DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document i | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ g !!|t,; t s0 F ;|$0: | t j.i < 2REPORT, E003 | j.j0,?V U o;0 Public Disclosure Authorized X t0/j X 0 f;0.1; t:ff W X tnr :E 4'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized _I=IW=_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4i; 1,~!1N . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. Public Disclosure Authorized ENvIRoNMENTAL ACTION PLAN OF CHNA 1991-2000 produced by National Environmental Protection Agency And State Planning Commission People's Republic of China EnvironnenmalActmn Pbn of China TABLEOF CONIFNTS Abbreviationu . iv Executive Summary .,.. v I China's EnvirommentalObjectives for the 1990s . ....................... 2 1.1 Overall Objectives. 2 1.2 Main Targets.. 2 1.2.1 EnvironmentalPollution Control. 2 1.2.2 EcologicalProtection of Nature. 3 2 Policies andManagement. 4 2.1 Direction of EnvirommentalPolicies. 4 2.1.1 Strategiesthat Integate EnvironmentalProtection into the Developmentof the Economyand Society. 4 2.1.2 Formulateand ImplementEnvironment-Fnendly Sectoral Policies and Reduce E tvironmentalPollution and Destruction Througb Setoral Restructuring. 7 2.1.3 PromoteScience and Technologyand ActivelyDevelop EnvironmentulProtection Industry. 7 2.1.4 StrengthenEnvironmental Management, Improve Institutional and Policy Coordinationof EnvironmentalProtection. 9 2.2 Economic Policies . .10 2.2.1 Price Policies .10 2.2.2 Tax Policies .11 2.2.3 Credit and Other Policies .12 2.2.4 Natural ResourceAccounting .13 2.3 EnvironmentalProtection Organizations .13 2.3.1 ImproveEnvironmental Protection Organizations .14 2.3.2 Improvethe OperationSystem of EnvironmentalManagement .14 2.3.3 ImproveProfessional Quality .15 2.3.4 Improvethe Technical SupportingAbility of Envirommental ProtectionOrganizations .15 2.3.5 StrengthenEnvironmental Protection Commissions at All Levels and ImproveTheir CoordinationCapability. 15 2.4 EnvironmientalScience and Technology.16 2.4.1 Current Status and Problems.16 2.4.2 Targets ........................................ 16 2.4.3 Major Fields and Priority Programmes.17 2.4.4 Strategyand Measures.17 2.5 Public Participationand EnviromnentalEducation . .19 2.5.1 Public Participation.19 2.5.2 EnvironmentalEducation .23 2.6 Ten Policies on Environmentand Development . .25 3 EnvironmentalAction Plan by Sectors.31 3.1 Urban EnvironmentalProtection . .31 3.1.1 Background.31 3.1.2 Current Situationand Problems .31 EavlronmentalActi 11m of China 3.1.3 Targets ................. 32 3.1.4 Strategy ................. 34 3.1.5 Major Fields andPriority Programmes.36 3.1.6 Implementationand Monitoring .37 3.2 Enrgy ..... 38 3.2.1 Generl Features andProblem.38 3.2.2 Targets .39 3.2.3 StrategyAnd Measures .39 - 3.2.4 Major Fields andPriority Progammes. 41 3.2.5 Implementationand Monitoring .43 3.3 Industry ..... 43 3.3.1 Genal Features andProblems .43 3.3.2 Targets ............ 44 3.3.3 Strtegy ............ 46 3.3.4 Priority Fields andProjcts .50 3.3.5 Implementationand Monitoring .53 3.4 Forests andGrsslands . .53 3.4.1 Forests ............ 53 3.4.2 Grsslands ............ 58 3.5 Rural Area and EcologicalAgriculture . .60 3.5.1 Farmland....................................... 60 3.5.2 Desertification.61 3.5.3 Water Loss and Soil Erosion .63 3.5.4 Land Degenerationand Pollution.68 3.5.5 Rural Energy.69 3.5.6 Township Enteiprises.72 3.5.7 Ecological Agriculture. 74 3.6 Rivers and Seas . .76 3.6.1 Rivers .........................................76 3.6.2 Seas .......................................... 78 3.7 The Conservationof Nature . .82 3.7.1 The Conservationof Species .82 3.7.2 TMeConservation of Wetlands .6 3.7.3 Nature Reserves.7 3.8 GeologicalEnvironment Protection . .9 3.8.1 Current Status and Problems .89 3.8.2 Targets .89 3.8.3 Strategies .90 3.8.4 Implementation and Monitoring .90 4 Investment in EnvironmentalProtection . .91 4.1 Investmentin PollutionContrl . .91 4.1.1 Investmentin Air Pollution Control .. 91 4.1.2 Investment in Water Pollution Control .92 4.1.3 Investmentin Solid Waste and Noise PollutionControl . .92 4.1.4 Source of PoDution Control Investment .92 4.2 Investmentfor Natural ResouroeConservation .. 94 4.2.1 Forests Conservation.94 4.2.2 Grasslands Conservation .94 4.2.3 Soil Erosion Control .94 4.2.4 Desertification Control .95 4.2.5 Flood and WaterloggingControl and Irrigation .95 - ii- Enviromnentnl Action Plan of China 4.2.6 Natural Reserves and Biodiversity Conservation ............... 95 5 Priorities of Envirommental Cocerns ................................ 97 5.1 Environmental Priorities ........................................ 97 5.1.1 Water Pollution (with key pollutants of organic) ............... 97 5.1.2 Urban Air Pollution (with key pollutants of TSP and S02) .. ....... 97 5.1.3 Industrial Toxic and Hazardous Solid Wastes and Urban Pollution ... 97 5.1.4 Shortage of Surface-Water Resources in the North and Serious Shortage of Water in Many Cities ................ 98 5.1.5 Serious and Widely-distributed Soil Erosion ................. 