Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project
Contents E2712 V4
7 ASSESSMENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION IMPACT ...... 248
Public Disclosure Authorized 7.1 GENERAL ...... 248 7.1.1 Assessment standard...... 248 7.1.2 Analysis to major vibration sources ...... 248 7.2 ASSESSMENT TO PRESENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION ...... 249 7.2.1 Introduction to present status of Environmental vibration ...... 249 7.2.2 Measurement of present status of Environmental vibration ...... 249 7.2.3 Measurement results and analysis of present environmental vibration...... 250 7.3 ASSESSMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION FORECAST...... 250 7.3.1 Forecast method ...... 250 7.3.2 Forecast specifications ...... 253 7.3.3 Forecast outcomes and analysis of environmental vibration...... 253 7.4 MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS TO PREVENT VIBRATION POLLUTION ...... 254 Public Disclosure Authorized 7.4.1 Urban planning and management measures ...... 254 7.4.2 Operation management measures...... 254 7.5 ANALYSIS AND MEASURES OF VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 255 7.5.1 Analysis to the vibration effects of construction machineries...... 255 7.5.2 Analysis to the vibration effects of blast working ...... 255 7.5.3 Vibration control measures during the construction period...... 256 7.6 ANALYSIS TO THE VIBRATION EFFECT CAUSED BY CONSTRUCTION ON CULTURAL RELICS AND HISTORIC SITES ....261 7.7 CONCLUSION ...... 261 7.7.1 Present status assessment ...... 261 7.7.2 Forecast assessment ...... 261 7.7.3 Assessment to vibration during the construction period...... 261 Public Disclosure Authorized 7.7.4 Measures and suggestions to prevent vibration pollution ...... 262
8 ASSESSMENT TO IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT...... 248
8.1 GENERAL ...... 248 8.1.1 Assessment contents...... 248 8.1.2 Assessment factors ...... 248 8.1.3 Forecast method ...... 248 8.2 INVENTORY SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT TO THE SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 250 8.2.1 General conditions of water areas along the line...... 250 8.2.2 Present status of water quality of master streams along the line...... 251 8.2.3 Relative position of drinking-water source protected areas in counties and cities along the line and the railway...... 253
Public Disclosure Authorized 8.3 ASSESSMENT TO IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT DURING THE OPERATION PERIOD ...... 256 8.3.1 Inventory survey to existing pollution sources...... 256 8.3.2 Conditions of newly increased sewage at all stations along the line...... 256 8.3.3 Predictive analysis to the newly increased pollutants in sewage discharged from stations ...... 260 8.3.4 Review and suggestions to the designed sewage disposal program ...... 263 8.3.5 Statistics of water pollutant discharge amount along the full line...... 267
China Academy of Railway Science 1 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8.3.6 Water pollution prevention measures and investment estimate during the operation period...... 271 8.4 ANALYSIS TO IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 274 8.4.1 Impact of bridge construction on water environment and its prevention measures ...... 274 8.4.2 Impact of tunnel construction on water environment and its prevention measures...... 279 8.4.3 Impact of construction camp sewage on environment ...... 287 8.4.4 Sewage from washing of construction machineries and vehicles ...... 287 8.4.5 Prevention measures and suggestions to water pollution during the construction period ...... 288 8.5 ANALYSIS TO THE IMPACT ON PROTECTED DRINKING-WATER SOURCE ...... 289 8.5.1 Jilin drinking water protection area ...... 289 8.5.2 Jiaohe source water protection area ...... 294 8.6 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT...... 297
9 ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENTS...... 299
9.1 GENERAL ...... 299 9.1.1 Scope of assessment...... 299 9.1.2 Content of assessment work...... 299 9.1.3 Assessment standard...... 300 9.1.4 EMI overview of electrified railway...... 301 9.1.5 Overview of sensitive points...... 301 9.2 STATUS QUO OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 307 9.2.1 Monitoring of the status quo...... 307 9.2.2 Monitoring results and assessment...... 308 9.3 ELECTROMAGNETISM ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE PREDICTION EVALUATION ...... 312 9.3.1 Electromagnetism pollution source characteristics...... 312 9.3.2 Impact prediction...... 318 9.3.3 Electromagnetic environmental impact assessment...... 320 9.4 TREATMENT MEASUREMENT...... 321 9.4.1 Treatment measurement of impact on TV watching...... 321 9.4.2 The traction substation affects the treatment measurements ...... 326 9.4.3 GSM-R the radiation protection for the base station...... 327 9.5 ASSESSMENT SUMMARY ...... 327
10. THE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...... 329
10.1 GENERAL...... 329 10.1.1 Assessment contents...... 329 10.1.2 Assessment standard...... 329 10.1.3 The assessment factors...... 329 10.1.4 Calculation methods of pollutants ...... 330 10.2 ANALYSIS ON WASTE GAS EMISSION DURING OPERATION PERIOD...... 331 10.2.1 Analysis on waste gas emission of existing pollutants ...... 331 10.2.2 Analysis on newly added atmospheric pollution sources...... 331 10.2.3 Analysis on pollutants changing ...... 333 10.2.4 Atmospheric pollution control measures ...... 334 10.2.5 Estimation on investment of atmospheric pollution treatment...... 334 10.3 ANALYSIS ON ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN CONSTRUCTION PERIOD...... 335 10.3.1 Analysis on waste gas from construction...... 335 10.3.2 Impacts analysis on waste gas from construction...... 335
China Academy of Railway Science 2 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 10.3.3 Measures and suggests for waste gas treatment in construction process...... 336 10.4 SUMMARY ...... 337
11. IMPACT OF THE SOLID WASTE...... 338
