EDITED BY MAIJA AKSELA, JUHA OIKKONEN & JULIA HALONEN
COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI SINCE 2003 New Solutions and Pedagogical Innovations for Teaching from Early Childhood Education to Universities
COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI SINCE 2003 NEW SOLUTIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATIONS FOR TEACHING FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TO UNIVERSITIES
Edited by Maija Aksela, Juha Oikkonen & Julia Halonen Pictures on the cover: Veikko Somerpuro, Maija Aksela, 6R¿H-RNLQHQ Arto Wikla, Emma Karjalainen, Anne Kivistö and Noora Nuutinen
ISBN 978-951-51-4088-3 (pbk.) ISBN 978-951-51-4089-0 (PDF)
8QLJUD¿D2\ Helsinki 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword and compliments ...... 7 1. The Science Education Centre – a Global Impactor and a Pioneer ...... 12 +LVWRU\ ...... 12 1.2 The Administration Model ...... 14 1.3 The Aims and Thematic Focus Areas ...... 15 1.3.1 The Focus Areas ...... 15 :D\VRI([HFXWLRQ ...... 16 2. New Solutions and Pedagogical Innovations through Research and Development ...... 17 7KH2SHUDWLQJ0RGHO ...... 17 1RQIRUPDO/HDUQLQJ(QYLURQPHQWVDV5HVHDUFKDQG'HYHORSPHQW Environments ...... 18 3. National and International Collaboration in Research and Development ...... 20 5HVHDUFKDQG'HYHORSPHQW7RJHWKHU ...... 20 ([DPSOHVRI1DWLRQDO3URMHFWV...... 21 7KH/80$),1/$1''HYHORSPHQW3URJUDP 1HZ,GHDV IRU7HDFKLQJ0DWKHPDWLFV1DWXUDO6FLHQFHVDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ... 22 7KH6WDU73URJUDP±,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\&ROODERUDWLRQ ...... 25 'LVFLSOLQH6SHFL¿F&ROODERUDWLYH3URMHFWRQ Molecular Modelling ...... 28 ([DPSOHVRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO3URMHFWV ...... 29 7KH$FW6+(13URMHFW $0RGHOIRU7HDFKLQJ 6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\/HYHO ...... 30 7KH&20%/$%SURMHFW ,QTXLU\EDVHG6FLHQFH7HDFKLQJ ZLWK0LFURFRPSXWHUEDVHG/DERUDWRU\$FWLYLWLHV ...... 31 7KH'HVLJQVWHP3URMHFW /80$(GXFDWLRQLQ WKH&RQWH[WRI$UW ...... 33 $9LUWXDO3URMHFWRQ6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQLQ2UGHUWR3URPRWH Sustainable Development ...... 33 7KH/,1.63URMHFW 1HZ$SSURDFKHVLQ7HDFKHU7UDLQLQJ ...... 35
3 4. LUMA Labs for Schools as Environments for Learning, Research and Development ...... 36 4.1 General ...... 36 4.2 BioPop – Science Education in Biological and Environmental Sciences ...... 37 )N±6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQLQ3K\VLFV ...... 38 *HRSLVWH±6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQLQ*HRJUDSK\DQG*HRVFLHQFHV ...... 40 &KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQ±6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQLQ&KHPLVWU\ ...... 41 /LQNNL±6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQLQ&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH ...... 44 0DWK/DE6XPPDPXWLNND±6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQLQ Mathematics and Statistics ...... 48 5. New Approaches of Science Education from Early Childhood Education to Universities ...... 51 5.1 General ...... 51 1HZ0RGHOVIRU&ROODERUDWLYH/HDUQLQJLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\/HYHO ...... 55 6FLHQFH$GYHQWXUHV±,QVSLULQJ/HDUQLQJ 2XWVLGHWKH8QLYHUVLW\ ...... 56 /80$/DEVDV/HDUQLQJ(QYLURQPHQWVLQ 8QLYHUVLW\/HYHO7HDFKLQJ ...... 58 6FLHQFH&OXEVDQG&DPSVDV/HDUQLQJ(QYLURQPHQWV ...... 60 1HZ&RXUVHVLQ&RRSHUDWLRQ ...... 61 ([DPSOHVRI&RRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQ8QLYHUVLW\7HDFKLQJDQG Science Education ...... 67 1HZ7UDLQLQJ0RGHOVIRU7HDFKHUV¶/LIHORQJ/HDUQLQJ ...... 70 5.3.1 Formative Assessment in Science Education ...... 71 5.3.2 GeoGebra – Virtual Training ...... 72 $Q,Q6HUYLFH7UDLQLQJ3URMHFWIRU/DQJXDJH7HDFKLQJ ...... 73 7UDLQLQJVRIWKH/80$),1/$1''HYHORSPHQW3URJUDP ...... 74 0ROHFXODU*DVWURQRP\LQ6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ ...... 75 0HDQLQJIXO3HGDJRJLFDO8VHRI7HFKQRORJ\LQ Hands-on Teaching ...... 76 2WKHU7UDLQLQJ3URMHFWV )URP6XPPHU&RXUVHVWR022&V ...... 76 1HZ6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ7UDLQLQJIRU8QLYHUVLW\6WXGHQWV ...... 78 $&RXUVHIRU,QVWUXFWLQJ6FLHQFH&OXEVDQG&DPSV ...... 78 $1HZ&RXUVHRQ6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQZLWK WKH0RGHORI0HUJLQJ(GXFDWLRQ ...... 79
4 6. New Approaches in Science Education for Children and Families ...... 81 2SHUDWLQJ0RGHOV ...... 81 0RGHOVIRU6FLHQFH&OXEV ...... 82 'LVFLSOLQH6SHFL¿F&OXEV ...... 82 ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\6FLHQFH&OXEV ...... 88 0RGHOVIRU6FLHQFH&DPSV ...... 94 0RGHOVIRU6FLHQFH3DUWLHV ...... 97 9LUWXDO2SHUDWLQJ0RGHOV ...... 97 (YHQWVIRU)DPLOLHV...... 100 7. New approaches in science education for youth ...... 102 2SHUDWLQJ0RGHOV ...... 102 0RGHOVIRU6FLHQFH&OXEV ...... 103 6FLHQFH&DPS0RGHOV±1DWLRQDODQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO ...... 104 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH¶V6XPPHU&DPSV IRUWKH 5 6 FOREWORD AND COMPLIMENTS 7KHDLPRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLVWRVWUHQJWKHQWKHVFLHQFHFRPSHWHQFHV$OOEUDQFKHV RIVFLHQFHEHORQJWRWKLVGLYLVLRQ%\)LQODQGDLPVWREHRQHRIWKHOHDGLQJ FRXQWULHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRHQFRXUDJHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWK WR H[SORUH YDULRXV EUDQFKHV RI VFLHQFH ERWK LQ DQG RXWVLGH RI VFKRRO 6FLHQFH HGXFDWLRQLVDOVRDQLPSRUWDQWSDUWRIXQLYHUVLWLHV¶VRFLDOUROH1 The development and VWUHQJWKHQLQJRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLVDFXUUHQWWRSLFDQGLVLPSRUWDQWWRVRFLHW\2 3 4 $WWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLVDSDUWRIVRFLHWDOLQWHUDFWLRQ DVZHOODVUHVHDUFKDQGWHDFKLQJ,WVXSSRUWVWKHXQLYHUVLW\¶VVWUDWHJLFDUHDVRIIRFXV LQDYHUVDWLOHZD\7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHDLPVDWDFWLQJDVDJOREDOLPSDFWRU DQGDSLRQHHUDQGDOVRDSURGXFHURIQHZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQV IURP HDUO\ FKLOGKRRG HGXFDWLRQ WR XQLYHUVLWLHV 2QH LPSRUWDQW DLP RI VFLHQFH education is to promote sustainable development such as climate education, that IROORZVWKHXQLYHUVLW\¶VVWUDWHJ\5HVHDUFKRQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQFUHDWHVDEDVLVIRU WKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGVWUHQJWKHQLQJRIVFLHQFHFRPSHWHQFHV VHHFKDSWHUIRUPRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ 1HZPHDQLQJIXOVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVDUHQHHGHGLQ RUGHUWRVWUHQJWKHQWKHVFLHQFHVNLOOVRI\RXWKDQGHQFRXUDJHWKHPWRZDUGVYDULRXV VFLHQFHVDVWKH\DUHWKHPDNHUVRIWKHIXWXUH+DQGVRQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLVDNH\ WRXQLWLQJGLɣHUHQWJHQHUDWLRQV)DPLO\RSHUDWLRQVKDYHDFHQWUDOUROHLQUHVHDUFK DQGGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWVLQWKHQHDUIXWXUHJoy of insight and success for all! 7KLV ERRN ORRNV DW WKH PDLQ RSHUDWLQJ PRGHOV RI D FROODERUDWLYHDQG LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLVLQFHDQG WKHDVVRFLDWHGUHVHDUFKIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV,WLQWURGXFHV QHZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVWKDWKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGLQWKH&HQWUH¶V RSHUDWLRQVFHQWUDOSXEOLFDWLRQVDQGWKHVHVRQJRLQJSURMHFWVDQGIXWXUHSODQV (VSHFLDOO\H[DPSOHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQhumanities, mathematics and natural sciences DUH GLVSOD\HG DV ZHOO DV H[DPSOHV RI interdisciplinary solutions. 2SHWXVMDNXOWWXXULPLQLVWHUL| 2.0 Suomi tiedekasvatuksessa maailman kärkeen 2020: Ehdotus lasten ja nuorten tiedekasvatuksen kehittämiseksi. Helsinki: opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö. KWWS MXONDLVXWYDOWLRQHXYRVWR¿KDQGOH $KRQHQ33 7LHGHNDVYDWXVRQWlUNHll\KWHLVNXQQDOOH KWWS ZZZDND¿¿WLHW\VWLEORJLWNXXOXPLVLDWLHWHHVWDWLHGHNDVYDWXVRQWDUNHDD\KWHLVNXQQDOOH 3 Aksela, M. (2012). Tiedekasvatus ja sen tulevaisuus. Tieteessä tapahtuu, 30(4), 1–2. KWWSV MRXUQDO¿WWDUWLFOHYLHZ $NVHOD0 /DVWHQMDQXRUWHQWLHWHHVWlLQQRVWXPLQHQYDKYLVWDD6XRPHQK\YllWXOHYDLVXXWWD6XRPHQ $NDWHPLDQ 7LHW\VWL¿EORJLKWWS ZZZDND¿¿WLHW\VWLEORJLWNXXOXPLVLDWLHWHHVWDODVWHQMDQXRUWHQ WLHWHHVWDLQQRVWXPLQHQYDKYLVWDDVXRPHQK\YDDWXOHYDLVXXWWD 7 )RUHZRUGDQGFRPSOLPHQWV 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLVDJOREDOLPSDFWRUWKDWDLPVDWSURPRWLQJDQG VXSSRUWLQJWKHIROORZLQJJRDOVWRJHWKHUZLWKQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOSDUWQHUV DQGZLWKWKHKHOSRILQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGUHVHDUFKEDVHGRSHUDWLRQVRIVFLHQFH education: • Children and youth’s science competences, enthusiasm towards science, and hobby-ism • Everyone’s awareness on the purpose of science and its various fields, its significance and results • Everyone’s scientific literacy or the ability to understand scientific phenomena connected to everyday life, to participate in discussions on current topics and to make decisions both on the personal and societal levels • Teaching and learning of different fields of science/subjects on all levels from early childhood education to universities, and research concerning their teaching and learning • Teacher education that trains encouraging and researching teachers for life-long learning (both pre-service and in-service education) • Personal student recruitment • National and international visibility and cooperation with different cooperation partners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ɣHUHQW¿HOGVRI VFLHQFHDQGWKHLUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVRXWVLGH WKHXQLYHUVLW\&ROODERUDWLYHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRSHUDWLRQVQDWLRQDODQG international cooperation and teacher education have been central characteristics RIWKHRSHUDWLRQVVLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJ+XQGUHGVRISHRSOH UHVHDUFKHUVGRFWRUDO VWXGHQWV DQG VWXGHQWV ± IXWXUH UHVHDUFKHUV DQG WHDFKHUV IURP RXU XQLYHUVLW\¶V GLɣHUHQWIDFXOWLHV KDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQFROODERUDWLRQIURPWKHXQLYHUVLW\ZLWKWKH KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿HQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ KWWSV ZZZOXPD¿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igure 1. The Education and Culture Committee from the Finnish Parliament along with the University Management of the University of Helsinki explored the developed activities of science education, especially new inspiring solutions and pedagogical innovations connected to science education in mathematics. (Pictures: Maija Aksela) 5HVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWDOLJQPHQWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQKHOSVLQGLUHFWLQJWKH RSHUDWLRQV VHHFKDSWHU 7KHSXUSRVHRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\LV WREULQJQHZUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQLQDQLQVSLULQJZD\LQWRWHDFKLQJIURPHDUO\ FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGWREULQJQHZRSHQLQJV,WVYDULRXVQRQ IRUPDOIRUPVRIRSHUDWLRQ VXFKDVVFLHQFH /80$ ODEVIRUVFKRROVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ VHHFKDSWHUIRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ DFWDVLWVFHQWUDOUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW environments. 1HZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVWKDWKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGEDVHGRQ WKHRSHUDWLRQV IRUH[DPSOHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVGLɣHUHQWDSSURDFKHVWHDFKLQJ PDWHULDOVFRXUVHV FDQEHDSSOLHGWRWHDFKLQJRQYDULRXVOHYHOVDOVRLQWKHXQLYHUVLW\ OHYHO1XPHURXVWKHVHV EDFKHORU¶VPDVWHU¶VDQGGRFWRUDO DQGVFLHQWL¿FSXEOLFDWLRQV DUHLQWHJUDWHGLQWRWKHUHVHDUFKEDVHGGHYHORSPHQWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ9HUVDWLOH SUDFWLFDOFRRSHUDWLRQLVSHUIRUPHGDFWLYHO\ZLWKWKH&LW\RI+HOVLQNLDQGLQWKH QHDUE\PXQLFLSDOLWLHVZLWKNLQGHUJDUWHQVZLWKGLɣHUHQWOHYHOVFKRROVOLEUDULHV DQGRWKHUHQYLURQPHQWVIRUVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ VXFKDV6FLHQFH&HQWUH+HXUHND WKH0XVHXPRI7HFKQRORJ\ 7KHSXUSRVHLVWRXVHWKHVHQHZRSHQLQJVEURDGO\LQ GLɣHUHQWIRUXPV 9 )RUHZRUGDQGFRPSOLPHQWV 7KHVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRSHUDWLRQVIRFXVRQUHVHDUFKDVZHOODVGHYHORSLQJXQLYHUVLW\ HGXFDWLRQ0DQ\QHZDQGGHYHORSHGVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVDUHD SDUWRIHGXFDWLRQIRUIXWXUHUHVHDUFKHUVDQGWHDFKHUV VHHFKDSWHU ,QWKHWUDLQLQJ RIIXWXUHDQGLQVHUYLFHWHDFKHUVGLɣHUHQWIRUPVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ IRUH[DPSOH LQVWUXFWLQJLQDVFLHQFHODEIRUVFKRROVVFLHQFHFOXEVVFLHQFHDGYHQWXUHVVFLHQFH FDPSVDQGVFLHQFHELUWKGD\V DFWDVLQVSLULQJZD\VWRFDUU\RXWWUDLQLQJ1HZ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\FRXUVHVDUHGHYHORSHGLQWRWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ±DOVRQHZNLQGVRI IRUPVLQZKLFKIXWXUHWHDFKHUVDQGVFKRROWHDFKHUVVWXG\WRJHWKHU2WKHURSHUDWRUV LQWKHZRUNLQJOLIHRULQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQFDQEHDSDUWRIWKHP'HYHORSPHQW FDQEHFDUULHGRXWDOVRLQGLɣHUHQWOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV HJLQOLEUDULHVRUVFLHQFH FHQWUHV 9LUWXDOLQWHUDFWLYH022&FRXUVHVDUHXVHGHYHQPRUHDVHGXFDWLRQDQG LQWHUDFWLRQIRUXPVIRUIXWXUHWHDFKHUVWHDFKHUVWHDFKLQJRQGLɣHUHQWOHYHOVDQG WHDFKHUHGXFDWRUVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ We would like to thankWKH8QLYHUVLW\0DQDJHPHQWDQGLWVGLɣHUHQWIDFXOWLHV DQGGLUHFWRUVRIXQLWVDQGRWKHUDGPLQLVWUDWLRQVfor our successful cooperation. :HDOVRWKDQNPHPEHUVRIH[HFXWLYHERDUGVDQGVWHHULQJJURXSVGLUHFWRUVDQG FRRUGLQDWRUV RI WKH SUHYLRXV UHVRXUFH FHQWUHV WKH &HQWUH¶V FRRUGLQDWRUV ± WKH ³KHDUWV´ RI WKH RSHUDWLRQV VSRQVRUV DV ZHOO DV DOO QDWLRQDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO cooperation partners. A warm thank you WRWKHSHRSOHZKRKDYHEHHQDSDUWRI PDNLQJWKLVERRNWRJHWKHU VHH$SSHQGL[IRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ $VRXUPRWWR states, together we are more! 6FLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ QHHGV UHVRXUFHV WR EH DEOH WR GHYHORS :H NLQGO\ DFFHSW donations to our Science Education Fund7ERWKIURP)LQODQGDQGDEURDGLQ RUGHUWRHQDEOHQHZRSHQLQJV 7RJHWKHUWRZDUGVDJUHDWIXWXUH ,Q+HOVLQNLRQ9DOHQWLQH¶V'D\)HEUXDU\ 3URI0DLMD$NVHOD 3URI-XKD2LNNRQHQ 06F-XOLD+DORQHQ director vice director general coordinator KWWSV K\\KWHLVW\RVHFXUHIRUFHFRPKHOVLQNL'RQDWLRQ3DJH 10 Figure 2. The light that shines in the middle of the LUMA-flower represents children and youths’ joy of insight and success, the different colored petals represent the different fields of science, different levels and communality. The motto is: Together we are more! 11 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH±DJOREDOLPSDFWRUDQGDSLRQHHU 1. THE SCIENCE EDUCATION CENTRE –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¶VIXQFWLRQV VHHFKDSWHUIRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ 1.1 History 6FLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ DQG LWV UHVHDUFK KDYH EHHQ FDUULHG RXW V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ DQG FRPPXQDOO\DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLVLQFH7KH\EHORQJWRWKHXQLYHUVLW\¶V VKDUHGRSHUDWLRQVDFWDVDSLRQHHUIRUVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQWKHIXWXUHDQGDOVR VXSSRUWVFXUUHQWFXUULFXODRQGLɣHUHQWOHYHOVDQGFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKV¶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±WKH)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFH)DFXOW\RI%LRORJLFDODQG(QYLURQPHQWDO 6FLHQFHV)DFXOW\RI$UWVDQG)DFXOW\RI(GXFDWLRQDO6FLHQFHVSDUWLFLSDWHGDFWLYHO\LQ FROODERUDWLRQ,Q$SSHQGL[HVDQG\RXFDQ¿QGLQIRUPDWLRQRQFHQWUDORSHUDWRUV sponsors and cooperation partners. 6LQFH WKH QDWLRQDO /80$ &HQWUH DFWHG DV DQ XPEUHOOD RUJDQL]DWLRQ OHGE\WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLQRUGHUWRGLUHFWFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQVFKRROV 12 universities and the private sector8 97KHFHQWUDORSHUDWRUVEHIRUHWKHSUHVHQW6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHFRQVLVWHGRIUHVRXUFHFHQWUHVVSUHDGDURXQGWKHXQLYHUVLW\ %LR323 LQWKH9LLNNLFDPSXV )N LQWKH.XPSXODFDPSXV *HRSLVWH .XPSXOD FDPSXV .HPPD .XPSXODFDPSXV /LQNNL .XPSXODFDPSXV /XP2 LQWKH &LW\&HQWUHFDPSXV DQG6XPPDPXWLNND .XPSXODFDPSXV )RUH[DPSOHDWWKH 'HSDUWPHQWRI7HDFKHU(GXFDWLRQ FXUUHQWO\)DFXOW\RI(GXFDWLRQ WKHGHYHORSPHQW DQGRSHUDWLRQVFRQWHQWVRIWKH/XP2&HQWUHZHUHIRFXVHGRQJUDGHV±%HIRUH HVWDEOLVKLQJWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHG/80$&HQWUHGLɣHUHQWIDFXOWLHVDQGGHSDUWPHQWV KDGYDULRXVPHULWRULRXVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQPRGHOV$WWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHRSHUDWLRQV WKHEHVWPRGHOVZHUHFROOHFWHGWRJHWKHU 9LKPD/ $NVHOD0 ,QVSLUDWLRQ-R\DQG6XSSRUWRI67(0IRU&KLOGUHQ 13 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH±DJOREDOLPSDFWRUDQGDSLRQHHU 7KH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQG GHYHORSPHQW RI VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ LV FDUULHG RXW LQGHSHQGHQWO\LQHDFK¿HOGRIVFLHQFHDVZHOODVLQDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ZD\7KH H[HFXWLYHERDUGLVGLUHFWHGE\WKH'HDQRIWKH)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFHDQGWKHH[HFXWLYH ERDUGFRQVLVWVRIPHPEHUVIURPHDFKIDFXOW\WKDWSDUWLFLSDWHVZLWKWKH&HQWUH,Q WKH&HQWUH¶VVWHHULQJJURXSLQDGGLWLRQWRWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\ WKHUHLVDQXPEHURIFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV7KHFRRUGLQDWRUVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ DUHVSHFLDOLVWVLQWKHLU¿HOGRIVFLHQFHDQGWKH\DFWDVLQVWUXFWRUV HJRIVWXGHQWV LQ FDUU\LQJ RXW RSHUDWLRQV DQG WKH\ ZRUN XQGHU WKH GLUHFWRU DQG WKH JHQHUDO FRRUGLQDWRU)RUWKHWLPHEHLQJWKHGLUHFWRURI6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHLVDOVR WKHGLUHFWRURI/80$&HQWUH)LQODQG VLQFHLWVHVWDEOLVKPHQWLQ 1.2 The Administration Model 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHXQLWHVWKHFHQWUDOSHUVRQVIURPHDFK¿HOGRIVFLHQFH DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KHFXUUHQWVWUXFWXUHRIWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQKDVEHHQ GHVFULEHGLQWKH¿JXUHEHORZ Figure 3. The administration model of the Science Education Centre since 2017. University Services helps in supporting the administration and the communication of science education. $WWKHPRPHQWWKHUHDUHHLJKWVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQFRRUGLQDWRUVIURPIRXUIDFXOWLHV VHHWKHQDPHVRIWKHFRRUGLQDWRUVLQ$SSHQGL[ RQHIURPWKH)DFXOW\RI%LRORJLFDO DQG(QYLURQPHQWDO6FLHQFHVRQHIURPWKH)DFXOW\RI$UWV DXQLYHUVLW\WHDFKHURI VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ RQHIURPWKH)DFXOW\RI(GXFDWLRQDO6FLHQFHVDQG¿YHIURP WKH)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFHIURPZKLFKRQHLVIURPWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI3K\VLFVRQH IURPWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI*HRVFLHQFHVDQG*HRJUDSK\RQHIURPWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI 14 &KHPLVWU\RQHIURPWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI0DWKHPDWLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFVDQGRQHIURP WKH'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH$VDWHDPWKH\FDUU\RXWWKHVWUDWHJ\ZLWK WKH&HQWUH¶VGLUHFWRUDQGWKHJHQHUDOFRRUGLQDWRU8VXDOO\WKHFRRUGLQDWRUVVSHQG DURXQGRIWKHLUZRUNLQJKRXUVZLWKVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDQGLWVUHVHDUFK0RVW FRRUGLQDWRUVDUHGRFWRUDOVWXGHQWVDQGWKH\FDUU\RXWUHVHDUFKRQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ 1.3 The Aims and Thematic Focus Areas 7KURXJKGLYHUVL¿HGRSHUDWLRQVWKDWDLPWRLQVSLUHFKLOGUHQ\RXWKDQGWKHLUIDPLOLHV WRZDUGVOHDUQLQJVFLHQFHWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLFRRSHUDWHVZLWKDQXPEHURI QDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOSDUWQHUV,WUHVHDUFKHVDQGGHYHORSVQHZSHGDJRJLFDO VROXWLRQVDQGWUDLQVERWKIXWXUHDQGLQVHUYLFHWHDFKHUVRIDOOOHYHOVIRUOLIHORQJ OHDUQLQJLQH[SORLWLQJWKHPLQDOONLQGVRIWHDFKLQJ 1.3.1 The Focus Areas ,QWKHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWDQGWKHLUDVVRFLDWHGRSHUDWLRQVWKHIROORZLQJ WRSLFVDUHWKHIRFXVDUHDVRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGIDFXOWLHVLQWKHVWUDWHJ\SHULRGIURP ±DQGDVZHOOWKHWKHPHVRIWKH6WDU7RSHUDWLRQV • Digitalization (including data science; language technology; programming; robotics; technology around us) • Globalization & sustainable development (including atmospheric sciences; urban studies; nature and the environment; mathematics around us) • Matter and materials (including space research; materials research; nanoscience; stars and space) • Sciences of life & aging and welfare (including well-being and health) • The human mind in a changing world (including humane growth and development; home, culture, internationality; cultural and linguistic diversity; past, present and future) 15 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH±DJOREDOLPSDFWRUDQGDSLRQHHU 1.3.2 Ways of Execution 7KHIROORZLQJWRSLFVDUHJRLQJWREHUHVHDUFKHGDQGGHYHORSHGLQWKHVWUDWHJLFSHULRG RI±LQWKHRSHUDWLRQVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ • Education that looks at phenomena as entities, and that integrates different fields (also fields of technology and arts) • Pedagogically relevant exploitation using of modern technology • Research-based and hands-on learning of sciences originates from the nature of a scientific process • Taking into account the most novel innovations in science Figure 4. The purpose of science education is to inspire a passion for the sciences with the help of research and development operations produced in the Centre. (Picture: Sofie Jokinen) 16 2. NEW SOLUTIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATIONS THROUGH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 7KLV FKDSWHU ORRNV DW WKH FXUUHQW RSHUDWLQJ PRGHO DQG DOLJQPHQWV RI VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KHRSHUDWLRQVDUHFRQQHFWHGWRDOOIXQFWLRQV RIWKHXQLYHUVLW\ UHVHDUFKWHDFKLQJDQGVRFLHWDOLQWHUDFWLRQ7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ &HQWUHDLPVDWDFWLQJDVDJOREDOLPSDFWRUDQGDSLRQHHU,WSURGXFHVQHZVROXWLRQV DQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHVboth LQDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGDGLVFLSOLQHVSHFL¿FZD\ The aims are described LQPRUHGHWDLOLQWKHIRUHZRUGVHFWLRQ 2.1 The Operating Model 7KH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ &HQWUH DFWV LQ WKH XQLYHUVLW\¶V RUJDQL]DWLRQ DV D KLJK JUDGHVSHFLDOLVW&HQWUHWKDWVHUYHVDQGFRRUGLQDWHVLQFDUU\LQJRXWUHVHDUFKDQG GHYHORSPHQWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ7KHH[HFXWLYHERDUGRIWKH&HQWUHKDVYHUL¿HGWKH DOLJQPHQWVRIWKHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRSHUDWLRQVLQ+HUHDOOSODQQLQJ DQGH[HFXWLRQWDNHVSODFHERWKLQWKHVKRUWDQGORQJUXQ 1HZ VROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV VXFK DV QRYHO DQG PHDQLQJIXO learning environments, methods and teaching materials etc.) are developed on the EDVLVRIUHVHDUFKLQYDULRXVQRQIRUPDOOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV7KHVHLQQRYDWLRQV DUHVSUHDGRXWWKURXJKFROODERUDWLRQZLWKRWKHUFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVIRUH[DPSOH E\WUDLQLQJIXWXUHDQGLQVHUYLFHWHDFKHUVDQGE\SXEOLVKLQJLQGLɣHUHQWPHGLD 'HYHORSHGVROXWLRQVFDQEHDSSOLHGWRIRUPDOHGXFDWLRQDQGOHDUQLQJLQGLɣHUHQW school levels. 