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Proposal for Plot Based Plant Phenology Sampling in Puale Bay, Alaska (Adapted from Long Term Ecological Monitoring Program, Vegetation Sampling Protocols 2006)
Plant Phenology Puale Bay 2010 Proposal for Plot Based Plant Phenology Sampling in Puale Bay, Alaska (Adapted from Long Term Ecological Monitoring Program, Vegetation Sampling Protocols 2006) Stacey E. Pecen U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Peninsula/Becharof NWR, P.O. Box 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Phenology, the timing of major biological events during a plant or animal’s life, can be monitored to detect changes in climate. Major events are called phenophases: leaf emergence, flowering, fruit ripening, and senescing. According to Menzel and Estrella (2001), plant phenology studies have shown that the average growing season is increasing by 0.2 days/year. It is especially important to monitor changes in higher latitudes, such as Alaska, where global warming is expected to occur earlier and at a greater magnitude (Henry and Molau 1997). The Northern Hemisphere (above 40o N) has experienced an increase in temperature of at least 0.5oC/decade from 1966-1995 (Serreze et al. 2000, Euskirchen et al. 2009). Monitoring species abundance and diversity is also vital. Environmental conditions dictate the composition of plant communities. Changes can occur over time, disrupting the balance of these interactions. In a nine year study at Toolik Lake, AK, Chapin et al. (1995) found that species richness declined 30-50% when the mean temperature was increased by 3.5˚C. Forbs and grasses decreased in abundance while woody species, such as Betula spp., increased. Changes in species abundance in regions of the arctic, as a result of warming, were also noted by Euskirchen et al. (2009). -
Ornithocoprophilous Plants of Mount Desert Rock, a Remote Bird-Nesting Island in the Gulf of Maine, U.S.A
RHODORA, Vol. 111, No. 948, pp. 417–447, 2009 E Copyright 2009 by the New England Botanical Club ORNITHOCOPROPHILOUS PLANTS OF MOUNT DESERT ROCK, A REMOTE BIRD-NESTING ISLAND IN THE GULF OF MAINE, U.S.A. NISHANTA RAJAKARUNA Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose´ State University, One Washington Square, San Jose´, CA 95192-0100 e-mail: [email protected] NATHANIEL POPE AND JOSE PEREZ-OROZCO College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 TANNER B. HARRIS University of Massachusetts, Fernald Hall, 270 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003 ABSTRACT. Plants growing on seabird-nesting islands are uniquely adapted to deal with guano-derived soils high in N and P. Such ornithocoprophilous plants found in isolated, oceanic settings provide useful models for ecological and evolutionary investigations. The current study explored the plants foundon Mount Desert Rock (MDR), a small seabird-nesting, oceanic island 44 km south of Mount Desert Island (MDI), Hancock County, Maine, U.S.A. Twenty-seven species of vascular plants from ten families were recorded. Analyses of guano- derived soils from the rhizosphere of the three most abundant species from bird- 2 nesting sites of MDR showed significantly higher (P , 0.05) NO3 , available P, extractable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and significantly lower Mn compared to soils from the rhizosphere of conspecifics on non-bird nesting coastal bluffs from nearby MDI. Bio-available Pb was several-fold higher in guano soils than for background levels for Maine. Leaf tissue elemental analyses from conspecifics on and off guano soils showed significant differences with respect to N, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb, although trends were not always consistent. -
Foeniculum Vulgare) in Thyroid and Testes of Male Rats
