DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Grow Vegetables and Garden Herbs;

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Grow Vegetables and Garden Herbs; Come ft Cornell University Library SB 321.F87 How to grow vegetables and garden herbs; 3 1924 002 869 281 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002869281 HOW TO GROW VEGETABLES ?^>^^ HOW TO GROW VEGETABLES AND tJARDEN HERBS A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK AND PLANTING TABLE FOR THE VEGETABLE GARDENER BY ALLEN FRENCH Jfpto fork THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON; MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1911 All riphls reserved LL. Copyright, 1907 By the Macmillan Company Set up and electrotyped. Published April, 1907 Reprinted May, 1011 jnaaunt l^luiuit Vttt* J. Horace McFarland Company HaiTlsbur{r, Pa. ^0 M. C 1^. B iflotijer=<I5ariiencr PUBLISHER'S NOTE This is a new edition of the book previ- ously published under the title "The Book of Vegetables." TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE ' , ix PLANTING TABLE .... 1 TABLE OF SEED-LONGEVITY AND OUNCE VALUES . ... 300 INDEX 305 (vii) PREFACE THIS book is designed to be of assistance to all who have to do with vegetable seeds, whether as buyers or as sellers. When a beginner in vegetable-gardening, I was painfully aware of my need of a convenient and reliable planting-table, giving particular directions for the cul- ture of all vegetables. I should have been saved mis- takes both Itidicrous and vexatious by such a book, the general value of which I can best illustrate by a quota- tion from the English "Book of Asparagus," by Charles Ilott (the John Lane Company, publishers). The author tells the following: "Only a few weeks ago I was in. a garden where there was a large bed of salsify. The owner was not satisfied with the plants, and told me he had changed his seedsman, because the salsify was poor and strag- -gling. I examined the bed, and counted eight plants to the foot run. I turned to the other side of the bed, where broccoli was planted, and found them a foot apart from row to row and less in the rows. They were about three feet high, so I said, "Your broccoli is also a failure." "Yes," he said, "no more seed from Messrs. So-and-so." I said, "Are you not blaming your seeds- man for your own ignorance?" He said, "Well, my (ix) X PREFACE gardener is of the same opinion as myself." I asked to see the gardener. He replied that he had not one now, but wanted one. I replied, "Yes, you certainly do want one." ... I then told him what I thought, and wondered how often our nurserymen and seedsmen are blamed for our incompetency." This instance of the loss of a summer's work from mere ignorance of proper planting distances, is but an illustration of one of the several ways in which a crop of vegetables may be, if not ruined, at least greatly lessened. In the culture of almost every vegetable there is some point to be observed which is essential to real success. The deep planting of one seed is as necessary as the shallow planting of another; the tenderness and hardiness of plants must be understood and considered. Besides these there are many points of knowledge brought out by recent investigations — as for. instance in the fertilization or protection of the crop—which aid in increasing the normal yield. In spite of the evident need, these items have never before been brought to- gether in convenient form, thoroughly covering not merely classes of vegetables, but all the separate kinds. This book is intended, therefore, for seedsmen and their customers, that both may get full benefit from the seeds, the latter in good crops, the former in continued custom. That seedsmen have long recognized the need of such a book is evident from their catalogues, in which PREFACE xi they regularly publish brief directions for the culture of vegetables. These directions are, however, both short and incomplete, for in the space at their disposal the seedsmen cannot summarize all that it is of benefit to know of the culture of all vegetables. At the same time the handbooks on vegetable cul- ture, excellent as they are, treat vegetables as a rule in classes rather than individually, and do not mention many of the valuable sorts which are rare or of recent introduction. Dates and methods, as here outlined, are proper for the climate of the northern United States. Generally speaking, in stating planting-times the latitude con- sidered is that of the city of New York, but for other places the difference in season can be roughly worked out by allowing six days' difference for each hundred miles of latitude. This will not cover, of course, wide differences of altitude, so that these will often have to be considered. Moreover, our springs are uncertain and variable, so that the planting-times here given are but an average, and for each year the time of first planting will really be shown by the ground itself. "When