17 1HZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVWKURXJKUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW Figure 5. The development and research operations of science education create new solutions and pedagogical innovations for the Finnish society to use, but they can also be spread around globally with the help of educational exporting. %\LWVQDWXUHWKH&HQWUHLVDFRPPXQDORUJDQL]DWLRQIRUUHVHDUFKGHYHORSPHQW DQGH[SHUWV,WVSXUSRVHLVWRVKDUHDOORILWVRXWSXWZLWKLWVPHPEHUVDQGE\GRLQJ this it strengthens the science competences. 2.2 Non-formal Learning Environments as Research and Development Environments 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH XQLYHUVLW\¶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ɣHUHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGDVVRFLDWLRQV $WWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVWKHUHDUHVWXGLHVSHUIRUPHGIRFXVLQJRQFKLOGUHQ \RXWKDQGWKHLUSDUHQWV LQFOXGLQJWKHLUVFLHQFHFRPSHWHQFHV RQVWXGHQWVVWXG\LQJ to be teachers or in-service teachers and instructors (their learning, training or KRZWKH\DFWLQOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV DQGRQFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQGLɣHUHQW SDUWLFLSDQWV%DVHGRQWKLVUHVHDUFKQHZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQV IURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHVDUHEHLQJFUHDWHG VHH)LJXUH 18 )RUPVRIRSHUDWLRQVWKDWKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGXSXQWLOQRZDUHEHLQJLQWURGXFHG in chapters 3–8. 6HYHUDO GLɣHUHQW UHVHDUFK PHWKRGV DUH XVHG LQ GHYHORSPHQW HVSHFLDOO\ WKH LWHUDWLYHPHWKRGDQDO\VLVRIGHVLJQEDVHGUHVHDUFK '%5 VHH¿JXUH 'HVLJQ EDVHG UHVHDUFK SURGXFHV QRW RQO\ QHZ WKHRUHWLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG VFLHQWL¿F SXEOLFDWLRQVEXWDOVRQHZDQGXVHIXOVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVVXFK DVOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVPHWKRGVRUWHDFKLQJPDWHULDOZKLFKVXSSRUWWKH&HQWUH¶V LGHDRIPDLQDFWLYLW\%DVHGRQWKHUHFHLYHG¿QGLQJVLWLVSRVVLEOHWRGHYHORSSUHYLRXV DQGQHZIRUPVRIRSHUDWLRQ$OVRIRUPDOVFKRROHGXFDWLRQUHVHDUFKDQGWHDFKHU HGXFDWLRQUHVHDUFKRUGHYHORSPHQWVXJJHVWLRQVIURPWKHFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVDUH taken into consideration in science education and in its research. Figure 6. Design-based research is one of science education research methods. Numerous studies are conducted mainly in the form of different level theses (e.g. masters or doctoral level). For example, an ongoing design-based research is taking place on the subject of significant science education in mathematics and programming (Pulmaario project). Newly developed solutions and pedagogical innovations are applied to university teaching and its teacher education as well as in the operations of cooperation partners such as science centres. The theoretical information learned from the research is used to make scientific publications. Pedagogical innovations have led to cooperation with companies, and educational exporting. 19 National and international collaboration in research and development 3. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHFRRSHUDWHVZLWKQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOSDUWQHUV DQGDLPVDWUHDFKLQJWKHDVVLJQHGJRDOVWRJHWKHU7KHPRWWRRI WKHRSHUDWLRQV LV³Together we are more´7KURXJKWKLVFROODERUDWLRQLWLVSRVVLEOHWROHDUQ IURPHDFKRWKHUDQGWRJHWKHUDVWURQJHULPSDFWFDQEHPDGH7KLVFKDSWHUORRNVDW SULQFLSOHVRIUHVHDUFKFRQQHFWHGWRVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDQGJLYHVH[DPSOHVRIDFRXSOH RIVLJQL¿FDQWQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOSURMHFWVLQZKLFKZHKDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGRU DUHSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQPRPHQWDULO\ 3.1 Research and Development Together 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHJDWKHUVDURXQGSHRSOHZKRFDUU\RXWUHVHDUFKDQG GHYHORSPHQWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KHGLUHFWRURIWKH &HQWUHLVLQFKDUJHRIGLUHFWLQJWKHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRSHUDWLRQVDFFRUGLQJ WRWKHDOLJQPHQWVYHUL¿HGE\WKHH[HFXWLYHERDUG3URIHVVRUVXQLYHUVLW\OHFWXUHUV DQGUHVHDUFKGRFWRUDWHVZKRDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRIYDULRXV¿HOGVRI VFLHQFHSDUWLFLSDWHLQSODQQLQJUHVHDUFKDQGWKHVHVH[HFXWLQJWKHPDQGLQVWUXFWLQJ WKHPWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHGLUHFWRU6FLHQWL¿FSXEOLFDWLRQVDUHFRPSULVHGRIUHVHDUFK WRJHWKHU1XPHURXV3URIHVVRUVXQLYHUVLW\OHFWXUHUVDQGUHVHDUFKGRFWRUDWHVDUH DOVRPHPEHUVRIWKH&HQWUH¶VVWHHULQJJURXS VHHDSSHQGL[ 5HVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWLVRIWHQFDUULHGRXWLQQDWLRQDODQGRULQWHUQDWLRQDO SURMHFWV VHHFKDSWHUVDQG 2QHRIWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV LV/80$&KLQD&HQWHULQ%HLMLQJ1RUPDO8QLYHUVLW\5HVHDUFKHUVDQGGRFWRUDO VWXGHQWVDFWLYHO\WDNHSDUWLQQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQIHUHQFHV HJ/80$7 V\PSRVLXP ,QWHUQDWLRQDOUHVHDUFKFRRSHUDWLRQLVEHLQJVWUHQJWKHQHGE\YLVLWLQJ GLɣHUHQWXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGVFLHQFHFHQWUHVDEURDGDQGE\KRVWLQJYLVLWVRIIRUHLJQ UHVHDUFKHUVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL2YHUWKH\HDUVDURXQGIRUHLJQ YLVLWRUVKDYHYLVLWHGRXU&HQWUHIURP$XVWUDOLD&KLQD'HQPDUN(VWRQLD*HUPDQ\ *UHHFH-DSDQWKH1HWKHUODQGV1RUZD\3RUWXJDO5XVVLD6LQJDSRUH6ORYHQLD 6RXWK.RUHD6ZHGHQ7XUNH\WKH8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHVDQGIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV 20 Figure 7. Cooperation is carried out with a number of national partners. Long-term cooperation has occurred with the Development Centre Opinkirjo and TEK (Academic Engineers and Architects in Finland) in Finland’s oldest science competition Tutki-Kokeile-Kehitä13 (“research – test – develop”) in the organizing of the competition, communications and judging. The Centre has arranged numerous competition events at the University of Helsinki. (Picture: The University of Helsinki Science Education Centre) 3.2 Examples of National Projects 1DWLRQDO FRRSHUDWLRQ RI WKH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ &HQWUH LV H[HFXWHG WKURXJK WKH /80$&HQWUH)LQODQGZKLFKLVDQHWZRUNRIWKHUHJLRQDO/80$&HQWUHVWKDW DUHRSHUDWHGE\)LQQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHV14 Some Finnish applied universities also RSHUDWHZLWKLQWKHUHJLRQDOFHQWUHV'XULQJWKH\HDUVDQDWLRQDOWDVNWKDW KDVEHHQODLGGRZQE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG&XOWXUHZLOOEHFDUULHGRXW WRJHWKHU,WFRQVLVWVRIVL[VHFWLRQVWKDWLQFOXGH 13 KWWSV WXNRNHWHN¿ 14 KWWS ZZZOXPD¿HQ 21 National and international collaboration in research and development • international cooperation is being promoted and another aim is to increase national funding of operations • inspiring activities on science education and online courses that are being developed together, are offered to children and youth, these support e.g. student recruiting on the university level • conducting research connected to the operations that brings more information in order to develop the functions, and to increase interests in different fields and to produce new solutions and pedagogical innovations • teachers’ professional skills are being developed and supported, so that they would form a continuum from teacher’s basic education, and onwards • phenomenon-based teaching and interdisciplinary learning that are underlined in the National Core Curriculum should be supported and developed through the national and international StarT operating model since early childhood education, and to inspire children and youth towards studying science through new approaches • science and technology classroom (LUMA labs for schools) operations should be developed and strengthened all over Finland ,QWKHIROORZLQJSDUWDFRXSOHRILQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\FROODERUDWLYHSURMHFWVDUHJLYHQ DVH[DPSOHVRIQDWLRQDORSHUDWLRQV WKH/80$),1/$1'GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDP FKDSWHU DQGWKHFROODERUDWLYH6WDU7SURJUDP FKDSWHU DQGDQH[DPSOH RIDGLVFLSOLQHVSHFL¿FQDWLRQDOSURMHFW OXNX 5HVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWDUH DFUXFLDOSDUWRIWKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGSURMHFWV 3.2.1 The LUMA FINLAND Development Program: New Ideas for Teaching Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Technology 7KH/80$),1/$1'GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDP15 ± KDVEHHQIXQGHGE\WKH 0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG&XOWXUHDVDQDWLRQDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWFROODERUDWLYHSURMHFW 7KHUHDQXPEHURIQHZSHGDJRJLFDOVROXWLRQVDQGLQQRYDWLRQVDUHSURGXFHGIRU WHDFKLQJIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRGLɣHUHQWOHYHOVRISULPDU\HGXFDWLRQ $WWKHPRPHQWWKHUHLVRQJRLQJLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJIRUWHDFKHUVLQWKHPGXULQJ ± ,WLVIUHHRIFRVWWRWKHWHDFKHUV$VWHHULQJJURXSGLUHFWHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\ RI(GXFDWLRQDQG&XOWXUHPRQLWRUVDQGLQVWUXFWVWKHSURJUDP7KHGLUHFWRURIWKH SURJUDP3URIHVVRU0DLMD$NVHODDQG&RRUGLQDWRU6DDUD/HKWRDUHPHPEHUVRIWKH VWHHULQJJURXSRQEHKDOIRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHSURJUDPWKDWLVEHLQJLPSOHPHQWHGE\WKH/80$&HQWUH )LQODQG QHWZRUN LV WR LQFUHDVH ±\HDUROG VWXGHQWV¶ LQWHUHVW LQ VWXG\LQJ 15 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿ 22 mathematics and natural sciences, to encourage students to choose courses on these VXEMHFWVLQXSSHUVHFRQGDU\VFKRRODQGLQYRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQDQGWRLQFUHDVHWKH VNLOOVLQVFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\LQRUGHUWRLQFUHDVHWKHQXPEHURIVNLOOHGSHUVRQVLQ WKHVH¿HOGV7KHSURJUDPEULQJVQHZPHWKRGVLQWRWHDFKLQJWKDWDUHEDVHGRQPRVW QRYHOUHVHDUFKDQGWKDWKDYHEHHQWHVWHGDQGGHVLJQHGZLWKWKHKHOSRIWHDFKHUV7KH ZRUNLQVFKRROVLVVXSSRUWHGE\SURGXFLQJOHDUQLQJPDWHULDOVWKDWFDQEHXVHGIUHHO\ DQGE\WUDLQLQJWHDFKHUVRQXVLQJGLɣHUHQWDSSURDFKHVHQYLURQPHQWVDQGPDWHULDO A bilingual program supports teachers in using the national core curriculum that ZDVFRPSOHWHGLQ LQWKHIRUPRIVXSSRUWPDWHULDODQGWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQV 7KLVLVEDVHGRQQHZUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQRQQHZOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVRQOLQH OHDUQLQJPDWHULDOVDQGZD\VRIOHDUQLQJ 'HYHORSPHQWKDVRFFXUUHGLQSURMHFWVDOORYHU)LQODQGLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK VFKRROVRUNLQGHUJDUWHQVDQGWHDFKHUVDVZHOODVRWKHUSDUWQHUV7KHSURGXFHG PDWHULDOKDVEHHQSXEOLVKHGIRUHYHU\RQHWRXVHWKHPDWHULDOLVSDUWO\LQ)LQQLVKDQG SDUWO\LQ6ZHGLVK,QRUGHUWRVXSSRUWWKHXVDJHRIPDWHULDODQGGHYHORSHGRSHUDWLQJ PRGHOVIUHHWUDLQLQJKDVEHHQRɣHUHGWRWHDFKHUVVLQFH7KHWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQV WKDWUXQWLOOWKHHQGRI LQFOXGLQJYLUWXDO022&FRXUVHV FDQEHIRXQGIURP WKHSURJUDP¶VZHEVLWH$QHWZRUNRI/80$FRQWDFWSHUVRQVIURPPXQLFLSDOLWLHV all over Finland has been built in the program. ,QWKHSURJUDPWKHUHDUHDQXPEHURIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWVLQ GLɣHUHQWXQLYHUVLWLHV7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLVDSDUWRIWKLVSURJUDPZLWKHLJKW GLɣHUHQWSURMHFWV \RXFDQ¿QGPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQHDFKRIWKHSURMHFWVIURPWKHLU ZHEVLWHVDVZHOODVPDWHULDOIRUWHDFKLQJ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1. A Good Question!16 2. Everyday Life Phenomena17 3. From Training to School18 4. Innokas! – Let’s Be Enthusiastic and Innovate Together19 5. Meaningful Mathematics20 6. Programming for Everyone21 7. Science and Mathematics in Society: Interdisciplinary Cooperation with Companies22 8. Understanding in Problem Solving23 9. Wonder and Find Out: Pre-school Children’s Science Process Skills24 16 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWK\YDN\V\P\V 17 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWDUNLHODPDQLOPLRLWD 18 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWNRXOXWXNVHVWDNRXOXXQ 19 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWLQQRNDVLQQRVWXWDDQMDLQQRYRLGDDQ\KGHVVD 20 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWPLHOHNDVPDWLNND 21 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWRKMHOPRLQWLDNDLNLOOH 22 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWPDWHPDWLLNNDMDOXRQQRQWLHWHHW\KWHLVNXQQDVVD\KWHLVROOLVWDRSLVNHOXD W\RHODPDQNDQVVD 23 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHW\PPDUU\VWDRQJHOPDQUDWNDLVXXQ 24 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWWXWNLMDWXXPDDHVLNRXOXODLVWHQWXWNLPLVHQWDLGRW 23 National and international collaboration in research and development Figure 8. StarT science festivals all around Finland act as collaborative and inspiring learning environments. In these events, the creativity and know-how of children and youths is crucial. They present innovative projects and learn from each other. In addition, the representatives of learning communities (e.g. schools, kindergarten, science clubs) present the best educational practices related to the implementation of phenomenon-based and interdisciplinary learning in pedagogical cafes and get ideas for the implementation of the school-specific and national curricula in their learning community. These events act also as new models for teachers’ in- service training. In the picture, children and youths from the Uusimaa region are attending a StarT science fair in Heureka Science Centre in 2017. (Pictures: The University of Helsinki’s Science Education Centre). 24 $WWKHPRPHQW GXULQJ± WKHUHLVEURDGRQJRLQJLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJIRU WHDFKHUVRQWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGSURMHFWV0RVWRIWKHWKHPDUHFDUULHGRXWDV LQWHUDFWLYHRQOLQHFRXUVHV 022&V LQRUGHUIRULWWRUHDFKDVPDQ\DVSRVVLEOH7KH SURJUDPFRQVLVWVDOVRRIHYDOXDWLRQUHVHDUFKDQGYDULRXVUHVHDUFKLQFOXGLQJWKHVHV 3.2.2 The StarT Program – Interdisciplinary Collaboration $QRWKHUQDWLRQDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWGHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPWKDWEULQJVQHZDSSURDFKHV LQWRWHDFKLQJLVWKHLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGFROODERUDWLYHStarT operating model25, ZKLFK ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG DV D FROODERUDWLYH SURMHFW RI WKH /80$ &HQWUH )LQODQG QHWZRUNLQKRQRURI)LQODQG¶VFHQWHQDU\7KHSURMHFWLVDLPHGDOOWKHZD\IURP HDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRVHFRQGGHJUHHHGXFDWLRQ6HYHUDOWKHVHVDUHFRQQHFWHG WRLWDQGVFLHQWL¿FSXEOLFDWLRQVDUHZULWWHQLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKGLɣHUHQWXQLYHUVLWLHV RQLWVYDULRXVWKHPHV3URIHVVRU0DLMD$NVHODLVWKHGLUHFWRUIRUWKH6WDU7SURJUDP 2XWL+DDWDLQHQKDVZRUNHGDVWKHQDWLRQDOSURMHFWPDQDJHUDQG(VVL3XUKRQHQKDV ZRUNHGDVWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOSURMHFWPDQDJHUIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7HQV RIFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVVXFKDVRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGFRPSDQLHVZRUNWRJHWKHUZLWK 6WDU7 VHH6WDU7¶VZHEVLWH ,QWKHSUHVLGHQWRI)LQODQG6DXOL1LLQLVW|DFWHG DVWKHSDWURQIRUWKHSURJUDP$QXPEHURIVLJQL¿FDQW)LQQLVKGLUHFWRUV HJWKH GLUHFWRUJHQHUDORIWKH)LQQLVK1DWLRQDO$JHQF\IRU(GXFDWLRQ DQGVSHFLDOLVWV VHH WKHQDPHVIURPWKHZHEVLWH DFWDVPHQWRUVIRU6WDU7,WZLOOEHFDUULHGRXWDWOHDVW XQWLOWKHVXPPHURIDVSDUWRIWKHQDWLRQDOWDVNRI/80$&HQWUH)LQODQG 1HZFROODERUDWLYHIRUXPVIRUOHDUQLQJKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGDW6WDU7ZLWKWKH DVVLVWDQFHRIWKHHQWLUH/80$&HQWUH)LQODQGQHWZRUN StarT Days are various HYHQWVRUJDQL]HGE\WKHSDUWLFLSDWLQJOHDUQLQJFRPPXQLWLHVWRVKDUHOHDUQLQJLQ WKHLURZQFRPPXQLW\StarT festivals DUHUHJLRQDOHYHQWVVFLHQFHIDLUVRUJDQL]HG DOODURXQG)LQODQGE\WKH/80$&HQWHUVWRJHWKHUZLWKORFDOSDUWQHUVDQGWKH StarT Gala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¿HQ 25 National and international collaboration in research and development FROODERUDWLYHHYHQWVERWKQDWLRQDOO\DQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ IRUH[DPSOHWKURXJKD virtual online poll 7KLVSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJWKDWIROORZVWKH6WDU7FRQFHSW can be carried out also in clubs or at home (see StarT Clubs in chapter 6). 7KHWKHPHVRI6WDU7SURMHFWVLQ±DUH PDWKHPDWLFVDURXQGXV QDWXUHDQG WKHHQYLURQPHQW ZHOOEHLQJ VWDUVDQGVSDFH KRPHFXOWXUHDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOLW\ WKLV ZRUNV PRELOH WR\V DQG WHFKQRORJ\ DURXQG XV A material bank that is XSGDWHGFRQVWDQWO\KDVEHHQFRPSULVHGLQRUGHUWRVXSSRUWOHDUQLQJZLWKWKHKHOS RI7HFKQRORJ\,QGXVWULHVRI)LQODQG&HQWHQQLDO)RXQGDWLRQ7RJHWKHUZLWK$DOWR 8QLYHUVLW\7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHKDVVXSSRUWHGNLQGHUJDUWHQVDQGSULPDU\ VFKRROVLQFDUU\LQJRXW6WDU7SURMHFWVLQWKH8XVLPDDUHJLRQ Figure 9. StarT’s materials that include videos, offer support for interdisciplinary project-based learning as a part of implementation of the national and school-specific curricula in learning communities. On the website, the material has been classified according to school level. You can also find a short video on the website of StarT about the operating model. /HDUQLQJLQ6WDU7RFFXUVLQinternational interaction: 36 countries participated in 2017. The 6WDU7(VWRQLDFROODERUDWLYHSURMHFWZDVODXQFKHGLQ'HFHPEHU ,QWKHJDODZDVRUJDQL]HGDVDSDUWRIWKHQDWLRQDODQGWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDO /80$7V\PSRVLXPDWWKH*UHDW+DOORIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL¶VPDLQEXLOGLQJ 1DWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDODZDUGVZHUHJLYHQRXWE\WKH0LQLVWHURI(GXFDWLRQ 26 6DQQL*UDKQ/DDVRQHQ VHH)LJXUH E\-XNND.RODWKH5HFWRURIWKH8QLYHUVLW\ RI+HOVLQNLDORQJZLWKRWKHUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV Figure 10. In the national and international StarT gala, internationally distinguished teams consisting of children and youths, and best educational practices of learning communities are annually awarded the International LUMA StarT (Education) Award. In 2017, Sanni Grahn-Laasonen, the Minister of Education, handed out the main awards. Various encouraging awards are given also nationally and regionally by universities and their cooperation partners. 