11.1 GENERAL...... 338 11.2 IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE DURING CONSTRUCTION...... 338 11.3 IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE DURING OPERATION ...... 338 11.3.1 Cinder from the boiler ...... 338 11.3.2 Domestic garbage by the new staff ...... 339 11.3.3 Garbage discharged in the passenger train...... 340 11.4 DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE...... 342 11.5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...... 342
12. CLEAN PRODUCTION, TOTAL AMOUNT OF POLLUTANT AND CONTROL...... 344
12.1 CLEAN PRODUCTION ...... 344 12.2 CONTROL ON TOTAL EMISSION OF POLLUTANT ...... 345
13 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ...... 347
13.1 GENERAL...... 347 13.1.1 Basis of public involvement ...... 347 13.1.2 Purpose of public involvement...... 347 13.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...... 347 13.2.1 Respondents of the survey...... 347 13.2.2 Method of involvement...... 348 13.2.3 Result of survey among the public ...... 350 13.3 RESULT ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY ...... 356 13.4 FEEDBACK FROM THE PUBLIC AND MEASURES...... 363 13.5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...... 365 13.5.1 Conclusion ...... 365 13.5.2 Suggestion...... 366
14. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSES...... 367
14.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT’S LAND ACQUISITION, DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 367 14.1.1 Number and class of the project’s land acquisition...... 367 14.1.2 The number and type of demolition...... 368 14.1.3 The principles of land acquisition, demolition and migrate resettlement...... 368 14.1.4 Analysis of the impact on the residents’ quality of life ...... 373 14.2 THE ANALYSIS OF IMPACT ON SOCIAL ECONOMY ...... 373 14.2.1 Is needed for the implementation of regional cooperation in Tumen River...... 373 14.2.2 It is badly needed for strengthening the international cooperation, development and the construction of a Bai'e-Landrace-Changtu international channel ...... 374 14.2.3 It is the need for stimulating domestic demand and ensuring the economic growth...... 374 14.2.4 It is used to meet transportation needs and optimize transportation structure along the line...... 374 14.2.5 It is the necessary needs for the construction of economic society and sustainable development...... 375 14.2.6 It is needed to increase the economy along the line, promote national solidarity and enforce the Chang-Tu access...... 375 14.3 ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT’S IMPACT ON THE HISTORICAL RELICS OF THE MAO’ER MT. GRAVEYARD AND THE
China Academy of Railway Science 3 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project LONGTANSHANCHENG...... 375 14.3.1 The introduction of the historical relics of the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and the Longtanshancheng ...... 375 14.3.2 Locations of the project, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng relics...... 378 14.3.3 The project passes through the cultural relic’s protection area...... 380 14.3.4 Analysis of the effects of the Project in the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng relics...... 381 14.4 CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT...... 382 14.5 CONCLUSIONS...... 383
15 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES...... 384
15.1 BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 384 15.1.1 Direct benefits...... 384 15.1.2 Indirect benefits ...... 384 15.2 LOSS ANALYSIS ...... 386 15.2.1 Direct investment ...... 386 15.2.2 Indirect losses ...... 386 15.3 THE ECONOMIC COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: ...... 386 15.3.1 Environmental economic cost-benefit analysis:...... 386 15.4 CONCLUSION ...... 387
16 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND EMERGENCY PLAN ...... 387
16.1 ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF THE RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION ...... 387 16.2 THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY PLANNING ...... 388 16.2.1 Working principles...... 388 16.2.2 The basis of compilation ...... 389 16.2.3 Scope of application...... 390 16.3 EMERGENCY INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RESCUE NETWORK...... 390 16.3.1 Institutional framework and responsibilities ...... 390 16.3.2 Emergency rescue network ...... 391 16.4 PREVENTION AND EARLY-WARNING MECHANISM ...... 392 16.4.1 Prevention and early-warning information ...... 392 16.4.2 Prevention and early-warning actions...... 392 16.4.3 Prevention and early-warning supporting system ...... 392 16.5 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ...... 392 16.5.1 Classifications of emergency plans...... 392 16.5.2 The content of the accident report ...... 392 16.5.3 The accident information submission ...... 393 16.5.4 Launch of the emergency pre-arranged plan...... 393 16.5.5 Environmental monitoring...... 393 16.6 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION ...... 393 16.7 NEWS REPORTING:...... 393 16.8 EMERGENCY GUARANTEE...... 393 16.9 THE ACCIDENT’S AFTERMATH...... 393
17 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 394
17.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT...... 394 17.1.1 Environment management in pre-construction...... 394 17.1.2 Environment management in construction period ...... 394
China Academy of Railway Science 4 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 17.1.3 Environment management in the running period...... 397 17.2 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ...... 400 17.2.1 Monitoring purpose ...... 400 17.2.2 Monitoring work and organization body ...... 400 17.2.3 Monitoring plan...... 401 17.2.4 Environment protection staff training...... 405 17.3 ENVIRONMENT SUPERVISION IN THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 405 17.3.1 Environment supervision target in the construction period...... 405 17.3.2 Range of environment supervision in the construction period...... 406 17.3.3 Content and method of environment supervision as well as measure effects...... 406 17.3.4 Execution manner and content of environment protection supervision ...... 408 17.3.5 Training of environment protection personnel ...... 408
18 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES AND INVESTMENT ESTIMATES...... 410
