The University of Helsinki Annual Review 2019

Home , Kumpula campus, Stockholm University, University of Helsinki, Utrecht University

ANNUAL REVIEW 2019

503 DOCTORAL DEGREES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019

ANNUAL REVIEW 2019

Published 30 Apr 2020

Editorial board:

Päivi Kuuppelomäki

Jonas Lindholm

Tuula Sunnarborg

Soile Tapio

Translation:

University of Helsinki Language Services UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 INTRODUCTION BY THE RECTOR

LOOKING FORWARD TO NEW INITIATIVES AS WE HEAD TOWARDS 2030

The year 2019 was in many ways significant for the to lobby for sufficient funding for these important is- future of the University of Helsinki. The whole Uni- sues. versity community joined forces in drafting our strategic plan for the next 10 years, and we also lobbied The year 2019 also saw the formulation of our new for university funding through the #Researchmat- strategic plan. Unlike the University’s previous stra- ters campaign. tegic plans, the new one spans 10 years, which means that we are envisioning the future all the way up to The entire Finnish university sector eagerly waited 2030. for the publication of the new Government programme in the spring of 2019 as well as for the re- The most important aspect in the year-long endeav- sults of the budget negotiations that took place the our was that the whole University community had following autumn. However, instead of just waiting the opportunity to participate and have a say in the for things to happen, we made things happen. Since strategic choices to be documented in the plan. Dur- 2018, the University of Helsinki has been a commit- ing this year, the University community was invited ted participant in the #Researchmatters campaign to respond to an online survey in January and Febru- with the aim of defending Bildung and enhancing ary, engage in face-to-face dialogue with the rector high-quality academic education, the appreciation of and vice-rectors in open campus meetings in April, science and funding for the higher education sector. comment on the tentative strategic choices on the Throughout the campaign, we engaged in discus- Flamma intranet in October, and finally, participate sions with political decision-makers and highlighted in an open discussion session held in Think Corner our message in the University’s various communi- in November. In addition to the above joint events, cation channels. The entire University community, faculties and units organised a number of strate- from employees to students, not forgetting our alum- gy-related events over the course of the year. ni and other friends and partners, worked hard for the goals of the campaign. I wish to thank everyone All through the year, the faculties and various com- for their contribution to increasing the University’s mittees also contributed significantly to the drafting impact! of the strategic plan by analysing and collecting material to serve as a basis in the strategy-related dis- In September we received good news: after almost cussion sessions. The committees mentioned above a decade of funding cuts, core funding for Finnish also offered the University community a channel universities was back on track with an annual in- to continuously participate in the strategy process. crease of €40 million in addition to the restoration As well as the University community, alumni, de- of the university index. The Government programme cision-makers and other important stakeholders also included many excellent measures, such as pro- were asked to take part in the strategy planning. moting continuous learning and raising the level of The Board of the University will make the ultimate competence nationally. The University will continue decision on the strategic choices in February 2020. After February, the University will intensify commu- UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 nication about the strategic plan and translate the the vice-rectors were closely involved in the prepara- strategic choices made into concrete implementation tion of the strategic plan when chairing the various plans so that the choices and objectives of the plan committees. The open discussion meetings on the genuinely become part of the everyday life of the campuses with the University community provided University community. the rector and vice-rectors with excellent feedback and information for the further processing of the Both the #Researchmatters campaign and the draft- strategic plan. ing of the strategic plan are fine examples of the power of joining forces to make a difference. Togeth- During 2019, the rector and vice-rectors found suit- er, as a community, we are much more than the sum able work processes for their team, such as working of each of us as individuals. lunches on Mondays to go through topical issues together. The team of rector and four vice-rectors has In 2019, the University’s international activities proved to be a successful ensemble with seamless moved forward in big leaps. We signed a strategic collaboration. As a large university means numerous partnership agreement with the University of Edin- meetings and events requiring participation by the burgh, one of the top universities in the world. More- senior management, a team of five enables the rec- over, we joined the UNA Europa university alliance, tor and vice-rectors to be present for the University also known as the Macron network. The Universi- community. ty hopes that through this alliance, which includes eight leading universities from Europe, it can raise The rector, vice-rectors and University units have its international engagement to an increasingly high- engaged in multifaceted cooperation. In the Univer- er level. The network will diversify our University’s sity’s management group, the leadership of faculties teaching offering by, for example, opening up new and independent institutes regularly review topical opportunities for virtual learning. issues with the rector and vice-rectors. The meetings between campus leaders focus not only on joint Last year also proved that the University of Helsin- matters, but also on campus-specific questions. Fur- ki fares exceptionally well in international compari- thermore, the bi-annual campus meetings with the sons. Even if we disagree on the significance of such rector and vice-rectors open to the entire University rankings, the fact is that they are followed around community provide an opportunity to discuss specif- the world, and some international students even se- ic issues raised by the campus community. lect their future university on the basis of ranking results. The rankings prove that the University of At the start of the new decade, the University of Hel- Helsinki has retained its position at the international sinki ranks among the top one per cent of the world’s top. What is particularly pleasing is our University’s universities. We produce research-based knowledge 15th place in an international ranking that assesses to the benefit of the global community and generate the promotion of sustainable development. For these solutions that can shape the future of our planet and great achievements, praise is due to all members of humanity. I would like to thank each and every mem- the University community. ber of the University community for making this possible! The year 2019 was the first full year in office for the current rector and vice-rectors. The most important Rector Jari Niemelä task of the year was ensuring the progress of the strategy planning process. The rector and vice-rectors played many roles in this process, for example, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 KEY FIGURES IN 2019

31,600 degree students

1,970 international degree students

6,142 completed degrees

1.1 million completed credits

27,531 applicants in main admissions

3,798 new students

28,500 Open University students

8,110 members of staff, of whom 4,638 are teachers and researchers

1,399 international staff members

10,708 publications, of which 73 % are peer-reviewed

3,157 research projects

63rd in the Shanghai ranking of world universities

19 Academy of Finland Centres of Excellence, of which 14 are coordinated from the University of Helsinki

14 Academy Professors

15 researchers from the University of Helsinki on the Highly Cited Researchers list

99 invention disclosures and 28 patent applications

34,384 registered alumni

41 million page visits on the Helsinki.fi website

12,800 international media hits

Operates at 16 locations UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 ORGANISATION 2019 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION BY THE RECTOR...... 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS...... 7

THE CHANGING UNIVERSITY...... 8

STRATEGIC PLAN...... 12

RESEARCH...... 17

EDUCATION...... 29

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT...... 42

A SUSTAINABLE AND RESPONSIBLE UNIVERSITY...... 56

HUMAN RESOURCES...... 60

FINANCES...... 66

SERVICES...... 72

FACILITIES...... 77

UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI GROUP...... 83

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES...... 84

BACKGROUND FIGURES FOR GRAPHS...... 87 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 The changing University THE CHANGING UNIVERSITY

NEW FUNDING MODEL OF THE In the new funding model, the share of completed degrees as a funding criterion increases from the MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND current 19 % to 30 %. Degrees are assigned field-spe- CULTURE AND AGREEMENT cific coefficients, and emphasis is placed on graduation within the target duration of degrees. A second PREPARATIONS higher education degree of the same level as the first is assigned a smaller additional coefficient. The new At the beginning of 2019, the Ministry of Education model decreases the weight of completed doctoral and Culture approved a new universities funding degrees by one percentage point to eight per cent. model for the agreement period from 2021 to 2024. As previously, funding is primarily distributed on the The employment situation of master’s graduates af- basis of performance in research and education. In ter one year of the completion of their degree contin- addition, the Ministry will separately agree on a ues to be surveyed, and its percentage ratio remains strategy-based funding component with each univer- at two. This calculation will be amended, however, as sity. Read more about the funding model for univer- graduates who have taken up self-employment will sities on the website of the Ministry of Education and be assigned higher coefficients. A new follow-up tar- Culture.1 get is the national career tracking survey, the results of which account for two per cent in the new funding Table 1. Core funding model for universities as of model. The weight of student feedback remains un- 2021 changed at three per cent.

Core funding model for universities as of 2021 The share of continuous learning increases in the new funding model from the present two 30 % Bachelor’s degrees and master’s per cent to five per cent. Continuous learning degrees encompasses credits awarded for Open Uni- 5 % Continuous learning versity education, specialisation education Education 42 % 4 % Employed graduates and quality of and non-degree studies, as well as credits employment awarded on the basis of cooperation agree- 3 % Student feedback ments concluded between institutions of high- 8 % Doctoral degrees er education. Research 34 % 14 % Publications The weighting of publications increases from 12 % Competitive research funding the previous 13 % to 14 %. Openly accessible Other education and 15 % Strategic development peer-reviewed publications are assigned an science policy consid- additional coefficient in the new funding mod- erations 24 % 9 % National duties el. The share of internationally competitive re-

1 https://minedu.fi/en/steering-financing-and-agreements

8 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 The changing University search funding increases from three to six per cent, taken in the four focus areas of European studies, while the share of other competitive research fund- cultural heritage, sustainability and data science. ing will remain unchanged at six per cent.

The funding for universities also includes what is known as the strategy-based component, which is based on individual agreements made between uni- STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS versities and the Ministry of Education and Culture. The share of strategy-based funding increases by three percentage points to 15 %. International strategic partnerships enhance the University of Helsinki’s impact as a global force. In In spring 2019, the University of Helsinki and the 2019, the University signed a new strategic partner- ministry launched preparations for a new agreement ship with the University of Edinburgh. The universi- for the period from 2021 to 2024. Over the course of ties will establish joint doctoral student positions in the year, proposals for degree targets and national two fields, namely in forestry and human genomics. duties were completed, while the University was also Goal-driven collaboration in doctoral education will engaged in the preparation of its new strategic plan. open up new kinds of joint ventures and lead to new initiatives and world-class breakthroughs. In addition, the two universities launched innovation and urban collaboration, along with other joint projects.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS The University of Helsinki also has strategic partnerships with Stockholm University and Peking Uni- versity. Under the auspices of the partnership with In June, the University’s International Advisory Stockholm University, a new project known as Arc- Board (IAB) made a site visit at the University of tic Avenue was launched. In this project, research Helsinki to meet with the rector, vice-rectors and groups from both universities are joining forces to other university leadership as well as various spe- become the world’s leading research group in Arctic cialists. The IAB wrote a report of its observations, research. Together with Peking University, the Uni- giving the University a variety of recommendations versity of Helsinki is focusing on enhancing doctoral on aspects such as a research agenda, multi- and education, particularly in the fields of atmospheric crossdisciplinarity, as well as diversity and equality. sciences and air quality, law, education and learning, The University’s management group discussed these computer science and artificial intelligence, and the recommendations in early autumn and specified life sciences. guidelines for their consideration in the activities and development of the University. In autumn 2019, The University’s Finnish strategic partners include the University appointed responsible units and em- Aalto University and the Lappeenranta –Lahti Uni- ployees for implementing each recommendation giv- versity of Technology LUT. Collaboration with the en by the IAB, and the recommendations were also latter mainly takes place with the Lahti University included in the University of Helsinki Implementa- Consortium. tion Plan 2020. The wide-ranging collaboration and division of duties In October, the University of Helsinki made a signif- between the University of Helsinki and Aalto Uni- icant strategic decision by joining the UNA Europa versity is the result of regular meetings and planning alliance, which brings together the oldest top univer- work over many years between the senior leadership sities in Europe. The alliance, including KU Leuven, and vice-rectors of the two universities. Cooperation the University of Edinburgh, the University of Bolo- projects are based on scientific and educational ob- gna, Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Freie Universität jectives, and with these objectives in mind, the ideal Berlin, the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, the composition of participants is considered separately Complutense University of Madrid and the Univer- for each project. Besides projects headed by profes- sity of Helsinki, is building “the university of the fu- sors, the two universities collaborate extensively in ture” and creating a truly European inter-university the organisation of services. environment. Its aims are ambitious: create joint degrees, raise the level of both physical and online mo- An important part of this collaboration is the Ur- bility to a new level, invest in continuous and digital ban Academy, the other partners being the City of learning, and closely cooperate with stakeholders. Helsinki, the City of Espoo and the City of Vantaa. Research collaboration is an important part of the The Urban Academy promotes interaction between activities of UNA Europa, and initiatives have been the above universities and cities to ensure sustain-

9 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 The changing University able urban development. The Urban Academy also Social and Health Research and Management, which accommodates the Master’s Programme in Urban will offer studies as open-enrolment courses. Studies. In the autumn, the Ministry of Education and Cul- A partnership concluded with the University of the ture reopened plans to move the National Repository Arts Helsinki serves as a basis for the preparation Library from Kuopio to Mikkeli and merge it with the of two joint assistant/associate professorships. The National Library of Finland. The updated cost esti- University of Helsinki also boasts other significant mate for the project proved that in the long run, this field-specific partnerships, such as the close collabo- rearrangement would be financially advantageous. ration in the field of medicine with the Hospital Dis- The Government is expected to make the final deci- trict of Helsinki and Uusimaa HUS. sion on the matter in 2020.

As of the beginning of 2019, Helsinki University Mu- seum was transferred to Administrative Services at University Services. STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT

The year 2019 marked the consolidation of the operations of the Helsinki Graduate School of Economics QUALITY MANAGEMENT (Helsinki GSE), established in 2017. Helsinki GSE is a joint venture between the University of Helsinki and its national strategic partners Aalto University In 2019, the further development of the Universi- and the Hanken School of Economics. Preparations ty’s quality-related documentation continued: the were made to incorporate the expertise in the field of updating of the quality system description and the economics at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forest- implementation of process descriptions progressed ry into Helsinki GSE. Preparations were also made as part of the maintenance of the University’s enter- for the launching of the Helsinki Institute for Social prise architecture. The University’s Flamma intranet Sciences and Humanities, scheduled for 2020. and the Instructions for Students and Instructions for Teaching websites together constitute the Uni- With the help of strategic funding from the Ministry versity’s operations manual. of Education and Culture, the University initiated a project for the development of an operations model Responsibilities related to support for quality man- for continuous learning. Under the auspices of this agement were clarified by assigning heads of admin- project, a pilot on Kumpula Campus aims to develop istration the role of quality support providers for the a network model for cross-disciplinary teaching and leadership of their units. In addition, some units, in- learning in the field of artificial intelligence and data dependent institutes in particular, have specifically science. Another pilot is the Master’s Programme in

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Without historical research, Finland will lose its collective memory

Educated scholars of history ensure that a diverse approach based on source criticism is applied to the writing of history.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/higher-education-sci- Picture: 123rf ence-policy/mirkka-lappalainen-without-historical-research-finland-will-lose-its-collective-memory

10 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 The changing University appointed individuals who continue to serve as qual- aim is to draft map-like descriptions of, for example, ity coordinators or liaisons. services, processes and information systems during 2020. After the mapping descriptions, dependency Over the course of 2019, the activities of lean coach- descriptions will follow so that essential descriptions es became well established. In autumn, a new train- for operations management and development can be ing programme for lean coaches was launched compiled. The task of drafting the descriptions is di- with the aim of ensuring adequate support for lean vided between various units, which are supported by development in the various University units. The providing training, coordination and instructions as University’s quality network participated in the de- well as organising description clinics. velopment of quality management by drafting a quality glossary for the University community, among When implementing its new strategic plan, the Uni- other things. versity will support the identification and development of requirements for strategic capabilities. Research at the University of Helsinki was assessed These development requirements will be used to de- between 2018 and 2019. The assessment encom- fine target ideas for projects and development that passed all research conducted at the University, and will first be included in an idea portfolio and then in the aim was to produce an overview of the quali- the University’s project portfolio. ty and impact of this research as well as to identify future research opportunities. The results will be used in preparations for the new strategic plan for DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT the University and in the development efforts of its faculties. The purpose of the University of Helsinki’s shared project management model is to provide a systematic In the autumn, the new Instructions for Teaching approach to project implementation and assessment website was opened to provide University-level in- and to increase the transparency of development ef- structions, for example, for the planning of teaching forts across unit boundaries. The development of the or for the supervision of theses. The intention is that project management model continued throughout during 2020, the website will be supplemented with 2019. The project management model was in active degree programme–specific instructions. use in three units, while four units made preparations for its application in 2019. However, the Uni- In 2019, annual monitoring of degree programmes versity had hoped for a wider adoption of the model. was implemented for the first time as part of the operations management process. The monitoring includ- The model was supplemented with the processes of ed all bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programmes. project portfolio management and by integrating the The quality management and annual monitoring of perspective of enterprise architecture into project life degree programmes is described in detail under Ed- cycles. The University developed training and draft- ucation. ed learning material to support project management.

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PREPARATION FOR THE UPCOMING AUDIT

Enterprise architecture at the University of Helsinki As the University’s quality system will be audited supports the development of operations and infor- in autumn 2021, preparations for the audit were mation systems to enable the University to succeed launched in 2019. The audit steering group began in implementing its strategic plan and fulfilling its operating at the beginning of the year and the audit mission. Enterprise architecture supports manage- project group in August. The audit includes three ment and decision-making, strategic planning and evaluation areas, which are the same for all institu- operations management, quality management, the tions of higher education undergoing an audit. Each development of operations and data systems, as well institute will be free to select a fourth area of eval- as the management of projects and change. Moreo- uation. The University selected the theme Progress ver, it supports the implementation of the new Act on and completion of studies in University of Helsinki Information Management in Public Administration international master’s programmes as the fourth, in providing access to information according to the freely selected area of evaluation. The University de- provisions of the Act. cided to join forces with the University of Edinburgh for the audit’s benchlearning component in 2020. In the autumn of 2019, the University defined ob- The theme of the benchlearning component is the jectives for the enterprise architecture–related de- wellbeing of staff and students. scriptions of its current operations and systems. The

11 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Strategic plan STRATEGIC PLAN

The University of Helsinki intends to contribute to The University defined three strategic objectives for a better, sustainable world by taking an increasing- the strategy period 2017–2020: ly active role in the resolution of global problems. Because the University wishes to be both a nation- • A creative, international environment for learn- al and international force, for the strategy period ing and top-level research 2017–2020 it selected the vision “Global impact in • A focus on the student interaction”. • Resources for reform

Figure 1. University of Helsinki strategic roadmap for 2017—2020.

12 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Strategic plan

STRATEGIC PLAN 2017–2020: Staff recruitment focused especially on measures boosting the University’s employer image and at- IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES IN 2019 tracting international experts. Student recruitment concentrated on producing admission guidelines As defined in the guidelines issued by the Universi- and criteria for 2020–2023 as well as on continuing ty Board, the implementation of the strategic plan the development of entrance examinations and oth- emphasised the following key strategic development er admission and application routes. The number of areas in 2019: applicants to the University’s international master’s programmes continued to grow. • Profile building and recruitment • Competitive degrees For further information on the measures taken to • Development of human resources implement the key strategic area of profile building • An open and innovative operational culture and recruitment, see the sections Research, Educa- tion and Staff. The key strategic development areas for 2019 continued in the direction of the previous focus areas for development. When deciding on the development COMPETITIVE DEGREES areas, the Board stressed the importance of the joint effort of the University community in carrying out In 2019 the University focused on establishing the the strategic plan and its implementation plan while education reform conducted between 2015 and 2017, promoting work and study motivation as well as oc- and prepared for the end of the related transition pe- cupational wellbeing under rapidly changing social riod scheduled for 2020. When degree programmes circumstances. were preparing the new curricula for 2020–2023, the emphases were on removing obstacles to the smooth progress of study, employability and con- PROFILE BUILDING AND RECRUITMENT tinuous learning. The University’s first international bachelor’s programme, the Bachelor’s Programme In accordance with its vision, the University actively in Science, was launched. The Faculty of Theology promotes the wellbeing of humankind and helps to introduced the Study Track in Islamic Theology as build a just society. It has designated the following as part of the Bachelor’s Programme in Theology and its three strategic research areas: Life Sciences, Hu- Religious Studies. Two faculties set up honours pro- man Mind in a Changing World, and Matter and Ma- grammes for students who complete 55 credits per terials. These research areas serve as the basis for the academic year for three years with good grades. University’s funding from the Academy of Finland’s Flagship Programme and the Academy programme To secure the managerial and operational precondi- for the strengthening of university research profiles tions of degree programmes, their quality manage- (PROFI funding). ment system was integrated into the University’s operations management process. The University The University made determined efforts to support created service and annual monitoring practices for multidisciplinary research of a high quality. The aim degree programmes. In the recruitment of teaching was to increase international research funding and and research staff, special attention was paid to the to enhance the University’s business collaboration teaching needs of degree programmes. and innovation activities. The University succeeded in significantly increasing the amount of competitive The University initiated a special project for the op- EU funding. erational development and expansion of continuous learning. The University updated its research infrastructure guidelines and successfully reformed its internal For further information on the measures taken to processes to support applying for national FIRI re- implement the key strategic area of competitive de- search infrastructure funding. The final report of grees, see the section Teaching. the University’s international research assessment was published in September. The assessment results demonstrate that the scientific quality of research at DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES the University of Helsinki is of a high international standard: top-level research can be found on every In order to boost the development of human resourc- campus. es, the University reviewed instructions for target and development discussions to ensure consistent practices and procedures in the discussions. For the

13 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Strategic plan teaching and research staff, the connectivity between The University supported project management and target and development discussions, work plans and leadership as well as lean development by promoting the planning of teaching was intensified by creating a relevant network activities and creating an extensive recommended joint timetable for the entire process. project management package for independent learn- The University also enhanced strategic leadership ers. skills by defining key leadership roles and duties as well as the related qualification requirements. In The Digital Leap in Teaching project focused on the addition, leadership forums on different levels and development of online courses, such as MOOCs, as their purpose were also highlighted. well as 3D modelling and immersive (360) videos. University Services drafted a tentative roadmap for The University’s facilities programme for the period the purpose of ensuring the goal-driven and system- 2021–2030, scheduled to be submitted to the Uni- atic management of digitalisation. Kumpula Campus versity Board for approval in 2020, was extensively continued with its smart campus pilot, which trans- prepared by the University community. forms facilities into modern work environments with the help of digital services. The positive results of the For further information on the measures taken to smart campus pilot have encouraged the University implement the key strategic area of the development to expand the pilot to other campuses. of human resources, see the sections Staff and Fa- cilities. For further information on the measures taken to implement the key strategic area of an open and innovative operational culture, see the sections Educa- AN OPEN AND INNOVATIVE OPERATIONAL tion and Community Relations. CULTURE The “display window” of the University’s open and experimental operations culture, Think Corner, hosted 525 events in 2019, and the number of visitors rose by 15 %. The most significant joint effort to boost work community communication was the redesign of the Flamma intranet. University Services created YPA-Help, an accessible, quick and easy-to- use chat service that helps staff with questions and provides advice related to University Services.

INTERNATIONALLY VISIBLE ONLINE NEWS 2019

Elements of AI online course to expand throughout the European Union

The Elements of AI online course offering basic understanding of artificial intelligence will be translated into all official languages of the European Union. The aim is to teach the basics of artificial intelligence to 1 per cent of EU citizens by 2021.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/ data-science-news/elements-of-ai- online-course-to-expand-throughout-the-european-union

Picture: Reaktor

14 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Strategic plan

A NEW STRATEGY PERIOD IS ON THE Over the spring of 2019, with the help of an environment analysis, the University was able to form an HORIZON — STRATEGIC PLAN OF THE understanding of the questions, trends and factors UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI 2021–2030 that will affect the University’s operations in the long term. Strategic choices based on the environment analysis were formulated in autumn 2019. The writ- The entire University community took part in building process will continue in 2020, and the aim is that ing the University’s future after the preparation of the University Board will approve the strategic plan the strategic plan for the period 2021–2030 was set in February 2020. in motion in January 2019. The University community contributed to the drafting process on various In 2020 the new strategic plan will serve as a basis occasions, for example, by responding to an online for the negotiations between the University and the survey, through the work done in faculties and com- Ministry of Education and Culture concerning the mittees, and the open campus meetings with the agreement period 2021–2024. These negotiations rector and vice-rectors. In addition to the University will cover the shared objectives of Finnish higher community, alumni, decision-makers and other im- education institutions; key institution-specific meas- portant stakeholders were asked to take part in the ures; the mission of each higher education institu- strategy planning. tion, its profile, areas of strength and emerging disciplines; and the maximum number of degrees and the funding to be allocated based on them.

15 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Strategic plan FOLLOW-UP INDICATORS FOR THE STRATEGIC PLAN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI 2017–2020

Table 2. Follow-up indicators of the Strategic Plan of the University of Helsinki 2017—2020

Objective Strategic indicators 2017 2018 2019 2020 Trend

A creative, international environment for learning and top-level research

Position in international rankings 1 82 87 89 50 m

Highly cited and international publications 2 2,958 2,867 3,070 3,000 k

Open access publications 2 4,907 5,130 4,364 2,500 k

FTEs of international teaching and research staff (%) 23 24.4 25.8 30 k

Credits completed during exchange periods by UH students 20,727 20,179 19,054 - g

Credits completed during exchange periods by international m students at the UH 34,773 33,452 31,726 -

Credits completed during exchange periods, total 55,500 53,631 50,780 - m

A focus on the student

Response rate to the student feedback survey (%) 67 69 65 75 m

Number of students with 55 completed credits per academic year g 3 10,518 10,497 10,569 - Ratio of students with 55 completed credits per academic year to g all attending students (%) 3 40.3 40.7 40.8 -

International students enrolled in a master’s programme (%) 7.4 7.1 7.0 20 g

Ratio of international doctoral students to all doctoral students k (%) 20.4 20.2 21.3 35

Completed doctoral degrees 475 444 503 550 k

Resources for reform

Feedback from the workplace wellbeing survey 3.42 3.57 3.7 k

Competitive international research funding (million €) 28 34 34 50 g

Fundraising results (million €) (cumulative since 2013) 47.9 53.9 56.1 100 m

1 Annual average: Shanghai, THE (Times), QS, Taiwan, US News. 2 Situation on 28 Feb 2020. Figures for 2019 will change during 2020. 3 55-credit count based since 2015 on the reviewed definition by the Ministry of Education and the cumulative credit bank system.

16 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research RESEARCH

ACADEMY OF FINLAND FLAGSHIP nificant long-term funding supports systematic operational development and close cooperation among PROGRAMME various parties.

The Academy of Finland’s Flagship Programme pro- The University of Helsinki coordinates, together motes excellent research and broad impact based on with the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa it. The eight-year programme includes six flagships, (HUS), the flagship known as the Digital Precision or hubs of excellence, selected through two applica- Cancer Medicine Platform (iCAN). This flagship con- tion processes. The University of Helsinki is involved nects expertise in precision cancer medicine with the in two of these flagships. The Academy of Finland ongoing digital health revolution, utilising health- funds the Flagship Programme, but the bulk of the care registries and the digitised healthcare system. funding for the selected flagships comes from other The aim is to facilitate breakthrough discoveries sources, such as companies, the EU and the organ- leading to improved treatments and quality of life isations behind the flagships. The provision of sig- for cancer patients. The iCAN flagship has operated

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Research ers discover the Achil- les’ heel of an aggress ive brain cancer - could antihistamine be a poten tial aid in defeat ing cancer ous cells?

