comprises 18 double-deck Series 3501 electric multiple-units.

Open access freight operator

Takargo Rail (www.mota-engil.pt )

Takargo Rail, Portugal’s first open access rail operator, is a subsidiary of Mota-Engil Construction. In collaboration with Comsa Rail Transport it introduced a Lisboa-Madrid Abroñigal intermodal service in March 2009 and a month later received authorisation from the Spanish authorities to operate its own locomotives in Spain. It took delivery of the first of 14 Vossloh Euro 4000 diesel-electric locomotives at the end of 2008 along with 250 container carrying vehicles.

Coimbra (www.metromondego.pt )

Metro do Mondego is a publicly owned company. The Portuguese government is the majority shareholder with 53 per cent, with three local authorities each having a 14 per cent interest. CP and REFER each have a 2.5 per cent stake. The company plans to introduce services on two lines. The Linha da Lousä will serve 20 stations between Coimbra B and Sobral de Ceira. The Linha do Hospital will diverge at Aeminium/LJ Cidadäo to serve nine stations before terminating at Hospital Pediátrico. Linha da Lousä services will be operated by a fleet of up to 22 tram-train units, with a further fleet of up to 20 vehicles being required for the Linha do Hospital.

Lisboa

Lisboa Metro (www.metrolisboa.pt )

Metropolitano de Lisboa is a public company which operates four underground lines (the Blue, Green, Red and Yellow lines) over a 39.6 km system serving 52 stations. The number of passenger journeys in 2010 was 182.78 million, an increase of 3.4 per cent from 2009. Total revenue from ticket sales in 2010 amounted to EUR62.53 million, an increase of 4.3 per cent from 2009. By 2013 construction is scheduled for completion of the Blue Line extension to Reboleira (0.9 km), the Red Line to Portela airport (3.6 km) and Campolide (0.9 km). Total number of stations served will be 57. The rolling stock fleet comprises 225 driving motor vehicles and 113 trailers. At the end of 2010 the number of people employed was 1,672.

Companhia Carris (www.carris.pt )

Founded in Rio de Janeiro in 1872, the company introduced trams in Lisboa in 1901. A 48 km system operates 57 vehicles on five lines along with a tourist-oriented operation comprising three funiculars and one elevator. The company also operates an extensive bus network with a fleet of around 750 vehicles. It employs around 2,800 people and on all its services in 2011 generated 232.76 million passenger journeys (240.6 million in 2010).

Metro Transportes do Sul do Tejo (www.mts.pt )

A light rail system serving 19 stations between Cacilhas on the south bank of the Tagus and the university to the west, providing connections with Fertagus services at Pragal and Corroios to the south. The metro operates a fleet of 24 Siemens Combino Plus trams.

Sistema Automático de Transportes Urbanos de Oeiras

A short light rail line operating in Oeiras west of Lisboa.

Sociedade Metropolitano Ligeiro de Mirandela operates the 4.1 km Mirandela-Carvalhais line using three Series 9501 railcars.

Porto (www.metrodoporto.pt )

The Porto metro is a six-line 67 km system serving 81 stations, 14 of which are underground. The operator is Via Porto, a publicly owned company, with the Portuguese government and the Porto Metropolitan Area the majority shareholders. CP has a 3.33 per cent stake. At the end of 2011 a total of 93 people were employed (100 in 2010). The total number of passenger journeys in 2011 was 55.73 million (53.54 million in 2010). Rolling stock comprises 72 Bombardier Eurotram units and 30 Flexity Swift tram-train vehicles, the first of which was delivered in 2010 following a EUR115 million order placed with Bombardier and Vossloh- Kiepe.