18.1 ECOLOGICAL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 410 18.2 NOISE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 417 18.3 VIBRATION TREATMENT MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 418 18.4 WATER POLLUTION TREATMENT MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS...... 418 18.5 ELECTROMAGNETISM TREATMENT MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 419 18.6 SOLID WASTE TREATMENT MEASURES ...... 419 18.7 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION INVESTMENT ESTIMATES...... 420 18.7.1 Investment estimate for ecological environment protection engineering...... 420 18.7.2 Investment estimate for protection engineering of sound environment and vibration environment ...... 424 18.7.3 Water environment protection work and its investment estimate...... 425 18.7.4 Investment estimate for electromagnetic protective measures...... 426 18.7.5 Environment estimate for environment protection engineering...... 426
19 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT...... 427
19.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW...... 427 19.2 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ...... 428 19. 2. 1 Assessment on the current situation of environment along the line ...... 428 19.2.2 Assessment on the predicted environmental impact...... 429 19. 2. 3 Mitigation measures ...... 430 19.3 SPECIAL ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ON THE MIJIANG SALMON PROTECTION AREA ...... 432 19.3.1 Project overview in sensitive areas...... 432 19.3.2 Assessment of current situation ...... 432 19.3.3 Assessment on predicted ecological environment impact...... 432 19.3.4 Protection management of ecological environment...... 432 19.3.5 Mitigation measures ...... 433 19.3.6 Conclusion ...... 433 19.4 SPECIAL ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ON THE SONGHUAJIANG 3-LAKE NATURAL PROTECTION ZONE ...... 433 19.4.1 Assessment of current situation ...... 433 19.4.2 Impact Analysis...... 433 19.4.3 Mitigation measures ...... 434 19.4.4 Conclusion ...... 435
China Academy of Railway Science 5 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 19.5 SPECIAL ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ON THE ANTU TRICHOLOMA MATSUTAKE PROTECTION AREA ...... 435 19.5.1 Assessment of current situation ...... 435 19.5.2 Impact analysis ...... 435 19.5.3 Mitigation measures ...... 436 19.5.4 Conclusion ...... 436 19.6 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF SOUND ENVIRONMENT IMPACT...... 436 19.6.1 Assessment of current situation ...... 436 19.6.2 Prediction and assessment...... 438 19. 6. 3 Control measures and program of noise pollution ...... 440 19.7 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATION IMPACT ...... 441 19.7.1 Assessment of current situation ...... 441 19.7.2 Prediction and assessment...... 441 19.7.3 Assessment on vibration during the construction period...... 441 19.7.4 Control measures and suggestions of vibration pollution ...... 441 19.8 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ...... 442 19.9 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT IMPACT...... 443 19.9.1 Assessment conclusion of current situation ...... 443 19.9.2 Predicted assessment and conclusion...... 444 19.9.3 Mitigation measures ...... 444 19.10 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION ON IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ...... 444 19.11 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION ON IMPACT OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 445 19.11.1 Conclusion ...... 445 19.11.2 Suggestions ...... 445 19.12 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS OF ASSESSMENT ...... 446
China Academy of Railway Science 6 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 7 Assessments to environmental vibration impact
7.1 General
According to the previous research findings, vibration impact caused by train running won’t go beyond 60m on both sides of the rail; so in consideration of the Project characteristics and geologic conditions, domain for assessment to this Project is limited within 60m on both sides of the rail. 7.1.1 Assessment standard
1. Assessment to present status Present status of sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway is being affected by vibration of the existing railway. Present status assessment shall conform to the standard that vibration "on both sides of the trunk railway" shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. Present status of sensitive points on both sides of the newly built railway is not affected by railway vibration, and present status assessment of it follows the standard that vibration in "residential areas and educational areas" shall be limited within 70dB by day and 67dB at night stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. 2. Forecast assessment
Forecast assessment shall conform to the standard that vibration “on both sides of the trunk railway” shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. In conclusion, limitation of assessment criteria for environmental vibration in this Project is shown in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 Assessment Criteria for Environmental Vibration Impact
Classification of Standard Standard name Applicable scope standard limitation 70dBA in Residential and daytime and Present environment unaffected by vibration of educational GB10070-88 67dBA in the existing railway areas Standard of night Vibration in Urban 80dBA in Present environment affected by vibration of the Both sides of Area Environment daytime and existing railway; residential areas on both sides of the trunk 80dBA in the railway 30m from the center line of the outer railway night rail 7.1.2 Analysis to major vibration sources
Environmental vibration on both sides of the existing railway mainly comes from the vibration effect of the existing railway; Environmental vibration on both sides of the newly built railway mainly comes from random vibrations caused by road traffic and crowd activities. At the completion of this Project, there will also be vibration caused by running of train. It comes from vibration caused when wheels strike the steel rail during running of the train, and is transmitted to ground buildings through sleeper, road bed, subgrade (or bridge structures), causing building vibration.