Researchers from the University of Helsinki have discovered a chink in the armour of the tumour cells of glioblas- toma, a lethal brain cancer. Alongside Picture: Laakkonen Lab the finding, the researchers also came up with a method for attacking this vulnerability. The results gained in experiments conducted with cell cultures and a mouse model are promising.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/health-news/researchers-discover-the-achilles-heel-of-an- aggressive-brain-cancer-could-antihistamine-be-a-potential-aid-in-defeating-cancerous-cells

17 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research from the beginning of 2019. Finland leads the way in In 2019 the University of Helsinki continued its pro- Europe in engaging the public in planning the EU’s file-building, for example, through the Academy of cancer mission through an event organised in 2020 Finland’s PROFI application process. The aim is to by iCAN. use the sum of €14.7 million received in 2019 to finance 18 tenure-track positions and support services The University of Helsinki participates, together in the following profile-building areas: with VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, in the Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence (FCAI) • Thriving Nature flagship, coordinated by Aalto University. The re- • FinPharma — Finnish Platform for Pharmaceuti- search conducted in this flagship is based on top-tier cal Research expertise in machine learning and multidisciplinary • Mind and Matter — Foundations of Information, collaboration with experts from other fields. The aim Intelligence and Consciousness of the research is to develop artificial intelligence capable of learning, planning and cooperating with At the end of the year, the University had 14 Acade- humans to resolve complex problems. In 2019 the my of Finland professors. The University of Helsin- European Lab for Learning and Intelligent Systems ki heads seven of the Academy’s 12 Centres of Ex- (ELLIS) selected FCAI to host one of the first ELLIS cellence for the period 2018–2025. In addition, the units. As part of its presidency of the Council of the University participates in one Centre of Excellence EU, Finland launched an initiative for the translation that is coordinated elsewhere. Also continuing their of the Elements of AI online course, created by the operations in 2019 were the Centres of Excellence se- University and the Reaktor company, into all official lected for the period 2014–2019 whose funding ter- EU languages. The course has been the most popular minated at the end of the year. Of the 26 Centres of in the history of the University. Excellence in these two programmes, 19 operated at the University of Helsinki in 2019, and the Universi- ty headed 14 of the Centres.

The European Research Council (ERC) awarded TOP-QUALITY RESEARCH one of its highly competitive Synergy Grants to a University of Helsinki researcher for the first time. These ERC grants support high-quality research The University’s research was assessed in 2018– projects carried out by a multidisciplinary group of 2019. The assessment results indicate that the scien- two to four individual researchers with complemen- tific quality of research at the University of Helsinki tary research expertise. The grant received by the is of a high international standard: top-level research University of Helsinki researcher was the second can be found on every campus. The societal impact ever Synergy Grant awarded to a researcher work- and public engagement of the units assessed was also ing in Finland. Of the funding provided to individ- considered mainly excellent or very good. ual researchers, the ERC awarded Starting Grants to two and Consolidator Grants to three University The assessment encompassed all research activities of Helsinki researchers. In the application process at the University, including all fields of research. The for Advanced Grants, which concluded at the end of activities were assessed from the perspectives of sci- 2019, the University participated in one project as a entific quality, societal impact, research environment partner. The University of Helsinki’s ERC-funded re- and unit viability. The assessment was carried out by searchers also performed very well in the application four panels of international experts in the following process for Proof of Concept funding, intended for fields: humanities, life sciences, natural sciences and the identification of innovation potential and the ex- social sciences. The panels visited Helsinki in March ploitation of commercial potential. All four Proof of 2019, and the assessment results were published in Concept applications by University researchers were September 2019. The assessment process was man- successful. aged by the Research Assessment Office (RAO) and led by a steering group appointed by the rector. Further information on research funding can be found in the Finances section. The assessment results have been used in preparing the University’s new strategic plan for 2021–2030, in addition to which faculties and Research Services have used them in planning their operational development. The information gathered for the assessment also supports preparations for the audit of the University’s quality system.

18 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES The aim of the project is to increase researchers’ awareness of the significance of open-access publishing, related services and publishing options. The review of the University’s research infrastructure guidelines proceeded in cooperation between Helsinki University Press HUP1, owned by the Uni- the research infrastructure committee and Research versity of Helsinki and managed jointly by Helsinki Services. The guidelines were drawn up using the University Library and the Gaudeamus publishing results of a workshop organised in autumn 2019 for house, is a scientific publisher that makes all its pub- those involved in research infrastructures in the Hel- lications openly available. HUP will publish its first sinki Metropolitan Area. books in 2020.

The University of Helsinki performed well in the ap- The University of Helsinki was the first Finnish uni- plication process for the Academy of Finland’s FIRI versity to begin the digital long-term preservation of (Finnish Research Infrastructures) funding: eight its research data. The continuous data produced by infrastructures proposed by the University received the SMEAR measuring stations between 1992 and funding. The total amount of funding received was 2018 as well as data relating to the Glanville fritil- €10 million, or 38 % of the overall amount of €26 lary butterfly were selected for a related pilot pro- million of FIRI funding granted to 13 Finnish infra- ject. Long-term preservation represents a historical structure consortia. Internally, the University paid reform in the availability of digital research data: it particular attention to the connection of the infra- ensures the preservation of data for research use for structure projects to the University’s local and na- dozens or even hundreds of years to come. tional strategic development. The most important international event relating to research data in 2019 was the plenary meeting of the Research Data Alliance (RDA) in the autumn. The aim of this meeting was to promote the openness and OPEN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH reuse of research data worldwide. The University of Helsinki was one of the organisers of the meeting, and various supplementary events, seminars and The preparation of a national strategic plan for open working meetings were also arranged during the science began at the end of 2018, and the first results same week at the City Centre Campus. This was the were published in 2019. The University of Helsinki first time the plenary was held in Finland. The num- participated on many levels in the preparation of ber of participants totalled approximately 500. national strategies, guidelines and recommendations concerning open science in the expert panels The University of Helsinki’s 2019 Open Science and working groups coordinated by the Federation Award highlighted the role of faculties and re- of Finnish Learned Societies. Documents completed search-focused independent institutes in the pro- in 2019 included the guidelines for open-access pub- motion of open science. The award was presented to lishing, the executive plan for journal and conference the Finnish Museum of Natural History (Luomus), publications, the recommendation on permanent which has developed and continues to maintain sig- identifiers for research resources and the recommen- nificant open science services and databases for both dation on responsible researcher evaluation. researchers and the general public. In addition, Luo- mus has a long tradition of organising and develop- The maturity evaluation of the openness of opera- ing citizen science. tional cultures, carried out by the Ministry of Educa- tion and Culture at four-year intervals, was conduct- Further information on open science services can be ed in 2019. The aim of this evaluation was to survey found in the section Services under the subsections the situation of Finnish higher education institutions describing the services provided by Helsinki Univer- and other research organisations in the promotion of sity Library and the National Library of Finland. open science and research. The publication of the final evaluation results was postponed until early 2020.

In November 2019, Helsinki University Library launched a two-year project for the expansion of open-access publishing, particularly self-archiving.

1 https://www.hup.fi/

19 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

RESEARCH FUNDING SERVICES themselves with the University of Copenhagen and the Technical University of Denmark in an effort to establish best practices. The reinforcement of cooperation between on-site Research Funding Services and the academic leaders of faculties and other units has continued. The aim has been to establish more proactive forms of support for research funding applications. Campuses LOBBYING THE EUROPEAN UNION carried out pilot projects, for example, to encourage suitable individuals to apply for Individual Fellow- ships under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions In 2019 the University of Helsinki targeted the EU programme. The pilot projects have helped identify with active lobbying efforts. The University contrib- areas of application support that require further de- uted in various ways to the discussion on European velopment. science and research policy as well as the definition of goals for the Horizon Europe framework pro- The duties of Research Funding Services are not gramme and its strategic planning. In addition, the only to support and assist researchers with funding University published its views on the EU’s future applications, but also, importantly, to increase re- multi-year funding frameworks on several occasions, searchers’ own application capabilities, for example, particularly with regard to funding instruments that through training in writing applications. Such train- are important for the University, such as the Horizon ing was offered in 2019 to various groups, including Europe and Erasmus+ programmes. postdoctoral researchers in the life sciences. Particularly important for EU lobbying were the Support for applicants has also been further devel- numerous meetings with representatives of the Eu- oped by establishing service paths that have been ropean Commission Directorates-General, the cabi- transformed into products. In 2019 the University nets of EU commissioners and the European Parlia- outlined a well-functioning service process for re- ment. The University rector and vice-rectors visited searchers planning to coordinate consortium pro- Brussels twice in 2019. The goals of these visits in- jects funded by the EU framework programme. cluded not only lobbying related to the EU’s future programmes, but also increasing awareness of the The increasing competition for research funding University’s strategic research fields within the EU. also requires the University to strengthen the pro- The autumn visit by the rector and vice-rectors co- fessional standard of its research services and com- incided with Finland’s presidency of the Council of pare practices internationally. The grant coaches the EU as well as the period following the European working at Research Funding Services familiarised Parliament elections and the hearings of commis-

INTERNATIONALLY VISIBLE ONLINE NEWS 2019

The last mammoths died on a remote island

Isolation, extreme weather, and the possible arrival of humans may have killed off the holocene herbivores just 4,000 years ago.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/ life-science-news/the-last-mammoths-died-on-a-remote-island

Photo: Juha Karhu

The news about woolly mammoths extinction got nearly 200 hits in international media. It was read in English, Chinese, Korean, Russian, Arabic, German and French. Estimated amount of potential readers was 480 million. It was the most widely read of the University of Helsinki news in 2019.

20 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research sioner candidates. The visit focused on establishing on the life sciences and was hosted by the University connections with the EU’s new key individuals and of Helsinki’s doctoral students. The focus was on the strengthening cooperation with policymakers. In presentation of top research at the Viikki, Kumpula addition to these visits, University representatives and Meilahti campuses. In addition, the delegation made monthly visits to Brussels for various meetings participated in the PhD Symposium of the Doctor- and assignments. al Programme in Integrative Life Science (ILS) and visited the Solna Campus of the Karolinska Institutet Last year, the University of Helsinki participated in Stockholm. Following an application to the Finn- in the first joint high-level lobbying trip of Nordic ish National Agency for Education’s Asia funding universities. A delegation of more than 60 rectors programme, the summer school received a total of and vice-rectors shared their views with EU deci- €37,000 for 2019–2021. sion-makers on issues such as the key role played by top-level research in the promotion of the EU’s A project on the future of doctoral education, carried competitiveness as well as on the future investments out together with Demos Helsinki, included the ex- Europe must make in research, development and in- change of opinions on how doctoral education corre- novation. sponds to the needs of academic and other employment. The representatives of doctoral programmes As part of its lobbying, the University of Helsinki and stakeholders as well as doctoral students and organised five events in Brussels on topics ranging their supervisors participated in workshops to devel- from open science and the future funding models of op practices for interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral top research to the expansion of the Elements of AI cooperation between the doctoral programmes. online course to the EU level and the University’s research cooperation in Africa.

BUSINESS COLLABORATION AND DOCTORAL EDUCATION COMMERCIALISATION

The University’s income received directly from The University took the strategic measure of launch- companies (research and commissioned research) ing an international application procedure for doc- increased by 15 %, from €7.4 million in 2018 to toral student positions focusing on the multidisci- €8.5 million in 2019. The increase was particularly plinary applications of artificial intelligence. This marked in funding from countries outside the EU. initiative, fairly extensive by Finnish standards, will Business Finland granted co-innovation funding to, provide funding for 11 four-year doctoral student po- for example, the AI in Learning and MegaSense re- sitions in 10 doctoral programmes at seven faculties. search projects. In total, the funding from Business Finland grew by 30 % from the previous year. Key development areas in terms of support for doctoral students were the enhancement of supervision Business collaboration and innovation activities arrangements for doctoral theses and the wellbeing were discussed at a meeting of the University’s In- of doctoral students. The supervision arrangements ternational Advisory Board (IAB). In its recom- were enhanced by introducing thesis committees for mendations, the IAB proposed the more effective all those beginning their doctoral education in the integration of innovation activities and business col- doctoral programmes. The thesis committees led to laboration into research and teaching. Where possi- the increasing use of the Thessa application for the ble, this recommendation will be taken into account supervision of doctoral theses, the monitoring of doc- in the University’s new strategic plan and its imple- toral studies and related reporting on all campuses. mentation. Topics related to the wellbeing of doctoral students were also explored during the national doctoral edu- The University’s business collaboration and innova- cation day in October 2019 in Helsinki. tion activities were developed through several new initiatives in 2019. The steering group for business International cooperation in doctoral education pro- collaboration and innovation activities, consisting of vided an important practical model for the promo- University staff with expertise in academic business tion of the strategic partnership with Peking Univer- collaboration and of representatives of key stake- sity (PKU). The first PKU-Helsinki Summer School holders, began its operations and participated in was organised in Helsinki in August, with 15 partic- drawing up the University’s new strategic plan. The ipants from PKU. The first summer school focused steering group’s aim is to submit a concrete proposal

21 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research for University-level objectives for business collabo- ing from Business Finland’s “New knowledge and ration and innovation activities, outline measures business from research ideas” scheme. Business Fin- and a related timetable, create an approach and draw land’s funding for ongoing projects totalled €7.6 mil- up instructions for various forms of business collab- lion (€8.3 million in 2018) for the years 2019–2021, oration and innovation activities, and monitor and depending on project timetables. supervise the development of a partnership model for the University’s business collaboration. The University received 99 invention disclosures, down 4 % from 2018 (103). The number of first ap- A campus advisory council was established at Viikki plications for a patent went down from 15 in 2018 to Campus together with the City of Helsinki, the Nat- five in 2019. The size of the University’s patent port- ural Resources Institute Finland, the Finnish Envi- folio decreased to 45 families of patents. In total, the ronment Institute and the Finnish Food Authority. number of individual patent applications was 28 (43 The advisory council is to improve the preconditions in 2018). of innovation and research cooperation at Viikki Campus and to develop infrastructure and visibility. The University of Helsinki participated for the fifth Interesting, high-potential platforms of business col- time in the Slush startup and investor event with laboration and innovation activities launched most the aim of finding entrepreneurs and investors for recently include the Academy of Finland Flagships, spinouts based on University research. the iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flag- ship, which the University of Helsinki is coordinating, and the Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI, which Aalto University is coordinating and in which the University of Helsinki is a partner. PUBLICATIONS

In 2019 the University’s researchers and teachers produced a total of 10,708 publications, of which COMMERCIALISATION 7,852 were peer-reviewed scientific articles and books, and 2,856 were publications focused on public engagement. Helsinki Innovation Services Ltd (HIS) supports researchers in the commercialisation of their research The figure shows the development of publication results. At the end of 2019, the University of Helsinki numbers over the past four years. had 19 projects (21 in 2018) that had received fund-

Figure 2. Publication figures. Situation on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same reporting period.

14 000

12 000 11 446 10 817 10 926 10 708

10 000

7 852 8 000 7 249 7 239 7 505

6 000

4 207 4 000 3 568 3 421 2 856

2 000

0 All publications (A–E) Number of scientific peer-reviewed Number of publications with a focus on publications (A, C) public engagement (B, D, E) 2016 2017 2018 2019

22 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

Table 3. Publication numbers according to the Ministry of Edu- the trend has been one of decline. The cation and Culture classification of publication types. Situation good result for 2017 can probably be on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same attributed to the collection of informa- reporting period. tion at that time for research assessment purposes, which typically also Publication categories 2017 2018 2019 increases reporting on publications of Peer-reviewed scientific articles (A) 7,000 7,306 7,618 this type. Scientific monographs (C1) 94 101 96 Whereas peer-reviewed scientific pub- Edited scientific books, conference lications are reported fairly steadily proceedings or special issues of journals 145 98 138 each year, the reporting of publications (C2) focused on public engagement shows Non-refereed scientific articles (B) 1,247 900 960 more annual variation. As can be seen Publications intended for professional 1,983 1,738 1,260 in the table, the data for 2019 indicate communities (D) a particular decline in publications in- Publications intended for the general tended for professional communities, public (E) 977 783 636 or types D1–D6 in the Ministry of Ed- ucation and Culture classification of The number of peer-reviewed scientific publications publication types. increased by 347 (4.6 %) from the same period in the previous year. The ratio of peer-reviewed scientific When examined by campus, the City Centre Campus publications to all reported publications in the data produced the most publications (a total of 5,362), of for 2019 was 73 %. On 28 February when the data which 65 % were peer-reviewed scientific publica- are compiled, the annual number of peer-reviewed tions. Their number at the City Centre Campus saw a scientific publications has been 7,300 on average significant increase – 28 % – from the previous year. (2016–2018), so the result for 2019 can in this re- The table below shows publication activity by cam- spect be described as good. pus in 2019.

The University of Helsinki plays an important role The Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Science in public discussion. One way in which it does this is publish the highest number of peer-reviewed sci- by producing non-refereed scientific papers as well entific articles, whereas the Faculty of Arts and the as publications intended for either professional com- Faculty of Social Sciences top the list in the number munities or the general public. Peer-reviewed publi- of scholarly books published. Just over half of the cations also have a societal impact, but their primary publications issued by the Faculty of Theology focus audience consists of researchers in the field. on public engagement. Publications focused on public engagement also account for almost half of all re- The number of publications focused on public en- ported publications in 2019 at the Faculty of Law. gagement decreased by 16.5 % from the previous year, totalling 2,856. In recent years, the number of As publication numbers for 2019 will still be report- publications focused on public engagement has to- ed in the course of 2020, the final figures will not be talled an average of 3,700 at the time of compiling available until the 2020 annual report. The annual the statistics (average for 2016–2018). These publi- number of publications after retrospective reporting cation types went underreported in 2019. A clear in- has totalled nearly 12,100 (average for 2015–2017). crease can be seen in the time series of publications The annual percentage of retrospectively reported focused on public engagement for 2017, after which publications has varied from 8 % to 10 %. It was ap-

Table 4. Publication activity by campus. Situation on 28 February 2020. The figures cannot be added up because co-authored publications may appear in the figures for several campuses.

Grouping City Centre Kumpula Meilahti Viikki All publications (A–E) 5,362 1,729 3,401 1,809 Number of scientific peer-reviewed publications (A, C) 3,484 1,603 2,650 1,485 Share of scientific peer-reviewed publications (A, C) 65 % 93 % 78 % 82 % Number of publications with a focus on public engagement (B, D, E) 1,878 126 751 324 Share of publications with a focus on public engagement (B, D, E) 35 % 7 % 22 % 18 %

23 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

Table 5. Co-authored publications. Situation on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same reporting period. Publication type 2017 2018 2019 International co-authored publications, all publication types 4,027 4,153 4,542 International co-authored publications, share of all publications 35 % 38 % 42 % International co-authored publications, peer-reviewed scientific publications 3,707 3,941 4,254 International co-authored publications, share of peer-reviewed scientific publications 51 % 53 % 54 % National co-authored publications, all publication types 4,611 4,504 3,829 National co-authored publications, peer-reviewed scientific publications 3,224 3,345 3,137

proximately 7 % for 2018, slightly less than in the Learned Societies. It should be noted that the Pub- previous year. The number of retrospectively report- lication Forum is a national system and thus differs ed publications focusing on public engagement is from other, for example, Nordic classifications. proportionally higher than the number of retrospectively reported peer-reviewed scientific publications. In its strategic plan for 2017–2020, the University established a policy whereby the number of peer-reviewed scientific publications appearing in publi- JOINT PUBLISHING cations with the highest ratings in the Publication Forum will be monitored. The Ministry of Education A total of 42 % of all University of Helsinki publica- and Culture confirms the Publication Forum levels tions in 2019 were based on international coopera- of the reported output during the following year, but tion. The number of co-authored international pub- it can be estimated that slightly over 3,000 publica- lications increased slightly from the previous year. tions, or 38 % of the peer-reviewed scientific publi- The number of co-authored international peer-re- cations produced at the University of Helsinki, ap- viewed scientific publications was 4,254, or 54 % of peared in publication channels of levels 2 and 3. The all peer-reviewed scientific publications. number of high-quality and international publications has increased by some 15 % from the previous The number of co-authored Finnish publications year. was 3,829 (36 % of all publications). The co-authors of these publications include staff not only from the University of Helsinki, but also from other Finnish OPEN-ACCESS PUBLISHING higher education institutions and research organisations. As for peer-reviewed scientific publications, The University of Helsinki’s strategic plan for 2017– 40 % were based on Finnish cooperation. Joint pub- 2020 states that the University will be a pioneer in lishing with other Finns appears to have decreased the production and exploitation of open knowledge. slightly when comparing the data for 2019 and 2018, respectively. Figure 3. Open-access publishing of peer-reviewed scientific publications. Situation on 28 February The table above shows the data on co-authored pub- 2020. Figures for the previous year from the same lications in a three-year time series. reporting period.

5 000 4 364 HIGH-QUALITY AND INTERNATIONAL PUBLI- 3 993 4 000 CATIONS 3 337 2 870 The publication channels for international publi- 3 000 cations are grouped in accordance with the classifi- 2 000 cation system of the Finnish Publication Forum1. It is a rating and classification system supporting the 1 000 quality assessment of research output which oper- 0 ates under the auspices of the Federation of Finnish Open-access publications Self-archived publications 2018 2019 1 https://www.julkaisufoorumi.fi/en/publication-forum

24 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

In accordance with the University’s principles of the increase in the number of full-time equivalent open-access publishing, approved in 2017, all scien- international staff. The higher percentage of Eng- tific publications produced at the University will, as lish-language publications is also due to the decrease a rule, be openly available and self-archived in the over the previous year in reporting activity for pub- University’s publication repository. lications focused on public engagement because Finnish is used in such publications more often than Of the peer-reviewed scientific articles published in in peer-reviewed publications. The share of Finn- 2019, 4,364 (57 %) were reported as being openly ish-language publications decreased by 5.6 % from available, a marked increase from the previous year. the previous year to 23.4 % in the data for 2019. More than half (52 %) of the peer-reviewed scientific articles published in 2019 have been self-archived The figure shows the language distribution of publi- in the University’s HELDA repository or another cations in the data for 2019. publication archive, a much higher figure than in the previous year (39 %). The increase can be partly During the year, University of Helsinki researchers attributed to Helsinki University Library’s self-ar- published not only in Finnish, Swedish and English, chiving services for researchers in 2019. During the but also in, for example, Russian, German, French, year, the University also took several other meas- Italian, Norwegian and Spanish. ures that support open-access publishing. Further information can be found in the sections Research, Open science and research and Services, including HIGHLY CITED RESEARCHERS the subsections describing the services provided by Helsinki University Library and the National Library Highly Cited Researchers (HCRs), based on the Web of Finland. of Science database and maintained by Clarivate An- alytics, is a list of the top 1% of all researchers in their field. It is the most renowned ranking for cited re- LANGUAGES OF PUBLICATION searchers. The 2019 list is based on articles and surveys published in scientific journals between 2008 In accordance with the University of Helsinki lan- and 2018. A key indicator in the Shanghai ARWU guage policy, the University bears responsibility for ranking is the number of the HCRs’ primary affilia- its internationalisation and safeguards the position tions with the university in question. of the national languages (Finnish and Swedish) as languages of science. The University strives for a The number of broad fields is 21, excluding the hu- functional multilingualism that promotes creative manities. A new ‘cross-field’ category was first estab- thinking and a community spirit. lished in 2018 to encompass researchers who do not make the list in any one field, but who have issued The bulk (72.5 % in 2019) of all publications are in publications in several broad fields and whose total English. The percentage of English-language pub- number of publications in these fields and total cita- lications is even higher for peer-reviewed scientific tion score exceeds the minimum values for inclusion publications, at 89.4 %. This is partly explained by in the top 1%.

Figure 4. Language distribution of publications in In 2019 the list included a total of 6,216 mentions of 2019. Situation on 28 February 2020. names, or 2.3 % more than in the previous year. The same person can be listed in several fields. In 2019 a

Other total of 191 researchers were listed in two fields, and 2,5 % 10 researchers in three fields. Finnish 23,4 % The total number of affiliations of researchers employed by the University of Helsinki went down from 18 to 15. The number of primary affiliations de- Swedish creased from 14 to 11, while the number of secondary 1,7 % affiliations remained steady at four. In the group of Nordic universities, the University of Helsinki is now in shared second place in the number of primary affiliations. English 72,5 % Due to methodological changes, the number of researchers on the list decreased in most countries; in the Nordic countries, for instance, the number of

25 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

Table 6. Highly cited researchers (top 1%), figures for Nordic universities in 2018 and 2019.

Primary Primary Nordic Nordic Change, position position University Country affiliation affiliation Change 2018, 2019, number (%) 2018 2019 number number

1 1 University of Copenhagen Denmark 26 17 -9 -34,6 % 2 2 Karolinska Institutet Sweden 18 11 -7 - 8,9 % 3 2 University of Helsinki Finland 14 11 -3 -21,4 % 7 4 Aalborg University Denmark 9 10 1 11,1 % 8 4 Stockholm University Sweden 7 10 3 42,9 % primary affiliations dropped from 201 to 145 (-28 %). ry, which allows for an unbiased view of the various The methodological changes also meant that the publication and citation practices in different fields. share of cross-field researchers on the list increased considerably, from 33 % to 40 %, replacing research- All faculties exceeded the world average. The highest ers representing an individual field. Most of this averages were achieved by HiLIFE (2.40), the Fac- increase can be attributed to researchers from two ulty of Medicine (2.14) and the Faculty of Theology countries: the United States now accounts for 45 % (2.11). In 2016–2019 the overall impact score of the and China for 12 % of the 2,491 researchers in this University’s publications was 1.87. category. This impact score is affected, in particular, by This year, the HCR list features 21 researchers from open-access publishing. The impact of the Universi- Finnish universities and research institutes, 12 fewer ty’s open-access publications (2.29) is considerably than in the previous year. Just over half of these re- higher than that of its other publications (1.25). This searchers (11) are employed by the University of Hel- difference is especially evident at HiLIFE (open-ac- sinki. The field best represented on the current list of cess publications: 2.72; others: 1.34). Finnish researchers is geosciences (six researchers, or 29 %), of whom five are from the University of The impact score of international co-authored pub- Helsinki. The second-best represented is the cross- lications was 2.31, and 2.01 for national co-authored field category (three researchers, or 14 %). publications. The impact score of other publications (1.10) was clearly lower. As provided in HRC metrics recommendations, the focus in comparing and naming individual research- The coverage of different fields of science and, hence, ers should be on expert assessments, which is impos- different faculties (findability in the citation database sible in broad comparisons based on various indica- used) varies significantly. HiLIFE has the best cover- tors. age with 91.3 % of reported A1–A4 category publications. The Faculty of Law has the poorest coverage with 14.6 %. As poor coverage is strongly linked with THE CITATION IMPACT OF FACULTIES IN the language of publication and field-specific citation RELATION TO THE WORLD AVERAGE conventions, faculties at the City Centre Campus, where Finnish-language publications are common, By linking the data on peer-reviewed unit-specific re- obtain lower coverage figures in international data- search publications with externally analysed data, it bases. However, it is worth noting that the coverage is possible to make a direct comparison to the world of the City Centre Campus faculties has surged, re- average, which, according to the definition, is always flecting their investment in high-quality English-lan- equal to one. guage publication channels.

The faculties’ peer-reviewed scientific articles on levels A1–A4 from 2016–2019 were analysed in the InCites database based on the Web of Science. In InCites, publications are normalised (Category Nor- malized Citation Impact, CNCI) by subject catego-

26 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research

Figure 5. Faculty performance in relation to the world average and coverage of the material. World average = 1. Figure also includes faculty/unit-specific coverage. CNCI data included herein are derived from InCites ®, © Copyright Clarivate Analytics ® 2020. All rights reserved.