27 National and international collaboration in research and development 3.2.3 Discipline Specific Collaborative Project on Molecular Modelling 1DWLRQDOO\FRRSHUDWLRQLVFDUULHGRXWLQRUGHUWRSURPRWHHGXFDWLRQLQWKHYDULRXV ¿HOGVRIVFLHQFH$QH[DPSOHLVDQDWLRQDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWGHYHORSPHQWDQGUHVHDUFK project on Computer Assisted Molecular Modelling in School Teaching ± 'XULQJWKLVSURMHFWDVDQHZRSHQLQJLQWKHUHVHDUFKRIFKHPLVWU\ PROHFXODUPRGHOOLQJZDVPDGHDSDUWRI)LQQLVKVFKRROHGXFDWLRQDQGWHDFKHU HGXFDWLRQ,WZDVFDUULHGRXWDVDSDUWRIFKHPLVWU\WHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQDQGVFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL&RRSHUDWLRQWRRNSODFHZLWKFKHPLVWU\ WHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQLQ'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLVWU\DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI-\YlVN\Ol7KH SURMHFWZDVIXQGHGE\WKH)LQQLVK&XOWXUDO)RXQGDWLRQ ,Q&RPSXWHU$VVLVWHG0ROHFXODU0RGHOOLQJLQ6FKRRO7HDFKLQJSURMHFW • new pedagogical solutions and approaches into chemistry teaching were developed nationally and internationally in cooperation with innovative school teachers, and most novel research information through the newest research • mentors of molecular modelling were trained all over Finland. They acted as instructors on their own areas and offered support • open learning material that supports the using of molecular modelling, was produced online for teachers • research was conducted concerning the opportunities and its effectiveness in the learning and teaching of chemistry. 7KHUHVHDUFKFRQFHUQLQJWKHSURMHFWZDVWXUQHGLQWRVHYHUDOSXEOLFDWLRQVDQGDOVR a doctoral dissertation26 27 28 297KHDFTXLUHGUHVXOWVKDYHEHHQXVHGEURDGO\LQ VHYHUDOLQVWLWXWLRQVLQWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQDQGDOVRLQRQHRIWKH/80$ODEV IRU VFKRROV RIWKH&HQWUH&KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQ30,QNQRZKRZZDVVSUHDG RXWLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\LQWKHIRUPRIDQRQ¿FWLRQERRNWKDWZDVZULWWHQLQ(QJOLVK31. 26 $NVHOD0 /XQGHOO- &RPSXWHU%DVHG0ROHFXODU0RGHOOLQJ )LQQLVK6FKRRO7HDFKHUV¶([SHULHQFHV DQG9LHZV&KHPLVWU\(GXFDWLRQDQG5HVHDUFK ±KWWSV GRLRUJ %- 27 $NVHOD0/XQGHOO- 3HUQDD- 0ROHN\\OLPDOOLQQXNVHQPHQWRUHLWDNHPLDQRSHWXNVHQMDRSSLPLVHQ WXHNVL7HRNVHVVD-9lOLVDDUL -/XQGHOO WRLP Kemian opetuksen päivät 2008: Uusia oppimisympäristöjä ja ongelmalähtöistä opetusta V ± -\YlVN\Ol -\YlVN\OlQ\OLRSLVWR 28 3HUQDD-$NVHOD0 /XQGHOO- .HPLDQRSHWWDMLHQNlVLW\NVLlPROHN\\OLPDOOLQQXNVHQNl\W|VWl RSHWXNVHVVD.LUMDVVD0$NVHOD -3HUQDD WRLP $UNLSlLYlQNHPLDNRNHHOOLVXXVMDW\|WXUYDOOLVXXVNHPLDQ opetuksessa perusopetuksesta korkeakouluihin – IV Valtakunnalliset kemian opetuksen päivät (s.195–204). +HOVLQNL 28 Figure 11. An example of computer assisted molecular modelling. The use of these models increases the understanding of terminology and phenomena in chemistry, and it can be used for example alongside practical work. 3.3 Examples of International Projects 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHDLPVDWDFWLQJDVDJOREDOLPSDFWRUDFFRUGLQJWRWKH XQLYHUVLW\¶VVWUDWHJ\7KHDLPRIGHYHORSPHQWDQGSURPRWLRQLVWREHDEOHWRKDYH LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\LQWHUDFWLRQZLWKRWKHUFRXQWULHVDQGWROHDUQIURPRWKHUVGXULQJWKH LQWHUDFWLRQ7KH&HQWUHKDVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKH(XURSHDQScientixFRPPXQLW\DQG Science on StageQHWZRUN7KHGLUHFWRURIWKH&HQWUHKDVEHHQDUHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI)LQODQGLQWKH$//($RUJDQL]DWLRQ¶V32VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQZRUNJURXSVLQFH 32 KWWS ZZZDOOHDRUJ 29 National and international collaboration in research and development Figure 12. The Science Education Centre aims at promoting youths’ science skills in various ways (see chapter 7 for further information). In 2011, an international, interdisciplinary science competition European Union Contest for Young Scientist was organized in Helsinki. The Science Education Centre was one of the major cooperation partners there. (Picture: Sakari Tolppanen) ,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHG6WDU7SURMHFW VHHFKDSWHU ZHKDYH SDUWLFLSDWHGRUDUHSDUWLFLSDWLQJFXUUHQWO\LQWKHIROORZLQJLQWHUQDWLRQDOSURMHFWVWKDW KDYHEURXJKWQHZDSSURDFKHVLQWRWHDFKLQJ OLVWHGLQDOSKDEHWLFDORUGHU WKH1RUGLF ActSHEN project (chapter 3.3.1), the EU project: COMBLAB (chapter 3.3.2), the EU project: Designstem (chapter 3.3.3), the EU project: LINKS (chapter ZKLFKLVDFROODERUDWLYHSURMHFWRIWKHHQWLUH/80$&HQWUH)LQODQGQHWZRUN ,QDGGLWLRQVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWKDVEHHQSURPRWHGZLWKWKHKHOSRIYLUWXDO operations (chapter 3.3.4). 3.3.1 The ActSHEN Project: A Model for Teaching Sustainable Development in the University Level Action for Sustainability in Higher Education in the Nordic region (ActSHEN)33 LVD1RUGLFFRRSHUDWLRQDQGUHVHDUFKSURMHFWWKDWZDVDFWLYHGXULQJ±ZKHUH DPRGHOIRUWKHXQLYHUVLW\OHYHOZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQRUGHUWRVXSSRUWVXVWDLQDEOH 33 KWWS EORJVKHOVLQNL¿DFWLRQIRUVXVWDLQDELOLW\ 30 development34 351RUG3OXVKDVEHHQIXQGLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI +HOVLQNLKDVEHHQDSDUWRIWKHSURMHFWZLWKWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI,FHODQG6WRFNKROP 8QLYHUVLW\ 8SSVDOD 8QLYHUVLW\ 7HOHPDUN 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH DQGWKH,FHODQG $FDGHP\RI$UWV 1HZDSSURDFKHVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGLQWKHSURMHFWRQHGXFDWLRQFRQFHUQLQJ VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW VXVWDLQDELOLW\ HGXFDWLRQ 7KHVH DSSURDFKHV KDYH EHHQ DSSOLHG WR YDULRXV SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG WR D FRXUVH ³6XVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWLQWHDFKLQJ´IRUIXWXUHWHDFKHUVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL,QWKH GHYHORSHGPRGHOVDVWXGHQW¶VDFWLYHSDUWLFLSDWLRQLVFUXFLDO6WXGHQWVSDUWLFLSDWH E\SODQQLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWLQJWKHFRXUVHHDFK\HDUDQGLWKDVEHHQFDUULHGRXW LQDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ZD\&LUFXODUHFRQRP\FOLPDWHFKDQJHDQGVXVWDLQDEOHIRRG KDYHEHHQWKHPHVRIWKHFRXUVH$SSURDFKHVLQFOXGHLQWHUDFWLYHOHFWXUHVDVZHOODV SURMHFWVH[FXUVLRQVGLVFXVVLRQVEORJVDQGGUDPD 3.3.2 The COMBLAB project: Inquiry-based Science Teaching with Microcomputer-based Laboratory Activities 7KH(8IXQGHGCOMBLABSURMHFW ± ZDVFDUULHGRXWLQFRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK UHVHDUFK H[SHUWV IURP WKH 8QLYHUVLWLHV RI 6SDLQ $XVWULD 6ORYDNLD &]HFK 5HSXEOLF DQG )LQODQG 7KH DLP RI WKH SURMHFW ZDV WR FUHDWH QHZ PDWHULDO WKDW XWLOL]HVPLFURFRPSXWHUEDVHGODERUDWRU\HTXLSPHQWLQVFLHQFHWHDFKLQJ7KHIRFXV JURXSZDVORZHUVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVWXGHQWVZKRVWXG\QDWXUDOVFLHQFHVOLNHELRORJ\ FKHPLVWU\DQGSK\VLFV7KHPDWHULDOZDVGHYHORSHGFRPPXQDOO\ZLWKXQLYHUVLW\ UHVHDUFKHUVDQGWHDFKHUV7KHWHDFKHUVZKRWRRNSDUWLQWKHSURMHFWZHUHDOVRWUDLQHG WRXVHWKHPDWHULDO7KHHɣHFWLYHQHVVRIVRPHRIWKHDFWLYLWLHVDQGWKHZKROHSURMHFW ZDVVWXGLHG36 377KHVWXG\WKDWZDVDFFRPSOLVKHGDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLQ ZDVXVHGDVEDFNJURXQGLQIRUPDWLRQ387KHLQWHUQDWLRQDO,66(FRQIHUHQFHZDV KHOGDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLQDWWKHHQGRIWKHSURMHFW 34 +HLVNDQHQ1.l\KN|- 9LUWDQHQ+ 6WXGHQWVDVWHDFKHUV $VWXGHQWSRLQWRIYLHZ/80$7% ± KWWSV ZZZOXPDW¿LQGH[SKSOXPDWEDUWLFOHYLHZ 35 +HUUDQHQ-7ROSSDQHQ69HVWHULQHQ90 $NVHOD0 6WXGHQWVDVWHDFKHUV 'HVLJQRID VWXGHQWOHGFRXUVHRQVXVWDLQDELOLW\HGXFDWLRQ/80$7% ± KWWSV ZZZOXPDW¿LQGH[SKSOXPDWEDUWLFOHYLHZ 36 7ROYDQHQ6 $NVHOD0 0LWWDXVDXWRPDDWLRQK\|G\QWlPLQHQWXWNLPXNVHOOLVHVVDNHPLDQRSLVNHOXVVD 8VLQJPLFURFRPSXWHUEDVHGODERUDWRU\HTXLSPHQWLQLQTXLU\EDVHGFKHPLVWU\HGXFDWLRQ LUMAT, 1(4), 379–386. 37 7ROYDQHQ6$NVHOD0*XLWDUW) 8UEDQ:ROGURQ+ 5HVHDUFKEDVHGIXWXUHVFLHQFHWHDFKHU WUDLQLQJRQXVLQJ,&7HQKDQFHGLQTXLU\DFWLYLWLHV,Q&3&RQVWDQWLQRX13DSDGRXULV $+DGMLJHRUJLRX (Eds.), EBook Proceedings of the ESERA 2013 Conference: Science Education Research For Evidence-based Teaching and Coherence in Learning. Part 4 (Eds. G. Olympiou & P. Marzin-Janvier), (pp. 181–190). Nicosia, .\SURV (XURSHDQ6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ5HVHDUFK$VVRFLDWLRQ,6%1 38 $NVHOD0 (QJDJLQJVWXGHQWVIRUPHDQLQJIXOFKHPLVWU\OHDUQLQJWKURXJK0LFURFRPSXWHUEDVHG /DERUDWRU\ 0%/ LQTXLU\Educació Química EduQ, 9, 30–37. 31 National and international collaboration in research and development 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHSURGXFHGUHVHDUFKEDVHGOHDUQLQJPDWHULDOVLVQRWRQO\WR VXSSRUWWKHVWXGHQWWRXVHDQGDSSO\SUHYLRXVO\OHDUQHGLQIRUPDWLRQEXWDOVRWR HQFRXUDJHWKHPLQSURGXFLQJQHZLQIRUPDWLRQ%\XVLQJLQTXLU\EDVHGPHWKRGV WKHVWXGHQWVSODQWKHDUUDQJHPHQWVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDQDO\]HWKHPHDVXUHPHQW GDWDHYDOXDWHWKHUHVXOWVDQGPDNHDVPDOOUHSRUW7KHH[DPSOHVRIWKHDFWLYLWLHVWKDW DUHFRQQHFWHGWRHYHU\GD\OLIHLQFOXGHIRUH[DPSOH WKHHɣHFWLYHQHVVRIKHDUWEXUQ PHGLFDWLRQWKHFRSSHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIDEUDVVQDLOWKHWHPSHUDWXUHFKDQJHLQ FRɣHHDQGHPLVVLRQVUHVHDUFKZLWKDVSHFWURSKRWRPHWHULQRUGHUWRXQGHUVWDQG KRZDJUHHQKRXVHZRUNV&RPSUHKHQVLYHOHDUQLQJPDWHULDOVWKDWLQFOXGHPDWHULDO IRUWHDFKHUVFDQEHIRXQGRQOLQH39LQVHYHQGLɣHUHQWODQJXDJHV0RVWH[SHULPHQWV DUHXVHGLQWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQDQGWKHPDWHULDOFDQEHIRXQGLQWKH&KHPLVWU\/DE Gadolin40. Figure 13. Utilizing modern technology (for example: microcomputer-based laboratory equipment, molecular modelling and other modern technologies) is one area of research in science education. The activity of spectrophotometer in the picture is developed for the use of school visits. (Picture: Veikko Somerpuro) 39 http://comblab.eu/en 40 KWWS ZZZKHOVLQNLILHQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUWHDFKHUVJURXSYLVLWVWRVFLHQFHODEVFKHPLVWU\ODE gadolin 32 3.3.3 The Designstem Project: LUMA Education in the Context of Art 8VLQJDUWVDQGGUDPDLQWHDFKLQJLVRQHDUHDRIUHVHDUFKLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ41. For H[DPSOHE\LQWHJUDWLQJGHVLJQDQGVWHPHGXFDWLRQ QDWXUDOVFLHQFHV LWLVSRVVLEOH WRUHFHLYHQHZDQGLQVSLULQJPHWKRGVLQWRWHDFKLQJ,WXQLWHVFUHDWLYLW\DQGWKH VROYLQJRISUDFWLFDOSUREOHPV The Designstem42 ± LVDQRQJRLQJSURMHFWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQZKLFK aims at developing online learning materials that unite design and natural science, such as games, mobile applications or interesting e-learning materials. The target JURXSFRQVLVWVRI± \HDUROGVZKRVWXG\/80$VXEMHFWVDQG±\HDUROG VWXGHQWVZKRVWXG\GHVLJQ(XURSHDQFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKH SURMHFW,QDGGLWLRQWR)LQQLVKSDUWQHUVWKHUHDUHFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVIURP(VWRQLD *HUPDQ\*UHHFHWKH1HWKHUODQGVDQG3RUWXJDO 3.3.4 A Virtual Project on Science Education in Order to Promote Sustainable Development 7KHSURPRWLRQRIHGXFDWLRQIRUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW (6' LVRQHRIWKHFHQWUDO IRFXVDUHDVRIWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH5HVHDUFKLVFRQGXFWHGRQWKHWRSLF DVZHOODVWKHVHVIRUH[DPSOHGRFWRUDOGLVVHUWDWLRQV43 44. 1HZYLUWXDORSHUDWLQJPRGHOVIRUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDQGLWVSURPRWLRQ ERWKIRU\RXWKDQGWHDFKHUVKDYHEHHQUHVHDUFKHGDQGGHYHORSHGLQDYLUWXDOVFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQSURMHFW8SXQWLOQRZWKUHHLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXESURMHFWVKDYHEHHQFDUULHG out: (i) Millennium Youth Course: Sustainable EnergyWKDWLVDLPHGIRU WKH \RXWK LL Sustainable Energy in Education: International MOOC for STEM teachers, WKDWLVDLPHGIRUWHDFKHUV and (iii) International Teachers’ Climate Change Forum, that is also DLPHGIRUWHDFKHUV'RFWRUDOGLVVHUWDWLRQV DQG NQRZKRZ RI GRFWRUDO VWXGHQWV LQ 41 (VLP 7XUNND - +DDWDLQHQ 2 $NVHOD 0 ,QWHJUDWLQJ DUW LQWR VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ D VXUYH\ RI VFLHQFH WHDFKHUV¶ SUDFWLFHV International Journal of Science Education, 39 ± '2, 10.1080/09500693.2017.1333656 42 KWWS ELWO\'G/2IH 43 -XQWXQHQ0 +ROLVWLFDQG,QTXLU\%DVHG(GXFDWLRQIRU6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWLQ&KHPLVWU\ +HOVLQNL 8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLKWWS XUQ¿851 ,6%1 44 7ROSSDQHQ 6 &UHDWLQJ D %HWWHU :RUOG 4XHVWLRQV $FWLRQV DQG ([SHFWDWLRQV RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WXGHQWV RQ 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW DQG ,WV (GXFDWLRQ +HOVLQNL 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HOVLQNL KWWS XUQ¿851 ,6%1 33 National and international collaboration in research and development VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQKDVEHHQH[SORLWHGLQGHVLJQLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGFDUU\LQJRXW the project. In the Millennium Youth Course: Sustainable Energy SURMHFWDQHZ RSHQRQOLQHFRXUVH 022& DLPHGIRU\RXWKDOORYHUWKHZRUOGZDVGHYHORSHG WRJHWKHUZLWKWKH$DOWR8QLYHUVLW\DQGZLWKWKH7HFKQRORJ\$FDGHP\RI)LQODQG 7$) 7KHDLPRIWKHFRXUVHZDVWRJLYHDFURVVVHFWLRQRIKRZWKHSURGXFWLRQRI HQHUJ\DQGLWVXVDJHFRXOGEHPDGHPRUHVXVWDLQDEOHWRRɣHULGHDVVXSSRUWDQG HQFRXUDJHPHQWRQKRZWREULQJLWXSLQWHDFKLQJWRLQFUHDVHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQ VSHFLDOLVWVWRVKDUHJRRGSUDFWLFDOLWLHVLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\DQGWRVXSSRUWFRRSHUDWLYH OHDUQLQJDQGWREULQJIRUWK)LQQLVKNQRZKRZRIWKH¿HOGDQGVWXG\RSSRUWXQLWLHV $QLQWHUQDWLRQDOVFLHQWL¿FSDSHURILWVVLJQL¿FDQFHIRUVWXGHQWV45 has been published. The course46ZDVSLORWHGLQ)DOO8QLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVDOVRWRRNSDUWRQWKLV course. In the project Sustainable Energy in Education: International MOOC for STEM teachers WKDWZDVDLPHGIRUSUHVHUYLFHHGXFDWLRQDQGLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJ DQLQWHUQDWLRQDORQOLQHFRXUVHZDVGHYHORSHGLQWKH6SULQJRI Sustainable Energy in Education: International MOOC for STEM teachers47 ZRUWK (&76 5HVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQDQGPDWHULDOWKDWZDVUHFHLYHGIURPD022&FRXUVH DLPHGDW\RXWKZDVXVHGWRGHYHORSWKHFRXUVH7KHFRXUVHZDVDLPHGDWWHDFKHUV DWWKHORZHUDQGXSSHUVHFRQGDU\OHYHOVIXWXUHWHDFKHUVWHDFKHUWUDLQHUVDQGRWKHU VSHFLDOLVWLQHGXFDWLRQDURXQGWKHZRUOGZKRZHUHLQWHUHVWHGRQWKHWRSLF,QWKH 6SULQJRIDSXEOLFDWLRQEDVHGRQWKHUHVHDUFKGDWDFROOHFWHGGXULQJWKHFRXUVH LVJRLQJWREHSXEOLVKHG%DVHGRQWKLVUHVHDUFKYLUWXDOWUDLQLQJIRUVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ is still being developed. ,Q)DOODQLQWHUQDWLRQDOYLUWXDOSURMHFWRQWKHWHDFKLQJRIFOLPDWHHGXFDWLRQ International Teachers’ Climate Change Forum48 ZDVFDUULHGRXW+HUH WHDFKHUVRIYDULRXVVFKRROOHYHOVIURPDOODURXQGWKHZRUOGDSSOLHGIRUSHUIRUPHUV 7KH FKRVHQ WHDFKHUV SUHSDUHG VKRUW YLGHRV RI WKHLU RZQ WHDFKLQJLGHDVDQG H[SHULHQFH7KHRWKHUSDUWLFLSDQWVRIWKHV\PSRVLXP¿UVWZDWFKHGWKHYLGHRVDQG WKHQFRPPXQDOO\GLVFXVVHGZKDWWKH\KDGVHHQZLWKWKHKHOSRILQVWUXFWRUV7KHPHV LQFOXGHG ³(FRDQ[LHW\´³$QRQOLQH022&RQFOLPDWHFKDQJH´³([DPLQLQJVHD OHYHOULVHLQWKHODE´DQG³,QFUHDVLQJQDWXUHFRQQHFWHGQHVV´0DWHULDODQGYLGHRV ZHUHDYDLODEOHIRUHYHU\RQHWRXVHDQGWKH\FDQEHIRXQGRQWKHZHEVLWH7KH\DUH FXUUHQWO\XVHGLQWUDLQLQJIXWXUHWHDFKHUV7KHWUDLQLQJZDVLPSOHPHQWHGZLWKD IXQGLQJIURPWKH0DJQXV(KUQURRWK)RXQGDWLRQ 45 $NVHOD0.:X; +DORQHQ-( 5HOHYDQF\RIWKH0DVVLYH2SHQ2QOLQH&RXUVH 022& DERXW 6XVWDLQDEOH (QHUJ\ IRU $GROHVFHQWV (GXFDWLRQ 6FLHQFHV '2, HGXFVFL KWWSV KHOGDKHOVLQNL¿ELWVWUHDPKDQGOHHGXFDWLRQBBSGI 46 KWWSV PRRFKHOVLQNL¿FRXUVHYLHZSKS"LG 47 KWWSV PRRFKHOVLQNL¿FRXUVHYLHZSKS"LG 48 KWWSV ZZZOXPD¿HQHYHQWLQWHUQDWLRQDOWHDFKHUVFOLPDWHFKDQJHIRUXP 34 3.3.5 The LINKS Project: New Approaches in Teacher Training ,QWKH(8IXQGHG/,1.6SURMHFW Learning from Innovation and Networking in STEM – science, technology, engineering and mathematics)49 during 2016–19, UHVHDUFKEDVHG SULPDU\ HGXFDWLRQ DQG WHDFKLQJ RI /80$ VXEMHFWV PDWK DQG VFLHQFH LQWKHXSSHUVHFRQGDU\OHYHOLVSURPRWHGWKURXJKWKHWUDLQLQJRIWHDFKHUV DQGWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUVRI/80$VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ 7KHSURMHFWLVFDUULHGRXWE\H[SHUWVIURP$XVWULD)LQODQG)UDQFH,WDO\DQGWKH 8QLWHG.LQJGRP7KHSDUWLFLSDWLQJ FRPPXQLWLHVDUHDSDUWRIQDWLRQDOQHWZRUNV LQWKHLURZQFRXQWULHVDQGVHYHUDORIWKHPDUHDOVRLQYROYHGLQFRRUGLQDWLRQHɣRUWV $OOLQDOOWKH\UHSUHVHQWORFDORUUHJLRQDOSURYLGHUVRILQVHUYLFHHGXFDWLRQ /,1.6LVDSDUWRIWKH/80$&HQWUH)LQODQGQHWZRUN¶VRSHUDWLRQV7KH8QLYHUVLW\ RI+HOVLQNL¶V6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHUHSUHVHQWV)LQODQGLQ/,1.6WRJHWKHUZLWK WKH/80$&HQWUHIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI(DVWHUQ)LQODQG+HUHWKHSXUSRVHRI WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLVWRSURPRWHRSHUDWLQJPRGHOVRIVFKRRODQGFRPSDQ\ FRRSHUDWLRQLQSUHVHUYLFHWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJDQGWRRUJDQL]HWKHIDUHZHOOFRQIHUHQFH RI/,1.6LQ+HOVLQNL 49 KWWS ZZZOXPD¿NHVNXVKDQNNHHWOLQNV 35 /80$ODEVIRUVFKRROVDVHQYLURQPHQWVIRUOHDUQLQJUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW 4. LUMA LABS FOR SCHOOLS AS ENVIRONMENTS FOR LEARNING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 4.1 General 7KHDLPVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRSHUDWLRQVDUHSURPRWHGLQRSHUDWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJ VFLHQFHFODVVHVRUODEVIRUVFKRROVDWXQLYHUVLWLHV RIWHQFDOOHGLUMA labs) in FRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKHIDFXOWLHVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\DVZHOODVZLWKVSHFLDOLVWVRXWVLGH WKHXQLYHUVLW\ HJVSHFLDOLVWVLQWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU 6FLHQFHFODVVHVRUODEVOHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWVRIZKLFKWKHUHDUHPRPHQWDULO\sixDOORYHUWKHXQLYHUVLW\ VLQFH DUH DQ H[DPSOH RI SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV RI WKH VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ RSHUDWLRQVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KHWKHPDWLFIRFXVDUHDVRIUHVHDUFKDW WKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGZD\VRIH[HFXWLRQDUHFHQWUDOLQWKHRSHUDWLRQVRI/80$ODEV VHH chapter 1.3.1 and 1.3.2). The purpose is to strengthen and broaden the operations LQWKHIXWXUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL,QWKHQHDUIXWXUHLWLVJRLQJWREH VWUHQJWKHQHGLQWKHIRUPRIDPXWXDOERRNLQJFDOHQGDU7KHRSHUDWLRQVDUHDOVRD SDUWRI/80$&HQWUH)LQODQG¶VQDWLRQDOSXUSRVH The four purposesRIVFLHQFHFODVVHVRUODEVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\LQWKHKHDUWRI VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRIWKH&HQWUHLQFOXGH (i) to act as inspiring learning environments for children and youth at the authentic facilities of the university, and to support current and future national core curricula (yearly nearly 10 000 children and youth visit the LUMA labs in different forms of science education. At the same time, they are an important form of recruitment for the university, in which through participating activities, children and youth are inspired towards sciences.) (ii) to act as research and development environments for science education (visiting children and youth, teachers, family members and cooperation partners participate in various projects, and therefore promote the development of new solutions and innovations, scientific publications and theses. At the moment, there is ongoing general study on the pedagogical usage of all science labs.) (iii) to act as an encouraging learning environment for pre-service teacher education of future teachers and/or in-service training of teachers on different levels (there are various learning exercises on basic teacher education and its research that are connected to the operations of the LUMA labs; in in-service training, different implementation models are developed together with teachers; a part of these is in cooperation with basic teacher training.) 36 (iv) to act as a collaborative, operational environment in cooperation with national and international persons (researchers, the private sector, different organizations etc.) and to create new openings and develop solutions together for significant science education ,QWKHIROORZLQJSDUWVL[VFLHQFHFODVVURRPVODEVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\DUHSUHVHQWHG LQDOSKDEHWLFDORUGHUDQGWKHLUFHQWUDOIRUPVRIRSHUDWLRQDUHGHVFULEHGLQGHWDLO 7KH¿UVWVFLHQFHODE&KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQZDVHVWDEOLVKHGDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI +HOVLQNLLQWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU HJLQGXVWU\ &XUUHQWO\WKHUHDUHDOWRJHWKHULQQRYDWLYHVFLHQFHODEV /80$ODEV LQWKH XQLYHUVLWLHVLQ)LQODQG DSDUWRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVRI/80$&HQWUH)LQODQG DQG GLYHUVHFRRSHUDWLRQRFFXUVZLWKWKHP$OVRLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQLQWKHVFLHQFH lab operations is about to begin. 