China Academy of Railway Science 248 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 7.2 Assessment to present status of Environmental vibration
7.2.1 Introduction to present status of Environmental vibration
There are rural areas and urban suburbs along the line in this Project. Environmental vibration impact on the present status mainly comes from various random vibration caused by road traffic and crowd activities in villages as well as vibration caused by running of trains on the existing railway. According to the engineering design document and field investigation outcomes, Objects for protection of vibration environment along the line are listed in Table 1 of Annex 4. 7.2.2 Measurement of present status of Environmental vibration
1. Measurement methods and instruments (1) Measurement method Survey of present Environmental vibration is grade Z in the direction of plumb. Present status measurement of the existing railway shall conform to the measuring method of "railway vibration" stipulated in GB10071-88 Measurement Method of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area and TB/T3152-2007 Measurement of Railway Environmental Vibration. Measuring points shall be selected on the smooth and solid ground 0.5m outside of buildings, or in the middle on the floor inside buildings when necessary. Read the maximum figures displayed when a train passes. Measure 20 successive times for each measuring point, and finally take the arithmetical mean of these 20 times as the assessment value.
Measurement of newly built railway shall be conducted at 6:00~22:00 by day and 22:00 at night to 6:00 of the following day; measurement shall be done once by day and at night respectively. Measuring methods and assessment value shall conform to the "random vibration" in GB10071-88 Measurement Method of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area, which is to say, "to read the instant display of each measuring point with equal interval. Sampling interval shall not be greater than 5s, and the continuous measurement time shall not be shorter than 1000s; VLZ10 value of the measurement data will be taken as the assessment value."
(2) Measurement instruments Environmental vibration measurement employs AWA6256B+ type environmental vibration analyzers, which have been subject to electric property verification and calibration in order to guarantee the accuracy of measurement. 2. Executive plan for present status measurement
(1) Measurement stationing Points of present measurement of environmental vibration are mainly distributed in residences, schools and other sensitive buildings; meanwhile, in consideration of the demands to environmental vibration forecast, the measurement data shall not only reflect the existing environment in the assessment area, but also provide data base for railway vibration forecast and vibration pollution prevention.
(2) Distribution of measurement points of present environmental vibration Measuring points shall be arranged according to the line conditions and distribution of environmental protection objectives based on field inspection and investigation.76 measuring points are arranged for the environmental vibration assessment in this Project. See Table 2 for the location description of measurement points and
China Academy of Railway Science 249 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project measurement results of present environmental vibration; details are shown in Table 2 of Annex 4. 7.2.3 Measurement results and analysis of present environmental vibration
According to the measurement results of present vibration status along the line, the following conclusion can be drawn: 1. Sensitive points on both sides of the newly built railway There are 68 vibration sensitive points within the assessment domain on both sides of the newly built railway. All of them are inside residential areas. Present environmental vibration impact mainly comes from different random vibration caused by road traffic and crowd activities inside villages. Present value for environmental vibration is 50.0~52.1dB by day and 48.0~50.2dB at night, which all conform to the standard that vibration shall be limited within 70dB by day and 67dB at night in "residential and educational areas" stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment.
2. Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway There are 8 vibration sensitive points within the assessment domain on both sides of the existing railway. All of them are distributed in residential areas. The present environment is mainly affected by existing railway vibration. Present environmental vibration value is 63.6~79.8dB, which meets the standard that vibration shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night on "both sides of the trunk railway" stipulated in (GB10070-88) Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. 7.3 Assessment to environmental vibration forecast
7.3.1 Forecast method
According to the present research findings at home and abroad, railway vibration is mainly generated by wheeltrack incitation during running of trains. It’s directly related with rail conditions, train running velocity, train type, gross rail load on axle, geologic conditions etc. Due to the complex mechanism of environmental vibration impact during running of trains, forecast of vibration effect in this Project adopts the following formula:
n = 1 ()+ VLZ ∑ VLZ 0,i Ci n i=1 (Formula 7-1)
Wherein, VLZ0,i —— Vibration source intensity, maximum Z weighting vibration level when a train passes; unit: dB;
Ci —— Vibration correction term of class i train, unit: dB; n —— Number of trains passing by.
Vibration correction term Ci can be calculated according to the following formula.
Ci = CV + CW + CL+ CR + CG + CD +CB (Formula 7-2)
Wherein: CV —— Velocity correction; unit: dB;
CW—— Axle load correction; unit: dB;
CL—— Line type correction; unit: dB;
CR—— Rail type correction; unit: dB;
China Academy of Railway Science 250 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project CG—— Geology correction; unit: dB;
CD—— Distance correction; unit: dB;
CB—— Building type correction; unit: dB.