98 5.1.6 Low Forest Coverage Rate, Shrinking of Natural Forests and Serious Grassland Degradation ....................... 98 5.1.7 Reduction of Ecosystems and Species ...................... 98 5.2 Main Points of Work in Environmental Protection ........................ 99 5.2.1 EnviromnmentalPollution Prevention and Control .... ........... 99 5.2.2 Natural Resource Conservation .......................... 101 6 Suggestions for International Cooperation on the Environment ................. 102 6.1 Technological Cooperation . ... ..................................... 102 6.2 Personnel Exchanges and Training .......... ........................ 102 6.3 Environmental Projects .......................................... 103 References .105 Annex: List of Participating Organs and Members in the Preparation of the Environmental Action Plan of China ............................. 106 -ui- Environniental Action Plan of China ARiREviAIONs ADB Asian Development Bank BAP Biodiversity Action Plan (of China) BOF Bureau of Forestry CRAES Chinese Research Academyof EnvirommentalSciences CRUE comprehensive renovationof the urban environment EAP Environmental Action Plan (of China) EIA environmental impact assessment EPBs Environmental Protection Bureaus FGD flue gas desulphurisation GEF Global Environment Facility GNP gross national product MDA International Development Association (World Bank) MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Construction MOE Ministry of Energy MOF Ministry of Forestry MOOWR Ministry of Water Resources NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency NPC National People's Congress QAC quota for allowable cut SLMA State Land ManagementAgency SO2 sulphur dioxide So. sulphur oxides SPC State Planning Commission SPM suspended particulate matter TCE tons of coal equivalent TSPs total suspended particulates TVIEs town and village industrial enterprises UNCED United Nations Conference on Envirommentand Development UNDP United Nations DevelopmentProgramme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme -WRWT tre_rwee lv -nt -iv- Enviromenta ActionPlan of Chim Executive Summary ExECurVESUmmARY Since 1992, China has been using funds from the International Development Association (IDA), a branch of the World Bank, to develop environmental protection projects. Tbis cooperation is expected to continue a long time, and possibly the number of loans will be expanded gradually. According to MDArequirements that all member state governments should submit an Environmental Action Plan (EAP) by mid-1993, the National Enviromenta Protection Agency of China and the State Planning Commiscionformulated the 'Environmental Action Plan of China'. It focuses on: (1) the concrete environmental objectives to be reached by the year 2000 in several fields, ranging from industry and urban environments, to forests and grasslands, to soil, water, and wildlife conservation; (2) the policies and measures needed to realize these objectives; (3) the environmental problems, priorities and major environmenta projects in each sector (and the institutions responsible for implementation, institutionbuilding, training and educationalprograms); (4)) the total funding requirements and possible funding sources; (5) the priorities among China's environmental concerns; and (6) a survey of areas where China is seeking international cooperation in environmental protection. OveamllEnvironmental Objectives At the beginning of the 1980s, China formulated overall strategic objectives for economic development: to quadruple the gross national product (GNP) of 1980 by the year 2000 calculated in constant prices so as to make her people generally well-off and to raise her per capita GNP to the level of medium-developedcountries by the middle of the next century. Correspondingto the national social and economic development objectives, China has set goals for environmentalprotection to be reached by the year 2000: environmental pollution will be basically brought under control; the environmental quality in major cities will be improvedand ecological degradation will be alleviated; and environmental protection will catch up with the national economic and social development. Policies 4 Family Planning. China has made achievements in environmental protection through adherence to some basic state policies, one of which is regarding family planning. The policy has fostered a series of measures for lowering the birth rate and thus alleviating pressure on the environment of an ever-expandingpopulation. China began her economic development under the constraints
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coronavirus Outbreak Stretches Supply Chain Resilience to Its Limit … and the Great Unknown Is How Long It Will Last