the ground is fit," and "When the ground can be worked," are convenient gardeners' phrases, meaning when the frost is out and the ground sufficiently dry to be workable. This last will vary with local differences in soils, whether sandy (which is earliest), loamy (which is of medium season) or clayey (which is late). xii PREFACE Witli such local soil-conditions this book has noth- ini; to do; if a man's soil is late it is both his misfortune and (if lie has cultivated it for any length of time) his fault. He can improve it by the means suggested in the handbooks on gardening, or in the various govern- ment and state pam})hlcts, to which he is also referred for the general subject of soil-management. But if, as is most likely, his garden or his fields have soils differ- n--;^,M»-.l. Fi 1 The old style \e{retible bed -^nd the b-^ k brolking pDtcss of \\L(.dnig. Nowadays \L^LtablLs are grown in lows. iiig in character, he can learn from tJiis book in which particular spot a gi\en plant will best thrive. Fortu- nately, while undoubtedly plants have preferences, it is possible to grow most of them successfully on average soil. With each plant I have given a summary of its uses, its culture, and in case it is little known, its virtues. "Annual" means that a plant will, under natural con- ditions, go to seed and die in one season; "biennial" PREFACE xiii means that the plant requires two years for developing its seed; "perennial" means that, however often the plant may produce seed, its root lives on for a number of years. For each plant are given sowing-directions. I as- sume that nowadays no one grows vegetables in beds. Space is better utilized and labor is saved by growing the plants in drills or rows, except in the field-culture of various crops, sowed broadcast, with which this book has nothing to do. Broadcast sowing in the seed-bed is, of course, a recognized garden practice i-esorted to in special cases. The proper distance of rows from each other is prac- tically determined by the height and spread (whether above or below ground'^ of the plants: they should not crowd or shade each other. The distances here given are the smallest which can safely be used for hand culture. Convenience will in many cases lead the gardener to plant at greater distances if he has the space, while if he depends on horse-culture he must plant still farther apart, usually thirty inches at the least. That is his affair. This book is intended to help not only the man with plenty of room, but also the man who, by means of intensive cultivation, must get all he can from a small patch. Indicating the distances that seed should be sown in the rows is intended to help in economizing seed as well as in the saving of labor. It is wasteful to sow an xiv PREFACE ounce of seed if a packet will do the work ; and it is ex- a.sperating to spend time in thinning what never should have been sown. A "good stand" of anything makes troublesome thinning; while in the case of asparagus, unless early and savagely thinned, extermination of the superfluous plants is impossible without digging out their crowns. I suppose I need hardly say that seed should be fresh, and bought of a reliable dealer. If a gardener wishes to sow old seed, he should first test its viability. The simplest method is to lay a given number of seed between moist cloths, in a tin box or between two dinner-plates laid edge to edge; the percentage of ger- mination is thus easily found. As for the dealer, there is no excuse for not buying of one of the many reputable city houses, all of which prepay mail charges on seed ordered by the ounce or packet. Grocery-store seed is too often old and poor. It would be of value if I could gi\e here the number of feet of drill that an ounce of a given seed will sow, or the number of plants that an ounce will produce, but this subject has never, so far as I have found, been reliably and extensively tested. Seedsmen's statements on this point are (as I learn from the experiments of Professor Bailey, and from my own experience) merely guesses on the safe side.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proposal for Plot Based Plant Phenology Sampling in Puale Bay, Alaska (Adapted from Long Term Ecological Monitoring Program, Vegetation Sampling Protocols 2006)