120 %

Biological and Environmental Sciences 100 % Pharmacy HiLIFE

80 % Veterinary Medicine

Agriculture and Medicine Foresty Science 60 %

overage Social Sciences C

40 % Swedish School of Educational Sciences Social Science

20 % Arts Law Theology

0 % 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 CNCI The size of the circle indicates the total number of publications.

CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH One of the individual topics emerging from the data PUBLICATIONS BY TOPIC is research on aerosol nucleation events, a topic in which the University of Helsinki accounted for 11 % The Academy of Finland’s State of scientific re- of all research publications. search 2018 report examined the topics of publications based on the mutual citation relations of publications in the Scopus database. The SciVal analysis ARTICLES IN RESPECTED JOURNALS tool classifies publications with strong mutual citation relationships into topics. Topic clusters provide In 2019 the highly esteemed multidisciplinary jour- more detailed information than field-specific classi- nals Nature and Science published a total of 18 arti- fications on the themes of the University’s research cles with at least one author affiliated with the Uni- publications. According to the Academy of Finland’s versity of Helsinki. report, the most highly clustered publications have a clearly higher impact than other publications. The 11 articles published in Nature focused on the fields of molecular biology and genetics, plant sci- The 100 biggest clusters of the University of Helsin- ence, clinical medicine, geosciences, ecology and bi- ki’s publications (2018–2019) include almost half the ochemistry, whereas the seven articles published in publications (48 %) issued in that period. The pub- Science focused on the fields of ecology, geosciences, lication clusters containing the highest number of genetics and immunology. publications include major co-authored publications in physics (particle physics and fusion research), aerosol research, childhood obesity research, soil, ONLINE VISIBILITY OF PUBLICATIONS biochar and forest research, and research on occupational wellbeing and intestinal bacteria. The online visibility of scientific publications – the attention paid to publications on social media (e.g., Twitter and Facebook), news services and other on-

27 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Research line sources – can be tracked using the specific tools tracked by the service in 2019. The total number of altmetrics. of mentions was 101,534. In quantitative terms, the largest number of mentions were from Twitter The online visibility of peer-reviewed (A and C) (93,143) and news services (5,696). publications issued in 2019 was explored using the Altmetric Explorer database, developed for this pur- The publications that received the most mentions on pose. The most comprehensive percentage of publi- Twitter were articles in the fields of medicine, envi- cations found in the database were those attributed ronmental sciences and biological sciences. The pub- to the faculties of the Viikki, Kumpula and Meilahti lications that received the most attention in interna- campuses (70–90 % of peer-reviewed publications tional news services were from the fields of medicine, in 2019). In contrast, approximately 50 % of the environmental sciences, astronomy, physics and ar- publications produced by the Faculty of Educational chaeology. Sciences, the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of So- cial Sciences and some 20–30 % of the publications When examining the online visibility of publica- produced by the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of tions, it is important to remember that there are no Theology were found in the database. The differenc- well-established tracking indicators and that the es in coverage are due to the fact that the database ones available do not take the field of the publica- used mostly contains English-language article pub- tion into account. Annual variation may be down to, lications. for example, changes in the methods used by various visibility services. The analysis was based on 5,109 publications, of which 4,690 were mentioned in an online source

28 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education EDUCATION

APPLICANTS AND STUDENTS tion For All) project, in which students supplement their skills in computer science and can even gain a ADMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY study right for the Bachelor’s Programme in Com- puter Science. Gaining such a right requires strong commitment and industrious studying in the project BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S PROGRAMMES for a year as a student of the Open University.

A total of 27,531 (27,741 in 2018) people applied for The number of prospective students applying first-cycle (bachelor’s) programmes as well as de- through the transfer application procedure also in- gree programmes in medicine and dentistry in the creased clearly, to 132 (84 in 2018). spring 2018 joint application procedure. In addition, 1,678 people (1,325 in 2018) applied for Finn- A total of 3,494 people (3,899 applications) applied ish- and Swedish-language second-cycle (master’s) for international master’s programmes through the programmes through the same procedure. A total winter 2019 admission procedure, up 33 % from of 4,094 students (4,054 in 2018) were admitted to the year before. There was a 2.5-fold increase in the the University of Helsinki through this procedure: number of applicants to the University of Helsinki’s 3,672 (3,689 in 2018) to bachelor’s programmes and international master’s programmes in 2018–2019. 422 (365 in 2018) to Finnish- and Swedish-language This was due, for example, to the new attractive de- master’s programmes. gree programmes and their successful global digital marketing. The tuition fees for applicants from out- A total of 235 people (146 in 2018) applied to the side the EU and EEA countries, introduced in 2017, University through the Open University route, an in- have not had a negative impact on interest in stud- crease of 62 % from the previous year. The primary ying at the University of Helsinki. Only in the first reason for this growth was the DEFA (Digital Educa-

Table 7. Applicants, admitted students and applicants who have accepted a place.

Applicants who have Application route Applicants Admitted accepted a place Joint admissions: bachelor’s programmes and degree programmes in medicine and dentistry 27,531 3,672 3,445

Joint admissions: Finnish- and Swedish-language master’s programmes 1,678 422 402

Multilingual and English-language master’s programmes 3,494 839 462 Open University route 235 147 115 Transfer applicants 84 50 37

29 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

Table 8. Applicants, admitted students and applicants who have accepted a place in a doctoral programme.

Applications to doctoral programmes Nov 2018 Feb 2019 Apr 2019 Sep 2019 Total

Applications 31 146 353 648 1,178 Individual applicants 31 144 348 593 1,116 Admitted 27 135 237 448 847 Applicants who have accepted a place 27 130 232 427 816 year after the introduction of the fees was there a A total of 1,178 applications were received in 2019, slight dip in the number of applications. 847 applicants were admitted and 816 students accepted the place offered to them. The applications The percentage of non-EU and non-EEA applicants were not distributed evenly between the four appli- increased from the previous year (64 % in 2019 and cation rounds: just 31 applications were submitted 59 % in 2018). Nigerian, Ghanaian and Indian na- in the November 2018 round, whereas 648 applica- tionals submitted the most applications. In total, tions were submitted in the September 2019 round. applications were submitted by citizens of 130 coun- Twelve options were available for application in the tries. Finnish applicants accounted for 26 % (28 % in November 2018 application round (applications 2018). International master’s programmes admitted were submitted for 11 options), whereas all 32 doc- 839 applicants, most of whom were from Finland, toral programmes offered options in the September China, the United States and India. round. In addition, applications could be submitted in the September round for salaried doctoral student The University’s own grant system covering tuition positions. fees was offered for the second year. The Universi- ty awards grants on academic grounds to the most suitable applicants. Grant applications were received DEVELOPMENT OF ADMISSIONS from 81 % of students liable to pay a tuition fee, and a grant was awarded to 31 applicants. The terminology, processes, timetables and responsibilities related to student admissions were set out at the University level in 2019. General guidelines for DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES admissions to bachelor’s and master’s programmes were drawn up for 2020–2022, and admissions Four application rounds were held for doctoral ed- criteria were also decided for the same period. The ucation in 2019. Because the November 2019 round criteria for certificate-based admissions had already had not yet been completed at the time of writing been decided and communicated to applicants in this report, the table contains information beginning 2018. from the November 2018 application round.

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Cataloguing and climbing – students of museology learn museum work at the Järne felt resid ence Suviranta

This spring, master’s students in museology at the University of Helsinki have had a unique opportunity to learn museum work in a location that is not yet an actual museum.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/language-culture/cataloguing-and-climbing-students-of-museology-learn-museum-work-at-the-jarnefelt-residence-suviranta Photo: Pia Purra

30 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

Figure 6. Students in 2012–2019.

Bachelor's students Master's students Doctoral students

25 000

19643 20 000 19141 18691 18052 17540 16861 16647 16467 15 000

10302 9740 9468 9494 9588 9662 9783 9976 10 000

4820 4671 4682 4431 4470 4496 5 000 4323 4316

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

With regard to admissions based on entrance exam- The transition period associated with the education inations, the scope of the advance material and the reform launched in autumn 2017 will end in 2020. language principles of the entrance examinations During this period, students who began their studies were outlined collectively. Inter-university coopera- prior to autumn 2017 can either complete their de- tion relating to entrance examinations in geography gree in accordance with the old system or transfer to and molecular biosciences was developed. The pro- the new degree programmes to pursue their degree. ject for reforming student admissions has produced material for the planning of entrance examinations, At the end of 2019, a total of 17,000 rights to complete for example, information on various assignment a bachelor’s degree were valid, of which 9,400 rights types suitable for skills evaluation as well as their were held by students who had begun their studies benefits and challenges. in the new degree programmes. Just 600 rights had been transferred to one of the new bachelor’s pro- Other application and admission routes were grammes, while the remaining 7,000 or so were still planned in the Toinen reitti yliopistoon (‘Another held by those studying in accordance with the old Path to University’) project. In 2020 applicants for degree system. Of the 11,000 rights to pursue a mas- the Bachelor’s Programme in Social Research will be ter’s degree, close to 3,000 rights were held by stu- required to complete a five-credit online course of- dents who had begun their studies in the new degree fered jointly by the University of Helsinki and Tam- programmes. Approximately 2,000 rights had been pere University. They will also be asked to take a transferred to one of the new master’s programmes, competence test. mainly by bachelor’s graduates who had transferred to a new master’s programme after completing their The application and admission procedure for the bachelor’s degree. More than 6,000 rights to pursue English-language Bachelor’s Programme in Science a master’s degree were still held by those studying in was organised for the first time in 2019. accordance with the old degree system. It seems that students do not transfer to the new system until they know that they do not have enough time to graduate in accordance with the old system.

STUDENTS The shares of female and male students have remained unchanged in recent years. Women account for 64 % of bachelor’s and master’s students, and In 2019 the University had roughly 31,600 degree 61 % of doctoral students. students. The total number of students went up, marking an apparent stop to the downward trend In 2019 the University of Helsinki had some 1,970 of the past several years. The biggest increase was international degree students (6.2 % of all students). recorded in the number of students pursuing a sec- This was the first time in a long while that the num- ond-cycle or doctoral degree. ber of international students rose (by close to 120 students). The increase was particularly apparent in

31 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

Table 9. Degrees and students by doctoral school. Doctoral school 2017 2018 2019

Degrees Students Degrees Students Degrees Students Doctoral School in Humanities and Social Sciences 166 2,006 149 1,969 164 1,999 Doctoral School in Natural Sciences 66 506 72 495 67 551 Doctoral School in Health Sciences 171 1,280 160 1,321 213 1,398 Doctoral School in Environmental, Food and Biological Sciences 72 521 63 524 59 541 Other 10 7

Total 475 4,323 444 4,316 503 4,489 the number of doctoral students. The highest num- DEGREES bers of degree students came from China, Russia, In- dia and Germany. A total of 27 % of doctoral students and 8 % of master’s students were of a nationality In 2019 the University of Helsinki awarded 2,899 other than Finnish. bachelor’s degrees, 2,698 master’s degrees and 503 doctoral degrees. The increase in the number of Approximately 2,100 undergraduate (bachelor’s and bachelor’s and master’s degrees was expected due to master’s) students reported Swedish as their native the forthcoming end of the transition period associ- language, and some 1,800 demonstrated their pro- ated with the education reform, but there was also ficiency in Swedish in conjunction with admissions. a significant increase in the number of doctoral de- In addition, approximately 500 students held the grees. right to complete a bilingual (Finnish and Swedish) degree. The total number of undergraduate students Sixteen per cent of the bachelor’s and master’s de- in the above groups who were receiving education in grees completed in 2019 were awarded to students Swedish was approximately 2,700. Of the doctoral from the new degree programmes launched in 2017. students, 216 (4.8 %) were native speakers of Swed- ish. The number of bachelor’s degrees was close to the target of 3,000 degrees agreed with the Ministry of In addition to degree students, roughly 31,000 in- Education and Culture. Half of the faculties reached dividuals completed non-degree studies at the Uni- the target for bachelor’s degrees: the faculties of vet- versity in 2019. Of them, close to 2,600 students erinary medicine, medicine, agriculture and forestry, pursued a specialist degree in medicine or dentistry science and law as well as the Swedish School of So- as postgraduate professional studies, and some 300 cial Science. students pursued other specialist education. Approx- imately 28,500 people held the right to complete The median age of bachelor’s graduates was 25 years, Open University studies or other non-degree studies. 70 % were women, and at least 9.2 % were proficient in Swedish. A total of 26.3 % of bachelor’s students completed their degree in the target duration and an Figure 7. Gender distribution of students in 2019.

Students, total 11 359 20 213

Doctoral students 1 765 2 731

Master's students 3 465 6 835

Bachelor's students 6 062 10 405

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

Men Women

32 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

Figure 8. Degrees in 2012–2019.

Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctoral degrees

3 500

2825 2911 2899 3 000 2719 2757 2698 2638 26072694 2648 2691 2687 2603 2514 25202506 2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000 529 432 453 480 508 475 444 503 500

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 additional 36.5 % did so no more than one year later. three-year average, only dentistry, social sciences Both of the above figures have risen somewhat from and law reached their degree targets. 2017 to 2019. Please see Figure 10. The Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Social Sciences, The number of master’s degrees completed at the the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry and the Fac- University of Helsinki increased by some 190 from ulty of Veterinary Medicine reached the targets for 2018. The largest quantitative increase was record- master’s degrees. The median age of master’s grad- ed in the social sciences, while computer science uates was 28 years, 70 % were women, at least 9.7 % had the largest proportionate increase. The targets were proficient in Swedish and 6.9 % were interna- agreed with the Ministry of Education and Culture tional students. A total of 24.5 % of master’s students in 2018 were reached in dentistry, law, social scienc- completed their degree in the target duration and an es and agriculture and forestry, whereas the fields additional 25.5 % did so no more than one year later. of health and welfare came in at the bottom. In the The duration of master’s studies also seems to have

Figure 9. Master’s degrees and related targets by fields of education in the funding model.

2016 2017 2018 2019 Target (as a figure)

800 670 700

600 498 500 405

400 330 302 270 300

200 145 100 100 45 55

33 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

Table 10. Degrees, degree targets and ratio of outcomes to targets by faculty in 2019.

Faculty Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctoral degrees

Degrees Targets Outcome Degrees Targets Outcome Degrees Targets Outcome Faculty of Theology 148 180 82 % 123 160 77 % 15 15 100 % Faculty of Law 353 270 131 % 303 270 112 % 15 16 94 % Faculty of Medicine 84 80 105 % 261 278 94 % 166 145 114 % Faculty of Arts 485 570 85 % 459 485 95 % 53 55 96 % Faculty of Science 407 400 102 % 291 440 66 % 70 72 97% Faculty of Pharmacy 139 150 93 % 42 55 76 % 18 12 150 % Faculty of Biological and Envi- 147 155 95 % 132 142 93 % 53 55 96 % ronmental Sciences Faculty of Educational Sciences 416 442 94 % 308 330 93 % 23 20 115 % Faculty of Social Sciences 292 360 81 % 430 350 123 % 42 44 95 % Swedish School of Social 86 65 132 % Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and 277 264 105 % 279 248 113 % 37 40 93 % Forestry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 65 64 102 % 70 62 113 % 11 16 69 %

Total 2,899 3,000 97 % 2,698 2,820 96 % 503 490 103 %

reduced after the introduction of the new degree pro- The median age of doctoral graduates was 36 years, grammes. Please see Figure 10. 60 % were women, 4.4 % spoke Swedish as their native language and 24.3 % were international stu- The number of doctoral degrees rose by close dents. The median time of completing a doctoral de- to 60 degrees from the previous year, exceeding the gree was 6.5 years. target (490) agreed with the Ministry. However, the three-year average remains below the target. Degree In addition, the University awarded 25 licentiate de- targets were achieved at the faculties of theology, grees and 17 postgraduate professional degrees of medicine, pharmacy and educational sciences. The specialist in veterinary medicine. highest increase in the number of degrees was ob- served at the Faculty of Medicine.

Figure 10. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees completed within the target duration.

More than one year from the target duration, coefficient 1 More than one year from the target duration, coefficient 1 Less than one year from the target duration, coefficient 1.3 Less than one year from the target duration, coefficient 1.3 Within the target duration, coefficient 1.5 Within the target duration, coefficient 1.5 Within the target duration (%) Within the target duration (%) Within the target duration + less than one year (%) Within the target duration + less than one year (%)

3000 3000

2500 2500

2000 2000 62,8 %

1500 56,6 % 59,9 % 1500 50,8 % 49,8 % 46,6 % 47,8 % 44,9 % 1000 1000

26,3 % 26,3 % 22,5 % 24,3 % 500 20,1 % 24,5 % 500 22,4 % 21,5 %

0 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

34 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

Figure 11. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees with the coefficients applied from the funding model for the term 2021–2024.

Number of degrees Number of degrees

Number of degrees weighted with coefficients of the Number of degrees weighted with coefficients of the funding model funding model 5 000 4 478 4 528 5 000 4 456 4 193 4 185 4 500 3 910 4 500 4 000 4 000 3 500 3 500 2 911 2 899 2 698 3 000 2 520 3 000 2 603 2 506 2 500 2 500 2 000 2 000 1 500 1 500 1 000 1 000 500 500 0 0 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Figure 12. Share of attending students who have completed STUDYING AND STUDIES at least 55 cr.

75% Veterinary Medicine

CREDITS Medicine 65%

In 2019 close to 1.1 million credits were completed at the University, up approximately 55% Law Pharmacy Biological and 30,000 credits from the previous year. The Environmental figure increased the most in the studies com- 45% Sciences Educational Agriculture and Swedish School of Sciences Foresty pleted by non-degree students at the Open Social Science Arts

University and by students pursuing a bach- 35% elor’s or master’s degree. The Elements of AI Social Sciences online course remained the Open Universi- Theology 25% ty’s most completed course. Science hare of attending students with 55 creditsacademic per year S

15% The number of students completing at least 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 55 credits per academic year increased Number of students with 55 credits per academic year slightly. This increase also reflects the end of The size of the circle indicates the number of attending stu- the transition period associated with the ed- dents. ucation reform and the higher degree numbers. However, the figure no longer plays a percentage of students who have completed at least role in funding because it will be replaced in the uni- 55 credits per academic year is one of the Universi- versity funding model of 2021–2024 by the number ty’s strategic indicators during the current strategy of degrees completed within the target duration. The period.

Table 11. Completed credits in 2016–2019.

Student group 2016 2017 2018 2019 Bachelor’s and master’s students 921,463 918,861 902,221 914,030 Doctoral students 35,432 32,424 31,620 29,120 Exchange students (incoming) 32,347 33,344 32,290 31,582 Open University and non-degree studies 87,095 79,303 84,418 102,236 Specialisation studies 4,134 5,238 10,451 12,773 Other 5,781 6,603 7,008 7,261 Total 1,086,415 1,076,496 1,068,561 1,096,764

35 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

STUDENT EXCHANGE Table 12. Top countries of student mobility. From To In 2019, a total of 575 University of Helsinki under- Country Finland Country Finland graduate students completed a student exchange of more than three months. The number of outbound United Kingdom 58 Germany 218 exchange students has decreased since 2015, where- Netherlands 48 France 160 as the number of incoming exchange students continued to grow from the previous year, totalling 1,245 Italy 35 Italy 118 in 2019. In general, the number of exchange students Sweden 33 Spain 71 has remained steady in recent years. France 33 China 66

The most popular destinations for outbound ex- Canada 31 Belgium 56 change students from the University of Helsinki have Australia 26 Russia 48 been the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, and Spain 24 Netherlands 48 2019 was no exception. As for incoming exchange students, the top 10 countries of origin have also Germany 23 United 43 remained the same in recent years, with the highest Kingdom number of exchange students arriving from Germa- Belgium 21 Czech 38 ny. Republic

In its strategic plan for 2017–2020, the University Figure 13. Credits completed during student ex- stated that it will monitor the credits completed dur- change. ing student exchange. The figure shows the number 40 000 of credits completed during student exchange. 35 000 30 000 25 000 CONTINUOUS LEARNING 20 000 15 000 The preparations made in 2018 for the development, 10 000 5 000 organisation and expansion of the model of contin- 0 uous learning became more concrete in 2019 when Outgoing Incoming the University launched a project for continuous aca- 2017 2018 2019

Table 13. Incoming and outgoing exchange students by faculty. Mobility periods of more than three months completed by bachelor’s and master’s students. Outgoing Incoming Total Outgoing Incoming Total Faculty 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 Faculty of Theology 7 8 15 17 8 25 Faculty of Law 132 141 273 111 142 253 Faculty of Medicine 20 51 71 20 65 85 Faculty of Arts 137 186 323 111 156 267 Faculty of Science 38 180 218 48 209 257 Faculty of Pharmacy 7 50 57 10 67 77 Faculty of Biological and Environ- mental Sciences 36 94 130 35 116 151 Faculty of Educational Sciences 61 65 126 37 66 103 Faculty of Social Sciences 117 196 313 102 219 321 Swedish School of Social Science 18 22 40 10 19 29 Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry 54 155 209 64 164 228 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 4 17 21 10 14 24 University as a whole 631 1,165 1,796 575 1,245 1,820 The statistics do not include the Language Centre’s two trainees in 2019.

36 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education demic learning with strategic funding from the Min- issues were also highlighted as a theme in the quality istry of Education and Culture. management of degree programmes.

The target group for continuous learning includes The University specified the recommended level of everyone from infants to the elderly, which means Swedish proficiency, corresponding to level C2 in that continuous learning comprises not only Open the Common European Framework of Reference for University studies and continuing education, but Languages, for recruitment to positions whose hold- also science education, cooperation with general up- er is expected to provide Swedish-language teaching. per secondary schools and science events at Think The aim is to ensure high-quality Swedish-language Corner. The project has the following goals: teaching at the University.

• The continuous learning offered by the Universi- In the development of bilingual degrees, the Univer- ty of Helsinki will expand, and target groups will sity launched an employment project to clarify the perceive it as a coherent whole. career relevance of bilingual studies from the student • The University of Helsinki will have a model for perspective. The goal is also to increase employer continuous learning that includes responsibili- awareness of bilingual degrees. ties, roles and a revenue generation strategy. • The University’s employer connections and its The Swedish-language Högskoledagen student mar- status as a partner in skills development will be keting event, organised every autumn, was rede- reinforced. signed by putting a greater focus on the content of • The University of Helsinki will perform optimal- disciplines and multidisciplinary activities. The Uni ly, as measured by the indicators of the new fund- på väg student marketing campaign visited a record ing model. number of general upper secondary schools. The University also received external funding for piloting The project’s first pilot will be the Master’s- Pro the Uni på väg concept at Finnish-language general gramme in Social and Health Research and Manage- upper secondary schools. ment, in which the first students commenced their studies in autumn 2019. The programme will move in the direction of online teaching to make its studies available at the Open University or as part of continuing education. A second pilot at Kumpula Campus MANAGEMENT OF DEGREE will involve the planning and testing of a new network model of teaching and learning that includes PROGRAMMES students, company representatives and University staff. The aim is to bring together different parties To consolidate and develop the operations of degree to provide added value and new skills for everyone. programmes, the forum for degree programme directors worked on various topics in 2019, including the Key measures taken in the project have included following: the management of education and degree communication and discussion within the Universi- programmes; the assessment of learning and skills; ty community on the system of continuous learning. cooperation with general upper secondary schools; The project manager has met with faculty leaders, admissions reform; the status of the degree pro- Open University representatives, science educators gramme reform; theses; continuous learning; career and degree programmes offering MOOCs. The con- studies; student wellbeing; education export; and the ceptualisation and branding of continuous learning grant scheme. The forum met nine times under the also began in 2019, and various communications-re- relevant vice-rector’s leadership. Two of the meet- lated measures were taken, such as supporting the ings were geared especially for English-language and providers of specialist education in their communi- multilingual degree programmes. cations. The Academic Affairs Council organised a one-day seminar on the strategic plan for teaching to discuss BILINGUALISM and generate ideas for the development of teaching, learning and studying. The processes of education In 2019 the University created a toolkit that teachers, management were explored at a two-day workshop degree programmes and faculties can use to promote attended by the vice-rector, the vice-deans for aca- bilingual (Finnish- and Swedish-language) educa- demic affairs, the director of development for Teach- tion. The purpose is to reinforce Swedish-language ing and Learning Services and various specialists, teaching in the curricula for 2020–2023. Language who together developed a consistent model for pre-

37 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education paring and deciding on student intake and degree The review evaluates the operations and quality of targets. the degree programmes over at least a three-year period. The review produces information which helps the faculty to assess the development and renewal of DEGREE PROGRAMMES OFFERED IN 2019 degree programmes and their curricula. This information also aids the faculty in establishing, combin- The majority of the degree programmes offered by ing or abolishing degree programmes. the University were established in conjunction with the 2015–2017 degree reform. The University has 33 The degree programme review is carried out in con- bachelor’s programmes (of which one is internation- junction with other University assessments, such as al) and 63 master’s programmes, of which 35 use an audits, whenever possible. The first review will be international application procedure. The goal for the conducted in 2021. future is not to increase the number of programmes, but to enhance their functioning and quality. STATUS REPORTS FOR THE ENHANCE- After the degree reform, the University has estab- MENT OF THE QUALITY OF DEGREE PRO- lished one international bachelor’s programme, the Bachelor’s Programme in Science, which admitted its GRAMMES first students in 2019, and two new English-language The practices for the annual monitoring of degree master’s programmes, the Master’s Programme in programmes were prepared in cooperation with Changing Education and the Master Programme in degree programme directors and vice-deans. The Global Governance Law, which will admit their first degree programme steering groups discussed the students in 2020. In addition, preparation work for status reports, while planning future operations and an international master’s programme in pharmacy drawing up a list of necessary measures for the pur- was carried out in 2019. The University has focused poses of faculty plans and budgets. Annual monitor- on the marketing of international programmes and ing was carried out for the first time in autumn 2019, the attractiveness of international master’s pro- involving all bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programmes. grammes. This approach will become a permanent practice in the quality management and operational planning of degree programmes. QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF DEGREE PRO- GRAMMES In conjunction with the education reform, the Uni- versity decided to monitor and assess its degree pro- STUDENT FEEDBACK grammes on a regular basis. The aim of the solutions adopted as part of the reform was to improve the quality of education. Student feedback is part of the University’s self-evaluation and its system for the quality management In addition to the University-level policies on de- of education. The feedback is used systematically grees and studies, the quality management of degree in decision-making as well as the management and programmes includes elements such as feedback development of teaching. The distribution of infor- systems, the management of degree programmes, mation on key observations and the measures taken curriculum design, information production and in- are crucial parts of the feedback process, as are the dicators of degree programme operations, as well as monitoring and assessment of its impact. the monitoring, assessment and development mech- anisms of degree programmes. The University’s student feedback group has promoted the systematic use of joint student feedback The University of Helsinki has begun the annual surveys as part of the quality management of degree monitoring of degree programmes. University Ser- programmes. The group visited the campuses to- vices systematically examines certain factors relating gether with the senior lecturers in university pedago- to programme operations at a certain time of the year. gy to present the results of the HowULearn surveys, The information is provided to the steering groups of the National Bachelor’s Graduate Survey, career the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programmes as tracking and the International Student Barometer well as the doctoral schools. Additionally, in order (ISB). These campus sessions, intended for the de- to ensure the functionality and quality of the degree gree programme steering groups and the vice-deans programmes, the University conducts a regular re- for academic affairs, received positive feedback. The view of degree programmes at three-year intervals. participants stated that they would like to receive

38 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education even more in-depth analyses of the feedback as well studies’ and ‘The feedback I received from the teach- as degree programme-specific results. ing staff has helped me with my studies’.