4.2 BioPop – Science Education in Biological and Environmental Sciences %LR3RSLVD/80$ODEWKDWLVORFDWHGDWWKH9LLNNLFDPSXVRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI Helsinki. Its purpose is to promote science education on biological and environmental VFLHQFHV,WZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ %LR3RS SURGXFHV QHZ VROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV LQ WKH VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ RI ELRORJLFDO DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO VFLHQFHV ,W RɣHUV D SRVVLELOLW\ IRU WHDFKHUVRQDOOVFKRROOHYHOVWREULQJWKHLUVWXGHQWVWRJHWWRNQRZQHZSHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQVDQGWKHLQVSLULQJZRUOGRIWKH¿HOGLQDQDXWKHQWLFWHDFKLQJDQGUHVHDUFK HQYLURQPHQW,WLVSRVVLEOHWRFDUU\RXWPRGHUQLQTXLU\LQWKHVFLHQFHODEWKDW FDQQRWEHHDVLO\SHUIRUPHGLQVFKRROWHDFKLQJ1HZWHDFKLQJPDWHULDOVWKDWKDYH been developed in the BioPop lab are open to all teachers. :KHQYLVLWLQJWKH%LR3RSODELWLVSRVVLEOHWRSHUIRUPDOONLQGVRILQTXLU\EDVHG ZRUNH[SORUHDXWKHQWLFUHVHDUFKODERUDWRULHVPHHWUHVHDUFKHUVOHDUQQHZWKLQJV RQ¿HOGWULSVDQGWROHDUQDERXWWKH¿HOGRIELRORJ\DQGLWVVWXGLHV7KHSXUSRVH RIQHZLQQRYDWLRQVDQGPHWKRGVLVWRVXSSRUWWKHVWXGHQW¶VXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQG LQWHUHVWWRZDUGVELRORJLFDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOVFLHQFHV'XULQJWKHYLVLWVWKHXVHRI LQTXLU\EDVHGOHDUQLQJLVGHVLJQHGWRHQFRXUDJHWKHVWXGHQWVWRWKLQNE\WKHPVHOYHV DQGWRJDLQLQVLJKWWKHPVHOYHV6WXGHQWWHDFKHUVDUHDFWLYHO\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQVFLHQFH ODEVWKH\LQVWUXFWYLVLWRUVDQGDWWKHVDPHSUDFWLFHWKHLUIXWXUHSURIHVVLRQV,Q QHDUO\YLVLWRUVYLVLWHGWKH%LR3RSODE 37 /80$ODEVIRUVFKRROVDVHQYLURQPHQWVIRUOHDUQLQJUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW Figure 14. BioPop science lab (LUMA lab) is the only lab for schools at universities in Finland that itself specializes in science education on biological and environmental sciences. In the lab, it is possible to perform new and modern inquiry-based laboratory work in an authentic laboratory and to receive joy of insight and success, which strengthens the science competences. 4.3 F2k – Science Education in Physics 7KHVFLHQFHODEIRUSK\VLFV)NWHDFKLQJODERUDWRU\ZDVRSHQHGRQWKH.XPSXOD FDPSXVLQ%HIRUHLWZDVRSHQHGWKHRSHUDWLRQVZHUHNQRZQDV.RQGHQVDDWWRUL ³&DSDFLWRU´ 7KHSUHVHQWQDPH)NUHÀHFWVWKHIDFWWKDWWKHRSHUDWLRQVDUHEDVHG RQPRGHUQSK\VLFVDQGLWVDSSOLFDWLRQV )NSURGXFHVQHZDQGPHDQLQJIXOVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVIRU VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQSK\VLFV,WVSXUSRVHLVWRVXSSRUWDQGSURPRWHPRWLYDWLQJ DQGGLYHUVHWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJRISK\VLFVLQDOOOHYHOVRISULPDU\VFKRRODQG DVZHOOLQVHFRQGDU\VFKRRO$QDLPLVDOVRWRVXSSRUWKREE\LVPQRWRQO\DPRQJ FKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKEXWDOVRDPRQJDGXOWV,QTXLU\EDVHGWHDFKLQJRISK\VLFVLVDW WKHKHDUWRIHYHU\WKLQJ)NFRRSHUDWHVFORVHO\ZLWKWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQLQSK\VLFV DSDUWRIWKHQHZDegree Program for Subject Teachers in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry) and its research. ,QWKH)NODERUDWRU\stFHQWXU\SK\VLFVDQGLWVSKHQRPHQDDUHH[SORUHG H[SHULPHQWDOO\LQWURGXFLQJLGHDVWKDWDUHWKHEDVLVRIFXUUHQWSK\VLFVUHVHDUFKDW 38 WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KH)NODERUDWRU\VHUYHVSK\VLFVWHDFKHUVDQGWKRVH LQWHUHVWHGLQSK\VLFV,QDGGLWLRQWRSUHVHUYLFHDQGLQVHUYLFHWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ VFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\FDPSVDQGFOXEVIRUFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKDUHRUJDQL]HGLQ WKHVFLHQFHODELQFOXGLQJZRUNVKRSVWKDWGHDOZLWKGLɣHUHQWSKHQRPHQDLQSK\VLFV DQGWHDFKLQJVHVVLRQVIRUXSSHUVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVWXGHQWVZKRDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQ SK\VLFV,Q)NDYLVLWRUFDQUHSOLFDWH0LOOLNDQ¶VRLOGURSH[SHULPHQWH[SORUHWKH SKRWRHOHFWULFHɣHFWPHDVXUHDQGPRGHOEODFNERG\UDGLDWLRQREVHUYHWKHVSHFWUD RIGLɣHUHQWVRXUFHVRIOLJKWDQGGHWHUPLQHWKHFKDUJHPDVVUDWLRRIWKHHOHFWURQ $WWKHVDPHWLPHLWLVEHLQJH[SORUHGKRZWKHSKHQRPHQDLQLQTXLU\EDVHGZRUN FDQEHFRQQHFWHGWRFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKDQGDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUH[DPSOHLQDVWURQRP\ SURGXFWLRQRIHQHUJ\DQGFOLPDWHFKDQJH'XULQJDYLVLWLWLVSRVVLEOHWRKDYHDORRN DWWKHUHVHDUFKODERUDWRULHVRQFDPSXVWRJHWWRNQRZWKHUHVHDUFKHUVDQGWRJHW WRNQRZUHVHDUFKWKDWLVFRQGXFWHGWKHUH Figure 15. The LUMA lab, called F2k teaching laboratory, carries out innovative science education in physics. The lab inspires children and youth as well as future teachers and teachers teaching on different school levels into meaningful teaching and learning of physics. F2k is significant in promoting science education of physics in Finland. In the lab, it is possible to explore new inquiry-based solutions and pedagogical innovations of science education in physics. In the above picture, future teachers are studying concepts and phenomena of physics through inquiry at the science lab. 39 /80$ODEVIRUVFKRROVDVHQYLURQPHQWVIRUOHDUQLQJUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW 4.4 Geopiste – Science Education in Geography and Geosciences 7KH/80$ODE*HRSLVWHZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ,WVSXUSRVHLVWRHQFRXUDJH FKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKLQWRJHRJUDSK\DQGJHRVFLHQFHVZLWKWKHKHOSRIQHZVROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV DQG LW DLPV DW VXSSRUWLQJ WHDFKHUV RI JHRJUDSK\ LQUHDFKLQJWKHJRDOV2SHUDWLRQIRUPVLQFOXGHDFWLYHVFKRROJURXSYLVLWVWRWKH /80$ODEVFLHQFHFDPSVVFLHQFHFOXEVDQGWHDFKHUV¶LQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJDVZHOO DVSURGXFLQJPDWHULDOWREHSXWRQOLQH*HRSLVWHFRRSHUDWHVFORVHO\ZLWKJHRJUDSK\ WHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQDQGLWVQHZHVWUHVHDUFK Figure 16. The LUMA lab, Geopiste, is the only lab at university in Finland that itself specializes in science education on geography and geosciences. In the picture, children participating in a science camp are performing field investigation with Geopiste in the Summer of 2017. The tools include: anemometers, thermometers, noise level meters and equipment for taking samples of the soil. (Picture: Inka Voutilainen) *HRSLVWHDUUDQJHVYLVLWVIRUVFKRRO JURXSV LQ ZKLFK VWXGHQWV JHW WR KHDU DERXW VWXG\LQJ JHRJUDSK\ and about most recent research LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG SDUWLFLSDWH LQ D YDULHW\ RI GLIIHUHQW NLQGV RI activities. During these visits, it LV SRVVLEOH WR LQWHJUDWH HJ ¿HOG ZRUNZLWK*,6ZRUN *HRJUDSKLFDO ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV WKDWLVGRQH RQWKHFRPSXWHU6WXGHQWVZKRZRUNDVLQVWUXFWRUVJHWH[SHULHQFHIURPLQVWUXFWLQJ YLVLWLQJJURXSVDQGDSRVVLELOLW\WRFROOHFWGDWDIRUWKHLUWKHVLV$QXPEHURIWKHVHV DQGQHZPDWHULDOKDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWEDVHGRQRSHUDWLRQVRI*HRSLVWH50 *HRSLVWHRɣHUVPDWHULDORQOLQHWKDWKDVEHHQGHYHORSHGIRUWHDFKHUVWRXVH DQGHTXLSPHQWWKDWFDQEHERUURZHG,WKDVEHHQLQDQDFWLYHUROHLQFUHDWLQJQHZ PDWHULDOVIRUH[DPSOHPDNLQJRQOLQHH[HUFLVHVIRUWKHPDWULFXODWLRQH[DPLQDWLRQ WKHPDWULFXODWLRQH[DPLQDWLRQLQJHRJUDSK\KDVEHHQRQHRIWKH¿UVWVXEMHFWVWR EHFRPSOHWHGHOHFWURQLFDOO\VLQFH *HRSLVWHKDVSURGXFHGPDWHULDOZLWKZKLFK 50 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVWXWNLPXVRSLQQD\WHWRLWD 40 WHDFKHUVKDYHKDGWKHFKDQFHWRSUDFWLFHDQGWHDFKQHZTXHVWLRQW\SHVWRWKHVWXGHQWV WKDWDUHFRQQHFWHGWRHOHFWURQLFH[DPV*HRSLVWHVXSSRUWVWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI VFKRROFXUULFXOXPDOVRE\ERUURZLQJGLɣHUHQWNLQGVRIWRROVDQGPDWHULDO7KHVH LQFOXGHHJ*36GHYLFHVDQGGLɣHUHQWPHDVXULQJHTXLSPHQW *HRSLVWHKDVEHHQRUJDQL]LQJWHDFKHUV¶LQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJERWKLQWKHIRUPVRI FRQWDFWWHDFKLQJDVZHOODVRQOLQH7KHIRFXVDUHDRIWKHWUDLQLQJVKDVEHHQWRWUDLQ WHDFKHUVRQHOHFWURQLFPHWKRGVWKDWEHORQJXQGHUWKHWHUP³JHRPHGLD´WKDWKDV EHHQXVHGLQFXUULFXOXPIRUJHRJUDSK\ *HRSLVWH SURGXFHV QHZ VROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV IRU VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQLQJHRJUDSK\DQGJHRVFLHQFHVRQWKHEDVLVRIUHFHQWUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQ ,WV GHYHORSPHQW DUHDV LQ WKH IXWXUH LQFOXGH H[SORLWLQJ FRPPXQDOO\ SURGXFHG JHRJUDSKLFGDWDDQGLQIRUPDWLRQLQWHDFKLQJ HJXVLQJ2SHQ6WUHHW0DSFKDUWLQJ DVDSDUWRIJHRJUDSK\HGXFDWLRQRUGRLQJUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVWKDWXVHWKHYLVLWLQJ FODVV¶PXWXDOO\FROOHFWHGPRELOHJHRJUDSKLFGDWDDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ DQGRSHUDWLQJ PRGHOVLQRUGHUWRFDUU\RXWDFRPPXQDO³LQÀXHQFLQJSURMHFW´LQWKHLPPHGLDWH VXUURXQGLQJVRIWKHVFKRRO*HRSLVWHGHYHORSVWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIXVLQJUHPRWHVHQVLQJ GDWDDFTXLUHGIURPGURQHVZLWKFDPHUDVLQWKHVFKRROIDFLOLWLHV *HRSLVWHSHUIRPVEURDGQDWLRQDODQGHYHQPRUHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQ,W FRRSHUDWHVZLWKWKH0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG&XOWXUH¶V$DNHSURMHFWWKDWGHYHORSV WKHWUDLQLQJRIJHRJUDSK\WHDFKHUV SURIHVVLRQDOJURZWKRIDVXEMHFWWHDFKHUDQG GHYHORSPHQWRINQRZOHGJHRIVXEMHFWGLGDFWLFVRQWKH¿HOGRIQDWXUDOVFLHQFHV DQG ZLWK6LWUD¶V³7HDFKLQJRIFLUFXODUHFRQRP\WRDOOVFKRROOHYHOV´SURMHFW VXESURMHFW RI 7LODSLRQHHULW ,Q LQVHUYLFH WUDLQLQJ FRRSHUDWLRQ KDV EHHQ FDUULHG RXW ZLWK %02/ WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ IRU ELRORJ\ DQG JHRJUDSK\ WHDFKHUV $ PDS GUDZLQJ FRPSHWLWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKLVRUJDQL]HGELDQQXDOO\LQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK WKH&DUWRJUDSKLF6RFLHW\RI)LQODQG,WFRRSHUDWHVZLWKWKH$GPLVVLRQ6HUYLFHVRI WKHXQLYHUVLW\LQUHFUXLWLQJWKHLQVWUXFWRUVWKDWRUJDQL]HYLVLWV7KHRSHUDWLRQVRI *HRSLVWHDUHGHYHORSHGEDVHGRQUHVHDUFKDQGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDOLJQPHQWVRIWKH 6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH 4.5 ChemistryLab Gadolin – Science Education in Chemistry 7KHROGHVW/80$ODE&KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQZDVRSHQHGLQLQWKH'HSDUWPHQW RI&KHPLVWU\DWWKH.XPSXODVFLHQFHFDPSXV,WLVDPRGHUQOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQW ZKHUH QHZ VROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV IRU WHDFKLQJ FKHPLVWU\ DQG DSSOLHGFKHPLVWU\DUHGHYHORSHGDQGLPSOHPHQWHGIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQ WRXQLYHUVLW\OHYHOHGXFDWLRQ,WVPDLQSXUSRVHVDUHWRLQVSLUHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWK WRZDUGVVWXG\LQJFKHPLVWU\DQGLWV¿HOGDQGWRLQFUHDVHKREE\LVPRIFKHPLVWU\ WKURXJKWKHXVHRIQHZDQGHQFRXUDJLQJLQTXLU\EDVHGH[SHULPHQWVFRPSXWHU PRGHOOLQJDQGPHHWLQJVZLWKVSHFLDOLVWV 41 /80$ODEVIRUVFKRROVDVHQYLURQPHQWVIRUOHDUQLQJUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW &KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQLVDSRSXODUDQGDXWKHQWLFHQYLURQPHQWIRUVWXG\LQJ FKHPLVWU\$OOLQDOORYHUFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKVKDYHYLVLWHGWKHODERYHUWKH SDVWWHQ\HDUV7KURXJKDFWLYHVWXG\YLVLWVLQWRWDOVWXGHQWVDQGWHDFKHUV KDYH H[SORUHG QHZ VROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV 51 $NVHOD0 3HUQDD- Arkipäivän kemia, kokeellisuus ja työturvallisuus kemian opetuksessa perusopetuksesta korkeakouluihin: IV Valtakunnalliset kemian opetuksen päivät. Helsinki: Kemian opetuksen keskus, s. 40–49. 52 KWWS ZZZKHOVLQNLILHQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUWHDFKHUVJURXSYLVLWVWRVFLHQFHODEVFKHPLVWU\ODE gadolin 42 Figure 17. ChemistryLab Gadolin is Finland’s oldest LUMA lab that operates at the university and is a popular place for national and international visits. It was established in 2008 in cooperation with the private sector. Gadolin received a Global Best Award recognition in 2014. One of Gadolin’s focus areas for research and development is sustainable development in teaching, including the use of new forms of energy and materials in the teaching of chemistry. Pictured is the hydrogen car activity53 that has been developed to inspire children learning chemistry. It is applied to many learning environments (Picture: Sofie Jokinen) $PRGHUQVFLHQFHODEDFWVDVDUHVHDUFKHQYLURQPHQWIRUWKHOHDUQLQJDQGWHDFKLQJRI FKHPLVWU\'R]HQVRIWKHVHVDQGSXEOLFDWLRQV54KDYHDOUHDG\EHHQZULWWHQFRQFHUQLQJ WKHRSHUDWLRQVRI*DGROLQDQGWKHUHLVSOHQW\RIRQJRLQJUHVHDUFKEHLQJSHUIRUPHGDV ZHOO*DGROLQFRRSHUDWHVFORVHO\ZLWKWKH8QLWRI&KHPLVWU\7HDFKHU(GXFDWLRQ¶VSUH VHUYLFHWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ DSDUWRIWKHQHZDegree Program for Subject Teachers in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry DQGZLWKLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJRIFKHPLVWU\ WHDFKHUV6LQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHLUVWXGLHVVWXGHQWVLQWKHSURJUDPJHWWRNQRZ FKHPLVWU\E\WHDFKLQJFKLOGUHQJHWWLQJWRNQRZWHDFKHUVDQGRWKHUVSHFLDOLVWVDQG WRFROODERUDWHZLWKGLɣHUHQWSDUWQHUV$YDULHW\RIPHWKRGVKDYHEHHQGRFXPHQWHG WRLQVSLUHVWXGHQWVWREHFRPHFKHPLVWU\WHDFKHUVLQFUHDVHWKHLUVNLOOVLQFKHPLVWU\ DQGDXJPHQWGLɣHUHQWSHGDJRJLFDOVNLOOV55. $WWKH&KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKHUHVHDUFKHUVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ DQGWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU HJFKHPLFDOLQGXVWU\ LVDFWLYH&ROODERUDWLYHGHVLJQEDVHG 53 $NVHOD0 %RVWU|P0 6XSSRUWLQJ6WXGHQWV¶,QWHUHVWWKURXJK,QTXLU\%DVHG/HDUQLQJLQWKH &RQWH[WRI)XHO&HOOVMevlana International Journal of Education, 2, 3, s. 53–61. 54 7KHVHVDQGDFWLYLWLHV KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVWXWNLPXVRSLQQD\WHWRLWD 55 $NVHOD 0 &KHPLVWU\/DE *DGROLQ DV D 5HOHYDQW /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQW IRU /LIHORQJ /HDUQLQJ (6(5$KWWS NH\QRWHFRQIHUHQFHVHUYLFHVQHWUHVRXUFHVSGI(6(5$BBSDSHUSGI 43 /80$ODEVIRUVFKRROVDVHQYLURQPHQWVIRUOHDUQLQJUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW UHVHDUFK VHHFKDSWHU KDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWZLWKFRPSDQLHVDQGVLJQL¿FDQW LQTXLU\EDVHGZRUNWKDWLQVSLUHV\RXWKKDVEHHQGHYHORSHG$QH[DPSOHRIWKLV LVDGRFWRUDOGLVVHUWDWLRQ³Meaningful design-based research of a non-formal learning environment of chemistry in cooperation with the working life” (2017)56. 7KHEURDGRSHUDWLRQVDUHHQDEOHGE\WKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGVXSSRUWDQGUHVRXUFHV JLYHQIURPWKHFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV*DGROLQ¶VLPSRUWDQWFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVLQ WKHSULYDWHVHFWRUDUH1HVWH2\M WKHPDLQVSRQVRU &KHPLFDO,QGXVWU\)HGHUDWLRQ RI )LQODQG $JD 2\ %RUHDOLV 3RO\PHUV 2\ .HPLUD 2\M 830 2\M %$6) 2\ %UXNHU&RUSRUDWLRQ9:5,QWHUQDWLRQDO2\/DVNHQWDYlOLQH2\)LQQLVK&KHPLFDO 0DJD]LQH.HPLD 0)LQODQG2\0LOOLRW6FLHQFH2\0HWURKP1RUGLF2\,V 9HW2\DQG7KHUPR)LVFKHU6FLHQWL¿F2\,QDGGLWLRQWKHUHDUHDOVRLPSRUWDQW UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPWKH)LQQLVK1DWLRQDO$JHQF\IRU(GXFDWLRQUHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IURP GLɣHUHQW VFKRRO OHYHOV DOVR IURP YRFDWLRQDO VFKRROV DQG UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RIRUJDQL]DWLRQV*DGROLQKDVDOVRFROODERUDWHGZLWKWKH)DFXOW\RI3KDUPDF\LQ UHVHDUFKLQJDQGGHYHORSLQJQHZLQTXLU\EDVHGZRUNPDLQO\LQWKHIRUPRIWKHVLV $VWHHULQJJURXSZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPGLɣHUHQWFRRSHUDWLRQ SDUWQHUVVXSSRUWVWKH&KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQ:HORRNIRUZDUGWRZRUNLQJZLWK QHZFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV 4.6 Linkki – Science Education in Computer Science 6FLHQFH/DE/LQNNLZDVRSHQHGLQDWWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH DW.XPSXODFDPSXV,WSURGXFHVQHZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVIRU VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH7KHIROORZLQJGHVFULEHV/LQNNLWKURXJKLWV HVWDEOLVKPHQWLWVDLPVDQGLQQRYDWLYHH[DPSOHVRILWVGLYHUVHRSHUDWLRQV 56 ,NlYDONR 90 0LHOHNNllQ NHPLDQ QRQIRUPDDOLQ RSSLPLV\PSlULVW|Q NHKLWWlPLVWXWNLPXV \KWHLVW\|VVlW\|HOlPlQNDQVVD+HOVLQNL +HOVLQJLQ\OLRSLVWRKWWS XUQ¿851 ,6%1 44 Figure 18. Linkki is one of Finland’s leading operators specializing in science education in computer science. One of the aims of Linkki’s diverse science education program is developing interest in programming in girls. Pictured above are some participants in Linkki’s Create Your Own Virtual Pet –summer camp. 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Math Lab Summamutikka as one of LUMA labs is Finland’s only lab that operates at the university and that specializes in science education in mathematics. This is a place, where memorable moments are made, e.g. in science camps, among new solutions and pedagogical innovations and their development. Various researches and theses have been made on the topic of science education in mathematics, for example the innovative Pulmaario project (see chapter 6 for more information). In the picture, the participants of the camp have a question to be answered: What kinds of skyscrapers would implement the condition of the exercise? (Picture: Anni Jyrinsalo, Anne Kivistö and Noora Nuutinen) 1HZVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVDUHSURGXFHGIRUWKHVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRI mathematics at Summamutikka. Its purpose is to support and promote the teaching DQGOHDUQLQJRIPDWKDQGWKHKREE\LVPRIPDWKIRUDOO7KHPDLQFRQFHSWLVWKDW HYHU\RQHFRXOGIHHOWKDWWKH\DUHJRRGLQPDWKDQGWRRɣHUSRVLWLYHH[SHULHQFHV ZLWKPDWK7KHDLPLVDOVRWRVKRZWKDWPDWKHPDWLFVFDQEHDQGLVDORWRIIXQ,Q WKHIXWXUHQHZDFWLYLWLHVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVDUHDLPHGDWEHLQJGHYHORSHG DWWKHPDWKODEHJRQWKHDUHDVRI DSSOLFDWLRQVLQPDWKDQGVWDWLVWLFVDQGRQ WKHRWKHUKDQGWKHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQPDWKDQGDUWV6XPPDPXWLNNDLVLQFORVH FRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKHQHZ Degree Program for Subject Teachers in Mathematics, Physics and ChemistryDQGLQLWVUHVHDUFK9DULRXVWKHVHVDUHPDGHIURPWKHPHV connected to the math lab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¶VHTXLSPHQWDQGWKHQUHSRUWLQJDQGJLYLQJIHHGEDFNRQWKHWHVWHGLWHPV In-service training sessions and other events aimed at teachers, have been RUJDQL]HGLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKH9DUJD1HPpQ\LRUJDQL]DWLRQDVZHOODVZLWK 0DWLNNDPDD LQ (VSRR DQG +HOVLQNL $FWLYLWLHV IRU FKLOGUHQ DQG \RXWK VXFK DV FOXEVDQGFRPSHWLWLRQVKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGWRJHWKHUZLWKWKH+HOPHWQHWZRUN LQWKH+HOVLQNL0HWURSROLWDQ$UHD6WDWLVWLFV)LQODQGDQGZLWKWKHWUDLQLQJXQLWRI WKH)LQQLVK0DWKHPDWLFDO6RFLHW\,QDGGLWLRQ6XPPDPXWLNNDKDVSDUWLFLSDWHG LQRUJDQL]LQJYDULRXVHYHQWVIRUH[DPSOHWKH³1LJKWRI0DWKHPDWLFV´HYHQWWKDW ZDVRUJDQL]HGWZRWLPHVGXULQJ±LQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKH6FLHQFH&HQWUH Heureka. 7KH0DWK/DE6XPPDPXWLNNDRɣHUVYHUVDWLOHDFWLYLWLHVWKDWDUHSRSXODU'XULQJ ±RYHUXQLYHUVLW\YLVLWVKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGLQ6XPPDPXWLNND,Q WRWDOFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRWKHVHFRQGDU\ OHYHOKDYHYLVLWHG7KHSRSXODULW\RIWKHYLVLWVKDVLQFUHDVHGZLWKHYHU\\HDUDQGLQ 2017, 53 school groups, meaning 1326 students visited the math lab. In addition WRWKHXQLYHUVLW\YLVLWVWKRXVDQGVRIFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKKDYHEHHQWDNLQJSDUW LQ 6XPPDPXWLNND LQ WKH IRUPV RI FOXEV FDPSV DQG 0DWK 'D\V )RU H[DPSOH LQ6XPPDPXWLNNDYLVLWHGGLɣHUHQWVFKRROVLQRUGHUWRRUJDQL]HFOXEVDQG 0DWKHPDWLFDO'D\V$URXQGFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHVHHYHQWV 6XPPDPXWLNND LV DOVR SRSXODU IRU ERWK LQWHUQDWLRQDO DQG QDWLRQDO YLVLWV VHH 3LFWXUHLQWKH)RUHZRUGVHFWLRQ 69 KWWS EORJVKHOVLQNL¿VXPPDPXWLNND 70 Karjalainen, E. (2017). Kehittämistutkimus: Virtuaalinen matematiikkakerho. KWWSV KHOGDKHOVLQNL¿KDQGOH 71 5LVWLOXRPD0 Murtolukujen opetus toiminnallisesti – opetuskokeilu peltipizzamallilla. 72 5lVlQHQ-6XPX97XRPLQHQ-.DXNRQLHPL+ 7HUULKDXWD3 3XOPDDULR±PDWHPDWLLNNDD MDRKMHOPRLQWLD 2KMDDMDQRSDV+HOVLQNL +HOVLQJLQNDXSXQJLQNLUMDVWRKWWS SXOPDDULROXPD¿ 73 6DDULQHQ3 6LPRQVVRQ0 Toiminnallisen matematiikan reseptivihko+HOVLQNL 8QLJUD¿D 74 %M|UNOXQG-/HKWR63DVDQHQ6 9LOMDQHQ0 Sukkia ja muuta matematiikkaa. Helsinki: 0).