    February 2020 vigilantTHE MONTHLY CARGO CRIME UPDATE FOR TAPA’S GLOBAL FAMILY UNDER ATTACK Coronavirus outbreak stretches supply chain resilience to its limit … and the great unknown is how long it will last Page 3: TAPA launches its 'best-ever' supply chain Security Standards Pages 4-5: A deep dive into supply chain technologies as TAPA meets in Amsterdam Pages 6-17: CORONAVIRUS – SPECIAL REPORT • 10 challenges to supply chain resilience • The need for robust Business Continuity & Resiliency Planning • Tracking shifting supply chain risks during an evolving disease outbreak Pages 18-19: An update from TAPA EMEA’s President & CEO Pages 20-23: Cargo thefts reported in 17 countries in EMEA in January Pages 24-25: More questions answered in TAPA’s Standards FAQs Page 26: The latest TAPA certifications in APAC, the Americas and EMEA Page 27: Meet the Board talks to Nathaniel White of TAPA Americas TRANSPORTED ASSET PROTECTION ASSOCIATION welcome2 IN THE CHAIR AN UNWELCOME REMINDER OF WHY TAPA’S FUTURE IS ALL ABOUT SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE This is also certain to be a key topic of conversation when leaders from all three TAPA regions meet in Amsterdam next month. Going forward, TAPA is strongly placed to develop and manage new programmes to address such risks. I am sure all the lessons and experiences of our members right now in dealing with this current outbreak can ultimately give us a valuable bank of intelligence we can use to benefit the entire TAPA Family. So, we have devoted a large section of this issue to how supply chains are dealing with the challenges resulting from Coronavirus and we thank our contributors for making the time to share their knowledge and views on the current situation and what may lie ahead in the next few weeks and months.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comparison of Different Calculation Methods of Pollution Receiving Capacity for Jilin Province Huifa River
    Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ISSN: 0972-6268 Vol. 15 No. 4 pp. 1169-1176 2016 An International Quarterly Scientific Journal Original Research Paper The Comparison of Different Calculation Methods of Pollution Receiving Capacity for Jilin Province Huifa River Yao Liwei and Men Baohui† Renewable Energy Institute, North China Electric Power University, Beijing-102206, China †Corresponding author: Men Baohui ABSTRACT Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com Huifa River is the largest tributary of the Second Songhua River. Songhua River Basin is the concentrated area of Northeast Old Industrial Base, and it is also the distribution area of major cities, bearing Received: 19-12-2015 production task of national commodity grain. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, Accepted: 28-01-2016 the deterioration of water quality is serious and the water environment problem is becoming more and Key Words: more outstanding, which have affected the sustainable development of the economic and social of Pollution receiving capacity Jilin province, so it is necessary to analyse and study the pollution receiving capacity of the river and Water quality model control the water pollution source to protect the water environment and strengthen water resources Sewage outfall protection. Based on one-dimensional water quality model, this paper use three kinds of different Huifa river generalization methods, such as midpoint generalization, uniform generalization and sewage outfall barycenter generalization, to calculate
    [Show full text]
  • Accessing Future Crop Yield and Crop Water Productivity Over the Heihe
    Liu et al. Geosci. Lett. (2021) 8:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-020-00172-6 RESEARCH LETTER Open Access Accessing future crop yield and crop water productivity over the Heihe River basin in northwest China under a changing climate Qi Liu1,2, Jun Niu1,2* , Bellie Sivakumar3, Risheng Ding1,2 and Sien Li1,2 Abstract Quantitative evaluation of the response of crop yield and crop water productivity (CWP) to future climate change is important to prevent or mitigate the adverse efects of climate change. This study made such an evaluation for the agricultural land over the Heihe River basin in northwest China. The ability of 31 climate models for simulating the precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature was evaluated for the studied area, and a multi- model ensemble was employed. Using the previously well-established Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), crop yield and crop water productivity of four major crops (corn, wheat, barley, and spring canola-Polish) in the Heihe River basin were simulated for three future time periods (2025–2049, 2050–2074, and 2075–2099) under two Representa- tive Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The results revealed that the impacts of future climate change on crop yield and CWP of wheat, barley, and canola would all be negative, whereas the impact on corn in the eastern part of the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin would be positive. On the whole, climate change under RCP8.5 scenario would be more harmful to crops, while the corn crops in the Minle and Shandan counties have better ability to cope with climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Screening of Co-Culture Farming Models in Rice Field Based on Food Productivity