In addition to these sessions, the student feedback group published a report incorporating the results of INTERNATIONAL STUDENT BAROMETER surveys conducted in the 2018–2019 academic year. The report examines not only the results of each The results of the International Student Barometer survey, but also the surveys as a whole, highlighting reflect the University of Helsinki’s profile as are- observations of strengths and development needs as search university. The University of Helsinki is one well as University-level recommendations for meas- of the top universities in the areas of research quality ures. and teacher expertise, but there is room for improvement in student guidance and supervision as well as the use of student feedback. The respondents wish, NATIONAL BACHELOR’S GRADUATE SURVEY in particular, that academic staff provide them with more career advice. The National Bachelor’s Graduate Survey is conducted centrally at all Finnish universities. Universities The 2018 survey was taken by 199 higher education Finland (UNIFI) is responsible for the development institutions around the world. At the University of of this survey. In 2019 the University of Helsinki Helsinki, 856 students (32 %) completed the sur- awarded 2,899 bachelor’s degrees, and the National vey, slightly fewer than in 2017 when more than 900 Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health au- students (38 %) completed it. The survey was now thorised 182 medical students to practise the med- conducted for the fourth time. The previous surveys ical profession. At the University of Helsinki, 2,005 were completed in 2010, 2014 and 2017. In future, students (65.1 %) completed the National Bachelor’s the University of Helsinki will participate in the sur- Graduate Survey. The response rate declined (68.6 % vey every two years. in 2018) largely due to the low response rate of medical students (20.9 %). CAREER TRACKING SURVEYS OF UNIVER- As in 2018, the highest mean scores at the University SITIES level were recorded for the following statements: ‘I feel comfortable at my university’ and ‘The teaching Finnish universities carry out nationwide career was to a large extent of good quality’. The following tracking surveys every year in October–November. statements had the lowest average scores: ‘There was The survey for master’s graduates targets all those sufficient support available for the organisation of who completed a master’s degree, a Bachelor of Sci- ence (Pharmacy) degree or a Bachelor of Arts (Ed-

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Employers are now looking for full stack deve lopers – an online course helps coders find employ ment

A free online course provides basic skills in modern web application development, something currently in demand among employers. For professionals, the course provides a good opportunity to update their skills. English version of the course will become available later this year.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/ Picture: Houston Inc. news/data-science-news/employers-are-now-looking-for- full-stack-developers-an-online-course-helps-coders-find-employment

39 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education ucation) degree in kindergarten teacher education faculties are considerable. Since previous career five years prior to the survey. The target group for tracking surveys, unemployment has increased, in the doctoral survey consists of those who completed particular, among those working as researchers and a doctoral degree three years prior to the survey. those at the beginning of their career in the university sector.

Career tracking survey for master’s graduates Doctoral graduates gave good ratings for the connection between their education and jobs. Eighty-four The employment situation of University of Helsinki per cent of respondents considered their job require- graduates from 2013 was good five years after their ments to match their education, while 87 % said they graduation. At the time of responding to the survey, were able to utilise the knowledge and skills learnt. 93 % were employed, 2 % unemployed and 5 % out- From a career perspective, 88 % were satisfied with side the workforce. However, one-third of the gradu- their degree. ates had experienced unemployment during the five- year period. Differences between fields of education As a rule, there is a good match between the com- are considerable. petencies provided by the doctoral degree and the skills required at work. Doctoral studies develop, for The questions concerning the quality of employment example, problem-solving skills, the ability to think and the connection between the graduates’ educa- analytically and systematically, self-direction and in- tion and jobs demonstrate a high level of satisfaction itiative – all important skills for doctoral graduates among the University of Helsinki’s master’s grad- entering the job market. Areas that require further uates and those who have completed a Bachelor of development include cooperation, project manage- Science (Pharmacy) degree or a Bachelor of Arts (Ed- ment and negotiation skills. One further area of de- ucation) degree in kindergarten teacher education. velopment for those performing research work relates to the skills required to apply for funding. The respondents felt that their job requirements matched their academic education (81 %) and that they could use the knowledge and skills acquired at the University in their job (84 %). The majority (81 %) were also satisfied with their degree in terms DIGITAL LEAP of their professional career. On the other hand, just 63 % of the graduates felt that their education had equipped them sufficiently for the job market. The Since the beginning of 2017, the project aimed at differences between faculties were considerable. making a digital leap in education has provided funding for the development ventures of 65 degree From the perspective of professional skills require- programmes. The 33 development ventures ongoing ments, academic education develops many central in 2019 focused on the development of educational competences required for specialist work, such as videos and online courses, such as MOOCs. At the theoretical competence, the ability to think analyti- Faculty of Medicine, a digital platform was used for cally and systematically, information retrieval skills, half of the examinations taken. the ability to learn and acquire new information, self-direction and initiative. However, the develop- The degree programmes were particularly interest- ment of several general skills that can be used in var- ed in various digital material banks used in teach- ious professional roles must be given more attention ing as well as portfolios, virtual worlds, 3D model- in academic education. Examples of such skills in- ling and 360-degree videos. Further information on clude stress management, cooperation, organisation, the projects can be found at https://blogs.helsinki. project management and negotiation skills. fi/digiloikka/. The impact of the digital leap project is being investigated by the Centre for University Teaching and Learning (HYPE). The research will be Career tracking survey for doctoral graduates completed after the project ends in 2021.

The employment situation of the University of Hel- sinki doctoral graduates from 2015 was good three years after their graduation, with 97 % being employed, 2 % unemployed and 2 % outside the workforce. However, the share of those who had been unemployed at the beginning of their career had increased from previous years. Differences between

40 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Education

CENTRE FOR UNIVERSITY TEACHING view of the most important services available to students. A beta version of the service will be published AND LEARNING (HYPE) in spring 2020.

The HYPE research plan and strategy were inten- Autumn 2019 also saw the publication of the new In- sively prepared throughout 2019. This took place structions for Teaching website, which works analo- simultaneously with the University’s strategic plan- gously to Instructions for Students. The idea for this ning process for 2021–2030. In addition, HYPE has website came from the observation that teachers also invested particularly in the strengthening of research used Instructions for Students to search for infor- and in student wellbeing, and reflected on how well mation and needed accessible instructions for their it meets the needs of degree programmes. In spring work. The Instructions for Teaching website was 2019 a research seminar on university teaching and built on the same platform as Instructions for Stu- learning aimed to distribute information on the lat- dents to ensure easy navigation from one service to est research in the field at the University of Helsinki. another. This means that teachers can, for example, The target group comprised all those interested in first read the instructions for the examination of the- university teaching and learning. ses and then see what instructions students receive on the same topic. In June, Teaching and Learning Services and HYPE cooperated in organising the national Pedaforum Because the Instructions for Teaching website does seminar at Kumpula Campus. The theme was The not require University credentials, it can also be used State of Learning – Quo vadis universitas? to provide orientation to external hourly paid teachers. The website also communicates the University’s principles of teaching to external visitors. The new TRAINING IN UNIVERSITY TEACHING AND website was presented in autumn 2019 to teaching LEARNING staff during a faculty tour scheduled to continue in spring 2020. The feedback received will be used HYPE provides University of Helsinki teaching staff to develop the website to better meet the needs of with training in university teaching and learning. teaching staff. The specialists at Strategic Services for Teaching offer related administrative support. The demand for this type of training increased considerably in 2019, particularly as regards basic studies. Staff apply for individual courses. A total of 853 applications (810 in 2018) were received for the courses organised in 2019.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR TEACHING

Published in 2018, the Instructions for Students website consolidated its status as the main channel of communication aimed at students. The website had a total of 3.5 million views in 2019. User feedback and development suggestions were solicited from students and those producing the instructions, and used to develop the usability, layout and content of the website.

Enhancing the visibility of notifications and clarify- ing the set of services offered to students were defined as particular development areas. A new service called Opiskelu (‘Studying’) was designed for this purpose, and its front page will serve as a comprehensive information channel. The service will provide an over-

41 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

The year 2019 was an important election year in the core funding for Finnish universities so that the Finland. In March, Finns voted in parliamentary universities would receive a €40 million annual in- elections and in May in the election for the Europe- crease in addition to the reinstatement of index rais- an Parliament. Universities, higher education insti- es. In December, the Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra tutions and universities of applied sciences lobbied released its decisions to capitalise universities with actively together and individually for an educa- €100 million in stages over the next three years. tion-friendly parliament, government and government programme.

In 2018 the University of Helsinki launched an extensive ResearchMatters campaign to remind deci- THINK CORNER AS AN INFLUENCING sion-makers of the importance of Bildung, research, research-based learning and knowledge as well as ARENA funding allocated to universities and higher education institutions. As part of the campaign, numerous The year 2019 was a year of operational development election panel discussions and ‘living room pan- for Think Corner with regard to refining its pro- els’ were organised at the university. A discussion gramme and honing its services. In all 525 events event for candidates, jointly organised by the mu- were organised at Think Corner, which is slightly nicipalities in the Helsinki metropolitan area, was more than in the previous year. The number of vis- organised. The University leadership and members itors grew by approximately 15 % and was almost of the University community met a wide range of 700,000. The most popular event of the year was the politicians, lobbyists and influencers, and published Brain resuscitation evening, which was part of the statements together with, for example, the Confed- Smart as HEL series of events. Other highlights in- eration of Finnish Industries and the Confederation cluded ‘Children’s science questions live’ organised of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in in collaboration with the Helsingin Sanomat, the Finland (Akava), municipalities in the Helsinki met- ‘Climate election’ event and the official spin-off event ropolitan area as well as other higher education insti- of the Slush festival, Unicorner. tutions. The University organised discussion events on the theme of education and learning for its key The Think Corner podcast launched last year has stakeholders, and alumni in particular. The Re- proven to be a popular format. Other new services searchMatters campaign was strongly present in var- launched were the co-working services provided by ious social media channels in the form of researcher Basement and the Tomato Thursday work concept, interviews and pleas in favour of science. In addition, open Think Corner tours and the multimedia wall political parties were challenged to make ‘promises Storywall, which enriches all its visitors. to theuniversities’. The whole University community participated in the campaign and it grew into an important common agenda.

In September the entire higher education sector received good news: a decision was made to increase

42 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

OTHER EVENTS In May, the centenary of diplomatic relations between Finland and Japan was celebrated. In Septem- ber, the ambassador of Brazil in Finland presented The popularity of the University’s public attractions the University of Helsinki with the Rio Branco deco- increased: the number of visitors to the Finnish Mu- ration awarded by the Federative Republic of Brazil. seum of Natural History and botanic gardens in Kai- Lead by its rector, a ten-strong delegation from the saniemi and Kumpula broke records as early as Octo- oldest Scandinavian university, Uppsala University, ber. The success of the Monday tours of the Helsinki visited the University of Helsinki in October. University Museum continued. Visitors can also ac- quaint themselves with the artefacts in the museum HTalks is a new joint discussion event of the Univer- through the “Object of the month” blog, which high- sity of Helsinki and the Student Union of the Univer- lights interesting objects from the Museum collec- sity of Helsinki, the October theme of which was ed- tions. The relaunched Art Room activities included ucating the world changers i the 2030s. Among other both courses offered to students of the University of things, the event looked for measures to promote the Helsinki and events aimed at the general public. The internationalisation of students and their activities Night of the Arts was spent at the University learn- in a multicultural environment, and to consolidate ing about the wonders of space in the Observatory, the accumulation of students’ decision-making skills listening to bands at Think Corner and studying the and critical thinking, as well as the development of maps of the A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection in the Na- interaction and collaboration skills. tional Library of Finland.

The 98th conferment ceremony of the Faculty of Phi- losophy was organised in May. The Faculty conferred nine honorary doctors, 139 master’s graduates, 36 COMMUNICATIONS AND VISIBILITY jubilee masters, 127 doctoral graduates and eight jubilee doctors, among whom were several professors emeriti of the University. INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMU- For over 40 years, the University of Helsinki has NITY been the main stage of the Science Forum. In 2019, the theme of the event was courage, which was con- The most significant joint effort to develop commu- sidered from various perspectives, including artifi- nications within the work community was the rede- cial intelligence research and natural sciences as well sign of the Flamma intranet. Flamma was built to as history and social sciences. be the key communications and service channel for

INTERNATIONALLY VISIBLE ONLINE NEWS 2019

Breakthrough in the discov ery of DNA in ancient bones buried in water

Fresh evidence rewrites the understanding of the most intriguing archaeological burial site in western Finland. New DNA technology gives significant information on the bones buried in water. The DNA matches present day Sámi people, who nowadays live far from the site. The question why the bones were buried in water remains a mystery and demands further investigation.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/language-culture/breakthrough- in-the-discovery-of-dna-in-ancient-bones-buried-in-water

International media became interested in the press release of an archaelogical burial site in western Finland. The news reached over 180 million readers, mostly in England, Russia, United States and Sweden.

43 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement the staff. The concept for the new intranet was cre- INTERNATIONAL VISIBILITY GREW ated in an exceptionally communal fashion through the #Flamethon conceptualisation challenge, which engaged hundreds of University community mem- External communications focused on furthering bers. On Flamma all members of the staff can easily the University’s international visibility and expand- publish news intended for the University communi- ing the target audience. The number of visitors to ty. In addition, the Virtanen community feed offers the Helsinki.fi website continued to grow, and digi- a low-threshold internal communications channel. tal visibility improved due to, among other factors, At best, Flamma pages have been viewed over half a multidisciplinary communications themes. million times in a month (November). Thematically, the year was dedicated to increasing As part of the development of internal communica- expertise and the visibility of science and research. tions, campus communications teams provided the The findability of researchers and expertise of the faculties with internal communications plans and members of the University community was improved offered the leadership increasingly strong communi- by publishing a redesigned people finder1. cations support.

INTERNATIONAL MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS NEWS DESK During the year, the University received 12,800 international media hits, or mentions of the Universi- ty of Helsinki, in online media. It is estimated that The work conducted by the news desk combining these media hits reached 37 billion views around the all media channels showed its productivity. The aim globe. The hits do not include television or radio proof the news desk is to increase the visibility of the grammes or printed publications. University’s strategic themes in chosen target groups in Finland and internationally. The selected strate- Ninety international journalists visited the Univer- gic themes include the audience favourite theme of sity. Among their interests were Nordic welfare and Health as well as Life Science, Sustainability, Educa- equality as well as the happiness of Finnish people. tion, Nordic Welfare and Data Science. Before the parliamentary elections, international journalists met with University researchers. Viewings of Finnish-language news grew by 36 % from the previous year, while the corresponding figure for the English-language news section was 55 %. In addition to traditional science and research news, topics related to teaching, such as teacher training,

1 https://www.helsinki.fi/en/people/people-finder

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Dogs eating rice-based dry dog foods could be at risk for chronic arsenic expos ure

Rice-consumption is considered a risk factor for chronic arsenic toxicity in humans. A pilot study conducted within the DogRisk research group at the University of Helsinki found that dogs eating rice-based dry dog foods had higher hair arsenic levels than dogs whose diet did not contain rice.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/life-science-news/dogs-eating-rice- Photo: Pixabay based-dry-dog-foods-could-be-at-risk-for-chronic-arsenic-exposure

44 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

Figure 14. Media hits in 2014–2019.

Finnish Swedish Other languages 35 000

30 000

25 000

12 500 18 485 20 000 13 911 12 774

5 500 15 000 2 300 3 400 975 1 600 1 956 1 851 10 000 1 400

13 500 11 400 11 884 5 000 9 900 10 994 10 684

0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 news related to the reputation of Finnish education, and their trends. This information is monitored and Elements of AI and other open online courses were generally used as one of the indicators related to the of interest, which serves to diversify the profile of the attractiveness and reputation of organisations. University. SOCIAL MEDIA DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS, VISIBILITY OF RESEARCH AND SCIENCE During the year, the University of Helsinki reached 84 million pairs of eyes through University-level so- Digital communications exceeded its targets in var- cial media channels. The audience interacted with ious ways. The University’s Helsinki.fi website was the University’s social media accounts 1.3 million viewed some 41 million times in 2018, up 7 % from times and visited the University website through so- the year before. In all 15.4 million visits were made cial media 410,000 times. to the website, which is a 21 % increase from the previous year. By the end of the year, 125,500 people followed the University of Helsinki on Facebook (up 8 %), The University of Helsinki measures its digital visi- an exceptionally high number even in internation- bility, for example, by comparing the indicators with al terms. The number of impressions for Facebook those of comparable universities. One of the indi- posts reached almost 60 million, while the number cators is Google searches related to the University of LinkedIn followers was 104,700 million (up 14 %)

Figure 15. The number of visits to the University website (source: similarweb.com in comparisons) show that the traffic on the site has overtaken that of the University of Copenhagen and Utrecht University.

Number of visits to the University website Oct 2019 - Dec 2019 5 000 000 4 500 000 4 000 000 3 500 000 3 000 000 2 500 000 2 000 000 1 500 000 1 000 000 500 000 0 Amsterdam Utrecht Copenhagen Helsinki Aalto University

October 2019 November 2019 December 2019

45 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement and LinkedIn impressions for posts numbered 2.3 The University was a cooperation partner in the million. The University had 21,400 Instagram fol- HIMSS & Health 2.0 conference on digital health- lowers (up 46 %), and impressions for Instagram care, where the internationally unique cooperation posts numbered 15.3 million. There were 36,300 between the University, the Hospital District of Hel- Twitter followers (up 24 %) and 6.9 million impres- sinki and Uusimaa (HUS) and the City of Helsinki sions for posts. was presented to thousands of experts, companies and decision-makers in the field.

A new initiative at Kumpula Campus was Kumpula Wizardry Day, which was piloted in the spring. The BRANDING AND MARKETING aim is to open this popular event to a larger audience in 2020.

The reputation of the University of Helsinki was The University of Helsinki brand aroused interest studied among the general public, business sector, also internationally and during the year as colleagues political decision-makers, alumni and media in Fin- from many European universities familiarised them- land. According to a survey conducted by T-Media, selves with its marketing efforts. the reputation of the University of Helsinki is moder- ate among the general public, political decision-makers, the business sector and alumni. Its reputation is at a good level among journalists. The support of stakeholders – their willingness to support propos- INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY als made by the University, listen to opinions, trust and the readiness to recommend the University and RANKINGS support it even in difficult times – was exceptionally good in all target groups. Depending on the calculation method, there are approximately 17,000—23,000 universities in the The strengths of the University of Helsinki’s rep- world. In most general rankings, the University of utation include the openness and transparency of Helsinki is listed in the top 100, i.e., among the lead- activities, environmental and social responsibility, ing 0.5 % of all universities. high-quality research and esteemed degrees. The key development target pertaining to the reputation of University rankings measure the amount and impact the University of Helsinki is related to its employer of research conducted at institutions of higher edu- image. A decision was made to start developing this cation, the quality of teaching, the reputation of the in the long term from the inside out, from a healthy institutions in question among researchers and em- work community. ployers, as well as the extent of their international outlook. The rankings use different methodologies The marketing of degree programmes to potential and focus on different issues. applicants was successfully targeted, as applicant numbers increased in both the spring joint applica- The ranking institutions request universities to pro- tion procedure and the application procedures for vide data about students, degrees, academic staff and international master’s programmes. The varied open funding. These data are usually from two years be- online course (MOOC) offering by Kumpula Campus fore the publication year of each ranking. Bibliomet- attained good visibility in digital markets. ric data are obtained from WoS databases of Elsevier Scopus and Clarivate Analytics. Citation figures are The branding of strategically important research usually collected until the end of the year preceding projects was conducted with regard to the Helsinki the publication of the ranking. Reputation surveys Centre for Data Science (HiDATA), Matter & Materi- are conducted by THE, QS and US News. The sur- als, the Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System veys have been primarily conducted in the spring of Research (INAR) and the Helsinki Inequality Initia- the year of publication of the relevant ranking. tive (INEQ) projects, among others. The University’s rankings and annual averages in the One of the year’s most visible marketing efforts was five best-known and most significant academic rank- Slush, where the University of Helsinki presented in- ings between 2015 and 2019 are shown in figure 16. novations in various fields of science based on top Rankings by geographical area in 2018 and 2019 are quality research. Researchers, investors and politi- displayed in table 14. The results of discipline-specif- cians met this year in the Slush spin-off event Uni- ic and other special rankings are presented in figure corner, which took place at Think Corner. 17 and tables 15—17. The year appearing in conjunc-

46 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

Figure 16. University of Helsinki in university rankings and annual ranking averages in 2015–2019.

ARWU Shanghai QS THE Times Higher E. NTU Taiwan US News Annual average 50 56 56 57

60 63 67 71 70 69 76 79 80 81 80 81,8 82 87,4 87 91 88,6 90 Placement 96 90 90 92 102 96 100 99 101 107 110 110

120 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

tion with the name of the ranking indicates its year universities not affected by funding cuts have per- of publication. Some rankings misleadingly cite the formed steadily in rankings. year following the year of publication in the name of the ranking. Shanghai University’s ARWU ranking placed the University of Helsinki at No 63 in 2019, a drop of six Figure 16 shows how the average ranking has places from the previous year. Among Nordic univer- changed each year from 2015 onwards. In 2019, the sities, the University of Helsinki dropped from third University’s average ranking in five assessments place to sixth. The negative result can be primarily dropped to 88.6, a drop of 1.2 places. This was pri- attributed to the drop in the relative number of arti- marily due to worsened results in the NTU Taiwan cles published in Nature and Science journals. Of the and Shanghai rankings. The other three rankings, six factors included in the ranking, only the number US News, THE and QS, improved a few places, thus of publications remained substantially unchanged. making up for their clear weakening in the previous year. A significant reason for the situation was the The QS ranking placed the University at No 107, continuing improvement of the rankings of Asian, in up three places. Among the Nordic Countries, the particular Chinese, universities. However, this does University of Helsinki was ranked fourth like in the not fully explain the clear drop in the University of previous year. The ranking improved in both repu- Helsinki’s placement in the last three years because tation factors (academic reputation and reputation it also dropped in the rankings of Nordic and Eu- assessed by international employers, table 15) and ropean universities (see table 14). The amount of in the important citation indicator representing the funding and other resources allocated to universities impact of research. There was a decrease in the stu- clearly affects the rankings. For example, European

Table 14. The University of Helsinki in key university rankings based on the geographical area in 2019, the 2018 results are in brackets. THE Times Area ARWU QS Higher NTU Taiwan US News Average of five Shanghai Education rankings World 63 (57) 107 (110) 96 (99) 90 (79) 87 (92) 88.6 (87.4) Europe 23 (18) 36 (38) 34 (36) 28 (23) 26 (31) 29.4 (29.2) Nordic countries 6 (3) 4 (4) 2 (4) 3 (3) 3 (4) 3.8 (3.6) Finland 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)

47 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

Figure 17. University of Helsinki in the THE Em- of Helsinki also dropped from third to fourth place in ployability ranking, which measures the employa- a comparison of Nordic universities, and went down bility of graduates. seven places, to No 31, in a comparison of Europe-

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 an universities. The most important reason for the 0 drop is related to the indicators measuring the relative shares of the most highly cited publications. A 20 37 small increase was seen in the indicator measuring 40 48 the number of international joint publications.

60 72 70 The THE Employability ranking (figure 17) placed

Placement 83 the University at No 37, up 11 places from the year 80 91 99 before. Among Nordic universities, the University of 103 100 Helsinki currently ranks first, while last year it ranked second. The ranking represents the views of employ- 120 ers in various countries concerning the employability of university graduates. The data are based on the dent/teacher ratio and the share of international stu- responses of approximately 7,000 people working in dents and staff. HR management and recruitment in 22 countries, with no Finnish employers represented among the In the Taiwan NTU ranking, the University was assessors. Since 2012 the University of Helsinki has placed at No 90, a drop of 11 places. Among the improved its ranking almost every year. This ranking Nordic universities, the University of Helsinki was is not implemented by THE, but it acquired exclu- ranked fourth, a drop of one place. The Taiwan rank- sive rights to publish the results in 2015. The ranking ing is based solely on publication and citation data. is designed by the French HR consulting company It uses eight indicators, some of which are assessed Emerging, and the interviews were conducted by the over a longer period (the last 11 years) and others for German recruitment company Trendence in 2019. a shorter time (the last two years and the last year). The drop in the ranking of the University of Helsinki The new THE Impact Ranking is based on the sus- can be primarily explained by the clear drop in short- tainability goals of the United Nations. It was pub- term indicators in the last few years. lished for the first time in spring 2019. The Univer- sity of Helsinki was ranked at No 15, which was the The THE (Times Higher Education) ranking placed third best result for a Nordic university. the University at No 96, an improvement of three places. Among the Nordic universities, the Universi- Both THE and QS carries out their university rep- ty of Helsinki rose from the fourth place to a shared utation surveys independently (table 15), where- second place. The improved ranking was due to the as US News commissions its survey from Clarivate improvement in the citations index. The citations in- Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters). The surveys dex is the most important factor in the ranking. At were primarily carried out in the spring of the year 30 % it bears the most weight. when the ranking was published by sending a ques- tionnaire to researchers selected on specific grounds. The US News ranking placed the University at No 87, Reputation indicators also count towards the results down 11 places from the year before. The University of overall rankings. The weight of the reputation re-

Table 15. University of Helsinki in the reputation surveys of various rankings. The surveys were primarily conducted in the spring of the year of publication of the relevant ranking. Change Change Ranking 2016 2017 2018 2019 2018–2019 2016–2019 THE Reputation Overall 119 115 101 117 -16 2 THE Reputation Research 117 113 100 108 -8 9 THE Reputation Teaching 112 112 123 139 -16 -27 QS Academic Reputation (only research) 94 92 106 99 7 -5 QS Employer Reputation 177 218 184 146 38 31 US News Global Research Reputation 123 123 130 132 -2 -9 US News Regional (Europe) Research Reputation 37 37 33 4

48 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

Table 16. Comparison of overall rankings and similar reputation rankings in 2019 and 2018.

Difference Difference Repu- between Repu- between Overall ranking and reputation tation Overall the overall tation Overall the overall ranking ranking ranking ranking ranking ranking ranking 2018 2018 and repu- 2019 2019 and reputa- tation 2018 tion 2019 THE ja THE Reputation overall 101 99 -2 117 96 -21 QS Reputation ”calculated overall”* 121.6 110 -11.6 108.4 107 -1.4 US News Global Research Reputation 130 92 -38 132 87 -45

Average -22.5 100.3 -17.2 119.1 96.7 -22.5

*The QS “calculated overall” has been derived by weighting QS Academic and Employer Reputation placements according to their relative weights used by QS in its overall ranking (ratio 4:1, i.e.,weights here are correspondingly 0.8 and 0.2). sults in the overall ranking is 50 %, in QS, 33 % in reputation of the University of Helsinki was ranked THE and 25 % in US News. The NTU Taiwan ranking 33rd, an improvement of four places. does not use reputation indicators. In the Shanghai ranking, the alumni universities of Nobel Prize and The table of comparison depicting general rankings Fields Medal recipients are used instead of reputa- and equivalent reputation rankings (table 16) shows tion indicators and their shared weight is 30 %. that although the University has fared reasonably well in reputation rankings, the results are neverthe- In the overall reputation category of THE, the Uni- less not as good as those in the equivalent general versity was ranked in 117th place, a drop of 16 places. rankings in both 2019 and 2018. This year the repu- There was also a drop in the separate research and tation rankings were about 23 places lower than the teaching reputation categories. However, in the QS general rankings; the difference in the previous year research reputation category, the University of Hel- was smaller at approximately 17 places. Since the sinki rose to No 99 and in the employer reputation results of reputation rankings also affect the results category representing the views of employers in var- of general rankings, they drag down the University’s ious countries to No 146. The employer reputation general ranking. If their impact were to be eliminated category of the QS is not very stable but fluctuates from the results of general rankings, the differences largely year by year. between general rankings and equivalent reputation rankings would be even more marked than what is In the global research reputation category of the US shown in the table. News ranking, the University was placed No 132, a drop of two places. US News also counts separate re- Table 16 indicates that the University of Helsinki is gional reputation rankings; in Europe, the research not valued as highly as could be expected if reputa-

Table 17. Number and share of scientific fields from the University of Helsinki in the top 100 of field-specific rankings in 2018–2019.