1. Vibration source intensity VLZ0,i Vibration source intensity is mainly related with train type, load, velocity, bridge structure, geologic conditions etc. Assessment of vibration source intensity of trains in this Project shall follow the railway vibration source intensity established in the notice on printing and distribution of Guidance for Value Selection of Noise Vibration Source Intensity and Its Abatement Criteria in Environmental Impact Assessment of Railway Construction Project (Revised Version in 2010) (TJ [2010] No. 44); see Table7-2 and Table 7-3 for details.
Table 7-2 Vibration Source Intensity of CRH unit: dB Road embankment lines Bridge lines Train speed Ballast track Ballast track 160 76.0 67.5 170 76.5 68.0 180 77.0 69.0 190 77.5 69.5 200 78.0 70.5 210 78.5 71.5 220 79.0 72.5 230 79.5 73.5 240 80.0 74.0 250 80.5 74.5 Line conditions: high-speed railway, seamless, 60kg/m steel rail; rail surface is in good condition; concrete sleeper, flat; road embankment lines; bridge lines are box beam with bridge width being 13.4m. Geologic condition: alluvial deposit. Axle load: 16t.
Location of reference point: ground surface 30m away from the rail center.
Table 7-3 Vibration Source Intensity of Passenger Trains at 160km/h or below
Speed 50~70 80~110 120 Source intensity 76.5 77.0 77.5 Line condition: class railway or high-speed railway, seamless, 60kg/m steel rail; rail surface is in good condition; concrete sleeper, road bed with tiny stones and coal; flat, road embankment lines; source intensity value of bridge lines can be got by deducting 3dB from the value in the above table.
Axle load: 21t. Geologic condition: alluvial deposit.
Location of reference point: ground surface 30m away from the rail center.
2. Velocity correction CV
China Academy of Railway Science 251 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Velocity correction of train running vibration has been reflected in the vibration source intensity in Table 7-2 and Table 7-3.
3. Distance attenuation correction CD
Distance attenuation correction CD shall be calculated according to the following formula. d C = − k lg10 D R d o (Formula 7-3)
Wherein, do —— Reference distance; unit: m; d —— Distance from the predicted position to rail center line; unit is m; kR —— Distance correction factor, related with line structure; when d 30m, kR =1; when 30m 4. Axle load correction CW Axle load correction CW shall be calculated according to the following formula. W C = lg20 W W o (Formula 7-4) Wherein, W0—— Referenced axle load; unit is t; W —— Predicted axle load of trains; unit is t. 5. Geology correction CG There may be certain attenuation of environmental vibration propagation due to different geologic conditions; usually, only geological conditions 10m underground will be considered in attenuation computation. According to the impact on propagation of vibration, geologic conditions can be classified into three, namely soft layer, alluvial deposit and diluvium. Geology correction of diluvium against alluvial deposit: Soft layer correction against alluvial deposit: The road section where the rail to be built is going to pass is basically alluvial deposit, so geology correction CG = 0dB. 6. Line type correction CL Within 30 ~ 60m from the rail center line, for the alluvial deposit, road cut vibration of high-speed railways against road embankment lines is CL= 0dB. 7. Rail type correction CR Rail without tiny stones or coals on high-speed railway is relative to: CR = -3dB 8. Building type correction CB The place which is 0.5m outside different buildings responds differently to vibration. Generally, various buildings can be grouped into three kinds for correction: Class I buildings are fine foundation, frame structures and high-rise buildings, CB -10dB; China Academy of Railway Science 252 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Class II buildings are moderate foundation, brick wall structures and middle-level buildings, CB - 5dB; Class III buildings are ordinary foundation and flats, CB 0dB. 7.3.2 Forecast specifications 1. Forecast year Forecast will be conducted in the near future in 2020 and in 2030 in the far future. Major difference lying between near forecast and far forecast is the increase of traffic density, which is actually not very much related with railway vibration, so assessment in this time will only show the predictive value in the near future in 2020. 2. Running speed of train According to the design data, target speed of passenger trains on the main line of this Project is 250km/h; Designed speed of passenger trains on Changchun-Tumen and Longtanshan-Shulan line is 120km/h, and designed speed of freight trains is 80km/h. Predicted speed at all sensitive points shall refer to the practical running speed of trains. 3. Axle load of train According to the design data, axle load of CRH in this assessment is 16t. 4. Rail works According to the design data, main line of this Project is designed according to ___; Changchun- Tumen and Longtanshan-Shulan line is designed in the light of heavy rail with ____ structure. Seamless line straddling intervals will be laid on the whole line. 7.3.3 Forecast outcomes and analysis of environmental vibration 1. Forecast outcomes and analysis According to the traffic density and train running velocity at the section where the vibration sensitive points are located along the line as well as the distance from the predicted position to the railway, the forecast outcomes are shown in Table 3 and details are show in Table 3 of Annex 4. According to the forecast outcomes, at the sensitive points 30m near the boundary of the railway to be built in the near future (2020) and 30m away from the outer rail center line, outdoor environmental vibration source mainly comes from vibration caused by running of trains, and predictive value of environmental vibration is 60.3~79.5dB, which can all meet the standard that vibration shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night on "both sides of the trunk railway" stipulated in Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment (GB10070-88). Predictive value of vibration at the sensitive points on both sides of the newly built railway is 5.1~20.2dB and 15.1~30.2dB greater than the present value by day and at night respectively; Vibration caused by running of freight trains on the existing railway is significant, while after completion of this Project, vibration caused by running of CRH is reduced compared with that, so predictive value of vibration China Academy of Railway Science 253 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project at the sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway is 0.5~4.6dB and 0.5~4.0dB less than the present value by day and at night respectively. 