    Plant Phenology Puale Bay 2010 Proposal for Plot Based Plant Phenology Sampling in Puale Bay, Alaska (Adapted from Long Term Ecological Monitoring Program, Vegetation Sampling Protocols 2006) Stacey E. Pecen U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Peninsula/Becharof NWR, P.O. Box 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Phenology, the timing of major biological events during a plant or animal’s life, can be monitored to detect changes in climate. Major events are called phenophases: leaf emergence, flowering, fruit ripening, and senescing. According to Menzel and Estrella (2001), plant phenology studies have shown that the average growing season is increasing by 0.2 days/year. It is especially important to monitor changes in higher latitudes, such as Alaska, where global warming is expected to occur earlier and at a greater magnitude (Henry and Molau 1997). The Northern Hemisphere (above 40o N) has experienced an increase in temperature of at least 0.5oC/decade from 1966-1995 (Serreze et al. 2000, Euskirchen et al. 2009). Monitoring species abundance and diversity is also vital. Environmental conditions dictate the composition of plant communities. Changes can occur over time, disrupting the balance of these interactions. In a nine year study at Toolik Lake, AK, Chapin et al. (1995) found that species richness declined 30-50% when the mean temperature was increased by 3.5˚C. Forbs and grasses decreased in abundance while woody species, such as Betula spp., increased. Changes in species abundance in regions of the arctic, as a result of warming, were also noted by Euskirchen et al. (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Ornithocoprophilous Plants of Mount Desert Rock, a Remote Bird-Nesting Island in the Gulf of Maine, U.S.A
    RHODORA, Vol. 111, No. 948, pp. 417–447, 2009 E Copyright 2009 by the New England Botanical Club ORNITHOCOPROPHILOUS PLANTS OF MOUNT DESERT ROCK, A REMOTE BIRD-NESTING ISLAND IN THE GULF OF MAINE, U.S.A. NISHANTA RAJAKARUNA Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose´ State University, One Washington Square, San Jose´, CA 95192-0100 e-mail: [email protected] NATHANIEL POPE AND JOSE PEREZ-OROZCO College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 TANNER B. HARRIS University of Massachusetts, Fernald Hall, 270 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003 ABSTRACT. Plants growing on seabird-nesting islands are uniquely adapted to deal with guano-derived soils high in N and P. Such ornithocoprophilous plants found in isolated, oceanic settings provide useful models for ecological and evolutionary investigations. The current study explored the plants foundon Mount Desert Rock (MDR), a small seabird-nesting, oceanic island 44 km south of Mount Desert Island (MDI), Hancock County, Maine, U.S.A. Twenty-seven species of vascular plants from ten families were recorded. Analyses of guano- derived soils from the rhizosphere of the three most abundant species from bird- 2 nesting sites of MDR showed significantly higher (P , 0.05) NO3 , available P, extractable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and significantly lower Mn compared to soils from the rhizosphere of conspecifics on non-bird nesting coastal bluffs from nearby MDI. Bio-available Pb was several-fold higher in guano soils than for background levels for Maine. Leaf tissue elemental analyses from conspecifics on and off guano soils showed significant differences with respect to N, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb, although trends were not always consistent.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Lineages Within Apiaceae Subfamily Apioideae: a Comparison of Chloroplast Restriction Site and Dna Sequence Data1
    American Journal of Botany 86(7): 1014±1026. 1999. MAJOR LINEAGES WITHIN APIACEAE SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE: A COMPARISON OF CHLOROPLAST RESTRICTION SITE AND DNA SEQUENCE DATA1 GREGORY M. PLUNKETT2 AND STEPHEN R. DOWNIE Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Traditional sources of taxonomic characters in the large and taxonomically complex subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae) have been confounding and no classi®cation system of the subfamily has been widely accepted. A restriction site analysis of the chloroplast genome from 78 representatives of Apioideae and related groups provided a data matrix of 990 variable characters (750 of which were potentially parsimony-informative). A comparison of these data to that of three recent DNA sequencing studies of Apioideae (based on ITS, rpoCl intron, and matK sequences) shows that the restriction site analysis provides 2.6± 3.6 times more variable characters for a comparable group of taxa. Moreover, levels of divergence appear to be well suited to studies at the subfamilial and tribal levels of Apiaceae. Cladistic and phenetic analyses of the restriction site data yielded trees that are visually congruent to those derived from the other recent molecular studies. On the basis of these comparisons, six lineages and one paraphyletic grade are provisionally recognized as informal groups. These groups can serve as the starting point for future, more intensive studies of the subfamily. Key words: Apiaceae; Apioideae; chloroplast genome; restriction site analysis; Umbelliferae. Apioideae are the largest and best-known subfamily of tem, and biochemical characters exhibit similarly con- Apiaceae (5 Umbelliferae) and include many familiar ed- founding parallelisms (e.g., Bell, 1971; Harborne, 1971; ible plants (e.g., carrot, parsnips, parsley, celery, fennel, Nielsen, 1971).