(UH among (UH among UH has UH the 100 best the 100 best teach- UH UH among in 2018) in 2019) ing and among among the 100 per (UH per (UH Change Ranking re- the 100 the 100 best: has teach- has teach- 2019–2018, search, best in best in Change ing and ing and % points num- 2018, 2019, 2019– research, research, ber of number number 2018, number of number of fields number fields), % fields), % Shanghai Subjects 38 18 19 1 47.4 % 50.0 % 2.6 % THE Fields/Subjects 10 4 5 1 40.0 % 50.0 % 10.0 % QS Subjects 32 19 17 -2 59.4 % 53.1 % -6.3 % US News Fields/ Subjects 23 14 15 1 60.9 % 65.2 % 4.3 % Taiwan Subjects 10 5 5 0 50.0 % 50.0 % 0.0 %

Total 113 60 61 1 53.1 % 54.0 % 0.9 %

49 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement tion rankings were directly dependent on other fac- tion concept HELSUS Co-creation Lab with the UPM tors, such as bibliometric indicators (e.g., the num- Group, the Valio Group, Outotec and the Ministry of ber of publications and their impact, as assessed by the Environment as partners. The Lab aims to help citation indices). The University’s distant and north- master’s students to identify topics for their theses ern location, the small size of Finland, and the fact and create new opportunities to acquire cross-disci- that it is not an English-language country are prob- plinary skills. The Lab provides its partners with an ably some of the key factors explaining the Universi- opportunity to get acquainted with new ideas by stu- ty’s reputation rankings. dents and formulate new solutions to issues related to sustainable development. Table 17 shows the University of Helsinki’s success in discipline-specific rankings. In all, five of the rank- A new initiative with the City of Helsinki is related ings featured 113 disciplines in which the University to expanding cooperation between the University of of Helsinki has teaching and research. Of these, the Helsinki and the University of Edinburgh, from aca- University ranked in the top 100 in 61 fields and sub- demic cooperation to innovation partnership, which jects in 2019, a relative rate of 54 %. In other words, is also linked to the City of Edinburgh. Cooperation the University has also succeeded quite well in disci- was prepared for in two workshops, which resulted pline-specific rankings, and there was an improve- in digital health, data sciences and AI being selected ment of one place compared to the year before. as the initial spearheading fields of cooperation.

The cooperation model of University Services, particularly for handling key corporate relations, remained in place. In order to develop business coop- STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS AND eration, a report based on international comparisons and best practices as well as corporate interviews PARTNERSHIPS was drawn up, which will be utilised in the development of the University’s key corporate partnerships. The Science and Business in Dialogue network brought together key individuals from companies, The Thinkfest forum was organised for the second public administration and cities to discuss carbon time, with the theme of educational equality. The sinks with University influencers and to come up forum workgroups and seminar discussed inequali- with new solutions to increasing and measuring ty in and accessibility of education from a variety of them. In February an event organised in collabora- perspectives from early childhood education to high- tion by the University and Climate Leadership Co- er education. The open panel discussion at the end alition provided examples of ongoing collaborative of the day was joined by the Minister of Education, projects related to, for example, intensifying the ef- among others. fectiveness of carbon sinks more effective and fine particle research, as well as of cooperation in study- Towards the end of the year, the University commu- ing the carbon cycle and greenhouse gas emissions. nity was delighted with the news item that highlight- The year’s second Science and Business in Dialogue ed the University of Helsinki as an important con- event was organised on the future skills needs in the tributor to both continuous learning and artificial social and healthcare sectors. intelligence. As a part of Finland’s EU Presidency term, a decision was made by the government to of- The University of Helsinki, together with Muni- fer the University of Helsinki and technology provid- Fin, organised a challenge-based Master Class pro- er Reaktor’s popular Elements of AI online course in gramme with the theme of sustainable development all official languages of the EU during 2020–2022. in the municipalities and cities of the future. The pro- The European Commission will also participate in gramme was in particular aimed at master’s students the translation. Finland’s initiative was a response and young researchers and professionals interested to the ongoing revolution in the world of work and in the sustainability of the future welfare state, issues consolidates Europe’s digital leadership. related to urban development and public engagement. In addition, an international Sustainability Master Class course was organised in collaboration with Valio, which looked for multidisciplinary solutions to food waste, consumer choices and the coping problems of dairy farmers.

During the year, the Helsinki Institute of Sustaina- bility Science HELSUS launched the new coopera-

50 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

EXPANSION OF ALUMNI ACTIVITIES – launched in the spring, where alumni from various fields invited to the programme commit to partici- THE NEW HELSINKI ALUMNI COMMU- pating in University operations for ten hours a year NITY for two years. The alumni in the programme may work as speakers or lecturers, develop content for career education or stakeholder and partner activi- The year was significant for the University’s alumni ties, work as mentors to students or serve as spar- activities. The brand of alumni activities was rede- ring partners with the University community, and signed, and the activities complying with the new participate in the University’s lobbying activities or Helsinki Alumni brand were widely visible in vari- the work of various advisory councils. This year, the ous channels. The distinctive visual look and story Alumni Fellow programme alumni were active in strengthen the University of Helsinki alumni iden- participating in the University’s strategic planning. tity. International alumni engagement continued active- Alumni and their individual stories were increasingly, while looking for new operating models. Sever- ly highlighted both on the website and in the Hel- al alumni events were organised abroad during the sinki Alumni magazine, which was published for the year in London, Berlin, Paris and Brussels. first time, comprehensively presenting the Univer- sity’s alumni services in addition to alumni stories. The new brand strengthened the communications The theme of the Alumni Day organised at the end aimed at alumni, and it was focused more accurately of February was the interaction of humans and ar- with regard to events in particular. The ThinkLetter tificial intelligence, which engendered a great deal Helsinki Alumni newsletter was published ten times of interest among alumni. The artificial intelligence in Finnish and Swedish and five times in English. In theme continued also in the autumn in the first Hel- addition, alumni received faculty-specific alumni let- sinki Alumni Insight event. During the year, over 50 ters and were treated to a digital annual subscription different events aimed at alumni were organised. of the Yliopisto magazine.

In addition to events, alumni participation in the At the end of the year, there were 34,384 registered University’s activities was increasingly systemat- alumni, i.e., members of the Helsinki Alumni com- ic. As alumni include a wide variety of influencers munity (at the end of 2018 the number was 30,407). and experts from many different fields of society, their views enrich the University’s activities and support its continuous development. Engaging alumni in University operations creates opportunities for new partnerships and cooperation. One example of such engagement is the Alumni Fellow programme

INTERNATIONALLY VISIBLE ONLINE NEWS 2019

Long-term postmen o pausal hormone therapy might increase the risk of Alzheim- er’s disease

A newly published Finnish study compares the postmenopausal hormone therapy use of women diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and their healthy con- trols.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/health-news/ long-term-postmenopausal-hormone-therapy- might-increase-the-risk-of-alzheimers-disease

The news spread in English to hundred me- Photo: 123rf dia, and it reached potentially around 150 million readers.

51 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement

FUNDRAISING process, communications, events, visibility, marketing, international networks, advisory board and jury.

The second cooperation period of the Urban Acade- The Ajattelun voimalla maailman parhaaksi (With my was launched andits activities will be developed the Power of Thought for the World) fundraising and expanded, among other things, under the direc- campaign of the University of Helsinki aims to raise tion of the new strategic steering group. In addition a total of €100 million in donated funds to support to the City of Helsinki, the University of Helsinki and research and education. At the end of the year, the Aalto University, the cities of Espoo and Vantaa have result of the fundraising campaign was over €60 mil- joined the Urban Academy. The first six recruitments lion in donations and donation pledges. for the positions of postdoctoral researcher in urban research funded by Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa for In the autumn, the fundraising team implemented 2018–2023 were concluded: four people were re- a Giving Day campaign to highlight cancer research cruited to the University of Helsinki and two people and encourage people to support research and teach- to Aalto University. Cooperation between the cities ing at the University of Helsinki. The Giving Day has been launched in the form of regular interactive campaign attracted a great deal of positive attention events. Research themes have been selected from the and when measured by the number of donors, one- cities’ strategic plans: urban inequality, the popula- third of all annual donations were received during tion dynamics of urban areas, urban economy, the the campaign. Bequests were also promoted by or- objective of becoming a carbon neutral city and the ganising a popular bequest information event on the changes digitalisation brings to urban life. In addi- eve of International Legacy Giving Day. tion, 130 researchers and 30 professors in the field have enrolled in the Helsinki Institute of Urban and International fundraising activities are an important Regional Studies Urbaria. development target for fundraising. International fundraising pilot projects were implemented in Lon- The City and the University consolidated collabora- don, Berlin and Brussels, where supporters of science tion in general upper secondary education, spurred were met and events arranged for key target groups. by the new Act on General Upper Secondary Legis- lation, according to which general upper secondary The University of Helsinki appreciates its donors and schools are required to cooperate with higher edu- hopes to continue developing the activities of its do- cation institutions. For the University, cooperation nor community, Club Giraffe. The members of Club with general upper secondary schools is a marketing Giraffe were invited to seven events, including a tour channel and part of public engagement. The cooper- of the New Children’s Hospital and a presentation of ation has included, for example, student shadowing, the research conducted there. The highlight of the collaborative courses, learning material coopera- year was the traditional gala for donors and grant re- tion and events. For example, the Amazing Race of cipients, which celebrated supporters of the Univer- Science event was organised on Kumpula Campus, sity of Helsinki and those who have received a grant during which general upper secondary school stu- or an award based on those donations. dents familiarised themselves with activities on campus. The Open University features modules suitable for general upper secondary students, and the University offers a variety of MOOC courses as well as language clubs and workshops organised by REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE the Language Centre. It is possible to receive credits for certain studies. In addition, student ambassadors HELSINKI METROPOLITAN AREA have visited general upper secondary schools.

The activities, content and brands of the City of Hel- Increasing the availability of early childhood educa- sinki and the University of Helsinki are closely in- tion teachers is important to the City. The University tertwined. In order to consolidate common inter- and the City have approached the Ministry of Educa- national visibility and raise the mutual profile of the tion and Culture to negotiate an increase in educa- City and the University, several collaborative pro- tion in the field. jects have been recognised, including the Helsinki Energy Challenge, the Helsinki Biennial, Peking De- The City of Helsinki joined Aalto University, the Uni- sign Week (in the Edutech theme) and Slush. With versity of Helsinki and the VTT Technical Research regard to the Helsinki Energy Challenge, coopera- Centre of Finland’s joint Finnish Centre for Artificial tion potential has been mapped, for example, for the Intelligence FCAI. The aim of the Centre is to find ways to make the most advanced artificial intelli-

52 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement gence applications available to companies, organisation of investments and partnerships. This will allow tions and society. In addition, FCAI participates ac- the project to create new jobs and increase exports. tively in creating artificial intelligence ecosystem and consolidating the competitiveness of the region as a Land-use planning complying with the goals of the hub of top-level competence and digital solutions. city master plan has been started in Viikki as a collaboration with the planning authorities and land FCAI is currently engaged in creating EU-level net- owners (the City of Helsinki, the University of Hel- works. One of the aims is to train one per cent of the sinki and Senate Properties). The parties aim to im- world’s population in artificial intelligence. Thus far, plementthe themes of the bio and circular economy over 350,000 students have participated in the Ele- innovation platform planned for Viikki. ments of AI course, and it seems likely that the goal will be reached within the EU. The City and FCAI With regard to the area between Kumpula Campus have also agreed to cooperate in, for example, the and Kustaa Vaasan tie, a competition for ideas was dissemination of research information and related organised together with the University, Senate Prop- experiments. erties and the City. The drawing up of the master plan for the area will commence immediately based In October, Helsinki and Peking signed a four- on the winning proposal, “Science-oriented Upper year cooperation agreement between the cities, the Secondary School for Kumpula”. themes of which span from urban planning to environmental protection and innovation cooperation. Upper secondary school cooperation continued with The University of Helsinki and Peking University the City of Vantaa, and an agreement for developing have a science- and research-based strategic part- cooperation between Vantaa and the University was nership. concluded. The aim is to find and develop new cooperation forms which will support the strategic goals To support the City of Helsinki and the University of of both parties. Helsinki and the joint innovation competence cluster at Viikki Campus, an advisory board for campus development was appointed. Its aims include the joint development of the area, increased cooperation and the consolidation of the brand. THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI ELSE-

Health Capital Helsinki (HCH) was launched in WHERE IN FINLAND 2015. During the year, HCH cooperation increased considerably when the consortium was joined by the The University has six research stations, Tvärminne, City of Espoo and the Metropolia, Haaga-Helia and Lammi, Kilpisjärvi, Hyytiälä, Muddusjärvi and Vär- Laurea universities of applied sciences. The project riö, which offer services for research and education engages in close cooperation with companies in life to the University and its stakeholders. sciences and health technology in the region, the research community, international ecosystems as well The University of Helsinki coordinates the Lahti and as other Finnish ecosystems and universities. Mikkeli university consortia and is involved in the Seinäjoki University Centre via the Ruralia Institute. HCH develops the operating environment of life sciences and health technology sectors in the Hel- sinki Metropolitan Area by, for example, supporting good practices and creating services to assisti new start-up enterprises. The Meilahti Campus and the LAHTI UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM start-up incubator to be built there play an important role, but the focus of the activities is the Hel- sinki Metropolitan Area in its entirety, including The Lahti University Campus (Lahti University Con- the campuses and communities of Otaniemi and the sortium) comprises operations by the University of universities of applied sciences. The project supports Helsinki and the Lappeenranta–Lahti University of the establishment and development of research- and Technology LUT. LUT is the most important coop- student-based start-up and growth companies; pro- eration partner of the University of Helsinki. The motes the creation of innovations and accelerates universities, together and separately, strengthen the their commercialisation; strengthens the research, attractiveness of Lahti among experts and students development and innovation activities in life scienc- as a town in which universities cooperate effectively es and health technology; and increases the alloca- with the business sector and promote entrepreneurship in the area. Projects and events will be imple-

53 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement mented with the aim to actively cooperate within the MIKKELI UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM region. The City of Lahti and higher education institutions, general upper secondary schools and companies in the area are an integral part of the cooper- The Mikkeli University Consortium is a network-like ation network. The strategic partnership agreement university consortium established by Aalto Univer- signed by the universities encourages the develop- sity, the University of Helsinki and LUT University, ment of universities’ joint operations, including joint the activities of which focus on the themes of ecolog- research projects, recruitment and opportunities ical change, change in entrepreneurship and digital provided by the teaching offere. change.

Research and teaching conducted by the Universi- The partnership agreement between the City of Mik- ty of Helsinki in Lahti focuses mainly on biological keli and the Mikkeli University Consortium provides and environmental sciences, but the University also the framework for the development work taking participates in the teaching and research in social place in Mikkeli and the part played by the universi- sciences and arts in the Lahti region. Many research ties in it. The focus is on development platforms, and projects include business life operators in the area. the role of universities is significant. A Science Trail concept was launched in collaboration with the City In addition to ongoing research projects, important of Mikkeli department of education and the Mikke- new projects have been launched in particular in the li summer university. The Science Trail develops Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, school grade–specific themes related to the City of where research is focused o the effects of human ac- Mikkeli. tivity on land and aquatic ecosystems. The research provides solutions to topical environmental issues. As part of a nationwide concept, the University Con- sortium organised a Science Forum in cooperation Science education among children and young people with the City of Mikkeli, the Mikkeli general upper was active. The Päijät-Häme LUMA Centre provides secondary school and Mikkeli Regional Library. all ninth graders with an opportunity to make a sci- Southern Savonia Forest Centre and the Muisti ence experiment visit to the SOLU science classroom, Centre of War and Peace were partners in separate while offering extensive LUMA club activities in the events. Three public lecture series were organised in Lahti region. Furthermore, the Lahti Junior Univer- Mikkeli. International Mikkeli Day was organised for sity concept was planned in collaboration between the eighth time. UH, LUT and the LAB University of Applied Scienc- es. The project ’LUODE – Nature and the arts as a In 2019, it was Mikkeli’s turn to coordinate the co- learning environment for skills young people need operation between the university consortia. A work- in working life’ completed the ’School without walls’ ing seminar and a national seminar celebrating the project, which laste the entire academic year. The past 15 years of university consortia was organised Open University and the City of Lahti Educational in Mikkeli. and Cultural Services have been brainstorming a pilot project on how general upper secondary schools The Ruralia Institute participated in the University’s could better utilise the teaching offering of the Open research assessment in the panel for social sciences University of the University of Helsinki. and received an excellent assessment on public engagement. According to the assessment, Ruralia has A thesis accelerator project (ESF) led by the coordi- succeeded excellently in networking with operators nation unit was launched. The main goal is to create in the fields of politics and praxis, while the quality and pilot an operating model promoting opportuni- of research was assessed as good. The multidiscipli- ties for master’s level students to write their theses narity and diversity of the funding base were lauded. for companies operating in the Päijät-Häme region. During the year, the Ruralia Institute participated in Lahti Science Day, collaboratively organised by the numerous research and development projects and in higher education institutions in the Lahti region, was doing so, collaborated with hundreds of partners. organised again with approximately 500 people par- New initiatives in research included the project ticipating. The Match made in Lahti event and the ’Digitaalisen alustaloiuden toimintaperiaatteet ja Venture Program were organised for students in co- kuntien elinvoimapolitiikka’ (Operating principles of operation with the business community. In addition, digital platform economy and municipal vitality pol- many open morning coffee events and theme meet- itics) funded by the Foundation for Municipal Devel- ings with the business sector were organised. opment as well as the ’Cultured meat in post-animal bioeconomy’ project funded by the Kone Founda-

54 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Public engagement tion. The Ruralia Institute coordinates the popular VAASA Co-op Network Studies.

A possibility to search for books and sheet music was Legal education at the Vaasa unit of Legal Studies is introduced to the Digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi of the Na- part of the Faculty of Law of the University of Hel- tional Library of Finland, and books digitised earlier sinki. The Vaasa Unit offers the first cycle degree, by the Library were transported to Digi. The Haka pi- i.e., Bachelor of Laws degree in the Bachelor’s Pro- lot project, where copyrighted digitised newspapers gramme in Law, and a bilingual Master of Laws de- and magazines were offered to six institutions for re- gree in the Master’s Programme in Law. search use, was completed. Based on the experiences gained, a new more extensive Tutkain project was prepared, which will expand the right of research use up until 2018.

55 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 A sustainable and responsible university A SUSTAINABLE AND RESPONSIBLE UNIVERSITY

Social responsibility drives the operations of the In the beginning of 2019, HELSUS assumed the co- University of Helsinki. The University provides new ordinating responsibility for the Expert Panel for knowledge and responsible solutions for global is- Sustainable Development together with Natural Re- sues and educates responsible experts for the needs sources Institute Finland and the Finnish Environ- of society. As an important social influence, the Uni- ment Institute. Furthermore, in 2019 the monthly versity also wants to provide an example of an or- Viikki Sustainability Research Seminar was launched ganisation where sustainability and responsibility again together with Natural Resources Institute Fin- are present in all operations. land and the Finnish Environment Institute, where researchers from the three research organisations The realisation of sustainability and responsibility introduce topical research related to a shared sus- are at a good international level at the University tainability theme. of Helsinki. Times Higher Education published the first global rankings focused on sustainability that HELSUS participated in PATH2030 – An Evaluation surveyed how universities are implementing the sus- of Finland’s Sustainable Development Policy, which tainability goals of the UN’s Agenda 2030. The Uni- was completed in 2019 and funded by the Govern- versity of Helsinki placed 15th in the ranking, which ment’s analysis, assessment and research activities. measures the social and financial impact of universi- The evaluation received the prize for the best eval- ties. The 2019 ranking included 11 of the 17 sustain- uation of 2019 awarded by the Finnish Evaluation ability goals set by the UN. Sustainable development Society, and the evaluation results were presented, goals are related to, for example, the eradication of for example, in open hearings of three parliamentary poverty, the promotion of equality and the mitiga- committees. tion of climate change and its effects. In May, HELSUS in collaboration with the Aalto Sus- tainability Hub (ASH) organised the Sustainability Science Days 2019 event, which attracted over 500 researchers and experts interested in sustainability HELSINKI INSTITUTE OF science on the City Centre Campus and Otaniemi Campus. The theme of the event was the sustaina- SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE bility of consumption and production methods. In addition to scientific presentations, the event includ- The Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science ed a public Think Corner event on the reduction of HELSUS of the University of Helsinki, established air travel emissions, a European election campaign in 2018, aims to participate in the sustainability debate and a panel discussion on sustainable devel- transformation of Finnish society and promotes the opment goals, which also served to spearhead the adoption of sustainable solutions through multidis- strategic plan of the University. ciplinary research and education. In 2019, HELSUS took part in cooperation projects and events with a Sustainability is linked with all fields of education. number of different actors. The Centre for University Teaching and Learning and HELSUS in collaboration with the faculties

56 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 A sustainable and responsible university launched the planning of a sustainability course for ployees’ air travel raised a great deal of discussion all students. The aim is to implement the course as at the University. The University of Helsinki com- a MOOC online course and to provide students with pensated for the emissions generated by its employ- an opportunity to understand sustainability in a ees’ air travel in 2018 (4,503 tons Co2eq) through multidisciplinary manner from a variety of perspec- a Gold Standard–certified project implemented in tives. Together with the HELSUS-Members network, Kenya providing Kenyan families with high-powered HELSUS organised several other events focused on stoves. In 2019, the University’s air travel–related sustainability studies, such as panel discussions at emission grew by 2.2 % from 2018 and comprised Think Corner and Brown Bag Lunch seminars pre- 4,623 tons CO2eq. Increased air travel and the re- senting the latest in HELSUS research. lated emissions are a worrying development trend. In autumn 2019, Zoom software aimed at remote teaching, the organisation of webinars and internal video communications for organisation was adopted, which also promoted the replacement of foreign SUSTAINABILITY AND travel with remote connections. RESPONSIBILITY COMMITTEE

The University’s Sustainability and Responsibility Committee, established late in 2018, continued its SUSTAINABILITY COMMITMENTS activities and actively participated in the drawing up of the new University strategic plan, among other things. In 2015, the University signed three commitments under Society’s Commitment to Sustainable Devel- In the autumn, the Sustainability and Responsibili- opment, including the commitment to decrease en- ty Committee established seven workgroups tasked ergy and water consumption in University facilities with drawing up plans to improve sustainability at as well as to generate at least 5 % of its energy con- the University. The themes of the groups are: sumption on site through renewable energy sources by 2025. In addition, it made the commitment to • The carbon footprint of buildings, travel and IT implement measures to promote low-emission and services healthy commuting. • Circular economy and responsible procurement in offices and laboratories In 2019, electricity consumption in University build- • Sustainability training and communications ings decreased by 2.4 % from 2018. Weather-adjusted heat consumption decreased by 4.4 %. The increase Air travel emissions and the University’s decision to of the usage rate of facilities as well as the increase in compensate for the emissions generated by its em- the number of electricity-consuming equipment and

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

How trees and turnips grow fatter – re searchers unlock the secrets of radial growth

Two international research teams have identified key regulatory networks controlling how plants grow ‘outwards’, which could help us to grow trees to be more efficient carbon sinks and increase vegetable crop yields. Picture: Ondrej Smetana https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/sustainability-news/how- trees-and-turnips-grow-fatter-researchers-unlock-the-secrets-of-radial-growth

57 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 A sustainable and responsible university usage times creates a challenging environment for governance in terms of investments, known as ESG decreasing electricity consumption. Electricity con- factors. The University is making ESG analysis a part sumption decreased by 0.3 % from the previous year. of its investment activities and aims to completely divest from investments in businesses that produce The water consumption of buildings increased by fossil fuels. 1.4 % from 2018. This was caused, among other things, by fish studies launched at Lammi Biologi- The responsibilities of the University include safe- cal Station and Biocentre 3. Water-saving measures guarding its financial stability and increasing its were regularly implemented as part of facility main- independence. In 2019, listed investment targets tenance, for example, all plumbing fixtures in Exac- generated a profit of 21.66 %, while the benchmark tum were checked and serviced. index was 21.90 %. During the year, the University transferred approximately one-third of its assets in- The amount of renewable energy produced on-site vested in listed targets to cost-efficient and globally increased considerably when the extension of the diversified index funds. The annual administrative Viikki solar plant was deployed early in the year and fee for new investments is under 0.1 % of the capital solar and geothermal heat sources were construct- invested. New stock investments were diversified in ed at the Tvärminne Zoological Station. In all 1.8 % such a way that they simultaneously comprise shares of the energy consumption of University facilities in more than a thousand businesses globally. Never- was produced on-site. In addition, the University theless, at the end of the year, 40 % of the investment acquired 17,520 Mwh of electricity produced with portfolio of €472 million remained under discretion- water power, which combined with solar energy pro- ary asset management. duced at University facilities corresponds to approximately 22 % of electricity consumption. The share The University’s investment activities are focused on of renewably produced electricity in purchased basic non-listed businesses founded on invention disclo- electricity is around 12 %. sures as well as the intellectual property rights often associated with them. The University paid attention To implement the commitment to a sustainable com- to proper governance of businesses with regard to muting, the University boosted support for biking both current and future non-listed businesses. Cur- and introduced software which makes telecommut- rent businesses were influenced by attending almost ing easier. During the summer and winter kilometre all general meetings. In the meetings, the Universi- challenge, members of the University community ty strove to defend the principle of the equality of biked a total of 280,734 kilometres and decreased shareholders by opposing motions potentially harm- carbon dioxide emissions by over 49 tons. An event ful to certain minority shareholders. The proper comprising of bike servicing and the chancellor’s governance of businesses yet to be established was breakfast event was organised on all campuses. New promoted through the development of the Univer- bicycle parking areas were built on the City Centre sity’s investment activities. The University decided Campus for 280 bicycles at eight different properties. to make smaller seed investments related to the establishment of non-listed businesses. A precondition The mobile system for recording working hours de- for any potential further investment is that business- ployed at the start of the year increased flexibility for es first succeed in acquiring a professional investor location-free work for other staff and will allow mon- from outside the University Group as the principal itoring the number of telecommuting days in future. investor. The use of Microsoft Teams workgroup software became more extensively used during 2019. The responsibility to partners and society is organi- cally linked to trust and based on openness. In 2019 a decision was made to publish all new significant investments without delay, in addition to which all investments will be made public in conjunction with RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT ACTIVI- the financial statement of the current year. In the future, the University will refrain from investing in TIES international non-listed companies. This decision will also have an effect on the tax footprint, since any In 2019, the University of Helsinki Group approved potential corporate taxes will consequently stay in the new principles for responsible investment activ- Finland. ities. Responsible investment activities are founded on the principles of responsible investment support- Among other things, the University requires that ed by the United Nations, which pertain to matters the University’s asset managers consider factors related to the environment, society and corporate pertaining to the environment, social responsibility

58 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 A sustainable and responsible university and proper governance in their investment activities, The 20th anniversary of Fairtrade was also celebrat- and that they take an active stance in ownership. The ed at the University. The University of Helsinki has funds in which the University made investments in been a Fairtrade University since 2013. One example 2019 exclude fossil fuel producers and distributors of the use of Fairtrade products is that the coffee and as well as businesses whose operations are based tea served at official events at the University as well on marketing of ethically questionable services or as in coffee machines for the staff is always Fairtrade products. The share of fossil fuel producers in the coffee and tea. portfolio fell approximately by 10 % during the year. Due to an increasingly accurate measuring method, their proportional share will, however, be practically unchanged, remaining below 1 % of the investment portfolio. The aim is to remove the remaining fossil OTHER THEMES fuel producers from our portfolio without undue delay and in a controlled manner, no later than by the end of 2021. Universities Finland (UNIFI) established a sustainable development and responsibility workgroup. The University of Helsinki is the chair of the group. The workgroup aims to define shared principles, goals and operating methods for universities as well as to EVENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY share best practices in promoting sustainability and responsibility. In the autumn, the workgroup organised an event in which representatives of almost Sustainability and responsibility were strongly high- 60 different universities considered the role of uni- lighted in Think Corner events. The programme se- versities in matters related to sustainability and re- ries, Hope for Globe, organised in March, discussed sponsibility. The workgroup also aims to study how among other things the changes caused by climate universities report on their measures to promote change in food production, the wellbeing of the Bal- sustainable development and how the reporting of tic Sea, society and individuals. The climate election measures should be developed in order to receive event related to the parliamentary elections in the comparable data. spring brought together University researchers and politicians to discuss what should be done to mitigate Recycling was promoted, and the foundations of climate change. The themes included forest policies, a circular economy were laid in 2019. The IT Cen- carbon neutral everyday life in Finland and global tre launched a new IT equipment recycling system climate policies. Other single events on the theme of to save costs and protect the environment. Of the sustainability included a discussion event on the car- equipment delivered for recycling, 97 % are reused bon sinks of forests and the soil organised in cooper- and the remaining 3 % are recycled as material. ation with the Climate Leadership Coalition. The University of Helsinki Property Services Ltd launched a plastic packaging recycling pilot project The University of Helsinki together with MuniFin in six buildings on different campuses. At the same implemented a challenge-based Master Class pro- time, the functionality of the new recycling contain- gramme with the theme of sustainable developers was tested, and user feedback on them collected. ment in the municipalities and cities of the future. The recycling of plastic packaging will be expanded An international Sustainability Master Class course to cover the University in its entirety in 2020. The was organised in collaboration with Valio, which equipment register reform launched in 2019 has also looked for multidisciplinary solutions to food waste, taken into account the efficient use of equipment and consumer choices and the coping problems of dairy the opportunities to recycle equipment inside the farmers. University.