2. Forecast to vibration effect scope Standard distance for the interval vibration effect of typical lines on ground surface along the lines within the design year is predicted according to the environmental vibration standard and project characteristics in this assessment, as shown in Table 7-4. Table 7-4 Standard Distance for Vibration Effect on Ground Surface along the Line unit: m Interval Type of lines Standard distance (80dB) Road embankment <30 Jilin-Yanji Bridge <30 Road embankment <30 Yanji- Hunchun Bridge <30 Note: 1. Environmental condition of forecast is clear site unblocked by any structures. 2. Standard distance for the rail is the horizontal distance from the outer rail center line. From the results in the above stated Table, at the places which are 30m from the outer rail center line of the railway to be built, predictive value of environmental vibration can meet the standard that vibration shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night on "both sides of the trunk railway" stipulated in Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment (GB10070-88). 7.4 Measures and suggestions to prevent vibration pollution In order to alleviate the disturbance of railway vibration to surrounding ground surface and structures, measures and suggestions to prevent vibration pollution will be proposed from the following several aspects based on the forecast assessment and analysis results with the principle of technical and economic feasibility: 7.4.1 Urban planning and management measures According to the standard distance for vibration effect listed in Table 7-4, urban planning and administrative departments are suggested to make reasonable planning and use of the regions on both sides of the railway; it’s not advisable to build residential areas, schools, hospitals and other structures which are sensitive to vibration in the areas 30m on both sides of the new railway, and existing structures shall not be reconstructed and expanded. 7.4.2 Operation management measures Lines and wheel track conditions during the operation period are directly related with the size of railway vibration. Favorable wheeltrack conditions with smooth rail surface and rounding wheels can make vibration 5~10dB lower than that under general line conditions. Therefore, it’s necessary to regrind rail surface and maintain the rails to prevent them from being deformed after the rails are put into use to guarantee the leveling and smoothness of wheeltrack surface as well as its favorable running status and decrease extra vibration. China Academy of Railway Science 254 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 7.5 Analysis and measures of vibration environment impact during construction period 7.5.1 Analysis to the vibration effects of construction machineries 1. Vibration pollution sources Vibration pollution of railway construction mainly comes from vibration caused by operation of construction machineries and equipment, such as large excavators (soil), air compressors, drillers, pile drivers, oscillatory mode compactors and so on. Emphasis to control vibration during construction period shall be concentrated on the intensive residential areas near the construction site. 2. Vibration source strength of construction machineries Vibration source strength of major construction machineries during the construction period is shown in Table 7-5. Table 7-5 Vibration Value of Construction Machineries and Equipment (VLz/dB) Distance from the vibration source Construction machineries 5 10 20 30 Diesel pile driver 104~106 98~99 88~92 83~88 Vibration pile hammer 100 93 86 83 Jackhammer 88~92 83~85 78 73~75 Excavator 82~94 78~80 74~76 69~71 Road roller 86 82 77 71 Air compressor 84~86 81 74~78 70~76 Bulldozer 83 79 74 69 Heavy transport vehicle 80~82 74~76 69~71 64~66 3. Analysis to the vibration effects of construction machineries From the Table it’s obvious that among the construction machineries listed above, vibration strength of pile driver is the largest. Vibration generated by construction machineries decreases along with the increase of distance. Except heavy vibrating machines, vibration generated by other mechanical equipment is generally lower than 80dB at the place 30m from the vibration source, which is to say, vibration caused by ordinary construction machineries won’t impose such great impact and its impact is temporary which will disappear at the completion of construction. 