Plant Archives Vol. 18 No. 1, 2018 pp. 341-353 ISSN 0972-5210 PHYSIOLOGICAL, HORMONAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FENNEL SEEDS (FOENICULUM VULGARE) IN THYROID AND TESTES OF MALE RATS Noori Mohammed Luaibi Department of Biology, College of Science, AL-Mustansyriah University, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In various parts of the world Fennel seeds Foeniculum vulgare has been used in a herbal medicine. The present study aims to shed light on fennel’s side effects in male rats in the weights , hormonal, histological changes and some of the physiological parameters of thyroid and testes. About 60 Spargue-Dawley albino adult male rats were daily fed with fennel pellet in three different doses (50, 100, 200)gm/kg bw for three different periods of time (10, 20, 30) days. After end of each experiment animals were weighed then it scarified for blood and tissue collection , blood collected by heart puncture then it centrifuged for serum separation and kept at -80oC to hormonal, biochemical analysis and some histological standards , then thyroid and testes were excised and fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin for histological preparation. The results showed that increased doses of fennel consumption and treatment duration statistically caused Highly significant increase (p<0.01) in thyroid weights in experimental treated groups (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) while group (5 and 6) showed significant increase (p<0.05) compared to the control group. No changes illustrated in values of Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) in all periods of time and in all concentrations of fennel in comparison with the control group. -
Major Lineages Within Apiaceae Subfamily Apioideae: a Comparison of Chloroplast Restriction Site and Dna Sequence Data1
American Journal of Botany 86(7): 1014±1026. 1999. MAJOR LINEAGES WITHIN APIACEAE SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE: A COMPARISON OF CHLOROPLAST RESTRICTION SITE AND DNA SEQUENCE DATA1 GREGORY M. PLUNKETT2 AND STEPHEN R. DOWNIE Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Traditional sources of taxonomic characters in the large and taxonomically complex subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae) have been confounding and no classi®cation system of the subfamily has been widely accepted. A restriction site analysis of the chloroplast genome from 78 representatives of Apioideae and related groups provided a data matrix of 990 variable characters (750 of which were potentially parsimony-informative). A comparison of these data to that of three recent DNA sequencing studies of Apioideae (based on ITS, rpoCl intron, and matK sequences) shows that the restriction site analysis provides 2.6± 3.6 times more variable characters for a comparable group of taxa. Moreover, levels of divergence appear to be well suited to studies at the subfamilial and tribal levels of Apiaceae. Cladistic and phenetic analyses of the restriction site data yielded trees that are visually congruent to those derived from the other recent molecular studies. On the basis of these comparisons, six lineages and one paraphyletic grade are provisionally recognized as informal groups. These groups can serve as the starting point for future, more intensive studies of the subfamily. Key words: Apiaceae; Apioideae; chloroplast genome; restriction site analysis; Umbelliferae. Apioideae are the largest and best-known subfamily of tem, and biochemical characters exhibit similarly con- Apiaceae (5 Umbelliferae) and include many familiar ed- founding parallelisms (e.g., Bell, 1971; Harborne, 1971; ible plants (e.g., carrot, parsnips, parsley, celery, fennel, Nielsen, 1971). -
USP Statement on Validation of DNA Test Methods for Regulating the Quality of Herbal Supplements
USP Statement on Validation of DNA Test Methods for Regulating the Quality of Herbal Supplements U.S. PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION The United States Pharmacopeial Convention Urges Scientific Validation of DNA Test Methods for Regulating the Quality of Herbal Supplements (Rockville, MD – April 16, 2015) – In response to an agreement announced between the New York State Attorney General (NYAG) and GNC Holdings, Inc. (GNC) the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), an independent, science based, standards setting organization and publishers of the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF), an official compendia of quality standards for dietary supplements sold in the U.S., issued the following statement: Statement by Gabriel Giancaspro, PhD – Vice President –Foods, Dietary Supplement and Herbal Medicines United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) “As a science-based standards-setting organization, the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) has a keen interest