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX for 2011 HERBALPEDIA Abelmoschus Moschatus—Ambrette Seed Abies Alba—Fir, Silver Abies Balsamea—Fir, Balsam Abies
    INDEX FOR 2011 HERBALPEDIA Acer palmatum—Maple, Japanese Acer pensylvanicum- Moosewood Acer rubrum—Maple, Red Abelmoschus moschatus—Ambrette seed Acer saccharinum—Maple, Silver Abies alba—Fir, Silver Acer spicatum—Maple, Mountain Abies balsamea—Fir, Balsam Acer tataricum—Maple, Tatarian Abies cephalonica—Fir, Greek Achillea ageratum—Yarrow, Sweet Abies fraseri—Fir, Fraser Achillea coarctata—Yarrow, Yellow Abies magnifica—Fir, California Red Achillea millefolium--Yarrow Abies mariana – Spruce, Black Achillea erba-rotta moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies religiosa—Fir, Sacred Achillea moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies sachalinensis—Fir, Japanese Achillea ptarmica - Sneezewort Abies spectabilis—Fir, Himalayan Achyranthes aspera—Devil’s Horsewhip Abronia fragrans – Sand Verbena Achyranthes bidentata-- Huai Niu Xi Abronia latifolia –Sand Verbena, Yellow Achyrocline satureoides--Macela Abrus precatorius--Jequirity Acinos alpinus – Calamint, Mountain Abutilon indicum----Mallow, Indian Acinos arvensis – Basil Thyme Abutilon trisulcatum- Mallow, Anglestem Aconitum carmichaeli—Monkshood, Azure Indian Aconitum delphinifolium—Monkshood, Acacia aneura--Mulga Larkspur Leaf Acacia arabica—Acacia Bark Aconitum falconeri—Aconite, Indian Acacia armata –Kangaroo Thorn Aconitum heterophyllum—Indian Atees Acacia catechu—Black Catechu Aconitum napellus—Aconite Acacia caven –Roman Cassie Aconitum uncinatum - Monkshood Acacia cornigera--Cockspur Aconitum vulparia - Wolfsbane Acacia dealbata--Mimosa Acorus americanus--Calamus Acacia decurrens—Acacia Bark Acorus calamus--Calamus
    [Show full text]
  • NVPD-Recording-Card Coastal
    Recording card Irish Wild Flowers: Coastal habitat Date: Grid Ref: Name: Location and County: www.biodiversityireland.ie Notes: Scientific name Common Name Scientific name Common Name Scientific name Common Name Dunes Parentucellia viscosa Bartsia, yellow Limonium humile Lavender, sea Achillea millefolium Yarrow Phragmites australis Reed, common Myriophyllum spicatum Water milfoil, spiked Ammophila arenaria Marram grass Potentilla anserina Silverweed Potamogeton pectinatus Pondweed, fennel Anacamptis pyramidalis Orchid, pyramidal Salix repens Willow, creeping Puccinellia maritima Salt-marsh grass, common Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney vetch Shingle and gravel banks Ranunculus baudotii Water crow-foot Aparagus officinales ssp. prostratus Asparagus Atriplex lanciniata Orache, frosted Salicornia agg. Glassworts Asparagus officinalis subsp. officinalis Garden asparagus* Chamaemelum nobile Chamomile, common Seriphidium maritima Wormwood, sea Cakile maritima Rocket, sea Crambe maritima Kale, sea Spartina anglica Cord grass, English Calystegia soldanella Bindweed, sea Crithmum maritimum Samphire, rock Triglochin maritima Arrowgrass, sea Carex arenaria Sand sedge Glaucium flavum Poppy, yellow-horned Triglochin palustris Arrowgrass, Marsh Centaurium pulchellum Centuary, lesser Honkenya peploides Sandwort, sea Coastal general Dactylorhiza majalis Orchid, western marsh Lathyrus japonicus ssp. maritimus Pea, sea Allium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii Babingtons leek Daucus carota ssp. Gummifer Carrot, sea Mertensia maritima Oysterplant Aster tripolium
    [Show full text]
  • Horatio's Garden Plant List