59 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Human resources HUMAN RESOURCES

Figure 18. Change in FTEs for the teaching and SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF STAFF research staff and training school teachers in 2018–2019.

At the end of 2019 the number of University staff Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 measured in full-time equivalents (FTE) was 7,392. Other teachers (hourly paid) Training school teachers This shows a decrease of 247 FTEs (3.5 %) compared 70,0 to the previous year. As regards teaching and re- 58,7 57,6 search assistants, the statistical method changed in 60,0 2017. From 2017 to 2019, they were included in other 50,0 staff instead of teaching and research staff. Figures 40,0 33,3 and numbers concerning earlier years have also been s 30,0 presented using the new statistical method. An in- FT E 20,0 crease of 161.4 FTEs (4.0 %) was seen among teach- 12,7 10,0 ing and research staff FTEs compared with 2018. 2,8 In this group, growth was particularly pronounced 0,0 among assistant/associate professors and univer- -1,0 -10,0 sity lecturers (level 3), as well as doctoral students (level 1), while the amount of hourly paid teaching decreased. FTEs for the specialist and support staff grew by 83 (2.8 %) compared to the previous year. The largest increase in this group was among the support staff

Figure 19. Full-time equivalents at the University of Helsinki by staff group in 2010–2019.

Teaching and research staff Specialist and support services staff Teachers at the teacher training schools Total 9 000 8214 8116 8073 7904 7831 7838 8 000 7392 7266 7205 7144 7 000

s 6 000

FT E 5 000 4212 4130 4175 3934 3946 3924 4004 3907 3953 4013 4 000 4002 3986 3994 3815 3767 3 000 3695 3222 3118 2997 3080 2 000

1 000 145 143 140 139 137 134 134 137 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

60 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Human resources

Figure 20. Change in FTEs for specialist and sup- Figure 22. Change in FTEs for the international port staff in 2018–2019. teaching and research staff and training school

T&R support IT Library teachers in 2018–2019.

Administrative Technical Other Level 4 Level 3 70,0 Level 2 Level 1 59,4 60,0 Other teachers (hourly paid) Training school teachers 50,0 50,0 42,3 40,0 40,0 s 30,0 30,0 FT E

20,0 s 13,3 20,0

9,0 FT E 10,0 5,1 12,1 10,0 7,3 0,0 4,6 -1,8 -1,8 -10,0 0,0 -1,5 -0,3 -10,0

Figure 21. FTEs for international staff by staff group in 2010–2019.

Teaching and research staff, training school teachers 1 400 Specialist and support services staff 1 250 Total 1170 1 200 1116 1059 1049 1003 1025 946 1 000 1 079 797 1014 952 s 800 670 846 884 889 827 FT E 764 600 647 554 400

150 182 177 179 175 161 165 156 171 200 116

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 for teaching and research (59.4 FTEs) and IT staff In line with previous years, both the share and num- (13.3 FTEs). At the same time, a decrease of 1.8 FTEs ber of FTEs among international staff continued was seen respectively in both technical and other to grow, with an increase of 80 FTEs compared to staff. 2018. This is primarily due to the FTE increase of the teaching and research staff. In December 2019 the number of staff was 8,110. Teaching and research staff comprised 4,638 em- In December 2019 women accounted for 57.1 % and ployees, specialist and support staff 3,325 employ- men for 42.9% of all staff. Among the teaching and ees, and teaching staff at the teacher training schools research staff, women accounted for 50.7 % and men 147 employees. for 49.3 %.

Figure 23. Change in FTEs for international spe- Figure 24. Ratio of men and women of all staff and cialist and support staff in 2018–2019. of teaching and research staff.

T&R support IT Other Ratio of men Library Techical Administrative Ratio of women

14,0 Ratio of men among teaching and research 12,0 staff 12,0 Ratio of women among teaching and research staff 10,0 60% 58,0 % 56,7 % 56,8 % 56,7 % 57,1 % 8,0

s 6,0 4,7 55% 50,9 % 50,0 % 50,2 % 50,3 % 50,7 % FT E 4,0

1,5 atio 50%

2,0 R 50,0 % 49,1 % 49,8 % 49,7 % 49,3 % 0,0 45% 43,3 % 43,2 % 43,3 % 42,9 % -2,0 -0,2 -0,3 42,0 % -4,0 -2,7 40% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

61 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Human resources

HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING AND by describing the process for recruiting assistant/ associate professors and professors more compre- STAFF RECRUITMENT hensively. The development of the career websites of the University and its faculties from the perspective of attracting international experts was initiated in HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING cooperation with HR Services, the communications team and the City of Helsinki. Together with Univer- The development of the human resources structure sity communications, a clear plan was drawn up for and human resources planning in operational units comprehensive employer image communications, in were made a more integral part of operations man- addition to which image and video material in sup- agement at the University. The focus areas of the de- port of communications was produced, especially velopment of human resources structure guide the for digital communications. The visibility of calls for units’ human resources planning, the development applications targeted at teaching and research staff of staff competence as well as measures related to oc- was increased in international publication portals. cupational wellbeing in the short and long term. The A cooperation agreement was concluded with the purpose of increasingly detailed human resources Nature Careers portal, while a trial period was im- plans is to allocate human resources in a systemat- plemented with the Times Higher Education portal, ic and appropriate way to various operations in the with the impact of the latter now under assessment. units. The units’ recruitment activities are based on At HR Services, a coaching package for recruiters the human resources plan and the focus areas for was introduced for long-term use within the sec- the development of the human resources structure. tor. The goal of this coaching is to comprehensively strengthen the recruitment expertise of HR Services In the development of the human resources struc- and, through this, boost the sector’s role in support- ture, changes to operations and the environment ing units in recruitment and establishing the em- were taken into consideration from a wider perspec- ployer image. tive than before, as were their effects on staff numbers and skills needs. These factors include profile The results of the diligent work carried out for the building activities, cooperation across scientific employer image is evident, among other things, in fields, national duties and significant allocations of the survey on Finland’s most attractive employers external funding, such as funds granted by the Eu- carried out by Universum among professionals in ropean Research Council (ERC). When defining new different fields. The University was first in thehu- skills needs and focus areas for skills development, manities category, also ranking in the category for the goal was to identify existing key experts and any business professionals. The number of followers of a potential risks of brain drain, as well as to consider LinkedIn page focused on expert recruitment at the attractiveness, engagement, integration and other University grew more than 150 % in a year, reaching factors related to internationalisation. Additional- 3,422 individuals at the beginning of 2020. Through ly, the focus areas in the development of the human well-functioning applicant communication and care- resources structure encompassed equality as well as fully conducted recruitment processes, contributions ongoing and planned unit-specific measures to pro- were made to improve the applicant experience in all mote workplace wellbeing, collegiality, diversity and application processes. In the recruitment system, non-discrimination. the applicant path was condensed, and a new mobile user interface targeted at applicants was completed. Planned recruitments and prioritised changes to human resources for the current and four subsequent A site visit model was prepared as part of the re- years were recorded in unit-specific human resourc- cruitment process for teaching and research staff. es plans. The HR plan was implemented within the By investing in applicant visits, we are improving bounds of the financial resources available, taking the perception among international applicants in into account needs, retirements, resource realloca- particular of the University of Helsinki, the relevant tions and fixed-term employment contracts. field of science and its researchers, as well as of Fin- land and Helsinki as a place of residence. With our partner in relocation services, the use of services was STAFF RECRUITMENT expanded in almost all faculties to support the arrival, relocation and integration of international staff. During the year, the focus was on measures boost- To facilitate international relocations, relevant oper- ing the employer image and attracting international ators were surveyed and a suitable partner selected experts. The content of the University’s English-lan- through a competitive bidding process. guage career website was expanded and the transparency of recruitment processes increased, for example,

62 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Human resources

In the spring, the rector appointed a working group SKILLS DEVELOPMENT to develop a career model for university lecturers. The group was tasked with creating, by the end of 2019, a model that is attractive to university lectur- Continuous learning and the development of person- ers and enables their career progress. The group will al professional skills are integral operating methods continue its work in 2020. Recruitments for assis- in our work and in its development. The focus of tant/associate professorships and professorships skills development in staff training is linked with the funded by PROFI4 funding awarded by the Academy common goals of the University. In addition to staff of Finland were largely completed, while calls for ap- training, the University offered, among other things, plications funded by PROFI5 funding were initiated. coaching and mentoring.

The internationalisation of expert and support staff Early in 2019, a training event concerned with chal- in particular was further consolidated with a trainee- lenging supervision and teaching situations was ship programme, through which international mas- organised for teachers and the academic adminis- ter’s degree students were recruited to University tration staff. In cooperation with the special arrange- Services and a handful of other operating units. To ment expert panel, a session was organised on spe- improve employer knowledge, the University took cial arrangements at the University and their extent part in 2019 in selected recruitment events targeted beyond just the additional time allocated in exami- at specialists and students. nations. As a new offering, we offered Mental Health First Aid 2 courses to staff, aimed at pre-emptively At University Services, HR Services organised net- preventing the occurrence or development of mental working events for new employees where feedback health problems or disorders in the work and study on the University’s recruitment processes and ori- community. Workshops focused on assessing risks entation practices was collected for the continu- associated with chemicals was another new training ous development of operations. Furthermore, HR offering, this one targeted at laboratory staff. specialists from University Services had informal end-of-employment discussions with employees who An attempt has been made to further strengthen the had terminated their permanent employment con- practices of learning from others among the Univer- tracts to survey their opinions and to gain feedback. sity community, with peer mentoring groups on of- To support both meetings between new employees fer. Training for supervising a peer mentoring group and end-of-employment discussions, template forms was offered to teaching and research staff, in addi- were created for collecting measurable data. In the tion to which facilitation coaching was organised to future, processes will be developed so that they can increase the use of facilitation. be employed throughout the University. The opportunity has been provided to implement new solutions in skills development as cloud-based services, such as courses completed through inde-

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Why is Finnish teacher education excel lent? Teacher training schools provide one explan a tion

To work as a qualified teacher in Finland, university students practice in a teacher training school during their studies. The Master’s Degree includes 20 credits of training for both class teachers and subject teachers.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/education-news/ why-is-finnish-teacher-education-excellent-teacher-training-schools-provide-one-explanation Photo: 123rf

63 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Human resources pendent study. Among other things, this entails tools OCCUPATIONAL WELLBEING AND supporting orientation efforts and a modern tool for the management of training. To support orientation, INCLUSIVITY related programmes were established that can be allocated for completion to specific target groups, such A competitive bidding process for the University’s as the staff of a certain unit or new employees. The occupational healthcare for the term 2020—2024 service comprises well-functioning self-service fea- was carried out in 2019. The goal for the term is to tures for employees, supervisors and trainers. As a provide standard occupational health processes and whole, the service supports staff training processes, procedures for all members of the University com- training and skills development. A further goal is to munity. During the term, occupational healthcare improve human resources management, as, for ex- will encompass statutory preventive occupational ample, supervisors have the ability to monitor the healthcare, as well as general medical care, other rate of completion of the orientation programme for healthcare and certain specialist consultations. In new employees. This project, which is related to the addition, the digital services of the service provider digitalisation of HR management tools, proceeded will be available to all University employees. and was completed in the planned timeframe, also making the University the first higher education in- The aim has been to develop and increase the num- stitution to be awarded an esteemed international ber of occupational health services in the areas where quality award. a growing need has been identified in recent years. Occupational health cooperation is also increasingly targeted at preventive occupational healthcare and DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT, LEADER- care that supports fitness for work. SHIP AND SUPERVISORY WORK A workplace wellbeing survey targeted at the staff Skills in strategic management and leadership were as a whole was carried out at the University in Oc- strengthened in the LeadershipARENA sessions or- tober and November. The overall response rate was ganised in conjunction with drawing up the Univer- 56 %, while the overall score was 3.57 on a scale of sity’s new long-term strategic plan. To begin with, 1 to 5. In total, 4,991 individuals responded to the management, leadership and decision-making were survey, of whom 219 were grant-funded researchers clarified by defining key management roles, duties or otherwise not employed by the University. Slight and required skills, as well as by highlighting lead- improvements were seen in every area of the sur- ership forums at different levels and their purpose. vey, and no individual area was given a score under Human resources management and inclusivity were 3.0. According to the results, the central strength supported in particular by promoting the manage- of academic work is its interesting and challenging ment of occupational wellbeing. Group and individ- nature. The best scores were given to the content of ual coaching were increased in the development of personal duties and the work carried out by imme- both new leaders and management groups. diate supervisors. Compared to the previous survey, better scores were given in particular to the Univer- Supervisory coaching at the University was rede- sity-level elements in which investments were made signed, focusing particularly on coaching and inter- after the workplace wellbeing survey of 2017. These active leadership that relies on, among other things, include on-site supervision, internal communication a goal-oriented approach, encouragement, the avail- and the addressing of difficult matters. Community ability of the supervisor to employees and the build- and collegiality also received a large number of pos- ing of trust. Supervisory coaching sessions have been itive assessments in the open answers. The biggest organised for individual faculties as well, with the needs for improvement and the stated expectations focus on the development needs of the relevant com- for development were related to multipurpose facil- munity. In the autumn, orientation sessions for new ities, working conditions, interruptions to work and supervisors organised by campus were harmonised. the clarity of strategic leadership.

The promotion of project leadership and manage- A session on Yammer was organised in December for ment at the University through training continued. discussing the survey results, at which community These training offerings have reached a large group members also collaboratively considered develop- of University community members. Additionally, ment targets pertaining to workplace wellbeing. In learning material for independently studying project early 2020, the faculties, independent institutes and management and operations at the University was University Services will draw up their development established as a new offering. The material is intend- plans for occupational wellbeing. ed for anyone working in projects and interested in project management.

64 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Human resources

On the basis of the results of the previous survey, noon seminar on job satisfaction under the theme a wide range of development measures have been ‘Simply trilingual’. At the event good language prac- carried out in the past two years. One such measure tices collected from members of the University com- relates to the clarification of work-related objectives munity by the language troops were introduced, in for each employee. In early 2019, an effort to boost addition to which a handful of awards were handed target and development discussion activities was in- out. The Maikki Friberg Equality Award was granted itiated. The process was clarified, and a new digital to Kumpula Campus, particularly to its occupational tool was introduced to support discussions between wellbeing groups and their active members. The Uni- supervisors and employees. To improve supervisors’ versity’s occupational wellbeing award was shared by skills and to provide assistance in the use of the tool, two recipients: the IT Centre received the award for sessions reaching a record number of University em- promoting inclusivity, while the other award was be- ployees in a supervisory position were held on each stowed on Trans Campus Chem, a group operating campus. on three laboratory-oriented campuses, for promoting chemical safety across campus boundaries. In the spring members of the University community actively contributed to strategic planning by re- In the summer the University once again took part sponding to an open survey, where they provided a in Helsinki Pride Week. During the week, which broad range of opinions and ideas, while strength- was organised at the University in cooperation with ening collegiality. The popular survey garnered re- Helsinki University Library, among others, an event sponses from a total of 1,599 community members. open to the public was held under the theme ‘Pride: The faculties, independent institutes and commit- Change is Coming – Different Voices!’, while flags tees were also active in strategic planning, especial- were flown for equality on all campuses and the Uni- ly in carrying out the environment analysis. For ex- versity took part in the Pride parade. ample, occupational safety committees provided the perspective of physical and mental wellbeing among The Gender group of the League of European Re- employees and students. search Universities (LERU) changed its name to Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI). In its activ- As part of the strategic planning, open campus meet- ities, the group highlighted themes of equality, im- ings of the rector and vice-rectors as well as other plicit bias, inappropriate treatment and inclusion. events for the University community were organ- To improve operations, the University took part in ised, which provided the opportunity to comment on LERU’s self-assessment, as well as in the meeting the summaries of the environment analysis. Another on diversity and inclusion of the University’s Inter- open session was held at Think Corner in the autumn national Advisory Board. As a further measure, the to provide answers to the five key questions of the group proposed a theme entitled ‘Bringing together environment analysis. different backgrounds while cherishing the role of a national institution’, which the equality and diversity Continuous determined efforts have been made to committee will focus on in the coming years. Partici- promote equality and accessibility. The Universi- pation in the equality network of Finnish institutions ty’s equality committee continued its work, while of higher education continued. adopting the equality and diversity committee as its new name. As planned, the committee updated the equality and diversity plan, measures included, for the term 2019–2020. The implementation of the original 19 measures has proceeded well. In 2019 the committee actively participated in planning the University’s strategy for the term 2021–2030. At the end of the year, the committee established inclusivity and accessibility working groups to complement the “language troops” already in operation, whose task it is to promote the policies included in the strategic plan of the University in their field of activity.

Characteristic of the current activity was the consideration given to preventing unconscious bias as well as the organisation of related English-language training on the campuses. As per established tradition, the equality and diversity committee and the occupational safety committee organised an after-

65 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Finances FINANCES

The total income of the University of Helsinki was tional contribution of €40 million to the funding of €688 million. The core funding allocated to the Uni- universities in the beginning of 2020. versity of Helsinki by the Ministry of Education and Culture was €386 million, a reduction of €5.5 mil- In 2020 the total sum of government subsidies lion from the year before. Since 2015 the government granted to the University of Helsinki will grow by core funding granted to the University of Helsinki approximately €13.7 million compared to 2019 as a has declined by a total of €59 million. In addition to result of the government’s additional investment in the previous core funding cuts, the government froze the funds allocated to universities and the reinstate- the university index referred to in the Universities ment of the universities index. However, the index Act for the years 2016–2019, as a result of which being reinstated in 2020 does not substitute for the core funding was not increased in a manner corre- index raises that were not implemented in the years sponding to the annual increase in the level of costs between. Additionally, the increase in government as stipulated by the university index. Universities funding allocated to the University of Helsinki is have had to cover this rise in costs by adjusting their diminished by poorer performance in the funding operations. allocation model for universities of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The cuts affecting the higher education sector decided by the government in 2015 total €570 million in The operating deficit of the University of Helsinki 2016–2020, taking also into account the effect of the was €34.8 million. The guidelines for recording in- university index freeze in 2016–2019 and the addi- vestment activities included in the code of financial management at higher education institutions by the

Figure 25. Result in 2010—2019.

University operations Investment activities

60 46,3 14,6 50 34,9 40 29,4 30 25 24,3 16 49 20 13,8 15 7,7 4,3 28 10 1,9 10 19 21 6 15 -35,9 0 6 8

€ € million 2 4 -10 -4 -3 -4 -17 -20 -35 -30 -19 -40 -50 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

66 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Finances

Ministry of Education and Culture were modified versity’s total income is composed of core funding, in 2018 so that from 2018, the price fluctuations of external funding and the income from investment securities have been included in results. Due to the activities and fundraising. The revenue stated in the change in accounting practices and the rise in stock University’s financial statement, or the income from prices, the investment activities of the University of operations, was €688 million. In the case of the Uni- Helsinki were €49.4 million in the black. Income versity, income denotes the University’s core and ex- from investment activities totalling €4.5 million was ternal funding. Core funding includes funds allocated allocated to the University’s operating activities, in- by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The core cluding the instalments to the Future Development funding allocated to the University was €386 mil- Fund, the 375 Future Fund and the University of lion, a decrease of €5.5 million (-1.4 %) from 2018, Helsinki Funds. In the financial statement of the accounting for 59 % of the University’s total income. University of Helsinki for 2019, the surplus was €15 Income from external funding comprised €284 mil- million. Further financial information is available in lion, or 41 % of the total income, including a total of the University of Helsinki financial statements and €2.5 in investment aid granted by the Academy of other financial publications. https://www.helsinki. Finland. In the financial statement, investment aid fi/en/university/financial-statements is not included in the income. Income from external funding grew by 3 % from the year before. The bulk of external funding comprises research funding (€204 million, or 72 %), with other funding making up the rest (€80 million, or 28 %). Research funding SURPLUS/DEFICIT FOR THE PERIOD increased by €5 million from the year before. Income from investment activities, the University of Helsin- ki Funds and fundraising totalled €18 million, with The University of Helsinki’s operating deficit was income from investment activities being €16 million. €35 million. Investment activities generated a sur- Income from the University of Helsinki Funds was plus of €49 million, of which €34 million was the re- €3 million. In 2019 the University was granted a to- sult of changes to the current value of the investment tal of €204 million in external research funding, of assets. The University’s overall result for 2019 was which €165 million originated in Finland and €38 positive, showing a surplus of €15 million. The Uni- million abroad, the latter accounting for 19 % of ex- versity of Helsinki’s operating activities recorded a ternal research funding. deficit for the fourth year running. The most important source of external research funding for the University is the Academy of Finland. The funding awarded by the Academy of Finland increased by approximately €5 million, totalling €109 INCOME million. The increase was partly caused by five profile building projects ongoing simultaneously, bringing the total for these projects €3.3 million higher In 2019 the University of Helsinki’s total income than in the previous year. The year 2019 was also amounted to €688 million, an increase of €11 mil- the concluding year of the PROFI1 project. In early lion (1.6 %) compared to the previous year. The Uni- 2019 two Academy of Finland Flagships (FCAI and

Figure 26. Income in 2010—2019.

Ministry of Education and Culture External funding and funding from the Ministry of Finance Revenue generated by the University

500 431 431 446 410 423 400 404 395 392 386 400 275 284 253 259 267 267 265 267 300 230 231 200 € € million

100 38 43 4 7 11 17 19 22 10 18 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

67 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Finances

Figure 27. External funding.

Academy of Finland Government ministries Businesses Foundations Business Finland Municipalities Other EU Other international funding 300

12 15 10 11 14 14 250 10 31 11 26 23 28 27 23 23 8 8 27 23 24 23 20 21 20 9 21 22 24 8 200 24 10 9 10 9 14 11 13 14 16 19 22 10 13 13 13 28 14 11 14 19 21 23 25 25 14 19 15 16 28 24 150 16 25 30 26 25 18 22 24 € € million 19 33 26 34 35 28 28 33 40 36 100 38 34

106 104 103 107 104 109 50 89 96 73 82

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

ICAN) were launched, for which the income in 2019 grew by €3 million to €28 million. The supplemen- was €2.4 million in total. The share of Academy of tary funding granted by the ministries includes fund- Finland funding of all research funding awarded to ing granted by the Ministry of Finance to the teacher the University of Helsinki was 53 %. EU research training schools, a total of €8.6 million in 2019. funding increased by €3 million from the year before, totalling €31 million. Growth was seen in particular in the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Social Sciences. Especially at the Faculty of Arts, the positive growth was influenced by a number of new ERC-funded projects. The share of research funding awarded by Finnish foundations

Figure 28. External research funding.

Academy of Finland Government ministries Businesses Foundations Business Finland Municipalities EU Other international funding 250

200 10 12 14 8 9 12 28 8 20 25 9 20 21 20 5 3 3 20 4 14 150 6 18 4 5 14 16 6 4 13 13 13 15 4 13 13 14 23 26 4 3 18 19 21 23 14 16 4 15 14 4 6 5 5 5 5 10 7 8 € € million 14 6 10 9 10 12 100 16 4 15 6 14 14

50 106 104 103 107 104 109 89 96 73 82

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

68 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Finances

Figure 30. Expenses in 2010–2019.

Staff Facilities rentals Other costs Depreciations

500 437 441 450 428 431 427 403 406 411 402 403 400 350 300 250

€ € million 183 200 174 152 160 153 158 161 136 142 145 150 95 82 87 87 88 91 89 89 100 76 77

50 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 14 15 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 29. Expense distribution in 2019. SOURCES OF INCOME BY CAMPUS

2 % 3 % 0 % 3 % The ratio between core and external funding var- 12 % ies by unit. External funding accounts for 60 % at Meilahti Campus, 57 % at Kumpula Campus and 50 % at Viikki Campus. The ratio is the lowest on the City Centre Campus, where external funding ac- 7 % counts for 30 % of all income. A total of €4.3 million of income from investment activities (including 60 % income from the University of Helsinki Funds) was spent by the faculties. External funding accounted 13 % for 42 % of the total funding of research institutes and 14 % of the total funding of service institutes. Independent research-focused institutes comprise the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, the Staff Rentals Helsinki Life Science Centre (HiLIFE), the Finnish Materials and supplies Purchased services Museum of Natural History (Luomus) and the doc- Travel expenses Depreciations toral schools, while service institutes comprise the Other Fundraising transfers Language Centre, the IT Centre, UniSport, the Open University, the National Library of Finland and Hel- sinki University Library. COSTS

The total expenditure of the University of Helsinki GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR was €708 million, an increase of 2.6 % compared to the previous year. The largest expenditure items UNIVERSITIES were personnel costs at €426.7 million (60 % of the total expenditure) and facility rents at €89.0 million Since 2012, government funding has been distrib- (13 %). Personnel costs grew by €23.5 million, while uted according to a core funding formula based on other operating costs decreased by €3.2 million. performance criteria. The share of governmental core funding granted to the University of Helsinki is 23.7 % in 2020 (24.1 % in 2019). The figure on the previous page shows the government funding for the University of Helsinki and other Finnish universities based on the funding formula as a time series.