    sustainability Article Evaluation and Screening of Co-Culture Farming Models in Rice Field Based on Food Productivity Tao Jin 1,2, Candi Ge 3, Hui Gao 1, Hongcheng Zhang 1 and Xiaolong Sun 3,* 1 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; [email protected] (T.J.); [email protected] (H.G.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China 3 Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-25-84390280 Received: 18 February 2020; Accepted: 10 March 2020; Published: 11 March 2020 Abstract: Traditional farming practice of rice field co-culture is a time-tested example of sustainable agriculture, which increases food productivity of arable land with few adverse environmental impacts. However, the small-scale farming practice needs to be adjusted for modern agricultural production. Screening of rice field co-culture farming models is important in deciding the suitable model for industry-wide promotion. In this study, we aim to find the optimal rice field co-culture farming models for large-scale application, based on the notion of food productivity. We used experimental data from the Jiangsu Province of China and applied food-equivalent unit and arable-land-equivalent unit methods to examine applicable protocols for large-scale promotion of rice field co-culture farming models. Results indicate that the rice-loach and rice-catfish models achieve the highest food productivity; the rice-duck model increases the rice yield, while the rice-turtle and rice-crayfish models generate extra economic profits.
    [Show full text]
  • 18.4 Water Pollution Treatment Measures and Suggestions
    Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Contents E2712 V4 7 ASSESSMENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION IMPACT ....................................................................248 Public Disclosure Authorized 7.1 GENERAL ...............................................................................................................................................................248 7.1.1 Assessment standard......................................................................................................................................248 7.1.2 Analysis to major vibration sources ..............................................................................................................248 7.2 ASSESSMENT TO PRESENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION .....................................................................249 7.2.1 Introduction to present status of Environmental vibration ............................................................................249 7.2.2 Measurement of present status of Environmental vibration ..........................................................................249 7.2.3 Measurement results and analysis of present environmental vibration.........................................................250 7.3 ASSESSMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION FORECAST.....................................................................................250 7.3.1 Forecast method ............................................................................................................................................250
    [Show full text]
  • History and Corporate Structure
    THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT HISTORY AND CORPORATE STRUCTURE OVERVIEW We are an innovative vaccine company with a high-value prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine pipeline driven by in-house developed technology platforms. The history of our Group can be traced back to April 2009, when our Company was founded by Dr. Wang in Beijing as a limited liability company. For details of the background and experience of Dr. Wang, please refer to the section headed “Directors, Supervisors and Senior Management” in this document. On December 20, 2020, the promoters of the Company entered into a promoters’ agreement, pursuant to which, the promoters of the Company agreed to convert the Company into a joint stock limited liability company with a registered capital of RMB25,920,000. The conversion was completed on December 31, 2020. KEY MILESTONES The following table sets forth the key milestones of our business and corporate development: Year Key milestones and achievements October 2016 We completed the pilot test for ADV110. February 2017 We established our principal operating subsidiary, Suzhou Advaccine. March 2017 We completed the Round I Investment (as defined below) and raised approximately RMB20 million. July 2018 We initiated the Phase I clinical trial of ADV110 in Australia. November 2019 We successfully completed the Phase I clinical trial of ADV110. January 2020 We entered into a memorandum of understanding with Inovio relating to the initiation of co-development of pGX9501/INO-4800 against COVID-19.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Limit Velocity and Its Mechanism and Implications for Alluvial Rivers
