Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 324 International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2019) Characteristics and Causes of Cultural Landscape of Changbai Mountains Traditional Villages in Jilin Province Based on Regional Style and Features Qunsong Zhang Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian, China 116034 Cuixia Yang Fucun Cao Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian, China 116034 Dalian, China 116034 Abstract—As the carrier of living cultural heritage, to expand the research dimension of traditional villages. traditional villages embody the regional cultural landscape Seen from the regional features of traditional villages, this formed by the comprehensive effects of natural resources, paper analyses the forming factors of the human landscape [7] human history and the coexistence of human and environment. and the inhabiting environment of traditional villages [8], Based on the regional features of Changbai Mountains, this which is more conducive to restoring the vitality of the paper analyses the cultural landscape of 11 national traditional villages and inheriting the local regional culture. Local villages in Jilin Province, and elaborates the spatial form, tradition and memory are the foundation of the richness and residential features and intangible cultural landscape features uniqueness of regional landscape. However, in the rapid of villages from the perspective of forestry, fishing, hunting, development of urbanization, the fade and dissimilation of collection, farming and other cultural landscape, and analyzes regional culture arise because of the impact of commerce, the reasons for the formation of the characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of Jilin which hinders the dissemination and protection of regional traditional villages from the perspective of cultural landscape, features. So how to preserve and continue the original culture which is of great significance to improve and protect the rural of traditional villages is still the most important part in the human settlements environment by Changbai Mountains, Jilin current strategy of rural revitalization. Province, and to lead the revitalization of traditional villages Based on the concept of regional landscape, this paper with green development as the basis and cultural continuity as takes the national traditional villages in Jilin Province as an the core. example. Through extracting the features of the regional Keywords—regional style and features; traditional villages; landscape, from the perspective of material culture and cultural landscape; Changbai Mountains intangible culture, the characteristics and causes of the cultural landscape in traditional villages are analyzed in a multi-dimensional way. It is designed to better understand I. INTRODUCTION and protect cultural landscape of the traditional village from Regional features are not only the key factor to maintain the perspective of cultural geography, and to provide a basis the rural character of traditional villages [1], but also the for the future continuation of the features of regional precipitation of the development history of villages and the landscape. external expression of human and nature relying on history and space. It is not only the soul and core of the rural human II. RESEARCH OBJECTS AND METHODS settlement environment [2] [3], but also the focus of the cultural landscape of traditional villages, as well as the soul Changbai Mountains is one of the birthplaces of ancient of the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization. civilization in China and an important nature reserve in cold Cultural landscape is a form of human activity attached to regions at the national level. It is also an area with frequent natural landscape [4], while traditional villages are the most activities of multi-ethnic groups. Changbai Mountains’ representative regional cultural landscape [5]. Excavating the culture has a long history. Changbai Mountains is the social value of traditional villages' humanistic landscape and birthplace of Liao, Jin, Qing Dynasty and other dynasties, deep analysis of regional cultural landscape [6], it is possible and of a unique regional style. Because of its primitive natural environment, less impact of urbanization, and *Fund project: Art Science Project of National Social Science Foundation in 2017, "Research on the Construction of New Countryside relatively complete traditional villages, it has unique and the Protection of Traditional Village Culture in Northeast" (No. settlement patterns, traditional dwellings and folk culture. 17BH151). This paper takes Changbai Mountain culture as an example Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 282 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 324 to discuss the cultural landscape of traditional villages in 11 national traditional villages in the mid-east region of Jilin Changbai Mountains. The basic data of the study are from Province by Changbai Mountains. It is a region bounded by the National Space Data Cloud (www.gscloud.cn) and the Liuhe River, Huifa River, Songhua Lake and Jiaohe River 1:500000 map of Jilin Province. The data are digitized and systems to the eastern border of Jilin Province (“Fig. 1”). corrected by actual research. The Changbai Mountains “Fig. 1” shows that 10 villages are located in the eastern part System covers not only the three northeastern provinces and of Jilin Province and 1 in Jilin City in the central part of Jilin the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, but also the Russian Far Province. Most of the traditional villages are close to the East and parts of the Korean Peninsula [9]. This study covers border between China and DPRK. Fig. 1. Distribution of traditional villages in Jilin Province. For the study of regional features, the continuity between cultural landscape of traditional villages is analyzed on the different regional styles and cultures should be paid attention. basis of different levels of regional features (“Fig. 2”), the Understanding the segregation and compatibility between characteristics of cultural landscape are extracted, and the different cultures is conducive to our continuous innovation reasons for the formation of cultural landscape are discussed on the basis of our predecessors. [10] In this paper, the in depth. 283 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 324 Fig. 2. Factor analysis of regional features. Network of Human and Biosphere Reserves and was listed III. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGBAI MOUNTAINS as a world natural reserve. Due to the influence of TRADITIONAL VILLAGES OF JILIN PROVINCE FROM THE environment, topography and climate, many rivers, PERSPECTIVE OF REGIONAL STYLE AND FEATURES waterfalls and lakes are developed on the volcanic cone and lava plateau of Changbai Mountains. The Songhua River, A. Features of Natural Conditions Tumen River and Yalu River systems originate from Changbai Mountains and flow out radially (“Fig. 3”). Among them, the Songhua River system is the most important, whose basin area accounts for about 2/5 of the province's area. It has abundant water and hydraulic resources. It has built a number of large and medium-sized hydropower stations and provided a large number of industrial and agricultural water. Yalu River and Tumen River are diverted to southwest and northeast respectively, which are the Boundary Rivers between China and North Korea. Their common characteristics are large slope and large amount of water. Changbai Mountains is also very rich in forest resources. The most typical primitive forest in Changbai Mountains is "the underground forest" located on the Banks of the two rivers. In addition to rich natural resources, regional natural landscape is also quite unique, such as Changbai Mountains Tianchi, Songhua River Sanhu National Nature Reserve, Shihu National Forest Park and other scenic spots. B. Tangible Elements of Traditional Villages Fig. 3. Distribution of Water System and Traditional Villages in Changbai 1) Landscape characteristics of life and production: Mountains. The location and layout of traditional villages mostly make Changbai Mountains is a dormant volcano and the first use of natural mountains and waters to build human mountain in Northeast China with the same name as the five settlements according to local conditions, and follow the mountains in China. Changbai Mountains is also the most ancient geomancy and the philosophy of "harmony between representative natural complex in the northern part of Eurasia, man and nature". These traditional villages are basically the and is a rare "species gene pool" on the earth. [11] Therefore, landscape pattern of "8/10 area of mountain land, 1/10 area in 1980, Changbai Mountains joined the United Nations’ 284 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 324 of water land, 1/20 area of grass land and 1/20 area of Changbai Mountains, the immigrants inside Shanhai Pass farming land”. According to the spatial combination formed villages. The average elevation of the village is as characteristics of the traditional villages and their natural high as 1100 meters, with a long snowpack period. In order geographical environment in the study area, the location and to resist the cold wind and prevent mutual shelter, the layout of the traditional