69 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Finances

Figure 31. Faculty income sources by campus. Figure 32. Independent institute income sources.

Core funding External funding Core funding External funding Investment activities Investment activities 160 80 0 0 140 0 70 14 120 60 47 0 42 100 50 0 0 54 80 40 € € million

60 € million 47 49 30 62 40 89 20 55 20 32 36 33 10 0 City Meilahti Viikki Kumpula 0 Centre Service institutions Research institutes

The share granted to the University of Helsinki de- Compared to 2019, the share granted to the Univer- clined by 0.39 percentage points. Since the total sity of Helsinki based on the criteria pertaining to funding granted to universities increased in 2020, education in the funding model decreased in all ar- the share granted to the University of Helsinki grew eas with the exception of bachelor’s degrees and stu- by €22.8 million. The table below shows the factors dent feedback. The share of research also decreased, that influenced the amount of core funding granted while the share of publications remained the same, to the University. The funding to be received in 2020 even though the most marked decrease in research will depend on the results achieved in 2016–2018. was seen in the share of doctoral degrees.

Figure 33. Government funding for universities in 2013—2020.

University of Helsinki (€ million) Total for other universities (€ million)

1680 1800 1624 1654 1603 1590 1575 1561 1559 1600 1400 1200 1253 1282 1000 1220 1231 1204 1189 1183 1183 800 € € million 600 400

200 383 394 401 387 387 378 376 398 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

70 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Finances

Table 18. The University of Helsinki’s share of the university funding model by performance criteria in 2017–2020.

Change Weight Funding model performance criterion 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020—2019 of crite- (% unit) rion

Master’s degrees 18.3 % 18.0 % 18.0 % 17.6 % -0.35 % 13 % Bachelor’s degrees 19.6 % 19.4 % 19.6 % 19.7 % 0.01 % 6 % Students who have completed 55 credits 19.9 % 19.0 % 18.8 % 18.7 % -0.02 % 10 % Credits completed at the Open University, non-degree studies 19.3 % 18.9 % 18.4 % 17.9 % -0.55 % 2 % International student exchange 17.6 % 17.9 % 18.1 % 17.2 % -0.87 % 2 %

International students with completed Mas- 12.9 % 11.8 % 10.4 % 9.4 % -1.02 % 1 % Education ter’s degrees Employed students with completed Master’s degrees 18.4 % 18.4 % 18.3 % 17.9 % -0.40 % 2 % Student feedback 16.8 % 16.8 % 17.5 % 16.9 % 0.57 % 3 %

Education total 18.7 % 18.3 % 18.3 % 18.0 % -0.28 % 39 %

Publications 31.6 % 30.6 % 29.8 % 29.8 % 0.00 % 13 % Doctoral degrees 28.9 % 29.0 % 29.0 % 28.5 % -0.57 % 9 % International funding 35.5 % 35.4 % 35.6 % 35.3 % -0.23 % 3 % Other competitive research funding 26.6 % 27.5 % 28.3 % 28.3 % -0.02 % 6 % Research International teaching and research staff 26.5 % 26.3 % 26.1 % 25.7 % -0.43 % 2 %

Research total 30.0 % 29.8 % 29.6 % 29.4 % -0.21 % 33 %

National duties 42.5 % 42.5 % 42.5 % 42.5 % 0.00 % 7 % Field-specific share 16.9 % 16.9 % 16.9 % 16.9 % 0.00 % 9 % Strategic funding 25.2 % 23.0 % 22.6 % 20.9 % -1.74 % 12 % Education and science policy targets, Other targets total 26.3 % 25.9 % 25.7 % 25.0 % -0.74 % 28 %

University of Helsinki’s share total 24.5 % 24.2 % 24.1 % 23.7 % -0.39 % 100 %

71 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Services SERVICES

In terms of services, the past year was stable. Chal- of the IT Centre are described in addition to Univer- lenges were again posed by tight finances, which sity Services. materialised as the careful consideration of which services have room for savings. The progress of digitalisation is evident on a number of fronts.

Process streamlining and agile operations were ad- UNIVERSITY SERVICES vanced, for example, by promoting process work and lean projects, as well as by increasing the awareness of lean techniques. To consolidate operations as well At University Services, the year proceeded without as to improve manageability and transparency, work marked changes to either the services or the operat- has continued on the University’s enterprise archi- ing environment. tecture and the promotion of project management. Further information on lean development and the University Services’ finances continued to be tight, enterprise architecture can be found in the subsec- and savings measures were implemented. At the tion Quality Management in the Changing Univer- same time, costs to be directly assigned to the fac- sity section. ulties and independent institutes (working hours) were on the rise: in 2019, the increase was 56 full- The aim in the management of digital development time equivalents. The number of FTEs at University has been comprehensive management, with the goal Services grew by 25 from the previous year, mainly of controlling continuously growing system entities as a result of the University Museum being trans- and their systematic development. ferred to administrative services from the beginning of 2019. Among the changes to the operating environment keeping members of the University community busy According to a survey conducted in spring 2019, were changes in the data protection requirements user satisfaction with University Services increased. based on EU directives and, towards the end of the Overall, satisfaction with University Services was 6.3 year, matters related to accessibility. The promotion on a scale of 0 to 10 (5.4 in 2018). Satisfaction with of open-access science was particularly evident in li- services improved on all campuses, but the highest brary services, while in the field of international col- increase, from 4.8 to 6.0, was seen at the City Centre laboration, preparations were made for the launch of Campus. At Meilahti, the mean score was 6.0, while the UNA Europa network. in Kumpula it was 6.7 and in Viikki 6.0. However, more uniformity of quality in the implementation of Below is a description of the services provided by the services and between different services is still need- University. All services cannot be highlighted each ed. year, which is why only certain elements of services produced by various units have been included here. In the open responses to the survey, accessibility This year, the services of Helsinki University Library challenges and the uneven quality of expertise were and the National Library of Finland as well as those highlighted. Services are considered good when an appropriate and competent specialist is located,

72 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Services but often that person takes too much time to lo- The promotion of automated solutions, especially in cate. The unevenness of quality is also evident in the finance and HR sectors, continued at Universi- the unreliability of service addresses and processes. ty Services. In the autumn, a survey was conducted The transition from an operating model oriented to collect ideas from the community for new targets on individuals to one based on teams also requires for automation. Automation is aimed at freeing up the re-establishment of trust. There is room for im- the working hours of specialists for tasks that utilise provement in terms of understanding and acknowl- their expertise better than, for example, the manual edging unit-specific needs. The change in the scope completion of forms. of resources is still evident in the rapid pace of work and the perception according to which a part of administrative duties has been transferred to teaching YPA-HELP and research staff. The YPA-Help project is developing a one-stop digi- In the workplace wellbeing survey, the overall score tal service channel for the staff alongside the on-site for University Services increased to 3.7 (3.5 in 2017), services provided by University Services. The aim is with improvement seen in all areas. The largest in- to establish an easily approachable electronic guid- crease was seen in the performance of supervisory ance channel for everyday questions, thus improving work. the accessibility and ease-of-use of services.

University Services continued the development of At the beginning of 2019, University Services made a project management and practised the management decision on the deployment of the new YPA-Help op- of project portfolios. Content production for the new erating model and digital service channel. According Flamma intranet constituted the major effort for to the decision, the operations were to be organised the spring, in conjunction with which it was care- in the form of a four-strong core team supplement- fully considered how to communicate on services ed by a YPA-Help network of roughly 25 individuals and how to provide related instructions to the staff. from the University Services sectors on the campus- At this juncture, the new people finder was also in- es. troduced, while the redesign of the external website was launched in the autumn. The mobile recording The pilot stage was initiated in the autumn by testing of working hours, introduced in 2019, was a step to- the new model and a Flamma chat service operated wards location-independent work for other staff. by the YPA-Help team on staff from University Ser- vices as well as the Faculty of Pharmacy and the Fac- In study-related services, the focus was on consol- ulty of Educational Sciences. The implementation idating the education reform and supporting the will continue in stages in 2020. drawing up of training plans for 2020–2023. At the City Centre Campus, support was also provided for the launch of the Helsinki Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities unit in the beginning of 2020.

MOST WIDELY-READ ONLINE NEWS 2019

Deep sleep cleanses the brain

The waste removal system of the brain, the glym- phatic system, is at its most efficient during deep sleep, a recent international study shows. The study also substantiated prior understanding of how sleep disorders may be predictive of demen- tia and Alzheimer’s disease.

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/health-news/deep-sleep-cleanses-the-brain Picture: 123rf

73 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Services

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY LIBRARY work whose open-access publication is permitted. A specific goal is to publish academic works relevant to SERVICES research and teaching, as well as classics of different fields of science. Helsinki University Library is the largest multidisciplinary research library in Finland, providing library The Library has concluded open-access publishing and information services in all fields of science at agreements4 with 25 publishers. In 2019 the Library the University. The Library offers its services online negotiated discounts and waivers of article process- and on all four campuses of the University. There are ing fees for 632 articles authored by University staff. almost 1.5 million printed and 800,000 electronic books as well as 27,500 electronic journals availa- In summer 2018 the Library launched a self-archiv- ble to customers of the Library. In 2019 the library ing service. Self-archiving denotes the storing of a locations had roughly 2 million visitors, with Kaisa version of a publication published elsewhere author- House being the most popular destination, serving ised by the publisher in an openly available format more than 1.5 million customers. in a publication archive. In autumn 2019 a campaign to promote self-archiving was organised, and by the Helsinki University Library provides information end of 2019 the service received over 2,000 new arti- environment services of high international qual- cles for self-archiving. ity for the needs of research, teaching and studying at the University, and promotes the availability and dissemination of scientific knowledge in society. In 2019 the Library paid particular attention to open-access publishing and the open accessibility of NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND research-based knowledge. The Library strove to improve the accessibility and visibility of both publica- SERVICES tions and research data. The new strategic plan of the National Library of The Open Access HUB project of Helsinki Universi- Finland for 2021—2030 emphasises the National Li- ty Library was carried out from 2017 to 2019, under brary as a resource of education and learning as well which a number of practical reforms were imple- as its role at the core of the academic community and mented. as a promoter of open science.

Helsinki University Press1, jointly operated by the The National Library actively promoted open science, Gaudeamus publishing house and Helsinki Univer- open-access publishing in particular, in internation- sity Library, provides a platform for open-access al and national networks. Among the international journals and books. HUP’s inaugural journal Rede- networks, key networks included the Open Science scriptions was made openly available in December Policy Platform of the EU, the Open Access survey of 2019, while the first books published by the publish- the European University Association (EUA) and the ing house were released in February 2020. OA2020 group. On the national level, key networks include a steering group and expert panels focused on The Library initiated the issuing of DOI identifiers, open science coordinated by the Federation of Finn- which provide publications with permanent identi- ish Learned Societies as well as the FinELib steering fiers to peer-reviewed articles and monographs pub- group. In the groups stated above, the National Li- lished through the Library’s publishing channels. brary contributes to drawing up policies pertaining DOI identifiers are internationally recognised iden- to open science-related matters and shares experi- tifiers for scientific publications that improve their ences. In the open-access publishing policy of the findability. Federation of Finnish Learned Societies, approved in late 2019, new responsibilities were assigned to the The Library opened the Editori Open Journal Ser- National Library in promoting open-access publish- vice2, a publishing platform for open-access journals ing and monitoring related costs. and series. FinELib is a consortium of Finnish universities, The Helda Open Books3 e-book collection was opened universities of applied sciences, research institutes in October, providing the opportunity to publish any and public libraries which ensures and improves the

1 https://hup.fi/ 2 https://journals.helsinki.fi/ 3 https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/302626 4 http://libraryguides.helsinki.fi/c.php?g=655755&p=4609000

74 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Services availability of electronic materials. The FinELib of- Library collections can be accessed using a separate fice1 serving the consortium operates at the Nation- National Library card. al Library. In 2019 FinELib negotiated open-access agreements with a number of scientific publishers, In the strategic plans of the Ministry of Education making it possible for researchers working in the and Culture, the University of Helsinki and the Na- FinELib member organisations to openly publish tional Library of Finland, the significance of learning their work without additional fees. Another goal of has a new emphasis. The National Library is taking such negotiations is to agree on as smooth a publish- part in a service for openly available learning materi- ing process as possible from the perspective of re- als, launched by the Ministry of Education and Cul- searchers. In addition, rights concerning the further ture, the Finnish National Agency for Education and use of data are determined under these agreements. the CSC – IT Centre for Science, where open learning materials from all educational levels can be searched FinELib has already concluded nine agreements for, compiled and stored. The service, introduced in which enable open-access publishing. In 2019, after stages in 2019 and 2020, and the learning materi- lengthy negotiations, an agreement was made that als included in it can be used by teachers, learners provided the option to publish openly in the journals and citizens in general. Finna will serve as one of the of Sage, Wiley and the Royal Society of Chemistry. channels leading to the service. Furthermore, the These agreements make it possible to publish 800 Finna Luokkahuone3 (‘Classroom’) service was in- articles openly. Already ongoing is a publishing re- troduced in 2019, offering ready-to-use materials for form aimed at making open-access publishing the teaching. primary way of publishing, which requires close international collaboration between different countries and operators. IT SERVICES RESEARCH AND TEACHING SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF In spite of the tight financial situation, the IT Cen- FINLAND tre invested extensively in 2019 in updating services Opening data protected by copyright for research use important to the University community, as well as has constituted a central strategic goal, which has in new services and customer support. A redesign of been piloted under several projects. In May 2,000 data communications networks was initiated during books were made available for research use under a the year to improve the reliability and service stand- three-year agreement via the digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi ards of the University network. The goal is to make service. The titles were selected by scholars of liter- the network increasingly reliable, as well as to pro- ature research and book history of the University of vide new services made possible by new technical Helsinki, while the copyright organisations Kopiosto solutions. and Sanasto contributed to the project. In the Haka project, the research use of copyrighted journal ma- To catch up with current technological standards, a terial has been trialled with Kopiosto and six other significant number of upgrades and reinstallations organisations. Based on experiences gained from were made to the operating systems of both servers the project, a new and more expansive project called and computers. The largest of these efforts was the Tutkain, which increasingly enables the application updating of the Windows 7 operating system to Win- of open science practices, was successfully negotiat- dows 10. During the project, more than a thousand ed. In the project, the related newspapers and mag- computers were updated, and 5,000 new computers azines are made available for three years to all inter- with Windows 10 installed were procured. ested universities. A total of 15 institutions of higher education registered for the project. The data was Diverse contributions to information security were made available in the beginning of 2020. made on the basis of a cyber maturity survey carried out by the Board of the University, in addition to Finna 2, the redesigned search service of the National which firewall updates relevant to information secu- Library, has from the autumn of 2019 made it possi- rity were carried out and new data communications ble to access all datasets catalogued by the National equipment were procured. The use of several devices Library through the same user interface. National at the end of their life cycle was discontinued, thus

1 www.finelib.fi 2 https://kansalliskirjasto.finna.fi/?lng=en-gb 3 https://www.finna.fi/Content/luokkahuone

75 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Services ensuring that the wireless network was in good con- 65,000 emails, phone calls and chat contacts received dition, among other things. by Helpdesk over the year, the chat bot responded to approximately 12,500 contacts. The trilingual Help- The IT Centre also contributed to development pro- desk instruction website garnered nearly 740,000 jects pertaining to information systems. Efforts were visits in 2019 (approximately 600,000 in 2018). made to promote the development of the Sisu system, which is replacing the Oodi system for academ- IT procurements were made more effective by out- ic administration that has served the University for sourcing IT equipment deliveries and installations, more than 20 years, as well as its integration with leaving more time for the support staff to assist mem- other University systems in particular. New tools bers of the University community with challenging were introduced in support of target and develop- IT-related problems. Increased efficiency was also ment discussions, as were tools associated with inter- sought by making a number of processes internal to nal training offerings. A mobile system for recording the IT Centre automated. working hours was also deployed at the University. The demanding project of the technical planning and During the year, a recycling system for IT equipment redesign of the Flamma intranet proceeded accord- was introduced, which generates savings, protects ing to schedule, and this development will continue the environment and reduces the University’s carbon in the coming years. footprint.

During the year a pilot (datacloud.helsinki.fi) was initiated on the storing and sharing of research data, DIGIHUB for which the first pilot users were obtained to test a previously completed backup service for research DigiHub is a coworking space and competence com- data. munity that promotes the customer-oriented and open development of digital services at the Univer- In terms of video communications, which are con- sity. DigiHub brings a range of operators together tinuously increasing in importance, the Zoom video in the name of both an agile approach and systems conferencing service was made available to the Uni- development that better supports operations. At versity community. The service is suited to remote DigiHub, software developers, product owners at teaching, and it enables remote participation in the University, researchers and external contractual meetings, seminars and conferences. partners work in a variety of projects and units. The operations were launched in 2015, and the facilities The IT for Science support service, previously only house roughly 50 workstations. active on Kumpula and Viikki Campuses, was expanded to Meilahti, with the goal of developing and For the purposes of peer learning, the DigiHub com- boosting the use of IT infrastructures central to re- munity is organised into competence communities search, as well as offering IT services suited to local based on various topics, which include service de- needs, especially in the areas of storage, computing sign, analytics and technology. The DigiHub network and data management. has continued to grow, comprising 187 individuals in 2019. The community has been organised in guilds, As a response to the University community’s round- which held 29 events with 483 participations during the-clock need for IT support, the Harri Botter chat the year. bot was introduced in the summer. From the roughly

76 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Facilities FACILITIES

High-quality and appropriate facilities support the pany’s duties include facility cleaning, repairs and implementation of the University’s strategic plan maintenance, property development, porter and se- and long-term operational development. Facilities, curity services, as well as furnishing and transport infrastructures and related services must effectively services. support University operations. The central objectives of the facilities programme approved by the Board of The leases concluded with the University Group are the University are concerned with the management, based on the net rent principle, which means that the use, maintenance and development of facilities, as rent includes triple net rent, real estate taxes, insur- well as the implementation of the investment plan. ances and the owner’s overhead costs. Facility costs It is essential to keep University-controlled buildings for operations, utilities and user services are covered in good shape and safe to use through a systematic by the University. renovation and decommissioning policy, as well as appropriate and sufficient maintenance. Sustainabil- ity, responsibility and energy efficiency are important starting points in facilities planning. FACILITIES AND FACILITY USE While projects based on the investment programme have continued, the goal has been to gradually reduce the scope of facilities in accordance with the Univer- In 2019 the share of facility use by unit was as fol- sity’s reform programme. Between 2015 and 2019, lows: the area used for the University’s core duties has Figure 34. Share of facility use by unit. 2 decreased by approximately 21,000 m in net floor Faculties area. The drafting of a facilities programme for the Other independent institutes next strategy period (2021–2030) continued, with Other activities* the aim of having it approved in the spring after the Central national units** approval of the new strategic plan. When drafting a vision for the University’s facilities and campuses in 12 % 2040 during the strategy period, a long-term target for the number and location of campuses and facilities will be determined. 16 %

The Facilities and Properties sector operates as part 53 % of University Services, coordinating duties related to property and facility management, as well as providing facility management services, including planning related to facility changes and removals. The opera- 19 % tions of Helsinki Property Services Ltd (HY247) were consolidated during the year, and the development * University Services, cafeterias and cafes as well as of services was continued together with the Facilities teacher training schools ** National Library of Finland and Finnish Museum of Natural and Properties sector of the University. The com- History

77 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Facilities

In 2019 the University of Helsinki leased altogether Table 19. Facility owners in 2019. 531,306 m² of net floor area from various property NFA owners, 451,696 m² of which were used for Univer- Owners (net % sity operations. Facilities not used for University op- floor erations included apartments, subleased facilities, area) car parks, as well as facilities under renovation and Helsinki University Properties Ltd 331,642 62.4 vacant facilities. Most of the University’s facilities University of Helsinki Funds 142,343 26.8 were located in Helsinki, the City Centre Campus being the largest campus, while less than 10 % of the Real estate and housing compa- 22,931 4.3 facilities were located elsewhere in Finland. Actual nies operational facilities were found in 19 localities, in State (Senate Properties) 5,605 1.1 addition to which there are small unmanned seis- Others 28,785 5.4 mographic stations and other similar facilities in 18 localities. Total 531,306 100.0

The University operates mainly in facilities owned Table 20. Facilities by campus in 2019. by the University Group, with more than 90 % of fa- Campus NFA % cilities rented from properties directly owned by the Group or incorporated properties. City Centre Campus 197,498 37.2 Meilahti Campus 82,673 15.6 The figures in the adjoining charts cover all facilities, including apartments and accommodation, car Viikki Campus 143,664 27.0 parks, sublet facilities, as well as facilities under ren- Kumpula Campus 55,382 10.4 ovation and unused facilities. Elsewhere in Helsinki 4,459 0.8 Elsewhere in Finland 47,629 9.0 Total 531,306 100.0

CHANGES IN FACILITY USE AND FA- NFA = net floor area. Net floor area is the indoor net floor area of a space, including lightweight partition walls. Net floor area is used CILITY DEVELOPMENT for comparing entities and is a common term in lease agreements.

Relinquishing facilities by 60,000 m2 in net floor Table 21. Facilities by facility category in 2019. area, a target approved by the Board of the Univer- Facility category NFA % sity in December 2018, requires new kinds of facility use, such as a range of office environments and Office facilities 113,320 21.3 shared workstations, as well as the increased sharing Teaching and research facilities 101,718 19.1 of teaching and laboratory facilities. In 2019 the total net floor area used by the University decreased by Special facilities 67,815 12.8 approximately 4,000 m2. A total decrease of 21,000 Social and staff facilities 27,772 5.2 m2 was achieved between 2016 and 2019. In prac- Storage facilities 64,625 12.2 tice, this has been implemented through a number of facility rearrangements and removals. Increas- Common facilities 23,813 4.5 ingly efficient work facilities that support a sense of Dining and kitchen facilities 12,289 2.3 community have been built on all campuses. This has been piloted by University Services, which has set as Housing and accommodation 13,303 2.5 its goal to have all staff working primarily at flexible Traffic and technical facilities 106,651 20.1 workstations and in multipurpose offices. For those working on digital projects, DigiHub provides team Total 531,306 100.0 facilities at Porthania. NFA = net floor area. Net floor area is the indoor net floor area of a space, including lightweight partition walls. Net floor area is used New types of office spaces have been introduced for for comparing entities and is a common term in lease agreements. researchers of several faculties, libraries or even entire campus communities, such as the Terkko Health Hub in Meilahti and Ubikampus in Kumpula. As digital datasets increase in number, libraries have reduced their physical collections, while the scope of teaching facilities has also decreased due to the phas-

78 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Facilities

Table 22. Reduction of all university facilities by campus 2015—2018

Change Campus 2015 2017 2018 2019 2015—2019 % City Centre Campus 204,352 199,950 197,999 197,498 -6,853 -3 % Meilahti Campus 106,513 90,611 82,128 82,673 -23,840 -22 % Viikki Campus 157,492 147,687 143,855 143,664 -13,828 -9 % Kumpula Campus 57,231 55,391 55,369 55,382 -1,848 -3 % Elsewhere in Helsinki 6,516 5,936 4,457 4,459 -2,057 -32 % Elsewhere in Finland 47,255 50,920 46,573 47,629 374 1 % Total 579,358 550,495 530,380 531,306 -48,978 -8 %

Table 23. Decrease of the number of available spaces at the campus level 2015—2019

Change Campus 2015 2017 2018 2019 2015—2019 % City Centre Campus 182,880 180,590 181,072 175,228 -7,651 -4 % Meilahti Campus 57,418 52,927 54,062 55,485 -1,934 -3 % Viikki Campus 135,483 124,601 122,403 121,820 -13,662 -10 % Kumpula Campus 54,189 52,481 52,611 52,500 -1,689 -3 % Elsewhere in Helsinki 160 160 160 160 0 0 % Elsewhere in Finland 42,341 46,540 45,469 46,502 4,162 10 % Total 472,471 457,299 455,776 451,696 -20,774 -4 % ing out of individual teaching facilities. Campus-spe- In 2019 the Facilities and Properties sector active- cific plans and schedules have been drawn up for fa- ly contributed to the University’s strategic planning cility reductions. On the University level, savings will and the drawing up of the facilities programme. only be realised after freed-up facilities have been leased or after the sale of properties by the University The faculties subjected to the greatest facility-related of Helsinki Group. To enable facility arrangements, changes have established facilities working groups, some facilities must be kept as temporary substitute which collaboratively plan any relevant changes. premises. At the end of 2019 the total area of unused Construction committees specific to large individual net floor area in all facilities available to the Univer- projects and cooperation with users have been em- sity was 20,200 m2 (3.8 %). ployed to ensure that the plans are inclusive.

As a whole, the University’s facility use became in- The supervision of services carried out by University creasingly efficient per FTE. In 2019 the ratio of fa- of Helsinki Property Services Ltd and the Facilities cilities used for University operations was 43.6 m2 and Properties sector has been boosted through joint in net use/FTE, while the corresponding figure for development and cooperation groups. office space was 10.52 m in net use/FTE. For 2018 the corresponding figures were 45.4 2m in net use/ The Facilities and Properties sector has participated FTE and 11.1 m2 in net use/FTE. Net use here de- in the University’s digital leap in education project, notes space used without taking into account shared with the objective of modernising teaching facilities spaces. to better support learning. On every campus, there are plans to redesign facilities into open, adaptable Above is an illustration of facility reductions by cam- and interactive learning environments. In coopera- pus and the trend since 2015. Figures on University tion with researchers from the Faculty of Education- use only include facilities used for the University’s al Sciences, a teaching facility has been planned for basic operations. Siltavuorenpenger to be used in investigating a new kind of learning environment. The project has considered, among other things, the effect of acoustics, lighting and furnishings on learning.

79 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Facilities

The digitalisation of lobby help was furthered, and TEACHING FACILITIES info screens were expanded to all campuses.

In the University’s facilities, internationalisation In 2019 there were 286 individual teaching facilities has been evidenced, for example, in the increased available through the centralised booking system. need for multilingual signposts and guidance. Open Their mean usage rate was 79 %. The utilisation rate interaction has been promoted by developing cam- of the facilities grew from the previous year, part- pus-specific meeting points. After the completion ly due to the fact that the teaching facilities in the of its facilities at Kumpula, the operations of Think Main Building on Unioninkatu were unavailable in Company expanded to all campuses. Events target- the autumn term of 2019. The City Centre Campus ed at members of the University community and the had the highest usage rate, 87 %, while the corre- public are held at the meeting points. When using fa- sponding rates were 75 % for Kumpula and 63 % for cilities open to all, the security perspective must also both Meilahti and Viikki. The highest building-spe- be taken into consideration, as well as a new kind of cific usage rates were achieved by Fabianinkatu 26 zoning of operations. (Language Centre), Fabianinkatu 28 and the rooms in Metsätalo and Porthania. For laboratory facilities, the focus areas have been the centralisation of the research infrastructure and A facility’s rate is considered to reach 100 % when it support for joint use, as regards instrument main- is in use 1,000 hours per year (approximately 7 h/d, tenance, cold storage and other laboratory services. 5 d/w and 28 w/y). During the year, the cryogenic storage facilities in Meilahti were completed.