    International Journal of Sediment Research 31 (2016) 205–211 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Sediment Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijsrc Original Research A study on limit velocity and its mechanism and implications for alluvial rivers Yanhong Jia a, Zhaoyin Wang b,n, Xiangmin Zheng a, Yanfu Li c a East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China b State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China c Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China article info abstract Article history: Observations from field investigations showed that flow velocity greater than 3 m/s rarely occurs in Received 29 October 2014 nature, and high flow velocity stresses the bio-community and causes instability to the channel. For Received in revised form alluvial rivers without strong human disturbance, the flow velocity varies within a limited range, gen- 5 January 2015 erally below 3 m/s, while the discharge and wet area may vary in a range of several orders. This phe- Accepted 20 January 2015 nomenon was studied by analyzing hydrological data, including daily average discharge, stage, cross Available online 3 August 2015 sections, and sediment concentration, collected from 25 stations on 20 rivers in China, including the Keywords: Yangtze, Yellow, Songhua, Yalu, Daling, and Liaohe Rivers. The cross-sectional average velocity was cal- Limit velocity culated from the discharge and wet area using the continuity equation. For alluvial rivers, the wet cross Alluvial river section may self-adjust in accordance with the varying flow discharge so that the flow velocity does not Self-adjustment exceed a limit value.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought in the North China Plain Over the Past 58 Years
    atmosphere Article Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought in the North China Plain over the Past 58 Years Yanqiang Cui 1, Bo Zhang 1,*, Hao Huang 1 , Jianjun Zeng 2, Xiaodan Wang 1 and Wenhui Jiao 1 1 College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (W.J.) 2 College of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of regional drought is of great significance in decision-making processes such as water resources and agricultural systems management. The North China Plain is an important grain production base in China and the most drought-prone region in the country. In this study, the monthly standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was used to monitor the spatiotemporal variation of agricultural drought in the North China Plain from 1960 to 2017. Seven spatial patterns of drought variability were identified in the North China Plain, such as Huang-Huai Plain, Lower Yangtze River Plain, Haihe Plain, Shandong Hills, Qinling Mountains Margin area, Huangshan Mountain surroundings, and Yanshan Mountain margin area. The spatial models showed different trends in different time stages, indicating that the drought conditions in the North China Plain were complex and changeable in the past 58 years. As an important agricultural area, the North China Plain needs more attention since this region shows a remarkable trend of drought and, as such, will definitely increase the water demand for Citation: Cui, Y.; Zhang, B.; Huang, H.; Zeng, J.; Wang, X.; Jiao, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Report on CCOP GSJ/AIST CGS G D T CGS G D T CCOP-GSJ
    GW‐2 Project Report on CCOP- GSJ/AIST- CGS Groun dwa ter Phase II Meeting 2-3 September 2010, Xi’an, China COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) in cooperation with GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF JAPAN (GSJ), AIST Published by CCOP Technical Secretariat Bangkok, Thailand September 2011 Youhei Uchida (Chief Editor) PREFACE Since the establishment of the CCOP in 1966, geological and geophysical surveys have been carried out by the CCOP under the cooperative schemes in the East and Southeast Asia for offshore natural resources. These data have been distributed to member countries as printed maps and publications. As for the first groundwater project, “Groundwater database in East and Southeast Asia” had been compiled under the DCGM Phase IV project of CCOP from 2001 to 2004. Groundwater is one of the limited natural resources of the world. Because of the lack a feeling of importance of groundwater, especially, in the late 20th century, groundwater has been significantly damaged by human activities, resulting in groundwater issues, such as land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and groundwater pollution by toxic substances, that have become remarkable problems in everywhere in the world. The countries in the East and Southeast Asia have been also faced the many groundwater problems which are needed international cooperation to be solved. The kick-off meeting of the Phase II for the CCOP-GSJ/AIST Groundwater project was held in Bangkok in October 2009. The agreement of the meeting was to release some kinds of hydro-geological map including the latest scientific information for the end-users at the completion of the Phase II project.