7.5.2 Analysis to the vibration effects of blast working 1. Standard to execute blast working Vibration caused by tunnel blast working may result in strain cracking of structures on the top of the tunnel lying shallowly, which will affect the safety of sensitive structures near the construction site. According to the Safety Regulations for Blasting (GB6722-2003), maximum vibration velocity vertical at the surface will be the criteria for destruction. Permissible safety criteria for buildings with different structures are listed in Table 7-6. Tunnel construction of this Project is mainly concentrated in mountainous area, and structures involved are mainly class structures with moderate deep foundation, so it's suggested that particles oscillating acceleration of safe blast working shall follow the control standard for "earth cave dwellings, adobes and rubble housings". China Academy of Railway Science 255 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 7-6 Permissible criteria for blast vibration safety (GB6722-2003) Safe permissible vibration speed No. Type of protected objects 10Hz 10Hz 50Hz 50H 100Hz 1 Earth cave dwellings, adobes, rubble housings 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.5 2 Ordinary brick houses, non-aseismatic large block structures 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.7 3.0 3 Housings with reinforced concrete framework 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.2 5.0 4 Ordinary antique buildings and historic sites 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 2. Analysis to the vibration effects of blast working Different structures have different safety criterion for blast vibration, and amount of explosives used in blast working can also affect blast vibration greatly. In order to ensure the safety of structures near the construction yard, during the construction in the tunnels with structures on the top, unit in charge of construction shall make serious investigation to the building structures top on the tunnel and take necessary measures for prevention, measurement or strengthening of buildings and control the consumption of explosives strictly. As required by the Safety Regulations for Blasting, permissible distance for safe blast vibration is calculated according to the following formula: 1/α 1/3 R = (K / ) QV R—— Distance from the blasting source to the protected object, m; K —— Blasting points and calculation of coefficient and attenuation index related with the topography and geology to the protected objects; Q—— Amount of explosives, total explosive charge for simultaneous blasting and maximum explosive charge for delay blasting, kg; V—— Permissible vibration velocity for blast vibration safety, cm/s. It's suggested that blast designers shall select corresponding permissible safe vibration velocity according to the specific conditions of buildings in the blast areas and sensitive areas (points) based on the control standard suggested above, and determine the explosive charge parameters according to the standard or trial blasting and figure out the explosive charge based on the permissible safe distance. 7.5.3 Vibration control measures during the construction period 1. Vibration control measures for construction machineries The following measures shall be taken to alleviate the vibration pollution and effect caused by construction on environment: (1) Proper layout at the construction site: layout of the construction site shall follow the criteria listed below while guaranteeing the construction convenience: 1) Fixed manufacture site (such as manufacture site for girders) shall be located at the places far away from the sensitive points such as residences and schools. 2) Transport lines for construction vehicles (especially heavy vehicles) shall evade from the sensitive points of vibration as far as possible; 3) Construction machineries which can generate strong vibration shall be placed 30m away from the sensitive points of vibration, in case vibration affects the environment of nearby sensitive points. (2) Arrange the construction time reasonably. Pile drivers, ramming type road rollers and other strongly-vibratory China Academy of Railway Science 256 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project machineries shall not be used during night construction (22:00 06:00) at the sensitive points near residential areas. (3) Conduct scientific management; do well in propaganda and civilized construction; improve the builders’ environmental awareness; advocate civilized construction vigorously and try not to aggravate construction vibration manually. (4) Strengthen the supervision and management to construction environment. Besides execution of relevant control measures, environmental management shall also be strengthened. According to the relevant laws and regulations of the state and cities along the line, the construction unit shall accept the supervision and management from environmental protection departments actively. (5) There are 52 vibration sensitive points along the line of this Project which are nearer to the railroad bridge or tunnel portal (shorter than 60m). See Table 7-7 for details. During the construction period, excavation of pier base and tunnel blast working will impose great vibration effect on these sensitive points, so measurement to the vibration environment of these sensitive points shall be strengthened during the construction period. Table 7-7 Table of Vibration Environment Measurement at Sensitive Points during Construction Period Position Administrative relative No. Name of sensitive points Mileage Distance division to the line Huaxi Yayuan, Xinchang On the Jilin city 3 CK001+820~CK002+150 15 North District right Zhushi Juyi District, On the 5 CK001+100~CK001+800 30 Liaodong Area 1 left On the CTCK129+450~CTCK130+150 30 left 7 Yongan Village On the CK002+740~CK003+300 30 right On 8 Luchang Village CK003+540~CK003+700 both 30 sides On 10 Tiantai Village 1 CK005+900~CK006+700 both 10 sides On 14 East Huangshan Juzi CK008+230~CK009+630 both 10 sides On 4th Brigade of Gaojia 15 CK011+440~CK011+870 both 10 Wazi sides On 16 2nd Brigade of Xiaochuan CK012+280~CK013+000 both 10 sides On 17 3rd Brigade of Xiaochuan CK013+150~CK013+650 both 17 sides On 19 6th Brigade of Xiaochuan CK014+760~CK015+830 both 20 sides China Academy of Railway Science 257 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Position Administrative relative No. Name of sensitive points Mileage Distance division to the line On 20 5th Brigade of Beichuan CK016+530~CK016+920 both 12 sides