$.XVWDQQXV2\ 50 5. NEW APPROACHES OF SCIENCE EDUCATION FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TO UNIVERSITIES 7KLVFKDSWHUORRNVDWZKDWNLQGVRIDSSURDFKHVVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRSHUDWLRQVRIWKH &HQWUHKDYHEURXJKWLQWRWHDFKLQJIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRWKHXQLYHUVLW\ OHYHOWKURXJKGLYHUVHFRRSHUDWLRQKHUHHVSHFLDOO\LQWRWHDFKLQJDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI +HOVLQNL7KHRSHUDWLRQVHQDEOHWKHSRVVLELOLW\IRUIXWXUHUHVHDUFKHUVDQGVSHFLDOLVWV WROHDUQIRUH[DPSOHZKLOHLQVWUXFWLQJIXQFWLRQDOYLVLWVRUVFLHQFHDGYHQWXUHVRUWKHQ WKURXJKH[HUFLVHVIRUSUDFWLFLQJ ³OHDUQLQJZKLOHWHDFKLQJ´ WRGHYHORSVNLOOVLQ LQWHUDFWLRQDQGWRLQVSLUHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKWRZDUGVVFLHQFH DFWDVDPEDVVDGRUV RIVFLHQFH ,WLVSRVVLEOHWKDWWKHIXWXUHVFLHQWLVWVJHWQHZLGHDVDQGYLHZSRLQWV LQWRWKHLUUHVHDUFKLQLQWHUDFWLRQWKURXJKFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKV¶TXHVWLRQVDQGD SRVVLELOLW\WRFDUU\RXWSRSXODUL]DWLRQRIWKHLURZQUHVHDUFK 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHRɣHUVQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUSUHVHUYLFHWHDFKHU HGXFDWLRQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK GLɣHUHQW OHYHO WHDFKHUV DQG FRRSHUDWLRQ SDUWQHUV FDUU\LQJ RXW FXUUHQW UHVHDUFK DQG VSUHDGLQJ LW RXW DQG WR EH DEOH WR GHYHORS WKURXJKLQWHUDFWLRQDQGWRLPSOHPHQWWHDFKHUV¶LQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJLQQHZZD\V IRUH[DPSOHYLUWXDOO\1HZPRGHOVDUHGHYHORSHGLQWKHRSHUDWLRQVDQGLQWKHVH models, student teachers that are completing their basic training and teachers in VFKRROVWXG\WRJHWKHURUWKH\VWXG\WRJHWKHUZLWKVWXGHQWV LQXSSHUVHFRQGDU\ VFKRRO UHVHDUFKHUVRURWKHUVSHFLDOLVWVLQWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU HJLQGXVWU\ $WWKH VDPHWLPHWKH\DUHDEOHWROHDUQLQJRRGLQWHUDFWLRQ 5.1 General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ɣHUHQW¿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ɣHUHQW¿HOGVRIVFLHQFH DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ ,QDQXPEHURIFRXUVHVIRUSUHVHUYLFHWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQLQGLɣHUHQWIDFXOWLHV DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLQRQIRUPDO WDUJHWRULHQWHG VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLVD SDUWRIPHDQLQJIXOWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ VHHQHZFRXUVHVLQFKDSWHU 'LɣHUHQW IRUPVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ VHH¿JXUHLQPRUHGHWDLO LQVSLUHWRZDUGVLPSRUWDQW WHDFKLQJLQGLɣHUHQWOHYHOVDQGOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJDVZHOODVFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKGLɣHUHQW SDUWQHUVLQIXWXUHZRUN(VSHFLDOO\WKHLUVLJQL¿FDQFHEHIRUHWKHYLWDOSDUWRISUH service teacher education, teaching practice, has been observed as an inspiring H[SHULHQFH,WVWUHQJWKHQVWHDFKHUV¶RULHQWDWLRQDQGLGHQWLW\LQVWXGLHVDQGZRUN Figure 20. The activities of the Science Education Centre offer excellent possibilities for all students in every faculty at the University of Helsinki in gaining inspiring experience from non-formal teaching in different fields of science. The learning environments of the Science Education Centre create new possibilities in inspiring learning already during basic teacher training. As a part of their education, students training to be teachers learn together with children, youth and the entire families while they instruct science education activities and when they reflect on theory by completing various exercises. A virtual online science education course (MOOC course, see chapter 5.4.2) gives good, theoretical and practical advice for their implementation. 52 ,QPDQ\IDFXOWLHVWKHUHDUHFRXUVHVVXFKDV³2ULHQWDWLRQLQWHDFKLQJ´IRUVWXGHQWV ZKHUHWKHGLɣHUHQWIRUPVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDUHSUHVHQW VHH ¿JXUH DQG WKH\FRRSHUDWHZLWKGLɣHUHQWFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV VHHWKHIROORZLQJFKDSWHUVIRU PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ )RU H[DPSOH Me, a Teacher? orientation course has EHHQRUJDQL]HGIRUHYHU\RQHZKRKDYHWKRXJKWRIEHFRPLQJWHDFKHUV,WKDVEHHQ RUJDQL]HGfor the students at the Faculty of ArtsIRUDFRXSOHRI\HDUV,QWKLV FRXUVHVWXGHQWVRIODQJXDJHVOLWHUDWXUHKLVWRU\SKLORVRSK\DQGUHOLJLRXVVFLHQFH KDYHH[SORUHGWHDFKHU¶VSURIHVVLRQDOLGHQWLW\DQGWKHYDULHW\RIZRUNWDVNVE\YLVLWLQJ DVFKRROOLVWHQLQJWROHFWXUHVRIYLVLWRUVIURPGLɣHUHQW¿HOGVGRLQJSURMHFWVLQVPDOO JURXSVDQGE\LQWHUYLHZLQJDWHDFKHU,QWKHVSULQJRI³0HD7HDFKHU"´FRXUVH LVJRLQJWREHRUJDQL]HGIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK0H 0\&LW\7KH VWXGHQWVJHWWRJRWRWKHIDFLOLWLHVRI0H 0\&LW\DQGWRLQVWUXFWthJUDGHUVZKLFK JLYHVWKHPH[SHULHQFHLQLQWHUDFWLRQVLWXDWLRQVDQGLQLQVWUXFWLRQLQDQRQIRUPDO learning environment. 7KHUHLVDOVRDFRXUVHRQ³2ULHQWDWLRQLQWRWHDFKLQJ´LQthe subject teacher training of mathematics, physics and chemistryZKLFKKDVRɣHUHGQRQ IRUPDODFWLYLWLHVVLQFH,WKDVKDGDFWLYLWLHVVXFKDVDFWLQJDVDQLQVWUXFWRULQ .VHQRQLWVFLHQFHGD\IRUIDPLOLHV ODWHUNQRZQDV-LSSRVFLHQFHGD\IRUIDPLOLHV RULQVWUXFWLQJDQHYHQWLQVFKRROYLVLWLQJDVFKRRODQGFDUU\LQJRXWDVPDOOFDVH VWXG\DVDSDUWRIWKHRU\WDXJKWLQWKHFRXUVH6HHWKHIROORZLQJFKDSWHUVIRUPRUH LQIRUPDWLRQRQRWKHUPHWKRGV The in-service training operationsRIWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHKDYH EHHQYHUVDWLOHVLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHRSHUDWLRQV7KHUROHRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\KHUH LVWRVSUHDGQHZHVWUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQDQGQHZVROXWLRQVDVZHOODVSHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQVWRWKHWHDFKHUVLQGLɣHUHQWIRUPV7KHWUDLQLQJSURPRWHVWHDFKHUV¶ OLIHORQJ OHDUQLQJ DQG LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HOVLQNL DQG GLɣHUHQW FRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV7KH&HQWUHSURPRWHVFRRUGLQDWHVDQGLPSOHPHQWVUHVHDUFK WKDWVXSSRUWVWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJDQGLQFUHDVHVWHDFKHUV¶H[SHUWLVH)RUH[DPSOHLQ VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDWWKH)DFXOW\RI$UWVYDULRXVLQVSLULQJFRXUVHVIRULQVHUYLFH WUDLQLQJKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HG75,767KH&HQWUHDOVRLQIRUPVDERXWHYHQWVSKHQRPHQD and research connected to teachers and teaching. In a strong interaction, both parties learn and their science competences are increased. Popular, international in-service training has been carried out and is going WREHFDUULHGRXWHYHQPRUHLQWKHQHDUIXWXUHZLWKFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVERWKLQ )LQODQGDVZHOODVDEURDG)RUH[DPSOHZHKDYHFROODERUDWHGZLWK&KLQDZKRKDV RUJDQL]HGERWKLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQVDQGOHFWXUHVIRUWHDFKHUVDQGLQVWUXFWRUV RIWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJ 75 +XKWDOD$ 9HVDODLQHQ0 &KDOOHQJHVLQGHYHORSLQJLQVHUYLFHWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJ /HVVRQVOHDUQW IURPWZRSURMHFWVIRUWHDFKHUVRI6ZHGLVKLQ)LQODQGApples – Journal of Applied Language Studies: Special LVVXHRQ&R'HVLJQV (QYLVLRQLQJPXOWLVLWHGODQJXDJHHGXFDWLRQSROLFLHV ± 76 +XKWDOD$ 9HVDODLQHQ0 $YDLPLDRQQLVWXQHHVHHQNLHOWHQRSHWWDMLHQWl\GHQQ\VNRXOXWXNVHHQ Ammattikasvatuksen aikakauskirja. 19, 4/2017, 62–69 53 1HZDSSURDFKHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV Figure 21. Teachers’ in-service training has been carried out during the previous years in China with different cooperation partners. (Picture: Jing Ping Xia) 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLSDUWLFLSDWHVDFWLYHO\LQ developing national teacher educationDQGLVDOVRLQGLYHUVHLQWHUDFWLRQZLWK WHDFKHUV'XULQJSUHYLRXV\HDUVLWKDVEHHQDSDUWRIWKHQDWLRQDO7HDFKHU(GXFDWLRQ Forum77DVZHOODVDSDUWRIQDWLRQDO/80$IRUXPIRUWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUVRI/80$ subjects78,WKDVDOVREHHQSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQRUJDQL]LQJWKHQDWLRQDO/80$'D\V IRUWHDFKHUVDQGQDWLRQDO/80$:HHNIRUDOOVLQFH,QDGGLWLRQDQXPEHU RI'D\VIRUVSHFL¿F¿HOGVRIVFLHQFHKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGIRUH[DPSOHDFRXSOHRI 0DWK7HDFKLQJ'D\VDQGDERXW&KHPLVWU\7HDFKLQJ'D\V79LQZKLFKHGXFDWLRQ LQXQLYHUVLWLHVKDVEHHQDWRSLF7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLVWREHDEOHWRZRUNLQFORVHLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKWHDFKHUV HVSHFLDOO\WKHWHDFKHUDOXPQLDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLDQGWROHDUQLQLQWHUDFWLRQ 77 KWWS PLQHGX¿RSHWWDMDQNRXOXWXVIRRUXPL 78 KWWS ZZZOXPD¿NHVNXVNDQVDOOLQHQOXPDDLQHLGHQRSHWWDMDQNRXOXWXNVHQIRRUXPL 79 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVNHPLDQRSHWXNVHQSDLYLHQNLUMDWYHUNNRMXONDLVXW 54 Figure 22. The national LUMA Days that are organized once a year in different universities, offer a good learning and meeting forum both nationally and internationally for teachers, teacher educators, researchers, future teachers and cooperation partners. In these forums it is possible to spread new solutions and pedagogical innovations and to start new openings based on recent research information and a demand. Several LUMA Days have been organized at the University of Helsinki since 2004. At the same time there is also an International LUMAT Symposium taking place. Yearly, tens of teachers and researchers from different countries participate in the LUMA Days and the LUMAT Symposium. 5.2 New Models for Collaborative Learning in the University Level 1HZPRGHOVIRUFROODERUDWLYHHGXFDWLRQIRUWHDFKLQJLQWKHXQLYHUVLW\OHYHODUH GHYHORSHGLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRIWKH&HQWUH)RUH[DPSOHScience adventures WKDWDUHDOVRNQRZQDVOHDUQLQJDGYHQWXUHV LVDQLQVSLULQJRSHUDWLQJPRGHOERWKIRU IXWXUHWHDFKHUVDQGVWXGHQWVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\1RQIRUPDOOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV ±/80$ODEVFOXEVDQGFDPSV±RSHQQHZSRVVLELOLWLHVLQPHDQLQJIXOVWXG\LQJ DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\OHYHO 55 1HZDSSURDFKHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV Figure 23. A mutually organized This works! event has been an example of how different operators (future teachers, teachers working in the field, teacher training instructors at the university and specialists in the private sector) have the possibility of learning together and to share joy of learning (Picture: University of Helsinki Science Education Centre) 5.2.1 Science Adventures – Inspiring Learning Outside the University 6FLHQFHDGYHQWXUHV WKDWDUHDOVRNQRZQDVOHDUQLQJDGYHQWXUHV KDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HG IRUTXLWHDZKLOHERWKLQVXEMHFWWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQRI0DWKHPDWLFVDQGLQWKH)DFXOW\ RI$UWV,QWKHIROORZLQJSDUWERWKPRGHOVDUHEHLQJGHVFULEHG,QWKHIXWXUHWKH 6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHRUJDQL]HVVFLHQFHDGYHQWXUHVLQDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ZD\ RQWKHWKHPHVRIWKHWKHPDWLFIRFXVDUHDVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ DQGLQDOLJQHG ZD\VRIFRPSOHPHQWDWLRQLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKEDVLFWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ SUHVHUYLFH education) (see chapter 1.3). In teacher education in the Faculty of ArtsOHDUQLQJHYHQWVIRUSULPDU\ VFKRRO VWXGHQWV WKDW DUH FDOOHG ³OHDUQLQJ DGYHQWXUHV´ KDYH EHHQRUJDQL]HGIRU DORQJWLPH7KHDGYHQWXUHVWKDWKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGDQGRUJDQL]HGE\VXEMHFW teacher students, have inspired children about humanities and taught skills needed LQWKLQNLQJDQGFRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQ7KLVVXSSRUWVVWXGHQWVWKDWRUJDQL]HWKHPWR JURZLQWRWHDFKHUV WKH\JHWSUDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFHRILQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\WKLQJVDQGRI LQVWUXFWLQJSXSLOVLQQRQIRUPDOOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV:KLOHRUJDQL]LQJWKHVH DGYHQWXUHVVWXGHQWVKDYHGHYHORSHGWKHLULQWHUDFWLRQVNLOOVLQDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ FROODERUDWLRQDQGWKH\KDYHUHFHLYHGSUDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFHRIGHVLJQLQJDFWLYLWLHV DQGLQVWUXFWLQJFKLOGUHQ2UJDQL]LQJOHDUQLQJDGYHQWXUHVLQWKHIRUPRIDFRXUVH KDVVXSSRUWHGWKHJURZLQJRIVWXGHQWVLQWRWHDFKHUV 56 Figure 24. Science adventures in schools are an inspiring way to carry out teacher education. The instructors of the learning adventure – the future teachers in humanities, can be seen in the picture. (Picture: Mika Federley) In the learning adventure model, a school class is divided into smaller groups, in ZKLFKFKLOGUHQJRDURXQGIURPVWDWLRQWRVWDWLRQDQGFRPSOHWHDVVLJQPHQWVWKDW DUHFRQQHFWHGWRDWKHPHRUDVWRU\DQGZKLOHWKH\DUHGRLQJWKLVWKH\OHDUQQHZ WKLQJV(DFKOHDUQLQJDGYHQWXUHKDVDVSHFL¿FWKHPH IRUH[DPSOHRQWKHth $QQLYHUVDU\RIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLLQDQDGYHQWXUHZDVRUJDQL]HGZLWK DWKHPH³DQHZZRUOGYLHZ´,QWKLVDGYHQWXUHth to 6thJUDGHUVVROYHGDP\VWHU\ FDOOHGWKH$JHQWIROORZLQJWKHSULQFLSOHVRIJDPL¿FDWLRQDQGLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\ 7KHVXEMHFWWHDFKHUVWXGHQWVGHVFULEHGWKHH[HFXWLRQRIWKHOHDUQLQJDGYHQWXUHLQ a blog80. Mathematical science adventures, the so called Math Days DUHRUJDQL]HGLQ VFKRROIDFLOLWLHVDVDSDUWRIDVFKRROGD\8QLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVZKRXVXDOO\VWXG\WR EHWHDFKHUVLQPDWKLQVWUXFWWKHVH0DWK'D\V7KLVKDVEHHQDSDUWRIPDWKWHDFKHU HGXFDWLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLIRUDORQJWLPH6WXGHQWVKDYHGHVLJQHGDQG 80 KWWS EORJVKHOVLQNL¿XPDRSSLPLVVHLNNDLOXHWXVLYX 57 1HZDSSURDFKHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV FDUULHGRXWWKHVH'D\VDVSDUWRIWKHLUVWXGLHVHJDVDSDUWRIFRXUVHVIRUVWXGHQWV VWXG\LQJRQWKHWHDFKHUOLQHRUSDUWRIZRUNSUDFWLFH ,QWKHPRGHOIRU0DWK'D\VWZRXQLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVSUHSDUHDZRUNVKRSIRU GLɣHUHQWVFKRROOHYHOV'LɣHUHQWVFKRROJURXSVFDQYLVLWWKHZRUNVKRSGXULQJWKH GD\+DQGVRQDFWLYLWLHVDUHSHUIRUPHGLQWKHPDWKZRUNVKRSDQGWKHWKHPHIRU WKHZRUNVKRSFDQEHDWKHPHSLFNHGXSIURPWKHFXUULFXOXPRUWKHQDWKHPHWKDW is not included in the school curriculum. Figure 25. Hands-on, creativity and independent work are important in Math Days. The students get more experience from teaching and working with children. For some students, this event is their first experience of working with children. At the same time students get to know hands-on mathematics and get new ideas for their work as future teachers. 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ZZZKHOVLQNLILILRKMHOPDWNDQGLPDWHPDWLLNDQI\VLLNDQMDNHPLDQRSHWWDMDQNDQGLMD maisteriohjelma/opiskelu/opintosuunnat/kemian-opinnot 88 $NVHOD0 0LNNROD. .XLQNDOXRQQRQWLHWHLWlYRLVLRSHWWDDODSVLOOHPXNDYDOODMDPRWLYRLYDOOD WDYDOOD" 7LHGHNHUKRWRLPLQWDLQQRLWWDMDQDOXRNDQRSHWWDMLHQSHUXVNRXOXWXNVHVVDJulkaisussa: Didacta Varia. 4(2). 17–48 60 ,QWHUQDWLRQDOVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDVDSDUWRIWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQZLOOEHVWUHQJWKHQHG LQWKHQHDUIXWXUH*RRGH[SHULHQFHRIDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWKDV EHHQDFKLHYHGZLWKDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOVFLHQFHFDPS 0LOOHQQLXP 5.2.4 New Courses in Cooperation 1HZ FRXUVHV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG LQ VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ RI WKH &HQWUH WRJHWKHU ZLWKGLɣHUHQWFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUV)RUH[DPSOHWKHFRXUVHGlobal challenges GHVFULEHV WKH ZD\ RI KRZ WR LPSOHPHQW FROODERUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ EHWZHHQ IXWXUH VXEMHFW WHDFKHUV DQG VWXGHQWV RQ WKH XSSHU VHFRQGDU\ VFKRRO LumaLähetit (LUMA ambassadors) RSHUDWLRQV GHVFULEHV OHDUQLQJ WRJHWKHU ZLWK FKLOGUHQ VWXGHQWWHDFKHUVDQGVFKRROWHDFKHUV$QH[DPSOHRIWKHFRXUVH Mathematics and natural 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(ii) The Luma ambassadors operating model as a learning forum for future teachers The innovative Luma ambassadors project89 90 91 DSURMHFWRIWKHHDUOLHU/XP2 resource centre) has several goals: • WRGHYHORSFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQWKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGVFKRROV DUHDVRI GHYHORSPHQW LQTXLU\EDVHGOHDUQLQJLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\OHDUQLQJHQWLWLHVDQG team teaching) • WRGHYHORSWKHDELOLWLHVDQGPRWLYDWLRQRIWHDFKHUVDQGVWXGHQWWHDFKHUV LQFDUU\LQJRXWGLɣHUHQWWHDFKLQJHQWLWLHVWKDWH[SORLWYDULRXVDSSURDFKHV HTXLSPHQWDQGOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV 89 KWWSV WXKDWKHOVLQNL¿SRUWDO¿SURMHFWVOXPDODKHWLWHKH\WWD F FF HEEIID html. 90 KWWS VXRPLOXPD¿KDQNNHHWNRXOXWXNVHVWDNRXOXXQ 91 KWWSV WXKDWKHOVLQNL¿SRUWDO¿SURMHFWVOXPDODKHWLWHKH\WWD F FF HEEIID html 62 • WRGHYHORSDQGSURGXFHQHZLGHDVDQGPDWHULDOIRULQTXLU\EDVHGOHDUQLQJ • WRLQFUHDVHDELOLWLHVIRUFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQFROOHDJXHVDQGWHDPWHDFKLQJDQG WRIRUPDQHWZRUNLQWHDFKLQJ Figure 26. The course Global challenges is a perfect example of collaborative learning and close cooperation between different partners. 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LQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKDPXOWLSURIHVVLRQDOWHDPZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIWHDFKHUVWXGHQWV RI/80$VXEMHFWV GLɣHUHQWPDMRUV DVFKRRODQGDFRPSDQ\ZKLFKLVORFDWHG FORVHWRWKHVFKRRO7KHFROODERUDWLYHDQGLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\WHDFKLQJPDWHULDOKDV SDUWV EHIRUHWKHYLVLWGXULQJWKHYLVLWDQGDIWHUWKHYLVLW$Q\WHDFKHUFDQXVHWKH WHDFKLQJPDWHULDODVLWLVRUDSSO\SDUWVRILW Visits to companies near schools105QRWRQO\VDYHWLPHDQGUHVRXUFHVRIVFKRROV EXWDOVRPDNHLWSRVVLEOHWRVHHDQGH[SHULHQFHWKLQJVLQDQDXWKHQWLFHQYLURQPHQW ,QQHDUE\FRPSDQLHVLWLVSRVVLEOHWRKDYHGLVFXVVLRQVZLWKSURIHVVLRQDOVRQZK\ ZHQHHGFKHPLVWU\PDWKHPDWLFVDQGSK\VLFVLQWKHZRUNLQJOLIH([DPSOHVIURP HYHU\GD\OLIHLQVSLUHVWXGHQWVDQGWHDFKHUVWROHDUQDQGDOVRJLYHLQIRUPDWLRQRQ VRFLHW\DQGGLɣHUHQWSURIHVVLRQV (iv) StarT Ambassadors as Science Educators ,QWKH6WDU7DPEDVVDGRUDFWLRQPRGHOWKHDLPLVWROHDUQWRJHWKHUE\FDUU\LQJRXW LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\SURMHFWV$FFRUGLQJWRSUHYLRXVUHVHDUFKSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJLVD PHDQLQJIXOZD\RIOHDUQLQJPDWKHPDWLFVQDWXUDOVFLHQFHVDQGWHFKQRORJ\WRJHWKHU 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Long-term (1–3 years), hands-on training projects, during which the trainees are in active interaction between each other and the specialists of the university. 2. Courses for pre-service teacher education at the university, in which also teachers at the field can take part in (the courses are carried out so that there is a contact teaching part and an online part). 3. Interactive courses that are done completely online e.g. Massive Open Online Courses or MOOCs. 4. Working in a StarT learning environment, or carrying out learning projects (that follow the concept of StarT) in own teaching, sharing of own ideas and achievements and reflecting on them in communal StarT events and online both nationally and internationally. 5. StarT ambassadors and LUMA ambassadors (university students) are on the spot in different level learning communities to help teachers and to give them new ideas and models from the university, for example the LUMA ambassador project. 6. When bringing their teaching groups for a science lab visit, teachers meet teacher students as well as other students and specialists of the university (networking), and when they observe the visits they get to know new ideas, materials and models and how to apply them. 7. Afternoon science clubs that take part in the facilities of a learning community, the teachers of the community can take part in them (although the future teacher students will be the ones who mainly instruct the children). 8. National LUMA Days and International LUMAT Symposiums (bulletin lectures, pedagogical cafes, workshops) as forums for sharing and networking, organized once a year. 9. Single, short workshops in the evening or weekends e.g. on a requested topic 10. Individual, live and therefore interactive specialist bulletin, or specialist bulletins that have been saved online (webinars), e.g. LUMA TV ,QFRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHWUDLQLQJIRUGLɣHUHQWOHYHOWHDFKHUV WKDWSURPRWHVWKHLUOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJKDVEHHQRUJDQL]HGDORQJWKH\HDUV,WKDV EHHQIXQGHGPDLQO\E\WKH)LQQLVK1DWLRQDO$JHQF\IRU(GXFDWLRQDQGWKH0DJQXV (KUQURRWK)RXQGDWLRQ7UDLQLQJKDVEHHQRUJDQL]HGLQGLɣHUHQWIRUPVDQGWKHVH KDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKLVFKDSWHU FKDSWHU 7KRXVDQGV 111 -XQWXQHQ0 +ROLVWLFDQG,QTXLU\%DVHG(GXFDWLRQIRU6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWLQ&KHPLVWU\ +HOVLQNL +HOVLQJLQ\OLRSLVWRKWWS XUQ¿851 ,6%1 112 7RPSHUL 3 .HKLWWlPLVWXWNLPXV 2SHWWDMDQ DPPDWLOOLVHQ NHKLWW\PLVHQ WXWNLPXVSHUXVWDLQHQ WXNHPLQHQNl\WWlHQ62/2WDNVRQRPLDD±HVLPHUNNLQlWXWNLPXNVHOOLQHQNRNHHOOLQHQNHPLDQRSHWXV+HOVLQNL +HOVLQJLQ\OLRSLVWRKWWS XUQ¿851 ,6%1 70 RI WHDFKHUV IURP GLɣHUHQW OHYHOV KDYH SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WUDLQLQJ 'HVFULSWLRQV RI WKHVHFDQEHIRXQGLQWKHDQQXDOUHSRUWV$IHZWUDLQLQJSURMHFWVWKDWLQVSLUHDQG VXSSRUWOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGLQWKHIROORZLQJSDUW WKHWUDLQLQJV are mentioned in alphabetical order). 