    [Show full text]
  • Kim Il Sung Reminiscences with the Century Vol. V
    Kim Il Sung Reminiscences With the Century Vol. V A Aan-ri, (V) 438 Advance Association, (V) 255 Africa, (V) 272 Amnok River, (V) 52, 83, 84, 88, 92, 131, 135, 144, 151, 163, 185, 190, 196, 197, 202, 210, 259, 260, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 319, 323, 336, 438, 441, 447 Riverine Road, (V) 102 Amur River, (V) 72, 445 An Chang Ho, (V) 252 An Chung Gun, (V) 349, 366 An Jong Suk, (V) 216, 216 An Kwang Chon, (V) 249, 252 An Tok Hun, (V) 191, 320, 321, 322 An Yong Ae, (V) 79 Anti-Communism, (V) 105, 272, 355 Anti-Factionalism (poem), (V) 237 Anti-Feudalism, (V) 375, 380 Anti-Imperialist Youth League, (V) 221, 267, 430 Anti-Japanese, (V) 3, 3, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 47, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 70, 75, 79, 82, 83,85, 92, 96, 103, 105, 108, 111, 114, 115, 122, 124, 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 156, 157, 163, 165, 170, 174, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 192, 193, 200, 204, 205, 207, 208, 221, 227, 231, 232, 233, 234, 239, 240, 241, 245, 250, 251, 255, 261, 263, 264, 265, 270, 271, 275, 279, 281, 282, 285, 294, 295, 298, 301, 304, 305, 309, 310, 312, 313, 322, 328, 334, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 353, 363, 377, 382, 384, 387, 388, 390, 392, 396, 405, 407, 421, 436, 445 Allied Army, (V) 202, 263 Association, (V) 26, 30, 209, 255, 305 Guerrilla Army of Northern Korea, (V) 306, 307 Youth Daily, (V) 228 Youth League, (V) 189, 244, 434 Anti-Manchukuo, (V) 148, 315 Anti-Soviet, (V) 274 Antu, (V) 4, 42, 47, 48, 76, 133, 138, 210, 216, 216, 325 Appeal
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Cultural Landscape Factors for Sustainable Development: a Case Study of Traditional Villages in Changbai Mountain Area
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Identification of Cultural Landscape Factors for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Traditional Villages in Changbai Mountain Area To cite this article: Qunsong Zhang et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 495 012045 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 150.65.65.118 on 27/08/2020 at 06:33 4th International Conference on Environmental and Energy Engineering (IC3E 2020) IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 495 (2020) 012045 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/495/1/012045 Identification of Cultural Landscape Factors for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Traditional Villages in Changbai Mountain Area Qunsong Zhang1,2 *, Eunyoung Kim1, Cuixia Yang2 and Fucun Cao2 1Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan 2 Landscape Architecture, School of Art & Design, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1st Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi, Dalian, Liaoning, China, P.C. 116034 *[email protected] Abstract. Cultural Landscape (CL) is a variety of manifestations of interaction between human beings and their natural environment. CL is the internal power of sustainable development(SD) and has a significant link with the development cycle system. As a carrier of living cultural heritage, traditional villages embody the regional CL formed under the comprehensive effects of natural resources, humanity history, architectural aesthetics, the integration of ethnic groups and production methods, and the symbiosis between human beings and the environment. This paper aims to study a method to identify CL factors of traditional villages based on the elements of SD in the aspects of environment, economy, society, peace and security.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Temporal-Geographic Information Systems (TGIS) for Assessing, Monitoring and Modelling Regional Water and Soil Processes
    Spatial information systems 16 An Introduction to Temporal-Geographic Information Systems (TGIS) for Assessing, Monitoring and Modelling Regional Water and Soil Processes Tim R. McVicar* Phil J. Davies†, Yang Qinke‡ and Guanglu Zhang§ Abstract In this chapter we introduce the concept of temporal-geographic information systems (TGIS). We first describe some nontemporal concepts of GIS, consider the issues of scale and of continuous and discrete data, and give a brief background to the basis of remote sensing measurements. Using the concept of the ‘data construct’ as a tool for understanding TGIS data structures, we explain the relationship between characteristics (extent, resolution and density) and domains (attribute, spatial and temporal) of each dataset. Finally, we discuss two emerging issues in TGIS: the assessment of spatial–temporal accuracy and uncertainty, and the use of metadata systems. * CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1666, Canberra 2601, Australia. Email: [email protected] † CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. ‡ Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, No. 26 Xinong Road, Yang Ling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PRC. § Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernisation, PO Box 185, Shijiazhuang 050021, PRC. McVicar, T.R., Davies, P.J., Yang Qinke and Guanglu Zhang. 2002. An introduction to temporal-geographic information systems (TGIS) for assess- ing, monitoring and modelling regional water and soil processes. In: McVicar, T.R., Li Rui, Walker, J., Fitzpatrick, R.W. and Liu Changming (eds), Regional Water and Soil Assessment for Managing Sustainable Agriculture in China and Australia, ACIAR Monograph No.
    [Show full text]