The modernisation of building engineering systems, as well as centralised instrument maintenance, lab- FACILITY COSTS oratory and cold storage services enable the development of a strategically important research infrastructure for the University. Indeed, experts of the In 2019 the total facility costs for the University’s Faculties and Properties sector and HY247 have basic operations were approximately €111 million. closely participated in planning the acquisition of Two-thirds of the costs consisted of triple net rent research infrastructures and preparing the necessary and maintenance charges for property owners, in ad- facility changes. dition to which the costs include costs for operations, utilities and user services.

Facility costs are internally charged from the Univer- sity’s units by dividing actual costs equally between different buildings by locality. Facility-specific costs are calculated by facility type, while the internal leases are charged for net floor area, including the value of shared corridors, lobbies and other similar spac-

Table 24. Facility costs, € 1,000.

Facility costs 2017 % 2018 % Change 2019 % 2018—2019 Capital rents and maintenance charges 75,539 69 % 74,154 66 % 74,186 67 % 0.0 % Property services 12,420 11 % 14,400 13 % 15,287 14 % 6.2 % Total rental costs 87,959 80 % 88,554 79 % 89,473 80 % 1.0 % Facility Services 13,412 12 % 14,442 13 % 14,910 13 % 3.2 % Total facility costs 101,371 92 % 102,996 92 % 104,383 94 % 1.3 % Ancillary services 1 8,346 8 % 8,645 8 % 6,849 6 % -20.8 % Inclusive total cost of facilities 109,717 100 % 111,641 100 % 111,232 100 % -0.4 %

1 Includes depreciation for equipment acquisitions

80 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Facilities es. In the open market, a lease is generally charged dormitory of the Tvärminne Zoological Station was by net floor area. For example, the internal rent of replaced with solar energy and geothermal heating. an office space in Helsinki paid for by the University The material requirements planning for the biopow- units was approximately €20 per 1 m² of net floor er plant at the Viikki Research Farm and the solar area per month. These prices are not, however, di- power plant in Chemicum were initiated. rectly comparable with those of external facilities, since the University’s internal rent also includes the costs for operations and user services of the facilities in a broader manner. DEVELOPMENTS BY CAMPUS, LARGE The largest individual item in maintenance costs was heating at €5.6 million, while repair costs were €2.9 PROJECTS million. The largest operating cost items were cleaning services (€8 million) and electricity (€5.1 million), while the largest item for user services was the CITY CENTRE CAMPUS University of Helsinki Property Services Ltd invoic- ing (€4.8 million). The costs for user services also in- The planning of the renovation of the Main Building cluded a depreciation of acquisitions (€2.8 million). continued, and the work on the Fabianinkatu side was launched according to schedule in June. In the renovation, the teaching facilities will be redesigned, accessibility as well as facility and fire safety and security will all be improved, and structural risk factors ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND will be eliminated and building engineering systems almost entirely replacecd. Operations carried out in RENEWABLE ENERGY the Main Building were relocated to other University buildings, some of them temporarily, others perma- In April 2019 the properties owned by the University nently. Group joined the national Energy Efficiency Agree- ment for the Property Sector (2017–2025). The The planning of the renovation of Snellmaninkatu agreement obliges the Group companies to imple- 10 was initiated in cooperation with the Faculty of ment measures that will reduce energy consumption Social Sciences. The repairs of the property will be in their properties. The contracting parties also have completed by the end of 2020, with Faculty opera- the opportunity to receive government subsidies for tions relocating from Metsätalo. In addition, a pro- their energy conservation investments. In 2017– ject for the development of the work environment 2019 the measures boosting energy efficiency imple- in preparation for the renovation of Unioninkatu 37 mented in University properties corresponded with was initiated with the Faculty. In December 2019 the the consumption of an average University property, planning for the renovation itself was also initiated. 3,500 MWh. A total of approximately €240,000 in energy aid was granted by the government in support In the Topelia block, a significant sequence of facility of the measures. arrangements continued, resulting in the centralisation of Faculty of Arts operations in Topelia and To reduce energy consumption at properties, for ex- Metsätalo. Facility planning for Metsätalo was ini- ample, by means of building automation, measures tiated. At both properties, facility use will be made were surveyed through a number of building-spe- increasingly effective, among other measures, by in- cific energy inspections as well as energy efficien- creasing the number of workstations in existing offic- cy reviews completed at Kumpula Campus and the es and developing an appropriate and versatile work City Centre Campus. Furthermore, the installation environment in cooperation with the Faculty. The of LED lights in lighting fixtures continued, and the development of new kinds of learning environments cryogenic storage facility at Haartmaninkatu 3 was also continued in cooperation with the Faculty. To completed. promote and enable the increasingly versatile use of the Metsätalo cafeteria, a development planning pro- In 2019 a total of 3,145 MWh of renewable energy cess was initiated. The goal is to create a new kind was produced at University properties. The roughly of pleasant and attractive student and staff cafete- 4,000 solar panels installed on the roofs of Viikki ria that also allows for the use of the facilities in the Campus buildings generated a total of 905 MWh of evening. electricity, the equivalent of approximately 3.8 % of the annual consumption at the campus. In conjunc- In remodelling the D and E wings of Topelia, some tion with its renovation, the oil heating of the student workspaces were developed and converted into mul-

81 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Facilities tipurpose environments. The project also included Biomedicum’s P floor, launching operations in the improving routes to other University properties by beginning of 2020. At the end of the year, new facili- establishing a new route from the Topelia courtyard ties were completed on the third floor for University through the H wing to Fabianinkatu. The work was Services and HiLIFE. Currently, University Services completed in April. Facilities for the discipline of art at Meilahti have been primarily centralised on the history, relocating from the Main Building, were ren- third floor of Biomedicum 1, with small service desks ovated in the F wing of Topelia and made available located at Haarmaninkatu 3, the Dental Clinic and for use in August. Biomedicum 2U.

Facilities planning as well as development work focused on the teaching and self-access facilities as a VIIKKI CAMPUS whole have been carried out at Siltavuorenpenger, to be continued in 2020. The first phase of the facilities The phased renovation of Biocenter 1’s (Viikinkaari redesign, the implementation planning for the teach- 9) building engineering systems was completed in ing facilities for subject teacher training in wood and October 2018, with finishing touches added in 2019. metal crafts, was commenced. The remodelling of the lobby in the A building (Lato- kartanonkaari 9) commenced in November and was to be completed by the end of February 2020. KUMPULA CAMPUS The planning of the cryogenic storage centre at Bi- A new building for the Helsinki Upper Secondary ocenter 2 (Viikinkaari 3) was initiated in autumn School of Natural Sciences is being planned to be 2019, with the implementation phase taking place built on the Exactum and Physicum lot at Pietari in early 2020. The implementation of the cooling of Kalmin katu 5. In 2019 preparations were made, and the transforming station at the C building (Latokar- a preliminary agreement on renting the property was tanonkaari 5) commenced in late 2019 and was to be concluded with the City of Helsinki. The Education completed in early 2020. Committee of the City also approved the require- ment report for the school. The planning for the repairs and renovation of Info Centre Korona continued to the proposal planning The rezoning of the vacant lot alongside Kustaa stage on the basis of conceptual planning. The pro- Vaasan tie progressed, as related planning was ini- ject will most likely be carried out in two separate tiated through an invitation-only architectural com- stages in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. petition. The development of the planning proposal will continue on the basis of the winning entry. The vacating of the Viikki rock shelter and the Viikki Manor stables commenced in cooperation with the University Museum. Subsequently, the shelter will MEILAHTI CAMPUS be converted into a civil defence shelter.

The Haartmaninkatu 3 project, which is being carried out in stages, progressed to the A wing and UNITS OUTSIDE HELSINKI the outdoor areas. The cafeteria and main entrance courtyard were remodelled, the lobby on the second The renovation of the student dormitory in floor was converted into a shared living room, and Tvärminne was completed in the summer, while pro- electrical outlets were installed next to the lecture ject planning for the renovation of the main building room seats. continued.

The implementation planning for the Haartmaninka- The renovation of the production animal building tu 1 project, focused on operations relocating from in Mäntsälä was launched in the autumn and will be the Dental Clinic, continued throughout 2019. The completed in the summer of 2020. construction site was established early in the year, after which heavy demolition work continued until In Hyytiälä, preparations have been made for a new the end of the year. building dedicated to the forestry field station and atmospheric sciences, which would serve as a replace- At Biomedicum 1 and Haartmaninkatu 3, a remod- ment to the residential buildings built in the 1970s. elling project encompassing some 140 facilities was implemented due to the new research programmes launched in the Faculty of Medicine in 2018. Cen- tralised instrument maintenance was established on

82 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 University of Helsinki Group UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI GROUP

The objective of the University of Helsinki Group is Figure 35. Structure of the University of Helsinki to support the strategy, operations and stability of Group in 2019 the University of Helsinki, while creating conditions for operations not enabled by the University’s core and external funding.

The Group strengthens the University’s ability and freedom to conduct science, to experiment and to have an impact.

In addition to the University of Helsinki’s securities portfolio, University assets are managed by the Uni- versity of Helsinki Funds Group and Helsinki Uni- versity Properties Ltd, including its subsidiaries. The University’s assets consist mostly of properties, securities and limited companies.

The Group has a total staff of approximately 9,800 employees and an overall income of €1.0 billion, while its balance sheet amounts to €1.7 billion. In 2019 the Group’s returns were €20.2 million, with an equity ratio of 74,7 %.

The University of Helsinki Group is comprised of (see the figure)

• University of Helsinki (parent entity) • Helsinki University Properties Ltd and its subsidiaries • University of Helsinki Funds Group • University of Helsinki Research Foundation • Kumpula Sports Hall Foundation

Further information: University of Helsinki Group1

1 https://www.helsinki.fi/en/university/university-finance/university-of-helsinki-group

83 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 List of figures and tables LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

List of figures

Figure 1. University of Helsinki strategic roadmap for 2017—2020...... 12 Figure 2. Publication figures. Situation on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same reporting period...... 22 Figure 3. Open-access publishing of peer-reviewed scientific publications. Situation on 28 February 2020. Figures for the previous year from the same reporting period...... 24 Figure 4. Language distribution of publications in 2019. Situation on 28 February 2020...... 25 Figure 5. Faculty performance in relation to the world average and coverage of the material. World average = 1. Figure also includes faculty/unit-specific coverage. CNCI data included herein are derived from InCites ®, © Copyright Clarivate Analytics ® 2020. All rights reserved...... 27 Figure 6. Students in 2012–2019...... 31 Figure 7. Gender distribution of students in 2019...... 32 Figure 8. Degrees in 2012–2019...... 33 Figure 9. Master’s degrees and related targets by fields of education in the funding model...... 33 Figure 10. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees completed within the target duration...... 34 Figure 11. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees with the coefficients applied from the funding model for the term 2021–2024...... 35 Figure 12. Share of attending students who have completed at least 55 cr...... 35 Figure 13. Credits completed during student exchange...... 36 Figure 14. Media hits in 2014–2019...... 45 Figure 15. The number of visits to the University website (source: similarweb.com in comparisons) show that the traffic on the site has overtaken that of the University of Copenhagen and Utrecht Universi- ty...... 45 Figure 16. University of Helsinki in university rankings and annual ranking averages in 2015–2019...... 47 Figure 17. University of Helsinki in the THE Employability ranking, which measures the employability of graduates...... 48 Figure 19. Full-time equivalents at the University of Helsinki by staff group in 2010–2019...... 60 Figure 18. Change in FTEs for the teaching and research staff and training school teachers in 2018–2019..6 0 Figure 20. Change in FTEs for specialist and support staff in 2018–2019...... 61 Figure 21. FTEs for international staff by staff group in 2010–2019...... 61 Figure 23. Change in FTEs for international specialist and support staff in 2018–2019...... 61 Figure 22. Change in FTEs for the international teaching and research staff and training school teachers in 2018–2019...... 61 Figure 24. Ratio of men and women of all staff and of teaching and research staff...... 61 Figure 25. Result in 2010—2019...... 66 Figure 26. Income in 2010—2019...... 67 Figure 27. External funding...... 68 Figure 28. External research funding...... 68

84 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 List of figures and tables Figure 30. Expenses in 2010–2019...... 69 Figure 29. Expense distribution in 2019...... 69 Figure 31. Faculty income sources by campus...... 70 Figure 33. Government funding for universities in 2013—2020...... 70 Figure 32. Independent institute income sources...... 70 Figure 34. Share of facility use by unit...... 77 Figure 35. Structure of the University of Helsinki Group in 2019...... 83

85 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 List of figures and tables List of tables

Table 1. Core funding model for universities as of 2021...... 8 Table 2. Follow-up indicators of the Strategic Plan of the University of Helsinki 2017—2020...... 16 Table 3. Publication numbers according to the Ministry of Education and Culture classification of publication types. Situation on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same reporting period...... 23 Table 4. Publication activity by campus. Situation on 28 February 2020. The figures cannot be added up because co-authored publications may appear in the figures for several campuses...... 23 Table 5. Co-authored publications. Situation on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same reporting period...... 24 Table 6. Highly cited researchers (top 1%), figures for Nordic universities in 2018 and 2019...... 26 Table 7. Applicants, admitted students and applicants who have accepted a place...... 29 Table 8. Applicants, admitted students and applicants who have accepted a place in a doctoral programme...... 30 Table 9. Degrees and students by doctoral school...... 32 Table 10. Degrees, degree targets and ratio of outcomes to targets by faculty in 2019...... 34 Table 11. Completed credits in 2016–2019...... 35 Table 13. Incoming and outgoing exchange students by faculty. Mobility periods of more than three months completed by bachelor’s and master’s students...... 36 Table 12. Top countries of student mobility...... 36 Table 14. The University of Helsinki in key university rankings based on the geographical area in 2019, the 2018 results are in brackets...... 47 Table 15. University of Helsinki in the reputation surveys of various rankings. The surveys were primarily conducted in the spring of the year of publication of the relevant ranking...... 48 Table 16. Comparison of overall rankings and similar reputation rankings in 2019 and 2018...... 49 Table 17. Number and share of scientific fields from the University of Helsinki in the top 100 of field-specific rankings in 2018–2019...... 49 Table 18. The University of Helsinki’s share of the university funding model by performance criteria in 2017–2020...... 71 Table 19. Facility owners in 2019...... 78 Table 20. Facilities by campus in 2019...... 78 Table 21. Facilities by facility category in 2019...... 78 Table 22. Reduction of all university facilities by campus 2015—2018...... 79 Table 23. Decrease of the number of available spaces at the campus level 2015—2019...... 79 Table 24. Facility costs, € 1,000...... 80

86 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs BACKGROUND FIGURES FOR GRAPHS

Figure 2. Publication figures. Situation on 28 February 2020, figures for previous years from the same reporting period).

Type of publications 2016 2017 2018 2019 All publications (A—E) 10,817 11,446 10,926 10,708 Number of scientific peer-reviewed publications (A, C) 7,249 7,239 7,505 7,852 Number of publications with a focus on public engagement (B, D, E) 3,568 4,207 3,421 2,856

Back to the figure

Figure 3. Open-access publishing of peer-reviewed scientific publications. Situation on 28 February 2020. Figures for the previous year from the same reporting period. Open access / Self-archieved publications 2018 2019 Open access publication 3,337 4,364 Self-archived publication 2,870 3,993

Back to the figure

Figure 4. Language distribution of publications in 2019. Situation on 28 February 2020. Publication language Share 2019 Finnish 23.4 % Swedish 1.7 % English 72.5 % Other 2.5 %

Back to the figure

87 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 5. The citation impact of faculties in relation to the world average. World average = 1. Figure also includes faculty/unit-specific coverage. CNCI data included herein are derived from InCites ®, © Copy- right Clarivate Analytics ® 2020. All rights reserved.

Publications Faculty 2016—2019 CNCI 2016—2019 Coverage 2016—2019 Faculty of Theology 129 2.11 14.9 % Faculty of Law 116 1.04 14.6 % Faculty of Medicine 8,342 2.14 86.2 % Faculty of Arts 640 1.43 17.9 % Faculty of Science 5,218 1.82 84.8 % Faculty of Pharmacy 691 1.39 86.4 % Faculty of Biological and Enviromental Sciences 1,926 1.69 88.4 % Faculty of Educational Sciences 757 1.5 37.8 % Faculty of Social Sciences 1,045 1.39 43.6 % Swedish School of Social Science 80 1.26 36.0 % Faculty of Agriculture and Foresty 1,671 1.45 81.0 % Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 666 1.34 83.7 % HiLife 1,815 2.4 91.3 %

Back to the figure

88 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 6. Students in 2012—2019.

Education level 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Bachelor’s students 19,643 19,141 18,691 18,052 17,540 16,861 16,647 16,467 Marster’s students 9,740 9,468 9,494 9,588 9,662 9,783 9,976 10,302 Doctoral students 4,820 4,671 4,682 4,431 4,470 4,323 4,316 4,496 Back to the figure

Figure 7. Gender distribution of students in 2019. Education level men women ratio men ratio women Students, total 11,359 20,213 36.0 % 64.0 % Batchelor’s students 6,062 10,405 36.8 % 63.2 % Marster’s students 3,465 6,835 33.6 % 66.4 % Doctoral students 1,765 2,731 39.3 % 60.7 %

Back to the figure

Figure 8. Degrees in 2012—2019. Education level 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Bachelor’s degrees 2,638 2,607 2,719 2,825 2,757 2,911 2,520 2,899 Masters’s degrees 2,514 2,694 2,648 2,691 2,687 2,603 2,506 2,698 Doctoral degrees 432 453 480 529 508 475 444 503 Back to the figure

Figure 9. Master’s degrees and related targets by fields of education in the funding model.

Field of education 2016 2017 2018 2019 Target (as a figure) 1. Education 257 291 283 308 330 2. Arts and culture; humanities 715 652 540 601 670 3. Social sciences and services 453 454 440 499 405 4. Business, administration and law 287 278 272 303 270 5. Natural sciences 373 402 419 383 498 6. Information and communication technologies as well as engineering and technology 80 55 61 78 100 7. Agriculture and forestry 298 276 283 315 302 8. Dentistry 35 38 51 53 45 9. Medicine 142 104 122 116 145 10. Health and welfare 46 53 35 42 55

Back to the figure

89 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 10. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees completed within the target duration. Bache Bache Bache Bache Mas Mas Mas Mas lor’s lor’s lor’s lor’s ter’s ter’s ter’s ter’s Duration of completing the deg deg deg deg deg deg deg deg degree rees rees rees rees rees rees rees rees 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 Within the target duration, coefficient 1.5 553 712 664 763 601 559 563 655 Less than one year from the target duration, coefficient 1.3 847 937 845 1,057 606 655 635 689 More than one year from the target duration, coefficient 1 1,357 1,262 1,011 1,079 1,479 1,389 1,308 1,354 Within the target duration (%) 20.1 % 24.5 % 26.3 % 26.3 % 22.4 % 21.5 % 22.5 % 24.3 % Within the target duration + less than one year (%) 50.8 % 56.6 % 59.9 % 62.8 % 44.9 % 46.6 % 47.8 % 49.8 % Back to the figure

Figure 11. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees with the coefficients applied from the funding model for the term 2021—2024. Bache Bache Bache lor’s lor’s lor’s Master’s Master’s Master’s degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of degrees 2,911 2,520 2,899 2,603 2,506 2,698 Number of degrees weighted with coefficients of the funding model 4,478 3,910 4,528 4,193 4,185 4,456 Back to the figure

Figure 12. Share of attending students who have completed at least 55 cr. Number of students with 55 Share of attending students with Faculty credits per academic year 55 credits per academic year Theology 439 32.9 % Law 1,039 50.1 % Medicine 1,232 72.6 % Arts 1,640 33.7 % Science 1,464 29.5 % Pharmacy 390 51.7 % Biological and Environmental Sciences 573 42.6 % Educational Sciences 1,365 50.1 % Social Sciences 1,058 35.9 % Swedish School of Social Science 172 37.8 % Agriculture and Forestry 864 37.3 % Veterinary Medicine 332 78.3 %

Back to the figure

Figure 13. Credits completed during student exchange.

Direction 2017 2018 2019 Outgoing 20,727 20,179 19,054 Incomingt 34,773 33,449 31,726 Back to the figure

90 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 14. Media hits in 2014—2019.

Language 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Finnish 11,400 9,900 11,884 13,500 10,994 10,684 Swedish 1,600 1,400 975 2,300 1,956 1,851 Other languages 5,500 3,400 13,911 12,500 18,485 12,774

Back to the figure

University October 2019 November 2019 December 2019 Amsterdam 4,500,000 4,170,000 3,630,000 Utrecht 2,970,000 2,720,000 2,220,000 Copenhagen 3,050,000 3,090,000 2,820,000 Helsinki 3,840,000 3,710,000 3,190,000 Aalto University 2,740,000 2,500,000 2,080,000

Back to the figure

Figure 16. University of Helsinki in university rankings and annual ranking averages in 2015—2019.

THE Ranking publi- ARWU QS Times NTU Taiwan US News Annual average: cation year Shanghai Higher E. 2015 67 96 76 69 101 81.8 2016 56 91 91 71 91 80.0 2017 56 102 90 81 81 82.0 2018 57 110 99 79 92 87.4 2019 63 107 96 90 87 88.6

Back to the figure

Figure 17. University of Helsinki in the THE Employability ranking, which measures the employability of graduates. Change Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2018—2019 Placement 103 99 91 72 70 83 48 37 11 Back to the figure

91 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 18. Full-time equivalents at the University of Helsinki by staff group in 2010—2019. Staff group 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Teaching and research staff 4,212 4,130 3,934 3,946 3,924 4,004 3,907 3,953 4,013 4,175 Specialist and support services staff 4,002 3,986 3,994 3,815 3,767 3,695 3,222 3,118 2,997 3,080 Teachers of the teacher training schools 145 143 140 139 137 134 134 137 Grand total 8,214 8,116 8,073 7,904 7,831 7,838 7,266 7,205 7,144 7,392

Back to the figure

Figure 19. Change in FTEs for the teaching and research staff and training school teachers in 2018—2019.

Staff subgroup Change (FTE) Level 4 12.7 Level 3 58.7 Level 2 33.3 Level 1 57.6 Other teachers (hourly paid) -1.0 Teachers of the teacher training schools 2.8

Back to the figure

Figure 20. Change in FTEs for specialist and support staff in 2018—2019.

Staff subgroup Change (FTE) Teaching and learning support 59.4 IT 13.3 Library 9.0 Administrative 5.1 Technical -1.8 Other -1.8

Back to the figure

92 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 21. FTEs for international staff by staff group in 2010—2019.

Staff group 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Teaching and research staff, training school teachers 554 647 764 827 846 884 889 952 1,014 1,079 Specialist and support services staff 116 150 182 177 179 175 161 165 156 171

Grand total 670 797 946 1,003 1,025 1,059 1,049 1,116 1,170 1,250

Back to the figure

Figure 22. Change in FTEs for the international teaching and research staff and training school teachers in 2018—2019. Staff subgroup Change (FTE) Level 4 4.6 Level 3 12.1 Level 2 42.3 Level 1 7.3 Other teachers (hourly paid) -1.5 Teachers of the teacher training schools -0.3 Back to the figure

Figure 23. Change in FTEs for international specialist and support staff in 2018—2019.

Staff subgroup Change (FTE) Teaching and learning support 12.0 IT 4.7 Other 1.5 Library -0.2 Technical -0.3 Administrative -2.7 Back to the figure

Figure 24. Ratio of men and women of all staff and of teaching and research staff.

Ratio 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Ratio of men 42.0 % 43.3 % 43.2 % 43.3 % 42.9 % Ratio of women 58.0 % 56.7 % 56.8 % 56.7 % 57.1 % Ratio of men among teaching and research staff 49.1 % 50.0 % 49.8 % 49.7 % 49.3 % Ratio of women among teaching and research staff 50.9 % 50.0 % 50.2 % 50.3 % 50.7 %

Back to the figure

93 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 25. Result in 2010—2019, million euros. Result 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 University operations 2 -4 4 15 19 21 -3 -4 -17 -35 Investment activities 6 6 10 15 16 25 8 28 -19 49

Total 7.7 1.9 13.8 29.4 34.9 46.3 4.3 24.3 -35.9 14.6 Back to the figure

Figure 26. Income 2010—2019, million euros. Income 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Ministry of Education and Culture 400 410 431 423 431 446 404 395 392 386 External funding and funding from the Ministry of Finance 230 231 253 259 267 267 265 267 275 284 Revenue generated by the University 4 7 11 17 19 38 22 43 10 18 Back to the figure

Figure 27. External funding, million euros.

Source of funding 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Academy of Finland 73 82 89 96 106 104 103 107 104 109 Government ministries 34 38 40 36 34 35 28 28 33 33 Businesses 26 19 22 24 25 28 30 26 25 24 Foundations 18 16 16 19 19 21 23 25 25 28 Business Finland 15 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 16 14 Municipalities 14 11 10 11 10 9 10 9 8 9 Other 19 22 24 24 24 23 20 20 21 23 EU 21 22 27 27 26 23 23 23 28 31 Other international funding 8 8 11 10 10 11 14 14 15 12 Back to the figure

Figure 28. External research funding, million euros.

Source of funding 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Academy of Finland 73 82 89 96 106 104 103 107 104 109 Government ministries 14 14 15 12 10 10 9 7 10 8 Businesses 6 4 6 5 4 6 5 5 5 4 Foundations 16 14 14 16 18 19 21 23 23 26 Business Finland 15 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 16 14 Municipalities 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 EU 13 15 18 20 20 21 20 20 25 28 Other international funding 6 6 9 8 8 9 12 12 14 10

Back to the figure

94 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 29. Expense distribution in 2019. Expenditure type Ratio Staff 60 % Rentals 13 % Materials and suppliest 7 % Purchased services 12 % Travel expenses 3 % Depreciations 2 % Other 3 % Fundraising transfers 0 %

Back to the figure

Figure 30. Expenses in 2010-2019, million euros. Expenditure type 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Staff 403 406 428 431 437 441 411 402 403 427 Rentals 76 77 82 87 87 88 95 91 89 89 Other expenses 136 152 160 142 145 153 158 161 183 174 Depreciations 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 14 15

Back to the figure

Figure 31. Faculty income sources by campus, million euros.

Campus Core funding External funding Investment activities City Centre 89 47 0 Kumpula 36 47 0 Meilahti 33 49 0 Viikki 55 54 0

Back to the figure

Figure 32. Independent institute income, million euros.

Independent institutes Core funding External fundings Investment activities Service institutions 62 14 0 Research institutes 32 42 0

Back to the figure

Figure 33. Government funding for universities in 2013—2020, million euros.

University 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 University of Helsinki 383 394 401 387 387 378 376 398 Total for other universities 1,220 1,231 1,253 1,204 1,189 1,183 1,183 1,282

Total for universities 1,603 1,624 1,654 1,590 1,575 1,561 1,559 1,680

Back to the figure

95 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI - ANNUAL REVIEW 2019 Background figures for graphs

Figure 34. Share of facility use by unit.

Facility user Share Faculties 53 % Other independent institutes 19 % Other activities, University Services, cafeterias and cafes as well as teacher training schools 16 % Central national units, National Library of Finland and Finnish Museum of Natural History 12 % Back to the figure