5.3.1 Formative Assessment in Science Education 7KHIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQWWUDLQLQJPRGHOLVDJRRGH[DPSOHRIWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUV DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUZLWKVFKRROWHDFKHUVLQGHYHORSLQJQHZDQG PHDQLQJIXOVROXWLRQVDQGSHGDJRJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQVEDVHGRQWKHUHVHDUFKNQRZOHGJH DQGSRVLWLYHH[SHULHQFHVDQGVKDULQJWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKHFRPPXQLW\7KH WUDLQLQJPRGHOKDVEHHQIRUPHGEHFDXVHRIDQHHG QXPHURXVWHDFKHUVKDYHKDG WKHQHHGWRJHWQHZPHWKRGVLQRUGHUWRVXSSRUWOHDUQHUV¶OHDUQLQJSURFHVVLQD LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ZD\DQGWRVWUHQJWKHQVFLHQFHVNLOOV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGUHVHDUFKHUV DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\KDYHKDGWKHQHHGWRXQGHUVWDQGLQPRUHGHWDLOKRZWRVXSSRUW WKHOHDUQLQJRIFRQFHSWVDQGSKHQRPHQDZLWKWKHKHOSRIPHWKRGVRIIRUPDWLYH DVVHVVPHQW$OVRWKHPHWKRGRIDFWLRQUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQXVHGLQWKHPRGHO 7KLVQHZNLQGRILQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJPRGHOZDVODXQFKHGLQLQRUGHUWR¿QG QHZZD\VRIH[HFXWLRQDQGWHVWLQJIRUIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQW7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLV WUDLQLQJPRGHOKDVEHHQWRFROODERUDWLYHO\¿QGGLɣHUHQWNLQGVRIZD\VLQZKLFKWR VXSSRUWDVWXGHQW¶VOHDUQLQJWKURXJKIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQW7KHQHZ)LQQLVKFRUH FXUULFXODHVSHFLDOO\HPSKDVL]HVIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQWWRGLUHFWOHDUQLQJ,QWKLV PRGHOWKHWHDFKHUV¶UHTXHVWVDQGQHHGVDVZHOODVSUHYLRXVH[SHULHQFHVDQGJRRG PRGHOVKDYHEHHQWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQZKLOHFUHDWLQJWKHSURJUDPDQGLWV FRQWHQWV7KHWHDFKHUVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKLVSURMHFWEHFDXVHWKH\KDYHEHHQLQWHUHVWHG LQLWDQGWKH\DOVRKDYHRIWHQVSHQWWKHLUIUHHWLPHLQWKHSURMHFWPHHWLQJV ,QWKLVFROODERUDWLYHWUDLQLQJPRGHOFKHPLVWU\DQGSK\VLFVWHDFKHUVIURPORZHU DQGXSSHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQDVZHOODVYRFDWLRQDOVFKRROVDOODURXQG)LQODQGKDYH ¿UVWWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUVOHDUQHGWKHRU\RIIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQWDQG LWVRSSRUWXQLWLHVDOVRWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRI,&77KHQWKHWHDFKHUVLQWKHLUVFKRROVKDYH WHVWHGDQGGHYHORSHGIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQWZLWKWKHEHIRUHKDQGFKRVHQPHWKRGV ,QPXWXDOVHVVLRQVWKHWHDFKHUVKDYHSUHVHQWHGWKHLUH[SHULHQFHVWRHDFKRWKHU RQGLɣHUHQWPHWKRGVDQGWKHLUZD\VRILPSOHPHQWDWLRQ7KHUHVXOWVKDYHEHHQ FRPSULVHGE\XVLQJDQDFWLRQUHVHDUFKPHWKRGRQWKHUHVXOWV,QFROODERUDWLRQ HYHU\RQHOHDUQVIURPRQHDQRWKHUDOVRWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUV The results gathered in this in-service training model have been presented and ZLOOEHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHQDWLRQDO/80$'D\V$OVRDPXWXDOSXEOLFDWLRQZKHUH WKHEHVWSUDFWLFHVDUHVKDUHGLVJRLQJWREHSXEOLVKHGLQWKHQHDUIXWXUH$QDUWLFOH 71 1HZDSSURDFKHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV KDVEHHQZULWWHQRQWKHWRSLFLQDSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH)LQQLVK1DWLRQDO$JHQF\IRU (GXFDWLRQDERXWLQTXLU\EDVHGOHDUQLQJDQGSRVVLELOLWLHVRI,&7113 5.3.2 GeoGebra – Virtual Training *HR*HEUDWUDLQLQJLVDQH[DPSOHRIDJRRGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQPRGHORIYLUWXDOWUDLQLQJ on science education in mathematics. GeoGebraLVDSDUWRIWKH/80$),1/$1' GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDP¶V³0HDQLQJIXOPDWKHPDWLFV´SURMHFWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI +HOVLQNL WKHSURJUDPLVIXQGHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG&XOWXUH VHH chapter 3.2.1). :LWKLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJLQPDWKHPDWLFVLWKDVEHHQZLVKHGWRUHDFKDQHYHQ EURDGHUSDUWLFLSDQWJURXS7KHUHIRUHVXFKDWUDLQLQJKDVEHHQGHYHORSHGWKDWLV GRQHFRPSOHWHO\RQOLQHZKLFKWKHQPDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRSDUWLFLSDWHUHJDUGOHVVRI WKHWLPHDQGSODFH7KHWKHPHIRUDQRQOLQHWUDLQLQJKDVEHHQFKRVHQ,WLVDFXUUHQW and a popular theme in trainings that are based on contact teaching: the GeoGebra VRIWZDUHDQGXVLQJLWLQWHDFKLQJ 7KH¿UVW*HR*HEUDRQOLQHWUDLQLQJZDVRUJDQL]HGLQWKH6SULQJRI7KH VWUXFWXUHRIWKHWUDLQLQJDQGFRQWHQWVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGGXULQJWKH\HDUVE\ IHHGEDFNIURPWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVEXWWKHSXUSRVHKDVDOZD\VUHPDLQHGWKHVDPH 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHWUDLQLQJLVWRWHDFKWKHEDVLFIHDWXUHVRIWKH*HR*HEUDVRIWZDUH WRWKHSDUWLFLSDQWDQGWRRɣHUSOHQW\RISUDFWLFDODQGFRQFUHWHH[DPSOHVRIXVLQJ *HR*HEUDLQWHDFKLQJ7KHWUDLQLQJLVDLPHGIRUPDWKWHDFKHUVRISULPDU\DQG VHFRQGDU\VFKRROV 113 +HUUDQHQ - .ROMRQHQ 7 $NVHOD 0 7XWNLPXNVHOOLQHQ RSLVNHOX MD IRUPDWLLYLQHQ DUYLRLQWL luonnontieteissä. Arviointia toteuttamassa: näkökulmia monipuoliseen oppimisen arviointiin. Toimittaja: (LMD.DXSSLQHQ(UMD9LWLNND+HOVLQNL2SHWXVKDOOLWXV± 72 Figure 28. The themes of the math training vary from hands-on mathematics and from the essential mathematical concepts into using ICT in the teaching of math. In the hands-on math training, it is possible to explore different teaching and observing materials of math, and their usage (Picture: Rajka Kavonius) 5.3.3 An In-Service Training Project for Language Teaching $Q LQVHUYLFH WUDLQLQJ SURMHFW IRU ODQJXDJH WHDFKLQJ LV D JRRG H[DPSOH RI KRZ ODQJXDJHWHDFKHUVDUHVXSSRUWHGLQFXUUHQWFKDOOHQJHVLQODQJXDJHWHDFKLQJE\ H[SORLWLQJQHZHVWUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQ7KHPDWHULDOVRIWKHWUDLQLQJKDYHEHHQ VKDUHGRQOLQHWKH\DUHDYDLODEOHWRHYHU\RQH ,QVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJKDVEHHQRUJDQL]HGLQWKHKXPDQLVWLFVXEMHFWVPDLQO\IRU ODQJXDJHWHDFKHUVLQTXHVWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJVSHHFKFRPPXQLFDWLRQOLVWHQLQJVNLOOV RIWHDFKHUVXVLQJ,&7LQODQJXDJHWHDFKLQJDQGLQGHYHORSLQJLQVSLULQJWHDFKLQJ methods. )RU H[DPSOH LQ ± DQ LQVHUYLFH WUDLQLQJ ³,QVSLULQJ 6ZHGLVK ZLWK WKHKHOSRILPPHUVLRQWHFKQLTXHV´ (&76 ZDVRUJDQL]HGHVSHFLDOO\IRU6ZHGLVK WHDFKHUV IRUWHDFKHUVWHDFKLQJ6ZHGLVKLQthJUDGH 7KHPDWHULDOIRUWKHWUDLQLQJ ZDVXSORDGHGRQOLQH114,Q±DWUDLQLQJ³6ZHGLVKLQDQHQFRXUDJLQJZD\ IXQFWLRQDOO\DQGFROODERUDWLYHO\´ (&76 ZDVRUJDQL]HGIRUWHDFKHUVRI6ZHGLVK LQSULPDU\DQGXSSHUVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVDVDSDUWRIDSURMHFW³7RROVIRUFKDOOHQJHV 114 KWWS EORJVKHOVLQNL¿LQQRVWDYDDUXRWVLD 73 1HZDSSURDFKHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV WKDW6ZHGLVKWHDFKHUVHQFRXQWHULQGDLO\ZRUN´7KHWUDLQLQJZDVIXQGHGE\WKH )LQQLVK1DWLRQDO$JHQF\IRU(GXFDWLRQDQGWKHUHIRUHLWZDVIUHHIRUWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV WKHWHDFKLQJSHUVRQQHO7KHPDWHULDOZDVXSORDGHGRQOLQH115. Figure 29. In science education in humanities, teachers are supported in teachers’ current questions concerning language teaching, by exploiting newest research information. In the picture, language teachers are refining their teaching skills together in in-service training. (Picture: Mika Federley) 5.3.4 Trainings of the LUMA FINLAND Development Program ,QWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHWKHUHDUHHLJKWSURMHFWVWKDWDUHIXQGHGE\WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI (GXFDWLRQ DQG &XOWXUH DQG WKDW EHORQJ WR WKH /80$ ),1/$1' development program (see chapter 3.2.1). 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An online course in the project LVRUJDQL]HGLQ± LQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKHQDWLRQDO6WDU7SURJUDP Meaningful math project: FRQVLVWV RI D *HR*HEUD WUDLQLQJ SURMHFW VHH DERYH DYLUWXDOPDWKFOXE0DWKYHUVXPWKDWLVRɣHUHGWRFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKDQG 3XOPDDULRZRUNVKRSVRQPDWKHPDWLFVDQGSURJUDPPLQJWKDWDUHKHOGLQOLEUDULHV 7UDLQLQJIRUWHDFKHUVRQWKHVHLVRUJDQL]HGLQ± 5.3.5 Molecular Gastronomy in Science Education 7KLVLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJPRGHOLVXQLTXHDVDVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQSURMHFWERWKE\LWV WKHPHDQGLWVZD\RILPSOHPHQWDWLRQ7KLVSURMHFWIRFXVHGRQDWKHPHWKDWZDVMXVW PDNLQJLWVZD\WRWKHSXEOLF,QWKLVSURMHFWGLɣHUHQWVXEMHFWWHDFKHUV¶VNLOOVZHUH SXWWRJHWKHUE\IROORZLQJWKHSULQFLSOHVRILQTXLU\EDVHGOHDUQLQJDQGE\H[SORLWLQJ QHZHVWUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQ$WWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLWKHWKHPHRIFKHPLVWU\ LQWKHNLWFKHQKDVEHHQDSDUWRIFKHPLVWU\WHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQIRUQHDUO\WZHQW\\HDUV 3HUHQQLDOLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJ ± RQPROHFXODUJDVWURQRP\DVDFRQWH[W IRUORZHUDQGXSSHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQJDWKHUHGDURXQGFKHPLVWU\WHDFKHUV DQGKRPHHFRQRPLFVWHDFKHUVIURPDOORYHU)LQODQG7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVLQVHUYLFH 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The difficult • Inquiry-based teaching and green themes in upper secondary level chemistry math • Occupational safety in chemistry • Where do we get energy in the teaching future? • Renewable energy in the modern • How do we carry out natural sciences society and how is it produced? • Inquiry-based work dealing with • A changing view of the world and water and the environment new findings in cosmology Virtual and interactive MOOCs DFWDVIRUPVRILQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJHYHQPRUH LQWKHIXWXUH VHHWKH/80$),1/$1'GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDP¶VFRXUVHVGHVFULEHG HDUOLHU DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO YLUWXDO FRXUVHV DQG V\PSRVLXPV RQ WKH HGXFDWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW 7KH\DUHDYDLODEOHWRDOO)LQQLVKWHDFKHUVDQGWRWKRVH ZKRDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQFOXGLQJIXWXUHWHDFKHUV )RUH[DPSOHWKHLinkki labRɣHUVRQOLQHVXSSRUWIRUWHDFKHUVZKRZLVKWROHDUQ SURJUDPPLQJ7HDFKHUVFDQWDNHSDUWLQSURJUDPPLQJ022&VDQGWKXVGHYHORS their programming skillsDVZHOODVWKHLUVNLOOVLQWHDFKLQJSURJUDPPLQJ7KHUH DUHDOVRRSHQRQOLQHFODVVHVRɣHULQJJXLGDQFHLQWKHXVHRIGLɣ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methods that students are able to master. The learning environment is developed WKURXJKGLɣHUHQWSHGDJRJLFDOWKHRULHVDQGPHWKRGVIURPIRUPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQW PRGHOV&RXUVHSDUWLFLSDQWVZRUNLQJURXSVWRFUHDWHWKHLURZQWHDFKLQJPDWHULDOVIRU classes on programming concepts and their assessment. In some cases participants DOUHDG\NQRZWKHVFKRROWKH\ZLOOEHWUDLQLQJRUZRUNLQJLQVRWKHVHPDWHULDOVZLOO EHGLUHFWO\LPSOHPHQWHGLQWKHFODVVURRP 5.4 New Science Education Training for University Students )RU WKH GLɣHUHQW IRUPV RI VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ HJ VFLHQFH FOXEVDQGFDPSV RI WKH&HQWUHWUDLQLQJKDVEHHQRUJDQL]HGIRUIXWXUHWHDFKHUVVLQFHDVFRQWDFW WHDFKLQJDQGDOVRRQOLQH+HUHWZRRSHUDWLQJPRGHOVKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGRQKRZ WRRUJDQL]HWUDLQLQJ 5.4.1 A Course for Instructing Science Clubs and Camps 7KH¿UVWFRXUVHIRUWKHLQVWUXFWLQJRIVFLHQFHFOXEVDQGFDPSVZDVSODQQHGDQG RUJDQL]HGLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKH'HYHORSPHQW&HQWUH2SLQNLUMRLQ7KH VWUXFWXUHRIWKHFRXUVHFRQVLVWHGRIOHFWXUHV124ZRUNLQJLQKRPHJURXSVKDYLQJ PHHWLQJVZLWKPHQWRUVDQGLQVWUXFWLQJDWHVWJURXS )LJXUH 124 Material e.g. 7LHGH MD WHNQRORJLDNDVYDWXV /DDWXD DVLDQWXQWHYDVWD NHUKRWRLPLQQDVWD +HOVLQNL .DWDMDPlNL3ULQW 0HGLD $OVRLQ(VWRQLDQ $UHQHYWHDGXVKXYLKDULGXV®SLPHNRJHPXVWHVW +HOVLQNL .DWDMDPlNL3ULQW 0HGLD 78 Figure 30. The development of science education is carried out in cooperation with different partners and universities (see 5.4.2). Here is the structure of the course (that was developed together) for instructing science clubs and camps. 5.4.2 A New Course on Science Education with the Model of Merging Education 6FLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLVDLPHGDWEHLQJVWUHQJWKHQHGDOORYHU)LQODQGDVDSDUWRI XQLYHUVLW\HGXFDWLRQ6WXGHQWVRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLDQGIXWXUHWHDFKHUVDUH EHLQJWUDLQHGWREHFRPHH[SHUWVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDQGRSHUDWRUVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH PRGHORIPHUJLQJHGXFDWLRQWKURXJKDScience Education course (&76 7KH FRXUVHFRQVLVWVRIDQRQOLQHSDUW (&76 DQGDSUDFWLFDOSDUWWKDWFDQEHFKRVHQ IURPWKHVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQPRGXOHDQGH[HUFLVHVFRQFHUQLQJWKHWRSLF (&76 7KHFRXUVHLVDSDUWRIZRUNLQJOLIHVWXGLHVIRUWKHQHZDegree Program for Subject Teachers in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. The course is researched and GHYHORSHGDVDSDUWRIGLVVHUWDWLRQZRUN 79 1HZDSSURDFKHVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIURPHDUO\FKLOGKRRGHGXFDWLRQWRXQLYHUVLWLHV Figure 31. The MOOC platform for an online course on science and technology education. Anyone interested on the topic, can complete the course. The aim is to get different forms of science education into wide use all over Finland (the so called “science club in every village”) 7KHRQOLQHSDUWRIWKHFRXUVH 022& WKDWLVRSHQWRDQ\RQHLQWHUHVWHGFRQVLVWV RIFRPPRQSDUWVWKDWGHDOZLWKZRUNLQJZLWKFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKDQGRSWLRQDO PRGXOHVIURPZKLFKWKHSDUWLFLSDQWRIWKHFRXUVHFDQFKRRVHWKHPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJ RQHV9DULRXVRSWLRQDOPRGXOHVDUHIRUH[DPSOH LQVWUXFWLQJDVFLHQFHRUWHFKQRORJ\ FOXEIRUGLɣHUHQWDJHVDFWLQJDVD6WDU7DPEDVVDGRURUD/80$DPEDVVDGRUDQG LQVWUXFWLQJYLVLWVRIVFKRROJURXSVLQVFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\ODEV 7KHSURMHFWVWDUWHGRSHUDWLQJDVDSDUWRIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHQDWLRQDO WDVNRIWKH/80$&HQWUH)LQODQGQHWZRUN7KHRQOLQHFRXUVHLVPDUNHWHGDQG UHFRPPHQGHGIRUXQLYHUVLW\DQGVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVWXGHQWVDVZHOODVLQVHUYLFH WHDFKHUVDOUHDG\LQWKHZRUNLQJOLIHFOXELQVWUXFWRUVSDUHQWVDQGJUDQGSDUHQWV GLɣHUHQWVSHFLDOLVWVRIRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGIRUDQ\RQHLQWHUHVWHGRQWKHWRSLF 80 6. NEW APPROACHES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES ,QWKLVFKDSWHUGLɣHUHQWNLQGVRIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWHQYLURQPHQWVLQWKH VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHVDUHEHLQJGHVFULEHG VHH)LJXUH $WWKHVDPHWLPHWKURXJKWKHVHWKHDLPLVWRLQVSLUHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKWRZDUGV VWXG\LQJVFLHQFHVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDLPVRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVRIWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ &HQWUH VHHWKHDLPVLQWKH)RUHZRUGVHFWLRQ 6.1 Operating Models ,QGLɣHUHQWRSHUDWLQJPRGHOVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRIWKH&HQWUH VHH)LJXUH QHZ solutions and pedagogical innovations are being developed into science education RQWKHEDVLVRIUHVHDUFK$OOWKHPDLQIRUPVDUHGHVFULEHGEULHÀ\LQWKHIROORZLQJ FKDSWHUZLWKSLFWXUHV Figure 32. Forms of science education for children and entire families that operate or have operated as research and development environments for science education, as far as thematic focus areas and ways of implementation are concerned (see chapter 1). 81 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV 6.2 Models for Science Clubs 6FLHQFHFOXEVKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGVLQFHDVLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGDVIRFXVLQJ RQDQLQGLYLGXDO¿HOGRIVFLHQFH7KH\KDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGERWKDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ DVZHOODVLQRWKHUOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV NLQGHUJDUWHQVVFKRROVOLEUDULHV DQG DOVRYLUWXDOO\6RPHRIWKHEHVWRSHUDWLQJPRGHOVRISK\VLFDOVFLHQFHFOXEVKDYH EHHQGHVFULEHGKHUH VRPHIRFXVLQJRQRQHVXEMHFWVRPHLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ clubs IRFXVLQJRQDVSHFL¿FGLVFLSOLQH (chapter 6.2.1) and interdisciplinary clubs (chapter 6.2.2). ,Q WKH IXWXUH IDPLO\ FOXEV family science education) are going to be GHYHORSHGHYHQPRUHRQWKHEDVLVRIUHVHDUFK,WKDVEHHQDSDUWRIWKHSURJUDP RIWKHH[LVWLQJFOXEV IDPLO\PHPEHUVRUJUDQGSDUHQWVKDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGWRJHWKHU ZLWKWKHLUFKLOGDWWKHFOXERUDWKRPHWKURXJKYLUWXDORSHUDWLRQV 6.2.1 Discipline Specific Clubs 7KLV FKDSWHU ORRNV DW VFLHQFH FOXEV RQ VSHFL¿F VXEMHFWV DQG PRGHOV WKDW KDYH EHHQGHYHORSHGLQWKHP7KHWKHPHVIRUWKHVFLHQFHFOXEVLQFOXGHPDWKHPDWLFV SURJUDPPLQJDQGFKHPLVWU\ZKLFKKDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXWIRUTXLWHDZKLOHLQ VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDQGDSDUWRILWVSUHVHUYLFHWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ (i) Math Clubs 7KHUHLVDORQJWUDGLWLRQRIRUJDQL]LQJPDWKFOXEV7KHSRSXODUFOXEVDUHRUJDQL]HGLQ VFKRROIDFLOLWLHVDOODURXQGWKH+HOVLQNLUHJLRQ7KH\DUHKHOGPDLQO\LQWKHDIWHUQRRQV DIWHUVFKRROGD\V7KHFOXEVPHHWRQFHDZHHNIRUKRXUVIRUDWRWDORIZHHNV 82 Figure 33. Would you be able to solve the encrypted words with the help of this Enigma machine that has been made out of paper? In the math clubs, it is possible to e.g. play detectives and to explore different methods of encryption (Picture: Jenni Räsänen). 7KHFOXEVDUHLQVWUXFWHGE\XQLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVWKDWKDYHUHFHLYHGWUDLQLQJIRUDFWLQJ DVLQVWUXFWRUV7KHLQVWUXFWRUVSODQDQGFDUU\RXWWKHSURJUDPWKHPVHOYHV7KHFOXEV XVXDOO\KDYHVRPHNLQGRIDWKHPHRUDFRPPRQWKUHDGVRWKDWWKHDFWLYLWLHVEXLOG DFRKHUHQWHQWLW\)RUH[DPSOHDWKHPHIRUWKHFOXEFDQEHGHWHFWLYHVRUIDPRXV mathematicians. 7KHEHVWLGHDVIRUFOXEVKDYHEHHQFRPSULVHGLQWRDQHERRN125, so that teachers DQGRWKHURSHUDWRUVZRXOGEHDEOHWRRUJDQL]HPDWKFOXEVLQGHSHQGHQWO\7KHUH \RXFDQ¿QGFOXEUHSRUWVZULWWHQE\WKHLQVWUXFWRUVZKLFKFDQEHIUHHO\XVHGIRU RUJDQL]LQJRZQFOXEV&OXEWUDLQLQJLVFXUUHQWO\DSDUWRIWKH6FLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ online course (chapter 5.4.2). $ORQJWKH\HDUVPDWKFOXERSHUDWLRQVKDYHEHHQVXSSRUWHGE\HJWKH7HFKQRORJ\ ,QGXVWULHVRI)LQODQG&HQWHQQLDO)RXQGDWLRQ 125 KWWS EORJVKHOVLQNL¿VXPPDPXWLNND 83 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV (ii) (Game) Programming Clubs 7KH/LQNNL6FLHQFH/DE /80$ODE RIWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHKDVRUJDQL]HG SURJUDPPLQJFOXEVDOOWKURXJKLWVH[LVWHQFH7KHWKHPHVIRUWKHFOXEVFRPHIURP VXEMHFWVWKDWLQWHUHVWFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKVXFKDVJDPHSURJUDPPLQJ6WRU\WHOOLQJ LVDOVRDWRROZHOOVXLWHGIRUSURJUDPPLQJWDVNVZKLFKPDNHVLWHDV\WRLQWHJUDWH GLɣHUHQW¿HOGVRIVFLHQFHDQGFXOWXUDOSKHQRPHQDLQWRWKHFOXEV Figure 34. In a robot programming club, mechanics and building skills are also at work. (Picture: Hanna Aarnio) /LNHWKHPDWKFOXEVSURJUDPPLQJFOXEVPHHWRQDZHHNO\EDVLV7KHSURJUDPPLQJ WDVNV IURP GLɣHUHQW ZHHNV EXLOG XSRQ HDFK RWKHU WR IRUP D WRRONLW RI EDVLF SURJUDPPLQJVNLOOV7KHIRFXVRIDVSHFL¿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¿QGPRUHFKDOOHQJLQJZRUNLQDOJRULWKPLFSUREOHPVROYLQJWDVNVDQG SURMHFWV7KHVHDUHSDUWLFXODUO\XVHIXOLQEULQJLQJRXWWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIDOJRULWKPLF WKLQNLQJLQVROYLQJSUREOHPVIURPDOVRRWKHU¿HOGVRIVFLHQFH 84 3URJUDPPLQJVNLOOVKHOSLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHZD\VVFLHQWL¿FSKHQRPHQDDUH UHSUHVHQWHGLQVLPXODWLRQVDVZHOODVZLWKXVLQJFRPSXWDWLRQDOPRGHOVWRDQDO\]H SUREOHPVDQGFRQWHPSODWLQJFRQFHSWVLQDUWL¿FLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHDQGGDWDDQDO\VLV$V WKHVNLOOVHWRID\RXQJSURJUDPPHUH[SDQGV¿HOGVVXFKDVFRPSHWLWLYHSURJUDPPLQJ EHFRPH IHDVLEOH JRDOV 6RPH FOXE SDUWLFLSDQWV KDYH SURJUHVVHG DV IDU DV JRLQJ WKURXJKPDWHULDOVRQXQLYHUVLW\OHYHOSURJUDPPLQJFRXUVHV 7KHQDWLRQDO'DWDWlKWL ³'DWDVWDU´ SURJUDPPLQJFRPSHWLWLRQ126, coordinated E\WKHQDWLRQDOPDWKHPDWLFDOVXEMHFWV¶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ɣHFWWKDWWKHVHDIWHUVFKRROFOXEVDQGFROODERUDWLRQVZLWKVFKRROVKDYHKDGRQ WKHXQLYHUVLW\FRPPXQLW\LVDOVRQRWLFHDEOH(VSHFLDOO\PDQ\RIRXULQWHUQDWLRQDO UHVHDUFKHUVKDYHEHHQLQVSLUHGE\WKHHDJHU\RXQJSURJUDPPHUVZKRWDNHRYHU WKHFRPSXWHUODEVDIWHUWKHZRUNGD\5HVHDUFKHUVKDYHKDGWKHFKDQFHWRGHYHORS DVFRPPXQLFDWRUVWKURXJKFOXEFROODERUDWLRQV$OOWKHZKLOHSURJUDPPLQJFOXEV KDYHRɣHUHGDQLPSRUWDQWRSSRUWXQLW\IRUWHDFKHUVWXGHQWVWRJDLQH[SHULHQFHLQ teaching programming. 5HVHDUFKGDWDLVFRQWLQXRXVO\FROOHFWHGIURPFOXEVHVSHFLDOO\FRQFHUQLQJWKH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV¶VHOIHɤFDF\DQGDWWLWXGHV,QSUHYLRXVUHVHDUFK LWKDVEHHQREVHUYHGWKDWDSURJUDPPLQJKREE\KDVDSRVLWLYHLPSDFWHVSHFLDOO\ RQJLUOV¶XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHLURZQVNLOOVDQGWKHLUDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGWKH¿HOG127. 