in adopting emerging technologies to ensure the test methods and quality standards included in the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) are current and reflect the state of the industry. DNA testing including DNA Barcoding, is just one example of a technology that has been recently added to the USP-NF. As of December 2014, DNA-based identification methods are included in the official USP chapter <563> Identification of Articles of Botanical Origin. However, this method is not yet referenced in a USP-NF monograph (quality standard) for a specific ingredient or product. That is because USP quality standards are specific for each ingredient, product and dosage form and the standards we develop include only those test methods that have been scientifically validated and shown to be fit for purpose. -
INDEX for 2011 HERBALPEDIA Abelmoschus Moschatus—Ambrette Seed Abies Alba—Fir, Silver Abies Balsamea—Fir, Balsam Abies
INDEX FOR 2011 HERBALPEDIA Acer palmatum—Maple, Japanese Acer pensylvanicum- Moosewood Acer rubrum—Maple, Red Abelmoschus moschatus—Ambrette seed Acer saccharinum—Maple, Silver Abies alba—Fir, Silver Acer spicatum—Maple, Mountain Abies balsamea—Fir, Balsam Acer tataricum—Maple, Tatarian Abies cephalonica—Fir, Greek Achillea ageratum—Yarrow, Sweet Abies fraseri—Fir, Fraser Achillea coarctata—Yarrow, Yellow Abies magnifica—Fir, California Red Achillea millefolium--Yarrow Abies mariana – Spruce, Black Achillea erba-rotta moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies religiosa—Fir, Sacred Achillea moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies sachalinensis—Fir, Japanese Achillea ptarmica - Sneezewort Abies spectabilis—Fir, Himalayan Achyranthes aspera—Devil’s Horsewhip Abronia fragrans – Sand Verbena Achyranthes bidentata-- Huai Niu Xi Abronia latifolia –Sand Verbena, Yellow Achyrocline satureoides--Macela Abrus precatorius--Jequirity Acinos alpinus – Calamint, Mountain Abutilon indicum----Mallow, Indian Acinos arvensis – Basil Thyme Abutilon trisulcatum- Mallow, Anglestem Aconitum carmichaeli—Monkshood, Azure Indian Aconitum delphinifolium—Monkshood, Acacia aneura--Mulga Larkspur Leaf Acacia arabica—Acacia Bark Aconitum falconeri—Aconite, Indian Acacia armata –Kangaroo Thorn Aconitum heterophyllum—Indian Atees Acacia catechu—Black Catechu Aconitum napellus—Aconite Acacia caven –Roman Cassie Aconitum uncinatum - Monkshood Acacia cornigera--Cockspur Aconitum vulparia - Wolfsbane Acacia dealbata--Mimosa Acorus americanus--Calamus Acacia decurrens—Acacia Bark Acorus calamus--Calamus -
Gotu Kola Centella Asiatica
Gotu Kola Centella asiatica Gotu Kola, belongs to the Apiaceae family and is commonly known as pennywort or the arthritis herb, is often called Brahmi, but differs from other Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri – both these herbs are used and respected in the Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine systems. This herb is both a food and a medicine, though it has quite a strong and bitter taste. (Image: http://www.goldenpoppyherbs.com/media/wysiwyg/Gotu-Kola-Extract.jpg) Identification & Cultivation: Gotu Kola is a water loving, creeping, ground covering, herbaceous perennial, which is frost tender, needs to be grown as an indoor plant in colder climates, or heavy mulched to protect it from frosts. The stolons (stems above ground) are green to pinkish red, they spread out and at each leaf node, roots grow and gives rise to new plants. Its bright green veined leaves are kidney shaped - a single leaf per stem. The flowers, umbel form, are white, to pinkish in colour and arising from the nodes, these develop into small ribbed seeds. It is indigenous to the Indian continent, South East Asia and the wetlands of the South Eastern US states, though it has happily spread around the globe. Part Used: Leaves, although the flowers are edible. Harvesting: Fresh is best, pick the leaves of this herb as you need it. This herb can be harvested all year, optimal harvest time for drying or tincturing is in summer, when in optimal growth. Energetic Character: Bitter- sweet, astringent and acrid. (Image of leaves & flowers: http://www.suppreviewers.com/gotu-kola-benefits/) Constituents: A herb of complex chemical components; containing a number of pentacyclic triterpenoids, triterpene saponins, (including asiaticoside & madecassoside) glycosides, free aglycones (including madecassic/brahmic acid & asiatic acid), bitters, alkaloids, antioxidants, flavonoids, mucilage, fatty acids, tannins, amino acids, sterols, resins, acids, pectin, vitamins; pro- vitamin A - beta-carotene, B, & C and minerals; magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, copper, calcium, iron, zinc and sodium. -