    Horatio’s Garden Plant List Latin name Common name Trees Amelanchier lamarckii - multistem Snowy mespilus, Serviceberry Betula nigra - multistem River birch Buxus sempervirens - balls Box Koelreuteria paniculata (in planter) Golden rain tree, Varnish tree Hedging Cratageous monogyna Quickthorn Euonymous europaeus Spindle Rosa canina Dog rose Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Fagus sylvatica Beech Quercus rober English oak Shrubs Buddleja davidii 'Purple Emperor' Butterfly bush Osmanthus x burwoodii Osmanthus Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Perovskia atriplicifolia 'Blue Spire' Russian sage Sarcococca confusa Sweet box Herbaceous Acanthus mollis 'Rue Ledan' Bear's breeches, Oyster plant Acaena inermis 'Purpurea' New Zealand burr Achillea 'Monpagode' Yarrow Agastache 'Black Adder' Giant hyssop Alchemilla erythropoda Lady's mantle Anemone huphensis var japonica Japanese anemone Aruncus dioicus 'Horatio' Goatsbeard Aster laterifolius 'Coombe Fishacre' Aster Blechnum spicant Hard fern, Deer fern Bupleurum perfoliatum Hare's ear Campanula trachelium var. alba Bell flower Centranthus ruber Red valerian Chamaenerion angustifolium 'Album' Rosebay willowherb Dianthus cruentus Pink Digitalis ferrugunea Rusty Foxglove Dryopteris erythrosora Autumn fern Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' Coneflower Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum Barrenwort Erigeron karvinskianus Spanish daisy Eryngium yuccifolium Button snake-root Eryngium giganteum 'Silver Ghost' Giant sea holly Eryngium planum 'Blaukappe' Sea holly Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Geranium pyrenaicum 'Bill Wallis'
    [Show full text]
  • THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants
    THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants T.G.F.Curtis & H.N. McGough Wildlife Service Ireland DUBLIN PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE 1988 ISBN 0 7076 0032 4 This version of the Red Data Book was scanned from the original book. The original book is A5-format, with 168 pages. Some changes have been made as follows: NOMENCLATURE has been updated, with the name used in the 1988 edition in brackets. Irish Names and family names have also been added. STATUS: There have been three Flora Protection Orders (1980, 1987, 1999) to date. If a species is currently protected (i.e. 1999) this is stated as PROTECTED, if it was previously protected, the year(s) of the relevant orders are given. IUCN categories have been updated as follows: EN to CR, V to EN, R to V. The original (1988) rating is given in brackets thus: “CR (EN)”. This takes account of the fact that a rare plant is not necessarily threatened. The European IUCN rating was given in the original book, here it is changed to the UK IUCN category as given in the 2005 Red Data Book listing. MAPS and APPENDIX have not been reproduced here. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to the following for their help in the preparation of the Irish Red Data Book:- Christine Leon, CMC, Kew for writing the Preface to this Red Data Book and for helpful discussions on the European aspects of rare plant conservation; Edwin Wymer, who designed the cover and who, as part of his contract duties in the Wildlife Service, organised the computer applications to the data in an efficient and thorough manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of Pollen in Apiales (Asterids, Eudicots)
    Phytotaxa 478 (1): 001–032 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.1 Morphology of pollen in Apiales (Asterids, Eudicots) JAKUB BACZYŃSKI1,3, ALEKSANDRA MIŁOBĘDZKA1,2,4 & ŁUKASZ BANASIAK1,5* 1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland. 2 Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic. 3 �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-9053 4 �[email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-7581 5 �[email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-023X *Corresponding author: �[email protected] Abstract In this monograph, for the first time, the pollen morphology was analysed in the context of modern taxonomic treatment of the order and statistically evaluated in search of traits that could be utilised in further taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Our research included pollen sampled from 417 herbarium specimens representing 158 species belonging to 125 genera distributed among all major lineages of Apiales. The pollen was mechanically isolated, acetolysed, suspended in pure glycerine and mounted on paraffin-sealed slides for light microscopy investigation. Although most of the analysed traits were highly homoplastic and showed significant overlap even between distantly related lineages, we were able to construct a taxonomic key based on characters that bear the strongest phylogenetic signal: P/E ratio, mesocolpium shape observed in polar view and ectocolpus length relative to polar diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecography ECOG-05013