7KHFOXEVDOVRRSHUDWHDVWHVWLQJDQGUHVHDUFKLQJHQYLURQPHQWVIRUWKHOHDUQLQJ PRGHOVDQGPDWHULDOVSURGXFHGE\/LQNNL7KHVHDUHLQWXUQRSHQO\DYDLODEOHIRU teachers to use. (iii) Chemistry Clubs &KHPLVWU\FOXEVKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGDVDSDUWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ RI+HOVLQNLVLQFH7KHRSHUDWLRQVZHUHVWDUWHGZLWKDKsenonit virtual club, IRUZKLFKDZHEVLWH³.VHQRQLW´ ;HQRQV ZDVHVWDEOLVKHG VHHFKDSWHUDVZHOO ,WV¶SXUSRVHLVWRVXSSRUWLQVSLULQJOHDUQLQJRIFKHPLVWU\DOODURXQG)LQODQG,WZDV XVHGZLGHO\DVPDWHULDODOVRLQFODVVWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ 126 KWWS NLVDNRRGDXV¿ 127 +MHOP( 7\W|WSRMDWMDWLHWRMHQNlVLWWHO\QRSHWWDPLQHQ3URJUDGX+HOVLQJLQ\OLRSLVWR KWWSV KHOGDKHOVLQNL¿KDQGOH 85 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV Figure 35. An inspiring Ksenonit website was the first virtual project of science education at the University of Helsinki. After this inspiring project, the Jippo online magazine has been produced for children’s science education and as its part a small children’s virtual club model. 5HVHDUFK KDV EHHQ D SDUW VLQFH WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH YLUWXDO RSHUDWLRQV 7KH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKH¿UVWYLUWXDOFOXEZDVFRQQHFWHGWRD0DVWHU¶V7KHVLV128. There it ZDVUHVHDUFKHGZKDWNLQGRILQTXLU\EDVHGZRUNLQWKHRQOLQHHQYLURQPHQWVXSSRUW DQLQTXLU\EDVHGDSSURDFKDQGKRZLQTXLU\VXSSRUWVWKHOHDUQLQJRIFKHPLVWU\7KH DFWLYLWLHVRIWKHFOXELQFOXGHHJFKHPLVWU\FRQQHFWHGWRZDWHU¶VVXUIDFHWHQVLRQDQG WRWKHIHDWXUHVRIWKHVRLO$JXLGHWKDWZDVGHYHORSHGEDVHGRQWKHKsenonit club is still available online129,WFRQWDLQVQXPHURXVJUHDWLGHDVIRUOHDUQLQJFKHPLVWU\ LQDQLQVSLULQJZD\ZLWKFKLOGUHQ 128 1XUPLQHQ( 7XWNLYDOlKHVW\PLVWDSDODVWHQNHPLDQRSSLPLVHQWXNHQD.VHQRQLWYLUWXDDOLNHUKRVVD +HOVLQNL +HOVLQJLQ\OLRSLVWRKWWS ZZZNHPLDRYKRQWQXUPLQHQHSGI 129 KWWS ZZZKHOVLQNL¿NHPPDGDWD.VHQRQLW.HPLDD7XWNLHQ-D,KPHWHOOHQSGI 86 Figure 36. Chemistry science clubs are a subject of research and development in science education in chemistry, but also a part of learning environments for teacher education in chemistry. In the first picture, the participants of the club are studying what the soil consists of. (Picture: Veikko Somerpuro). In the second picture, in a StarT science club called “Chemistry and Art”, children are making refrigerator magnets out of starch (Picture: Pipsa Blomgren). 87 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV 1XPHURXVVFLHQFHFOXEVLQFKHPLVWU\DUHKHOG\HDUO\PRVWO\LQWKH&KHPLVWU\/DE *DGROLQ6LQFH±FOXEVKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGHYHU\WHUPIRUSXSLOV7KH\ KDYHEHHQDSDUWRILQTXLU\EDVHGGHYHORSPHQWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQFKHPLVWU\DV ZHOODVWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ7KHLQVWUXFWRUVRIWKHFOXEVDUHXVXDOO\IXWXUHFKHPLVWU\ WHDFKHUV7KHFOXEVPHHWRQFHDZHHNIRUDSHULRGRIVL[ZHHNVZKHUHRQHVHVVLRQLV KRXUVORQJ7KH\KDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGZLWKYDULRXVWKHPHVVXFKDVa detective club, mystery club, tasty molecules and material club.)RUH[DPSOHLQWKH P\VWHU\FOXELQHYHU\VHVVLRQFKLOGUHQ¿JXUHRXWDFOXHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHP\VWHU\ DQGDWWKHODVWVHVVLRQWKH\DUHDEOHWRVROYHWKHP\VWHU\ZLWKDOOWKHFOXHVWKH\ KDYH¿JXUHGRXW 7KHFOXEVKDYHEHHQYHU\SRSXODUDQGDPDMRUSDUWRIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVZRXOG OLNHWRWDNHSDUWLQWKHQH[WFOXE,QRUGHUIRUFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKVWREHDEOHWR FRQWLQXHWKHLUFKHPLVWU\KREE\DIWHUSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQRQHFOXEWKHFOXESURJUDP LVEHLQJGHYHORSHGLQDFRQWLQXXP,QWKHIXWXUHHVSHFLDOO\IDPLO\FOXEVDUHJRLQJ WREHDVXEMHFWRIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW 6.2.2 Interdisciplinary Science Clubs 7KLVFKDSWHUORRNVDWJRRGPRGHOVIRULQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\VFLHQFHFOXEV L small children’s science clubs for 3–6 year-olds ERWKSK\VLFDOFOXEVDQGDYLUWXDO club), (ii) Pulmaario workshops on mathematics and programming and (iii) Chemistry and Art science clubDVDSDUWRIDFROODERUDWLYHSURMHFWZLWK WKH)LQQLVK8QLRQRI8QLYHUVLW\3URIHVVRUV (i) Small Children’s Science Clubs $WWKHEHJLQQLQJRIDUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWRQVPDOOFKLOGUHQ¶V VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQZDVODXQFKHGDWWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH,QWKLVSURMHFW VFLHQFHFOXEVIRU±\HDUROGVZHUHDVXEMHFWRIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW$ doctoral dissertation has been made in the research group, concerning the topic -HQQL9DUWLDLQHQ 7KHIROORZLQJDUHDVKDYHEHHQDSDUWRIDSURMHFWRQVPDOOFKLOGUHQ¶VVFLHQFH education: (i) development of a science education model for 3–6 year-old children, based on research130,QWKHSURMHFWFKLOGUHQ¶VUHVHDUFKLQJVNLOOVHVSHFLDOO\VNLOOV 130 9DUWLDLQHQ- $NVHOD0 6FLHQFHFOXEVIRUWR\HDUROGV 6FLHQFHZLWKMR\RIOHDUQLQJDQG DFKLHYHPHQW/80$7 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORQ0DWK6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\(GXFDWLRQ KWWSV ZZZOXPDW¿LQGH[SKSOXPDWROGDUWLFOHYLHZ 88 RIREVHUYDWLRQDQGFKLOGUHQ¶VTXHVWLRQVKDYHEHHQUHVHDUFKHG7KLVUHVHDUFKKDV EHHQDSDUWRIWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGUHVHDUFKFRQFHUQLQJWKHGRFWRUDOGLVVHUWDWLRQ 1XPHURXVFOXEVKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGIRUERWK±DQG±\HDUROGFKLOGUHQ and teacher students have participated in instructing these clubs. The clubs also KDYHIXQFWLRQDOKRPHZRUN,QVPDOOFKLOGUHQ¶V-LSSRFOXEV-LSSRWRJHWKHUZLWK SURIHVVRU6RPHUVDXOWDQGWKHRWKHUFKDUDFWHUVKDYHOHGFKLOGUHQWRWKHZRQGURXV ZRUOGRIUHVHDUFKE\XVLQJVWRULHVDQGGUDPD7KHWKHPHVIRUWKHFOXEVZHUHKDQGV RQPDWKHPDWLFVDQGQDWXUDOVFLHQFHV7KHFOXESURJUDPFRQVLVWHGRIVFLHQFHDUW IHHOLQJVDQGWHFKQRORJ\LQDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ZD\7KHSXUSRVHZDVWRJLYHDOO FKLOGUHQWKHMR\RILQVLJKWDQGVXFFHVVDVZHOODVH[SHULHQFHV&KLOGUHQ¶VTXHVWLRQV DQGWKHLUZRQGHULQJZHUHFHQWUDOLQWKHRSHUDWLRQVRIWKHFOXE,QWKHSLORWSKDVH RIWKHFOXESDUHQWVDQGDQ\RQHLQWHUHVWHGZHUHJLYHQWKHFKDQFH GXULQJWKHFOXE PHHWLQJV WRUHFHLYHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGGLVFXVVLRQSRVVLELOLWLHVDERXWFKLOGUHQ¶VVFLHQFH DQGWHFKQRORJ\HGXFDWLRQHJKRZWRVXSSRUWWKHFKLOGLQTXHVWLRQVDERXWVFLHQFH DQGWHFKQRORJ\DQGGXULQJLQTXLU\GRQHDWKRPH (ii) Small children’s science education as a part of kindergarten curriculum LQWKHUHVHDUFKSURMHFWWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVRIVFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQZHUHUHVHDUFKHGLQWKHRSHUDWLRQVRINLQGHUJDUWHQV7KLVZDVGRQHDOVR E\UHVHDUFKLQJNLQGHUJDUWHQWHDFKHUV¶H[SHULHQFHV WKHUHVXOWVKDYHEHHQSXEOLVKHG DVDSDUWRIWKHGLVVHUWDWLRQ131 The model has been spread around and is applied QRZLQWRDSDUWRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVRINLQGHUJDUWHQV7KHSRVLWLYHH[SHULHQFHVDQG PDWHULDOWKDWZDVUHFHLYHGLQVPDOOFKLOGUHQ¶VVFLHQFHFOXEVZDVH[SORLWHGLQWKH implementation. LLL 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIthe virtual club modelRQWKHEDVLVRIUHVHDUFKDVDSDUW RIIDPLOLHV¶PXWXDOKREE\WDNLQJSDUWDWKRPH$YLUWXDOFOXEPRGHOZDVGHYHORSHG LQWKHUHVHDUFKSURMHFWLQZKLFKIDPLOLHVWRJHWKHUFDUULHGRXWLQTXLU\EDVHGZRUNDW KRPHZLWKYLGHRVDVWKHLUJXLGHV7KHFKLOGUHQ¶VUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVZHUHHLWKHUYLGHRHG RUSKRWRJUDSKHGDQGWKH\ZHUHVKDUHGIRUDOOSDUWLFLSDQWVRIWKHFOXEWRVHH,QWKLV UHVHDUFKSDUHQWVZHUHUHVHDUFKHGRQWKHFKDOOHQJHVRIYLUWXDOFOXERSHUDWLRQV132 (iv) Small children’s science club operating model has been developed IXUWKHUVLQFHWKH)DOORI133,QWKHPRGHODQLQWHUHVWLQJVWRU\XVLQJDOOWKH GLɣHUHQWVHQVHVDQGZRQGHULQJSOD\DNH\UROH,QRUGHUWRVXSSRUWWKHRUJDQL]LQJRI 131 9DUWLDLQHQ - .HKLWWlPLVWXWNLPXV SLHQWHQ ODVWHQ WXWNLPXNVHOOLVHQ OXRQQRQWLHWHLGHQ RSLVNHOXQ HGLVWlPLQHQWLHGHNHUKRRSSLPLV\PSlULVW|VVlKWWS XUQ¿851 ,6%1 132 9DUWLDLQHQ- $NVHOD0 -XONDLVXYLUWXDDOLVHVWDWLHGHNHUKRWRLPLQQDVWDYDQKHPSLHQQlN|NXOPDVWD valmistumassa. 133 ,GHDVIRUVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUVPDOOFKLOGUHQ KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿XXWLVHWRSHWXVMDRSLVNHOXXXVLD materiaaleja-ja-tukea-innostavaan-lasten-tiedekasvatukseen 89 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV WKHVHFOXEVQHZPDWHULDOKDVEHHQSURGXFHGVXFKDVUHVHDUFKEDJVDQGIXQFWLRQDO FOXE FDUSHWV 7KLV VFLHQFH FOXE KDV EHHQ RUJDQL]HG DW WKH 7KLQN &RUQHU RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLRQFHDZHHNIRUVHYHQZHHNV7KHFKLOGUHQJRWWRUHVHDUFK GLɣHUHQWWKLQJVVXFKDVFRORUVQRLVHVWUXFWXUHVZDWHUDQGDLUZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH /80$IR[6PDOOFKLOGUHQ¶VFOXERSHUDWLRQVDUHDSDUWRIWKH6FLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ online course. Figure 37. Small children’s science education project is a part of research of the Science Education Centre. In the picture, the small participants are wondering about different colors. (Picture: Merike Kesler) (ii) Pulmaario Workshops on Mathematics and Programming An innovative Pulmaario project ZDV FDUULHG RXW LQ ± LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH +HOPHW QHWZRUN +HOVLQNL 0HWURSROLWDQ $UHD/LEUDULHV DQGZLWKWKH6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HOVLQNL )URP WKH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHWZRVFLHQFHODEV ZHUH SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ WKH SODQQLQJ DQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQSDUWV 0DWK/DE 6XPPDPXWLNNDDQG/LQNNL/DERIFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH,QWKHSURMHFWZRUNVKRSVRQ PDWKHPDWLFVDQGSURJUDPPLQJZHUHSODQQHGDQGRUJDQL]HGDQGWKHZRUNVKRSV ZHUHKHOGLQORFDOOLEUDULHV7KHZRUNVKRSVDUHDLPHGDW ±\HDUROGFKLOGUHQDQG \RXWKDQGWKHZRUNVKRSVZHUHLQVWUXFWHGE\XQLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVLQFRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWKWKHOLEUDU\VWDɣ'XULQJWKLVSURMHFWVHULHVRIZRUNVKRSVZHUHRUJDQL]HG LQGLɣHUHQWOLEUDULHV 7KHDLPZDVWRFUHDWHDVHOIVXɤFLHQWZRUNVKRSPRGHOWKDWFRXOGEHUXQE\ OLEUDU\ VWDɣ WKHPVHOYHV The Pulmaario Practical Guide134 ZDV FUHDWHG WR DFKLHYHWKLVJRDO,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHZRUNVKRSSURJUDPWKH3UDFWLFDO*XLGHLQFOXGHV LQVWUXFWLRQVDQGWLSVRQWKHSUDFWLFDOGHWDLOVRIUXQQLQJDPDWKVDQGSURJUDPPLQJ ZRUNVKRS,QWKH6SULQJRIWKHSURMHFWWHDPYLVLWHGQXPHURXVOLEUDULHVDURXQG )LQODQGLQRUGHUWRWUDLQOLEUDU\VWDɣLQUXQQLQJWKHLURZQZRUNVKRSV3XOPDDULR VWDUWHUSDFNVZHUHDOVRVHQWWROLEUDULHVDURXQG)LQODQG7KHVHSDFNVLQFOXGHGWKH 134 KWWS SXOPDDULROXPD¿HQ 90 QHFHVVDU\PDWHULDOVIRUDVHULHVRI¿YHZRUNVKRSVLQRUGHUWRPDNHLWHDVLHUWRJHW VWDUWHGRUJDQL]LQJWKHZRUNVKRSV ,QDGGLWLRQWRWUDLQLQJDQGLQVWUXFWLQJOLEUDU\VWDɣthe Pulmaario workshop modelLVSURSDJDWHGWKURXJKWUDLQLQJXSSHUVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVWXGHQWVWRDFW DVLQVWUXFWRUVLQZRUNVKRSVIRUSULPDU\VFKRROVWXGHQWV$IWHUWKHLUWUDLQLQJWKH VWXGHQWVUXQZRUNVKRSVLQVPDOOJURXSV7KURXJKWKHVHQHZRSHUDWLRQDOPRGHOVZH KRSHWRDGYDQFHWKH3XOPDDULRZRUNVKRSVWKURXJKRXW)LQODQGHQDEOLQJFKLOGUHQ DQG\RXQJSHRSOHWRHQJDJHLQVFLHQFHDFWLYLWLHVUHJDUGOHVVRIZKHUHWKH\OLYH7KLV SURMHFWLVDSDUWRIUHVHDUFKRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQPDWKHPDWLFV Figure 38. The atmosphere in a Pulmaario workshop (Picture: Maija Pollari) (iii) Interdisciplinary Science Clubs /HDUQLQJDERXWVFLHQFHDQGDUWWRJHWKHULVDJRRGPRGHOIRUVFLHQFHFOXEHGXFDWLRQ ,QWKHIROORZLQJSDUWDChemistry and Art science club (the so called StarT VFLHQFHFOXE LVGHVFULEHGDVDQLQVSLULQJPRGHO,WVRSHUDWLRQVDUHDSDUWRIGHVLJQ EDVHGUHVHDUFKLQZKLFKLWLVUHVHDUFKHGKRZLQWHJUDWLQJVFLHQFHDQGDUWDQGFOXE RSHUDWLRQVVXSSRUWFKLOGUHQ¶VLQWHUHVWWRZDUGVFKHPLVWU\$WOHDVWDWKHVLVLVRQWKH ZD\RQWKHWRSLFDVZHOODVDVFLHQWL¿FSXEOLFDWLRQ 91 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV Figure 39. In the Chemistry and Art science club, the solubility phenomenon was studied by using permanent markers with different liquids. At the same time, the children were able to produce gorgeous dyed fabrics that the children could take home with them. (Picture: Essi Purhonen) A StarT science clubWKDWLQWHJUDWHVFKHPLVWU\DQGDUWZDVFDUULHGRXWIRUrd to 7thJUDGHUVDQGLWZDVRUJDQL]HGLQWKH/80$ODE&KHPLVWU\/DE*DGROLQ,WZDV RQHRIWKHFOXEVWKDWZDVRUJDQL]HGLQFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQWKH)LQQLVK8QLRQRI 8QLYHUVLW\3URIHVVRUVDQG/80$&HQWUH)LQODQGIRU)LQODQG¶V&HQWHQDU\7RJHWKHU ZLWKWKHHDJHUPHPEHUVRIWKHFOXEWKHSURIHVVRUPHQWRUVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQH[SORULQJ DQGZRQGHULQJ,QWKH&KHPLVWU\DQG$UWVFLHQFHFOXEWKHPHQWRUVZHUHWKH+HDG RIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLVWU\DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLSURIHVVRU+HLNNL 7HQKXDQGSURIHVVRU0DLMD$NVHODWKH'LUHFWRURIWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH DQGWKH'LUHFWRURI/80$&HQWUH)LQODQG 92 Figure 40. The professor mentor, Heikki Tenhu, produced slime that is made up of polymers, with the children. It was inspiring to explore the behavior of polymers with the help of the slime. (Picture: Iisa Rautiainen) ,QWKHFOXELQWHUHVWZDVKDUQHVVHGWRZDUGVH[SORULQJSKHQRPHQDLQFKHPLVWU\DQG HYHU\GD\OLIH WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIUHVHDUFKVNLOOVZDVDWWKHKHDUWRIWKHRSHUDWLRQV +HUHWKHSXUSRVHZDVWREULQJFKHPLVWU\FORVHUWRWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VRZQOLYHVWKURXJK UHOHYDQWFRQWH[WV,QWKHFOXEWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VRZQLGHDVZHUHGHYHORSHGLQWRStarT projects ([DPSOHV RI SURMHFW WKHPHV LQFOXGHG FKHPLVWU\ LQ FRVPHWLFV DQG PROHFXODUJDVWURQRP\6XVWDLQDEOHWKLQNLQJLVYLVLEOHLQWKHSURMHFWVDQGLWZDV RQHRIWKHFHQWUDOWKHPHV$WWKHHQGRIHYHU\FOXEVHVVLRQFKLOGUHQZHUHDVNHGWR 93 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV JLYHIHHGEDFNDQGE\GRLQJWKLVWKH\ZHUHDEOHWRLQÀXHQFHWKHFRQWHQWVRIIXWXUH sessions and methods. FamiliesZHUHLQYLWHGWRYLVLWGXULQJWKHODVWFOXEVHVVLRQDQGWKH\JRWWR REVHUYHDQGH[SHULHQFHWKHZRQGHUIXOSURMHFWVWKDWWKHLUFKLOGUHQKDGGRQH7KH\ JRWWRPDNHELRSODVWLFIRUH[DPSOHZLWKWKHJXLGDQFHRIWKHFKLOGUHQ7KLVWXUQHG out as an inspiring hands-on model. Figure 41. The children got the chance to instruct their families on how to produce for example bioplastic during their Chemistry and Art science club. (Picture: Maija Aksela) 6.3 Models for Science Camps 2UJDQL]LQJ VFLHQFH FDPSV KDV EHHQ D SDUW RI WKH RSHUDWLRQV RI VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HOVLQNL VLQFH 2004. These camps are RUJDQL]HG HVSHFLDOO\ GXULQJ SXSLOV¶VXPPHUEUHDNV SDUWO\ also during Autumn and Spring breaks). The camps are aimed DWFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKZKRDUH interested in nature, science, the environment, mathematics or programming. In 2017, 31 VXPPHUFDPSVZHUHRUJDQL]HG DQG WKHUH ZHUH PRUH WKDQ SDUWLFLSDWLQJ FKLOGUHQ DQG \RXWK 7KH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHQRWRQO\RUJDQL]HVFDPSVLQ)LQQLVKEXWDOVRLQ6ZHGLVKDQG (QJOLVKDQGWKHDLPLVWRRUJDQL]HPRUHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFDPSVLQWKHIXWXUH 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHFDPSLVWRLQVSLUHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKDERXWQDWXUDOVFLHQFHV PDWKHPDWLFVSURJUDPPLQJDQGRWKHU¿HOGVRIVFLHQFHDQGWRHQFRXUDJHWKHP WRZDUGVVWXG\LQJWKHVHVXEMHFWVLQWKHIXWXUH7KHDLPLVDOVRWRRɣHUPHDQLQJIXO DFWLYLWLHVLQWKHOHLVXUHWLPHDQGWRKHOSFKLOGUHQWRJHWWRNQRZRWKHUFKLOGUHQZKR are interested in the nature. 94 Figure 42. Science camps are a subject of research of science education. They help children and youth to get inspired about science and help finding new friends. The summer camps also offer activities out in the nature. (Picture: Tuuli Holttinen) 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHKDVRUJDQL]HGERWKFDPSVWKDWIRFXVRQDVSHFL¿F ¿HOGRIVFLHQFHVXFKDVFKHPLVWU\RUPDWKFDPSVDVZHOODVWKHPHFDPSVWKDW integrateYDULRXV¿HOGVRIVFLHQFH%HORZ\RXFDQ¿QGDIHZH[DPSOHVRILQVSLULQJ FDPSPRGHOVWKDWKDYHEHHQRUJDQL]HGEHIRUH • Android programming camp for 11–15 year-olds: 3URJUDPPLQJIRU Android devices is practiced in the graphical online programming environment $SS,QYHQWRU3DUWLFLSDQWVJHWWRPDNHWKHLURZQ$QGURLGDSSOLFDWLRQFRPSULVLQJ RIDIHZVPDOOHUJDPHV7KH\FDQFRQWLQXHGHYHORSLQJWKHDSSDWKRPHDIWHUWKH FDPS7KLVFDPSLVSHUIHFWIRUEHJLQQHUVDQGWKRVHZKRKDYHXVHGHJ6FUDWFK IRUSURJUDPPLQJ7KHFDPSHPSOR\VHVWDEOLVKHGSDLUSURJUDPPLQJWHFKQLTXHV EXWLWLVQRWQHFHVVDU\WRKDYHDSDUWQHUEHIRUHUHJLVWHULQJIRUWKHFDPS • Looking for the missing jewel camp for 10–12 year-olds: Someone has EURNHQLQWR0UV9RQ%DQQHNHU¶VDSDUWPHQWDQGKHUSUHFLRXVMHZHOKDVJRQH PLVVLQJ7KHSDUWLFLSDQWVRIWKHFDPSZRUNDVGHWHFWLYHVDQG¿JXUHRXWZKDW KDVKDSSHQHGWRWKHMHZHO,VWKHUHDQLQGLYLGXDOEHKLQGDOOWKLVRUFRXOGWKLV EHWKHZRUNRIDQRUJDQL]HGFULPHJURXSZLWKH[WUHPHO\GHYHORSHGPHWKRGV" 95 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV :KHUHGRWKHFOXHVOHDGWRDQGLVLWSRVVLEOHWR¿QGWKHPLVVLQJMHZHO"+RZLV KHUVRQZKRMXVWPRYHGWR(QJODQGFRQQHFWHGWRDOOWKLV"7KHSXUSRVHRIWKH FDPSLVWRH[SORUHPDWKHPDWLFVDQGFRPSXWHUVFLHQFHWKURXJKUROHSOD\DQG solving problems. Do the children have the courage to take up the challenge DQGVWHSLQWRWKHVKRHVRIDGHWHFWLYH" • Science theater in Kumpula camp for 9–12 year-olds: $UH\RXDPD]HG DWWKHIDQWDVWLFVFLHQFHVKRZSHUIRUPDQFHV"$UH\RXSRQGHULQJRQWKHVFLHQFH EHKLQGPDJLFWULFNV"$UH\RXDSHUIRUPHUZKRZRXOGOLNHWRPRGHOLQVSLULQJ QDWXUDOVFLHQFHSKHQRPHQDWKURXJKWKHDWHU",I\RXWKRXJKWRIDQVZHULQJ\HVWR DQ\RIWKHTXHVWLRQVWKHQWKLVVFLHQFHFDPSLVWKHSHUIHFWFDPSIRU\RX,QWKH FDPSZHSODQDQGFDUU\RXWHLWKHUDIDQWDVWLFVFLHQFHVKRZRUDEUHDWKWDNLQJ WKHDWHUSHUIRUPDQFHWRJHWKHU7KHRXWFRPHLVXSWR\RX,WLVFHUWDLQWKDW \RXZLOOJHWWRNQRZWKHLQWHUHVWLQJZRUOGRIDFWLQJDQGWROHDUQDERXWPLQG shocking phenomena in science. • Dealing with physics camps for 8–10 year-olds and 10–12 year-olds: ,QWKLVFDPS\RXZLOOJHWWRNQRZWKHZRQGURXVZRUOGRISK\VLFVWKURXJK H[SHULPHQWVDQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQV$WWKHFDPSLWFDQEHREVHUYHGZKDWKDSSHQV WRPDUVKPDOORZVLQDYDFXXPKRZDUHWKHVRXQGHɣHFWVLQPRYLHVPDGHKRZ GRHVDZDWHUURFNHWÀ\DQGKRZGRZHIRROWLPH 5HVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWZRUNLVDSDUWRIVFLHQFHFDPSV LQWKHFDPSVQHZ VROXWLRQV DQG SHGDJRJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQV DUH GHYHORSHG IRU DQ LQVSLULQJ VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ 7KH UHOHYDQFH RI VFLHQFH FDPSV KDV EHHQ UHVHDUFKHG LQ D 0DVWHU¶V Thesis.135 1365HVHDUFKGDWDZDVFROOHFWHGRQFKLOGUHQ¶VXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIVFLHQWLVWV LQWKHVXPPHUFDPSVLQ1RZDWKHVLVLVJRLQJWREHZULWWHQDQGDVFLHQWL¿F publication is going to be made concerning the research data. $FFRUGLQJWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQVFLHQFHFDPSVWKHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWK WKDW SDUWLFLSDWHGRQWKHFDPSVWKRXJKWWKDWWKHIROORZLQJWKLQJVPRWLYDWHGWKHP L JHWWLQJQHZIULHQGV LL YDULRXVDQGLQWHUHVWLQJDFWLYLWLHVVXFKDVODERUDWRU\ZRUN PLFURVFRS\JDPHSURJUDPPLQJDQGPDWKHPDWLFDOEUDLQWHDVHUV LLL WKH\OHDUQHG WKLQJVWKDWDUHXVHIXOIRUWKHPLQWKHIXWXUH LY WKH\UHFHLYHGXVHIXOLQIRUPDWLRQRQ VFLHQWL¿FFDUHHURSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGRQTXHVWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJFKRLFHRIDSURIHVVLRQ DQG Y WKH\ZDQWWRKDYHDQHɣHFWRQWKHZHOOEHLQJRIWKHHDUWKDQGVRFLHW\LQ WKHIXWXUH 135 +DORQHQ- 1RQIRUPDDOLWLHGHNDVYDWXV 7LHGHOHLULHQUHOHYDQVVLODVWHQMDSHUKHLGHQQlN|NXOPDVWD 3URJUDGXWXWNLHOPD+HOVLQNL +HOVLQJLQ\OLRSLVWRKWWS XUQ¿851 1%1 ¿IH 136 +DORQHQ- $NVHOD0 DFFHSWHG 1RQIRUPDO6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ 7KH5HOHYDQFHRI6FLHQFH&DPSV $FFRUGLQJWR&KLOGUHQDQG)DPLOLHVLUMAT, 6(1). 96 6.4 Models for Science Parties 6FLHQFHSDUWLHVDUHDQDUHDRIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRIWKH &HQWUH,WLVDQRSHUDWLQJPRGHOWKDWLQVSLUHVFKLOGUHQ\RXWKDQGIDPLOLHVWRZDUGV OHDUQLQJDERXWVFLHQFHDQGKDYLQJVFLHQFHDVDKREE\DFFRUGLQJWRH[SHULHQFHV 6FLHQFH ELUWKGD\V KDYH EHHQ RUJDQL]HG VLQFH E\ VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KH¿UVWELUWKGD\VZHUHRUJDQL]HGLQWKH&KHPLVWU\/DE Gadolin in 2012. 6LQFHQHZVFLHQFHSDUW\HQWLWLHVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGIRUERWKQDWXUDO VFLHQFHDQGPDWKELUWKGD\V1HZVFLHQFHSDUW\SDFNDJHVDUHEDVHGRQYDULRXVWKHPHV WKDWLQFOXGHGLɣHUHQWGHPRQVWUDWLRQVDQGH[SHULPHQWVZKHUHWKHPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJ ones can be chosen. 