NVPD-Recording-Card Coastal
Recording card Irish Wild Flowers: Coastal habitat Date: Grid Ref: Name: Location and County: www.biodiversityireland.ie Notes: Scientific name Common Name Scientific name Common Name Scientific name Common Name Dunes Parentucellia viscosa Bartsia, yellow Limonium humile Lavender, sea Achillea millefolium Yarrow Phragmites australis Reed, common Myriophyllum spicatum Water milfoil, spiked Ammophila arenaria Marram grass Potentilla anserina Silverweed Potamogeton pectinatus Pondweed, fennel Anacamptis pyramidalis Orchid, pyramidal Salix repens Willow, creeping Puccinellia maritima Salt-marsh grass, common Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney vetch Shingle and gravel banks Ranunculus baudotii Water crow-foot Aparagus officinales ssp. prostratus Asparagus Atriplex lanciniata Orache, frosted Salicornia agg. Glassworts Asparagus officinalis subsp. officinalis Garden asparagus* Chamaemelum nobile Chamomile, common Seriphidium maritima Wormwood, sea Cakile maritima Rocket, sea Crambe maritima Kale, sea Spartina anglica Cord grass, English Calystegia soldanella Bindweed, sea Crithmum maritimum Samphire, rock Triglochin maritima Arrowgrass, sea Carex arenaria Sand sedge Glaucium flavum Poppy, yellow-horned Triglochin palustris Arrowgrass, Marsh Centaurium pulchellum Centuary, lesser Honkenya peploides Sandwort, sea Coastal general Dactylorhiza majalis Orchid, western marsh Lathyrus japonicus ssp. maritimus Pea, sea Allium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii Babingtons leek Daucus carota ssp. Gummifer Carrot, sea Mertensia maritima Oysterplant Aster tripolium -
Horatio's Garden Plant List
Horatio’s Garden Plant List Latin name Common name Trees Amelanchier lamarckii - multistem Snowy mespilus, Serviceberry Betula nigra - multistem River birch Buxus sempervirens - balls Box Koelreuteria paniculata (in planter) Golden rain tree, Varnish tree Hedging Cratageous monogyna Quickthorn Euonymous europaeus Spindle Rosa canina Dog rose Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Fagus sylvatica Beech Quercus rober English oak Shrubs Buddleja davidii 'Purple Emperor' Butterfly bush Osmanthus x burwoodii Osmanthus Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Perovskia atriplicifolia 'Blue Spire' Russian sage Sarcococca confusa Sweet box Herbaceous Acanthus mollis 'Rue Ledan' Bear's breeches, Oyster plant Acaena inermis 'Purpurea' New Zealand burr Achillea 'Monpagode' Yarrow Agastache 'Black Adder' Giant hyssop Alchemilla erythropoda Lady's mantle Anemone huphensis var japonica Japanese anemone Aruncus dioicus 'Horatio' Goatsbeard Aster laterifolius 'Coombe Fishacre' Aster Blechnum spicant Hard fern, Deer fern Bupleurum perfoliatum Hare's ear Campanula trachelium var. alba Bell flower Centranthus ruber Red valerian Chamaenerion angustifolium 'Album' Rosebay willowherb Dianthus cruentus Pink Digitalis ferrugunea Rusty Foxglove Dryopteris erythrosora Autumn fern Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' Coneflower Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum Barrenwort Erigeron karvinskianus Spanish daisy Eryngium yuccifolium Button snake-root Eryngium giganteum 'Silver Ghost' Giant sea holly Eryngium planum 'Blaukappe' Sea holly Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Geranium pyrenaicum 'Bill Wallis' -
THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants
THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants T.G.F.Curtis & H.N. McGough Wildlife Service Ireland DUBLIN PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE 1988 ISBN 0 7076 0032 4 This version of the Red Data Book was scanned from the original book. The original book is A5-format, with 168 pages. Some changes have been made as follows: NOMENCLATURE has been updated, with the name used in the 1988 edition in brackets. Irish Names and family names have also been added. STATUS: There have been three Flora Protection Orders (1980, 1987, 1999) to date. If a species is currently protected (i.e. 1999) this is stated as PROTECTED, if it was previously protected, the year(s) of the relevant orders are given. IUCN categories have been updated as follows: EN to CR, V to EN, R to V. The original (1988) rating is given in brackets thus: “CR (EN)”. This takes account of the fact that a rare plant is not necessarily threatened. The European IUCN rating was given in the original book, here it is changed to the UK IUCN category as given in the 2005 Red Data Book listing. MAPS and APPENDIX have not been reproduced here. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to the following for their help in the preparation of the Irish Red Data Book:- Christine Leon, CMC, Kew for writing the Preface to this Red Data Book and for helpful discussions on the European aspects of rare plant conservation; Edwin Wymer, who designed the cover and who, as part of his contract duties in the Wildlife Service, organised the computer applications to the data in an efficient and thorough manner. -
Morphology of Pollen in Apiales (Asterids, Eudicots)
Phytotaxa 478 (1): 001–032 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.1 Morphology of pollen in Apiales (Asterids, Eudicots) JAKUB BACZYŃSKI1,3, ALEKSANDRA MIŁOBĘDZKA1,2,4 & ŁUKASZ BANASIAK1,5* 1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland. 2 Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic. 3 �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-9053 4 �[email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-7581 5 �[email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-023X *Corresponding author: �[email protected] Abstract In this monograph, for the first time, the pollen morphology was analysed in the context of modern taxonomic treatment of the order and statistically evaluated in search of traits that could be utilised in further taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Our research included pollen sampled from 417 herbarium specimens representing 158 species belonging to 125 genera distributed among all major lineages of Apiales. The pollen was mechanically isolated, acetolysed, suspended in pure glycerine and mounted on paraffin-sealed slides for light microscopy investigation. Although most of the analysed traits were highly homoplastic and showed significant overlap even between distantly related lineages, we were able to construct a taxonomic key based on characters that bear the strongest phylogenetic signal: P/E ratio, mesocolpium shape observed in polar view and ectocolpus length relative to polar diameter. -
Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica L.): an Under-Utilized Herb
® The Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology ©2011 Global Science Books Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica L.): An Under-utilized Herb Manjula S. Bandara1* • Ee L. Lee1,2 • James E. Thomas2 1 Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 301 Horticultural Station Road East, Brooks, AB, T1R 1E6, Canada 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, T1K 2M4, Canada Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT The short growing season and harsh climate found in many parts of Canada necessitates development of both field and greenhouse-based plant production. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) is a member of the Apiaceae family, which is characterized by its constantly growing roots, and long copper-coloured stolons (runners) with long internodes and roots at the base of each node. Also known as Indian pennywort, it is a perennial creeping plant native to India, China, Japan, North Africa and Sri Lanka. Gotu kola has been used as a therapeutic herb in India, China and Indonesia for thousands of years. Its ability to heal wounds, to improve mental complications and to treat skin lesions are the main reasons for its wide spread use in those countries. In the western world, the crop is becoming popular due its ability to boost mental acuity and improve circulation. Growth of gotu kola on the Canadian Prairies has met with limited success and potential for field production of the crop is slim due to unfavourable growing conditions. It appears that annual in vitro production of the plant through tissue culture and clonal propagation in the greenhouse is necessary prior to transfer of the plant to the field.