    Ecography ECOG-05013 Aikio, S., Ramula, S., Muola, A. and von Numers, M. 2020. Island properties dominate species traits in determining plant colonizations in an archipelago system. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.05013 Supplementary material Supplementary material Appendix 1 Fig. A1. Pairwise relationships and correlation coefficients of the island variables in the AIC- simplified model. 1 Fig. A2. Pairwise relationships and correlation coefficients of the plant traits in the AIC- simplified model. 2 Dispersal_vector [wind_water] Dispersal_vector [endozoochor] Dispersal_vector [unspecialised] Historical_total_log Pollen_vector [abiotic_insect] Life_form [herb] Dispersal_vector [myrmerochor] Dispersal_vector [epizoochor] Area_log Plant_height_log Limestone [Yes] Convolution Buffer_2_km_log Life_cycle [short] Seed_mass_log Veg_repr [Yes] North_limit Seed_bank [transient] Ellenberg_Nitrogen Ellenberg_Moisture Residents_per_area_log Ellenberg_Temperature Ellenberg_Reaction Shannon_habitats Shore_meadow Deciduous_forest Mixed_forest Marsh Buffer_5_km_log Buildings Euref_X Meadow_or_pasture Euref_Y Eklund_culture SLA Ellenberg_Light Coniferous_forest Sand Open_rock_or_bare_ground Seed_bank [unknown] Apomictic [Yes] Life_form [woody] Pollen_vector [insect] Pollen_vector [abiotic_self] Dist_to_historical_log Pollen_vector [self] Pollen_vector [insect_self] 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 Odds Ratio Fig. A3. Odds ratios (i.e., exp[parameter estimate]) and 95% confidence intervals for the fixed effects of the colonization model (full model of all 587 species with
    [Show full text]
  • Université De Montréal Inuit Ethnobotany in the North American
    Université de Montréal Inuit Ethnobotany in the North American Subarctic and Arctic: Celebrating a Rich History and Expanding Research into New Areas Using Biocultural Diversity par Christian H. Norton Département de sciences biologiques Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en sciences biologiques Novembre 2018 © Christian H. Norton 2018 2 Résumé Historiquement, l'utilisation des plantes par les Inuits était considérée comme minimale. Notre compréhension de l'utilisation des plantes par les Inuits a commencé par suite de la prise en compte de concepts tels que la diversité bioculturelle et les espèces clés, et ces nouvelles idées ont commencé à dissiper les mythes sur le manque d’importance des plantes dans la culture inuite. Les Inuits peuvent être regroupés en quatre régions en fonction de la langue: l'Alaska, l'Arctique ouest canadien, l'Arctique et la région subarctique est canadienne et le Groenland. Le chapitre 1 passera en revue la littérature sur l'utilisation des plantes inuites de l'Alaska au Groenland. Au total, 311 taxons ont été mentionnés dans les quatre régions, ce qui correspond à 73 familles. Les niveaux de diversité étaient similaires dans les quatre régions. Seuls 25 taxons et 16 familles étaient communs à toutes les régions, mais 50%-75% des taxons et 75%-90% familles étaient signalés dans au moins deux régions, et les régions voisines ont généralement un chevauchement plus élevé que les régions plus éloignées. De la même manière, les Inuits des quatre régions ont indiqué comestible, médecine, incendie et design comme principales catégories d'utilisation, ainsi qu'une différenciation commune claire en ce qui concerne les taxons utilisés à des fins spécifiques.