1HZSDFNDJHVDUHPHDQWIRUDOODJHVDQGWKHVHDUHQRWOLPLWHGWRELUWKGD\V7KH\ KDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGRQWKHEDVLVRIQHZHVWUHVHDUFKLQIRUPDWLRQDVDSDUWRIWHDFKHU HGXFDWLRQ,WLVSRVVLEOHWRRUJDQL]HRWKHUHYHQWVLQVFLHQFHODEVQRWRQO\ELUWKGD\V VXFKDVVFLHQFHWKHPHGUHFUHDWLRQGD\VRU&KULVWPDVSDUWLHVIRUFRPSDQLHV 7KH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHRUJDQL]HVVFLHQFHSDUWLHVIRUH[DPSOHZLWKWKH IROORZLQJWKHPHV • 7DVW\PROHFXOHV $WWKHELUWKGD\SDUW\\RXZLOOJHWWRH[SORUHWKHVHFUHWVRI PROHFXODUJDVWURQRP\DQGSUHSDUHLFHFUHDPRUVRUEHW\RXUVHOI • (VFDSHURRP 0DNH\RXUZD\RXWRIDQHVFDSHURRPIXOORIP\VWHULHVE\XVLQJ WHDPZRUNDQGQDWXUDOVFLHQFHV • 'HWHFWLYH $WWKHELUWKGD\SDUW\\RXZLOOJHWWREHDGHWHFWLYHDQGVROYHVHFUHW ZULWLQJVZLWKWKHKHOSRIFKHPLVWU\ • &RORUIXOFKHPLVWU\ ,W¶VDOODERXWFRORULQWKHVHELUWKGD\V:HFRQGXFWYDULRXV LQTXLU\DQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQVLQZKLFKFRORUVSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROH • 7KH$PD]LQJ5DFHRI0DWK *RRQDQDGYHQWXUHDURXQGWKH.XPSXODFDPSXV DQGVROYHH[HUFLVHVMXVWOLNHLQWKH$PD]LQJ5DFH7HDPZRUNDQGKDYLQJIXQ DUH FUXFLDO LQ WKLV PDWKHPDWLFDO RULHQWHHULQJ DFWLYLW\ 7KH DQVZHUV FDQ EH GRFXPHQWHGHLWKHUE\WDNLQJYLGHRVRUSLFWXUHV 6.5 Virtual Operating Models 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIYLUWXDOVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRQWKHEDVLVRIUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQ RQHRIWKHDUHDVRIGHYHORSPHQWVLQFH7KHSXUSRVHLVWRJLYHMR\RILQVLJKW DQG VXFFHVV IRU DOO FKLOGUHQ DQG IDPLOLHV 2SHUDWLQJ PRGHOV IRU YLUWXDO VFLHQFH education have been: (i) Ksenonit virtual club (started its operations in 2003), (ii) Jippo online magazineIRUFKLOGUHQ VWDUWHGRSHUDWLQJLQ LLL small 97 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV children and families’ Jippo virtual club VWDUWHGRSHUDWLQJLQ± WKLV KDVEHHQGHVFULEHGLQWKHVPDOOFKLOGUHQ¶VVFLHQFHFOXEVHFWLRQ LY Linkki virtual programming club (launched in 2015–16) and (v) StarT GoEdu! science club (started its operations in 2017). The virtual club Ksenonit (Xenons LVPHDQWIRUFKLOGUHQXQGHUVFKRRODJH DQGFKLOGUHQLQSULPDU\VFKRRODVZHOODVWKHLUSDUHQWVDQGWHDFKHUV7KHwebsite for KsenonitZDVRSHQHGLQWKH)DOORI,QVWUXFWLRQVZHUHSXEOLVKHGRQWKH ZHEVLWHVRWKDWSDUHQWVZRXOGEHDEOHWRFDUU\RXWLQTXLU\EDVHGZRUNDWKRPH VHH DOVRFKDSWHU %HFDXVHRILWVSRSXODULW\LWZDVUHQHZHGLQWRDJippo online magazineLQWKDWZDVXSGDWHGRQDUHJXODUEDVLV1HZDFWLYLWLHVEUDLQWHDVHUV FRPSHWLWLRQVD&KULVWPDVFDOHQGDUDQGQHZVZHUHSXEOLVKHGLQ-LSSR7KHFKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHPDNLQJRIWKHPDJD]LQHE\UHSRUWLQJRQWKHLURZQUHVHDUFKE\ VHQGLQJWKHLUZULWLQJVWREHSXEOLVKHGDQGE\DVNLQJWKHLURZQTXHVWLRQVLQWKH ³$VNIURP-LSSR´FROXPQ&ODVVWHDFKHUVZHUHHQFRXUDJHGWRSURGXFHQHZFRQWHQWV IRUWKH-LSSRPDJD]LQHZLWKWKHLUFODVVHV$YLUWXDOFOXEZDVRSHQHGDVDSDUWRI WKHRQOLQHPDJD]LQHLQWKDWZDVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW SURMHFWRIVPDOOFKLOGUHQ¶VVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ,QWKHYLUWXDOFOXEWKHFKLOGUHQZLWK WKHLUSDUHQWVZHUHHQFRXUDJHGZLWKWKHKHOSRIVKRUWLQVSLULQJYLGHRVWRFDUU\RXW IXQFWLRQDOLQTXLU\EDVHGUHVHDUFKIRUH[DPSOHDWKRPHLQDFOXERUDWNLQGHUJDUWHQ ,WZDVSRVVLEOHIRUFKLOGUHQVXSSRUWHGE\WKHLUSDUHQWVWRUHSRUWWKHLURZQUHVHDUFK LQWKHFOXEZHEVLWHLQWKHIRUPRISLFWXUHVRIYLGHRV7KH-LSSRRQOLQHPDJD]LQH including the virtual club have been archived online since 2016137. Figure 43. Jippo online magazine that inspired children and families. It received the annual state award for information publication in 2009. Inspiring small children’s science education website138 continued the operations of the archived Jippo online magazine in 2017. 137 KWWS MLSSRP\VFLHQFH¿ 138 KWWS EORJVKHOVLQNL¿SLNNXMLSRW 98 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHvirtual StarT GoEdu! science club is to inspire children DQG\RXWKLQWRREVHUYLQJWKHLUVXUURXQGLQJHQYLURQPHQWDQGWRFRQGXFWWKHLURZQ UHVHDUFK7KHFOXEDOVRVXSSRUWVSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQ6WDU7SURJUDPE\RɣHULQJLGHDVIRU FDUU\LQJRXWSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJ7KHYLUWXDOFOXELVDLPHGDWrd to 7th graders, EXWLWRɣHUVWKLQJVDOVRWRRWKHUDJHV7KHFOXEKDVEHHQRUJDQL]HGERWKLQ)LQQLVK and in English. Figure 44. It was pondered in the StarT virtual club: What kinds of feelings do astronauts go through while they are traveling through space? (Picture: Amanda Lehtola) 7KHWKHPHVIRUWKHStarT GoEdu! clubKDYHEHHQFKRVHQIURP6WDU7¶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inkki virtual programming club KDV RɣHUHG ZHHNO\ SURJUDPPLQJ challenges in the graphical Scratch programming environment. These challenges FDQIRULQVWDQFHEHEXLOWDURXQGGLɣHUHQWHYHQWVLQWKHFDOHQGDU\HDU,QDQG 139 KWWS VWDUWOXPD¿HQVWDUWJRHGXYLUWXDOVFLHQFHFOXE 99 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV WKHFOXEDOVRRɣHUHGD&KULVWPDVFDOHQGDURIGDLO\FKDOOHQJHVJDPHVDQG SURMHFWV7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVHNLQGVRIOLJKWHUSURJUDPPLQJFKDOOHQJHVKDVLQ WXUQKHOSHGLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWHDFKLQJPDWHULDOVLQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFHVLQWKH IRUPRIEULQJLQJLQIUHVKLGHDV7KHPDWHULDOVGHYHORSHGKDYHWKHQEHHQRɣHUHG IUHHO\RQOLQHDQGKDYHEHHQXVHGLQSURJUDPPLQJHGXFDWLRQLQVFKRROVDQGFOXEV all over Finland. It is important that virtual and online projects are not seen as a VHSDUDWHWDVNEXWLQVWHDGDUHFRQVLGHUHGDQLQWULQVLFSDUWRIWKHDFWLYLWLHVRɣHUHG WRWKHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXWKORFDOO\ 6.6 Events for Families 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIYDULRXVIDPLO\RSHUDWLQJPRGHOVKDVEHHQDQGZLOOEHWKHVXEMHFW RIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ6LQFHYDULRXVIXQFWLRQLQJ models have been developed in science education: (i) Ksenonit science days, (ii) Jippo science days, (iii) a ThinkFest event in cooperationZLWKWKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\ LY science parties and (v) GLɣHUHQWIDPLO\ clubs WKHLQTXLU\EDVHGKRPHZRUNDQGWKHYLUWXDOFOXEPRGHO RU YL IDPLO\ PHPEHUVSDUWLFLSDWHLQVRPHRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVRUDWWKHHQGRIWKHVHVVLRQV )DPLOLHV KDYH DOZD\V EHHQ LQWHUHVWHG LQ VXSSRUWLQJ WKHLU FKLOGUHQ¶V VFLHQFH KREELHV(VSHFLDOO\WKHUHLVDQHHGIRUVXFKRSHUDWLRQVZKHUHFKLOGUHQJHWWRWU\ WKLQJVLQSUDFWLFHLQDVDIHZD\E\WKHPVHOYHVZLWKWKHLUSDUHQWVJUDQGSDUHQWVRU godparent(s). Various science days KDYH EHHQ D VLJQL¿FDQW RSHUDWLQJ IRUP RI VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ2ULJLQDOO\VFLHQFHGD\VZHUHEXLOWRIIXQFWLRQDOZRUNVKRSVIURPGLɣHUHQW ¿HOGVRIVFLHQFHDQGWKHUHZHUHDOVROHFWXUHVZKHUHUHVHDUFKHUVPLJKWKDYHEHHQ GUHVVHGXSDVFKDUDFWHUV HJ3LSSL/RQJVWRFNLQJRU+HPXOHQIURPWKH0RRPLQV The Ksenonit science dayJRWLWVQDPHIURPWKHYLUWXDOZHEVLWH.VHQRQLWWKDW ZDVODWHUNQRZQDVJippo+HUHWKHIDPLOLHVWRJHWKHUFDUULHGRXWLQTXLU\EDVHG ZRUNDQGIXQFWLRQDOH[HUFLVHVWKDWZHUHSURGXFHGE\WKHWHDFKHUVWXGHQWV,WZDV DSDUWRISUHVHUYLFHWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQDWWKHVDPHWLPH 100 Figure 45. A chemistry workshop in the Ksenonit science day in Kumpula in 2004. It was carried out as a part of pre-service teacher education at the Department of Chemistry (Picture: Lauri Vihma) 1RZDGD\VDIDPLO\GD\LVRUJDQL]HGDVDSDUWRIDSRSXODUHYHQWDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ WKH7KLQN)HVWHYHQW,QDURXQG IDPLO\PHPEHUVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQLWDQG LWZDVRUJDQL]HGE\VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRQWKH.XPSXODFDPSXV,QDGGLWLRQDORQJ WKH\HDUVZHKDYHEHHQDFWLYHO\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQRUJDQL]LQJWKHHYHQWVLQWKH1LJKW RI6FLHQFHIHVWLYDODQG1LJKWRI6FLHQFHHYHQWVLQWKH6FLHQFH&HQWUH+HXUHND 1HZLQTXLU\EDVHGDFWLYLWLHV WKDWKDYHEHHQVXEMHFWVRIGHYHORSPHQW KDYHEHHQ tested in these events. 101 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRU\RXWK 7. 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(Picture: Lauri Vihma) ,QFDPSVIRU\RXWKZHUHUHODXQFKHGDQGLQWKHFDPS0HDFKHPLVW" ZDVWXUQHGLQWRDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\0HDVFLHQWLVW"FDPS • Me, a chemist? summer research courses for upper secondary school students during 2003–08 and 2016: WKHVWXGHQWVJRWWRH[SORUHUHVHDUFK LQFKHPLVWU\DQGWKH\FDUULHGRXWWKHLURZQUHVHDUFKLQDQDXWKHQWLFUHVHDUFK HQYLURQPHQWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ • Me, a scientist? camp for 14–19 year-olds in 2017: WKHVWXGHQWVH[SORUHG UHVHDUFKLQ&KHPLVWU\DQG3K\VLFVDWWKH.XPSXODFDPSXV7KHFDPSGD\V FRQVLVWHGRIYLVLWVWRUHVHDUFKGHSDUWPHQWVSURMHFWEDVHGZRUNDQGZRUNVKRSV RQVFLHQFH7KHFDPSLVDLPHGDW\RXWKLQWHUHVWHGLQVFLHQFH /LQNNL6FLHQFH/DEKDVRUJDQL]HGDVSHFLDOprogramming camp for girls during VHYHUDOVXPPHUVFRYHULQJWKHPHVVXFKDVSURJUDPPLQJDYLUWXDOSHWIRUDQ$QGURLG GHYLFH,QPRGHUQVRFLHW\FRPSXWHUVFLHQFHSURJUDPPLQJDQGFRPSXWHUVNLOOVDUH WKRXJKWRIDVWKLQJVWKDWPRVWO\LQWHUHVWPHQ:KHQFRPSDUHGWRER\VJLUOVWHQG WRDGRSWPRUHQHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVDQGEHOLHIVDERXWWKHLURZQFRPSHWHQFHV UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHLUDFWXDOVNLOOOHYHOV7KHRQO\UHDOO\VSHFLDOWKLQJDERXWWKHVHFDPSV KDVEHHQWKDWWKH\ZHUHVSHFL¿FDOO\DGYHUWLVHGDVJLUOVRQO\:HKDYHDOVRPDGHVXUH 105 1HZDSSURDFKHVLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQIRU\RXWK WKDWDWOHDVWDSDUWRIWKHLQVWUXFWRUVDUHIHPDOH:HZLOOFRQWLQXHWKHVHWDUJHWHG JURXSDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHIXWXUHDOVRLQFRUSRUDWLQJYLVLWVZLWKIHPDOHUHVHDUFKHUVLQ WKH¿HOG,WKDVEHHQIRXQGWKDWWKLVNLQGRIWDUJHWHGLQWHUYHQWLRQKDVWKHHɣHFWRI LPSURYLQJJLUOV¶DWWLWXGHV7KHLUDWWLWXGHVZHUHPHDVXUHGEHIRUHDQGDIWHUWKHFDPS DQGLWZDVIRXQGRXWWKDWWKHLUPRUHQHJDWLYHSUHFRQFHSWLRQVZHUHLPSURYHGGXULQJ WKHFDPSDFKLHYLQJVLPLODUVHOIHɤFDF\OHYHOVDVER\VKDGDIWHUDVLPLODUFDPS143. 7.3.2 A Model for Supporting the Interests of High-achieving Youth, and Networking Internationally: Millennium Youth Camps $VDVXEMHFWRIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWLQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQDQLQWHUQDWLRQDO FDPSIRUKLJKDFKLHYLQJ\RXWKZDVSODQQHGDQGRUJDQL]HGLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK GLɣHUHQWFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVThe international Millennium Youth Camp ZDVRUJDQL]HGLQ)LQODQGGXULQJ±IRUWKHKLJKDFKLHYLQJ\RXWKDOORYHUWKH ZRUOGLQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK7HFKQRORJ\$FDGHP\RI)LQODQG 7$) DQGODWHURQZLWK $DOWR8QLYHUVLW\1HDUO\FRPSDQLHVSDUWLFLSDWHGDVVSRQVRUVDQGFRRSHUDWLRQ SDUWQHUV7RSUHVHDUFKHUVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGLQFRPSDQLHVXQLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWV LQFOXGLQJ WHDFKHU VWXGHQWV IURP WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HOVLQNL SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHFDPS 7KHLGHDRIWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\XQLTXHVFLHQFHFDPSZDVWRLQFUHDVHWKH\RXWKV¶ LQWHUHVWWRZDUGVQDWXUDOVFLHQFHVDQGWHFKQRORJ\DQGWRWHOODERXW)LQQLVKVNLOOVDQG LQQRYDWLRQVDVZHOODVVWXG\±DQGFDUHHURSSRUWXQLWLHVLQ)LQODQG 3DUWLFLSDQWV ODWHU ZHUHFKRVHQWRWKHFDPSVIURPDSSOLFDQWV WKURXJKDVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVWKDWKDGWZRRUWKUHHVWDJHV$WLWVEHVWWKHUHZHUH SDUWLFLSDQWVIURPFRXQWULHV7KHFKRVHQSDUWLFLSDQWVZHUHGLYLGHGLQWRWHDPV DFFRUGLQJWRWKHWKHPHWKH\KDGFKRVHQ7KHWKHPHVZHUHHJELRVFLHQFHVDQG WHFKQRORJ\HQHUJ\,&7DQGGLJLWDOL]DWLRQIRRGVFLHQFHVDQGWHFKQRORJ\FOLPDWHDQG FOLPDWHFKDQJHPDWHULDOVVFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\DSSOLHGPDWKHPDWLFVUHQHZDEOH UHVRXUFHVZDWHUDQGXUEDQSODQQLQJ7KH\RXWKYLVLWHG)LQQLVKFRPSDQLHVDQG universities in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. During the camp, the participants SURGXFHGDSURMHFWZRUNRIWKHLUWKHPHZLWKWKHLUWHDPVZKLOHEHLQJLQVWUXFWHGE\ VSHFLDOLVWVIURPWKHXQLYHUVLW\DQGVSHFLDOLVWVLQWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU$WWKHHQGRI WKHFDPSWKH\SUHVHQWHGWKHLUSURMHFWZRUNVLQDIRUPDO0LOOHQQLXP Figure 49 (on the next page). An inspiring international Millennium Youth Camp was one research and development project of science education in cooperation with various cooperation partners. Numerous scientific publications and a dissertation have been written on the topic. 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At the final lecture of a course “Chemistry of health and well-being”, the students presented their project works that they had done during the course, to each other and the personnel of the University of Helsinki. 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The publication has been given RYHUWRWKH/80$&HQWUH)LQODQGQHWZRUNEXWWKHHGLWLQJKDSSHQVLQSUDFWLFHLQ FRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL7KH PDJD]LQHKDVDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOVFLHQWL¿FERDUG ,Q/80$7ZDVGLYLGHGLQWRSDUW$DQGSDUW%7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVZDV WRFODULI\WKHSXEOLVKLQJFODVVRIWKHDUWLFOHVWRWKHUHDGHUDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPH GHYHORSWKHHYDOXDWLRQSURFHVV'XULQJWKH\HDUV/80$7KDVHYROYHGDQGEHFRPH PRUHLQWHUQDWLRQDO1RZDGD\V/80$7SXEOLVKHVUHVHDUFKIURPDURXQGWKHZRUOG 7KH/80$7FRQVLVWVRIWZRMRXUQDOV /80$7162DQG/80$7%163%RWKRIWKHVH MRXUQDOVSXEOLVKUHVHDUFKDUWLFOHVIURPWKHUHVHDUFK¿HOGVRIPDWKVFLHQFHDQG WHFKQRORJ\HGXFDWLRQEXWIURPVOLJKWO\GLɣHUHQWYLHZSRLQWV/80$7SXEOLVKHVRQO\ SHHUUHYLHZHGUHVHDUFKDUWLFOHVZKHUHDV/80$7%IRFXVHVRQSXEOLVKLQJDUWLFOH HQWLWLHVRIFRQIHUHQFHVV\PSRVLXPVVHPLQDUVDQGSURMHFWV 158 KWWSV ZZZIDFHERRNFRP+HOVLQNL8QLYHUVLW\6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ 159 KWWSV WZLWWHUFRPWLHGHNDVYDWXV 160 KWWSV ZZZLQVWDJUDPFRPWLHGHNDVYDWXV 161 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVDMDQNRKWDLVWDPHGLDWLHGRWWHHW 162 KWWSV ZZZOXPDW¿LQGH[SKSOXPDW 163 KWWSV ZZZOXPDW¿LQGH[SKSOXPDWE 117 Appendices APPENDICES Appendix 1. The Working Group for the Book 7KHZULWLQJRIWKHERRNKDVEHHQDJUHDWFRPPXQDOSURFHVVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPRWWR RIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRSHUDWLRQV ³Together we are more!´ 7KHHGLWRUVRIWKHERRNKDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQZULWLQJWKHERRN Maija Aksela, Juha Oikkonen and Julia Halonen DVZHOODVPHPEHUVRIWKHVWHHULQJJURXS • Ismo Koponen'HSDUWPHQWRI3K\VLFV )NVFLHQFHODE • Lea Kutvonen'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH /LQNNLVFLHQFHODE • Rami Ratvio'HSDUWPHQWRI*HRJUDSK\ *HRSLVWHVFLHQFHODE • Anna Uitto'HSDUWPHQWRI(GXFDWLRQ /XPDDPEDVVDGRUVSURMHFW DQG • Marjo Vesalainen &HQWUH IRU 8QLYHUVLW\ 7HDFKLQJ DQG /HDUQLQJ VFLHQFH education in humanistic subjects). DQGSUHYLRXVSUHVHQWFRRUGLQDWRUVRIWKH&HQWUH they have participated in ZULWLQJDERXWVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQRQWKHLU¿HOGV) • Pipsa Blomgren VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQFKHPLVWU\ • Tuuli Holttinen (science education in humanistic subjects), • Markus Jylhä VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQJHRJUDSK\DQGJHRVFLHQFHV • Merike Kesler (science education in kindergarten -and class teacher training), • Helena Laasjärvi (science education in biological and environmental sciences), • Laura Lahti (science education in humanistic subjects), • Tapio Rasa VFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQSK\VLFV • Jenni Räsänen (science education in math and statistics) and • Virpi Sumu (science education in computer science) DVZHOODVVSHFLDOLVWVWKDWKDYHRSHUDWHGLQGLɣHUHQWSURMHFWVRIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQ WKH\KDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQZULWLQJWKHSDUWVRIWKHWH[WWKDWDUHPHQWLRQHGLQVLGH parentheses) • Outi Haatainen 6WDU7RSHUDWLQJPRGHO(YHU\GD\FKHPLVWU\SURMHFW/XRYD project) • Jaana Herranen WKH$FW6+(1SURMHFW$JRRGTXHVWLRQSURMHFW • Maya Kaul 5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWSURRIUHDGLQJ • Päivi Kousa WKH&20%/$%SURMHFWDQG6FLHQFHDQGPDWKHPDWLFVLQVRFLHW\ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\FRRSHUDWLRQZLWKFRPSDQLHVSURMHFW • Saara Lehto WKH/80$),1/$1'GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDP • Meri Mikkola5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL WUDQVODWLRQIURP Finnish to English) • Johannes Pernaa &RPSXWHUDVVLVWHGPROHFXODUPRGHOOLQJLQVFKRROWHDFKLQJ SURMHFW,QWHUQDWLRQDO/80$7VFLHQWL¿FSXEOLFDWLRQ • Essi Purhonen WKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WDU7RSHUDWLQJPRGHO&KHPLVWU\DQGDUW science club, StarT virtual club) • Iisa Rautiainen &KHPLVWU\RIKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJSURMHFW&KHPLVWU\DQG art science club) • Maiju Tuomisto (Formative assessment in science education project and 0ROHFXODUJDVWURQRP\LQ/80$HGXFDWLRQSURMHFW • Jaakko Turkka (the Designstem project, StarT virtual club) • Lauri Vihma (e.g. administrative things) Appendix 2. Central Operators of the Science Education Centre 6LQFHRYHUSHRSOHKDYHEHHQDSDUWRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVRIWKH6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ &HQWUH DV ZHOO DV LWV SUHFHGLQJ FHQWUHV ,QIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH FHQWUDO RSHUDWRUVRIWKH/80$&HQWUHFDQEHIRXQGIURPSUHYLRXVDQQXDOUHSRUWV164/HFWXUHU Marja K. MartikainenZDVWKHFRRUGLQDWRURI$LQ2&HQWUHDWWKHEHJLQQLQJDQG SUHYLRXVO\6HQLRU/HFWXUHUMarjo Vesalainen. 6LQFHWKH'LUHFWRURIWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUHKDVEHHQ 3URI PhD Maija AkselaZKRKDVEHHQDSDUWRIWKHRSHUDWLRQVVLQFHDQGWKH &RRUGLQDWRUKDVEHHQ06FJulia Halonen. The Executive Board of the Science Education Centre in 2017–2020 7KH'HDQRIWKH)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFHDSSRLQWVWKH&HQWUH¶VH[HFXWLYHERDUGIRUD WHUPDQGDFWVDVWKH3UHVLGHQWIRUWKHH[HFXWLYHERDUG,QDQHJRWLDWLRQZLWKWKH 5HFWRULQWKH)DOORILWKDVEHHQDJUHHGWKDWWKH)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFHDFWVDVD UHVSRQVLELOLW\XQLWIRUWKH6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQ&HQWUH7KHFXUUHQWH[HFXWLYHERDUGKDV EHHQDSSRLQWHGIRUWKHWHUPRI±7KHDVVHPEO\RIWKHH[HFXWLYH ERDUGLVUHYLHZHGEHFDXVHRIDQLQWHUQDOVWUXFWXUDOFKDQJHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\VLQFH WKHEHJLQQLQJRI6LQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH'HDQRIWKH)DFXOW\RI 6FLHQFHLV3URIPaula Eerola. 164 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVNHVNXVWRLPLQWDNHUWRPXNVHW 119 Appendices The purpose of the Centre’s executive board is to GHFLGHRQVWUDWHJLFDOLJQPHQWVRQWKHSRVVLEOHUHRUJDQL]DWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWLRQV and on long-lasting cooperation contracts DSSURYHDORQJWHUPSODQRIDFWLRQFRQFHUQLQJWKHWHUPDSSURYHWKHEXGJHWDQG WKHDQQXDOSODQRIDFWLRQDQGEXGJHWDQG YHULI\WKHDQQXDOUHSRUW 7KHGLUHFWRURIWKH&HQWUHSURSRVHVWKHUHVROXWLRQVWRWKHH[HFXWLYHERDUG The Steering Group of the Science Education Centre in 2017–2020 7KH&HQWUH¶VVWHHULQJJURXSVXSSRUWVWKHGLUHFWLQJRIWKH&HQWUHDQGWKHSODQQLQJRI WKHRSHUDWLRQV7KHVWHHULQJJURXSFRQVLVWVRIVSHFLDOLVWVIURPGLɣHUHQWXQLWVDWWKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLDQGRIUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIFRRSHUDWLRQSDUWQHUVWKDWRSHUDWH RXWVLGHWKHXQLYHUVLW\7KHPHPEHUVWKDWUHSUHVHQWWKHXQLYHUVLW\FRPPXQLW\ZRUN LQWKH&HQWUH¶VSUDFWLFDOUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRSHUDWLRQV7KHDVVHPEO\RIWKH steering group165FDQEHDOWHUHGÀH[LEO\ The Personnel of the Science Education Centre at the Beginning of 2018 HPDLODGGUHVV ¿UVWQDPHODVWQDPH#KHOVLQNL¿ 3K'3URI Maija Aksela director B.Sc. Pipsa Blomgren FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQFKHPLVWU\ M.Sc. Julia Halonen general coordinator M.Sc. Markus Jylhä FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQJHRJUDSK\ M.Sc. Merike KesleU FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQ kindergarten -and class teacher training B.Sc. Helena Laasjärvi FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQELRORJ\ PhD Laura Lahti FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQ humanistic subjects 3K'3URI Juha Oikkonen vice director M.Sc. Tapio Rasa FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQSK\VLFV M.Sc. Jenni Räsänen FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQPDWKHPDWLFV B.Sc. Virpi Sumu FRRUGLQDWRURIVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQLQFRPSXWHUVFLHQFH 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ 6HUYLFHV¶ YDULRXV ¿HOGV RI RSHUDWLRQ VXSSRUW WKH RSHUDWLRQV RI WKH&HQWUH 165 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿HQVFLHQFHHGXFDWLRQFHQWUHOHDGHUVKLSDQGGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ 120 Appendix 3. The Sponsors of the Operations of the Science Education Centre, and Cooperation Partners 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNLKDVVSRQVRUHGWKH&HQWUH¶VRSHUDWLRQV\HDUO\)RUVHSDUDWH UHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWVDVZHOODVWUDLQLQJSURJUDPVIXQGLQJKDVEHHQ UHFHLYHGIURPQXPHURXVIRXQGDWLRQVDQGFRPSDQLHV)XQGLQJIRUWKHSURMHFWVLQ WKH/80$),1/$1'GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPKDVEHHQUHFHLYHGIURPWKH0LQLVWU\RI (GXFDWLRQDQG&XOWXUH)RUWHDFKHU¶VLQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJVIXQGLQJKDVEHHQUHFHLYHG IURPWKH)LQQLVK1DWLRQDO$JHQF\IRU(GXFDWLRQ0RUHVSHFL¿FLQIRUPDWLRQFDQEH IRXQGIURPSUHYLRXVDQQXDOUHSRUWV166. ,Q RUGHU WR DWWHVW WKH IXQGLQJ RI WKH UHVHDUFKEDVHG GHYHORSPHQW RI QHZ innovations, a Science Education Fund has been opened167. 166 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVNHVNXVWRLPLQWDNHUWRPXNVHW 167 KWWSV ZZZKHOVLQNL¿¿WLHGHNDVYDWXVNHVNXVODKMRLWDWLHGHNDVYDWXVUDKDVWRRQ 121 ISBN 978-951-51-4088-3 UNIGRAFIA HELSINKI 2018