    [Show full text]
  • Kraeuter.Pdf
    KRÄUTERRARITÄTEN Schafgarbe Achillea millefolium in Sorten Anis-Minze Agastache foeniculum ‘Blue fortune’ Odermennig Agrimonia eupatoria Stockrose, schwarze Malve Alcea rosea Winterheckenzwiebel Allium fistulosum Schnittknoblauch Allium ramosum Schnittlauch Allium schoenoprasum Berglauch Allium senescens Bärlauch Allium ursinum Baum-Aloe Aloe aborescens Echte Aloe Aloe vera Eibisch Althaea officinalis Kardamom Amomum subaltum Römischer Bertram Anacyclus pyrethrum Dill Anethum graveolens Engelwurz Angelica archangelica /gigas Färber-Kamille Anthemis tinctoria Kerbel Anthriscus cerefolium Blatt-Sellerie Apium graveolens Akelei Aquilegia vulgaris Wiesen-Arnika Arnica chamissonis Frauenbeifuß Artemisia frigida Eberraute (Colastrauch) Artemisia abrotanum Zitronenduftcolastrauch Artemisia abrotanum Wermut ‘Lambrook Mist’ Artemisia absinthium Französischer Estragon Artemisia dracunculus Augenwurz Athamantha turbith Brahmi Bacopa monnieri Winterkresse / Barbarakraut Barbarea vulgaris Borretsch, Gurkenkraut Borago officinalis Ing. Julia Wolf 8293 Wörterberg 92 0680 - 1334 742 www.biohofwolf.at Goldbart Callisia fragrans Steinquendel `Triumphator` Calamintha nepeta `Triumphator` Ringelblume Calendula officinalis Kümmel Carum carvi Kornblume Centaurea cyanus Bergflockenblume Centaurea montana Flockenblume `Amethyst in Snow` Centaurea montana `Amethyst in Snow` Flockenblume `Black Sprite` Centaurea montana `Black Sprite` Tausendguldenkraut Centaurium erythraea Römische Kamille Chamaemelum nobile ‘Treneague’ Wohlriechender Gönsefuß, Epazote Chenopodium
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of the Flowering Plant
    American Journal of Botany 87(2): 273±292. 2000. A PHYLOGENY OF THE FLOWERING PLANT FAMILY APIACEAE BASED ON CHLOROPLAST DNA RPL16 AND RPOC1 INTRON SEQUENCES: TOWARDS A SUPRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION OF SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE1 STEPHEN R. DOWNIE,2,4 DEBORAH S. KATZ-DOWNIE,2 AND MARK F. W ATSON3 2Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA; and 3Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK The higher level relationships within Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) subfamily Apioideae are controversial, with no widely acceptable modern classi®cation available. Comparative sequencing of the intron in chloroplast ribosomal protein gene rpl16 was carried out in order to examine evolutionary relationships among 119 species (99 genera) of subfamily Apioideae and 28 species from Apiaceae subfamilies Saniculoideae and Hydrocotyloideae, and putatively allied families Araliaceae and Pittosporaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of these intron sequences alone, or in conjunction with plastid rpoC1 intron sequences for a subset of the taxa, using maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, reveal a pattern of relationships within Apioideae consistent with previously published chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS based phylogenies. Based on consensus of relationship, seven major lineages within the subfamily are recognized at the tribal level. These are referred to as tribes Heteromorpheae M. F. Watson & S. R. Downie Trib. Nov., Bupleureae Spreng. (1820), Oenantheae Dumort. (1827), Pleurospermeae M. F. Watson & S. R. Downie Trib. Nov., Smyrnieae Spreng. (1820), Aciphylleae M. F. Watson & S. R. Downie Trib. Nov., and Scandiceae Spreng. (1820). Scandiceae comprises subtribes Daucinae Dumort. (1827), Scan- dicinae Tausch (1834), and Torilidinae Dumort. (1827).
    [Show full text]