On the 21 3rd Brigade of Zhongsha CK017+700~CK018+600 20 right On the 25 North Cigou CK027+500~CK027+600 30 right On 27 Xinkai Hetun CK034+700~CK036+075 both 10 sides On 31 Taiping Village CK059+470~CK060+000 both 10 sides On 32 Xide Hegou CK061+520~CK061+900 both 10 sides On 33 Tumiaozi CK069+600~CK069+860 both 10 sides On 34 Beigou CK073+910~CK074+850 both 10 sides On 35 Nangou CK078+810~CK079+150 both 10 sides On the 36 Fuqiang Village CK082+950~CK083+130 10 right CK093+340~ chain rupture On the 39 1st Brigade of Houliu 30 CK091+250 right On 6th Brigade of Weiguang 40 CK105+420~CK105+650 both 10 (Damalugou) (Erdaokou) sides th On 4 Brigade of Weiguang 41 CK106+900~CK107+200 both 10 (Erdaokou) sides Yanbian On the 42 Liushugou CK151+850~CK152+750 11 Korean left Autonomous On the 43 Tiebei CK152+750~CK153+150 25 Prefecture left On the 44 Tiexi CK153+400~CK153+800 10 right On the 45 Aimin Lane, Bohai Street CK154+030~CK154+160 12 right On the 50 Changjiang Village CK157+020~CK157+420 10 right On the 52 Yaoweizigou Village 2 CK158+000~CK158+200 10 left China Academy of Railway Science 258 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Position Administrative relative No. Name of sensitive points Mileage Distance division to the line Agricultural Machinery On the 62 CK202+280~CK202+400 30 Station right On 63 Longshan Village CK213+355~CK213+550 both 10 sides On 66 Hexi Village CK217+050~CK217+750 both 12 sides On 72 Sishui Village CK248+620~CK248+720 both 12 sides On 73 Yongchang Village CK249+730~CK249+820 both 20 sides On 75 Changshoudong Village CK254+220~CK254+620 both 30 sides On 76 Fumindong Village CK255+830~CK256+230 both 13 sides On the 80 Taidong 3rd Brigade CK262+900~CK263+120 17 right On 83 Jiangcheng Village CK264+780~CK265+400 both 11 sides On 85 Minzhu 5th Brigade CK267+790~CK267+910 both 11 sides On the 87 Xiaoying Town CK268+980~CK269+120 16 left On 89 Dacheng Village CK273+250~CK273+950 both 12 sides On 92 Xingan Town CK274+100~CK275+250 both 10 sides th On Hongqi 4 Brigade, 93 st CK275+400~CK275+600 both 13 Dongxing 1 Brigade sides On 94 Dongxing 2nd Brigade CK276+080~CK276+730 both 13 sides On Guangji Village 1st & 2nd 96 CK279+670~CK280+040 both 25 Brigade sides China Academy of Railway Science 259 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Position Administrative relative No. Name of sensitive points Mileage Distance division to the line On Mopan Village 6th 97 CK282+870~CK283+175 both 14 Brigade sides On Mopan Village 3rd 98 CK283+290~CK283+530 both 13 Brigade sides Mopan Village 4th On the 99 CK283+910~CK284+090 24 Brigade left On the 101 Bajiazi Village CK307+170~CK307+680 15 right Guanmenzuzi 4th & 5th On the 105 CK353+100~CK353+530 12 Brigade left On the 106 Fuxin 1st Brigade CK357+000~CK357+100 19 right On 107 Jingbian 2nd Brigade CK358+750~CK359+000 both 16 sides 2. Vibration control measures for blast working (1) In order to ensure the safety of ground structures, there shall be a measurement institution set up during the construction to strengthen surveillance and test to the protective equipment and buildings and adjust the explosive charge according to the testing results. Nearby buildings shall be timely transferred if there are potential safety hazards. (2) Control the maximum explosive charge strictly and arrange the ignition order reasonably to control the vibration velocity strictly within the permissible safety range of ground structures. If the safety of buildings is threatened when the explosive charge needs to be increased according to the technical requirements, the sensitive buildings shall be relocated before explosion to ensure the safety of people. (3) Presplitting blasting or smooth blasting is preferred. If there are conditions, low explosive (2000 2500m/s) can be used. These measures can reduce the vibration intensity by more than 50%. (4) Try to create favorable air face for breaking-in shot. It’s advisable to use multi-layer wedge cuts or cylinder layered cuts. In order to decrease the vibration effect caused by breaking-in shot, the breaking-in position shall be placed at the bottom. Explosive charge for the cuts, corners, and bottom plates shall be controlled strictly. (5) The blasting time shall be arranged reasonably to decrease the disturbance to nearby residents. Blasting at night is forbidden in the places with sensitive areas. (6) The construction unit shall do well in propaganda. Before blasting each time, make pre-arranged planning for safety precautions and promulgate a notice to reassure the public to alleviate or eliminate people’s "sense of fear" so that they can make preparations mentally; take necessary safety protection measures. China Academy of Railway Science 260 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 7.6 Analysis to the vibration effect caused by construction on cultural relics and historic sites Recommended program of this Project passes through the construction control zone of three cultural relics namely, the ruins of Yongan 3rd Brigade, the ruins of Luchang food patch and Pianlianshan Mount Monuments. Excessive vibration caused by the construction of the railway project can impose certain impacts on the ruins and monuments. There is strong unpredictability underneath these ruins and monuments; the hollow space underneath some pottery caves and grave areas are easily subject to vibration which causes damages or collapses. Cross-domains in this Project mainly adopt long bridges, which can alleviate the impact of railway construction on underground relics. In addition, effective design is adopted to steer by the protected zone of the ancient city in Dongtuanshan Mount. and Maoershan Mount. Monuments. Besides, there is extra large bridge from CK355 to CK360, which can alleviate the impacts on relics and ruins greatly. Long tunnel is adopted in the section passing the south part of Longtanshan Mount. City, which is deep underground; besides, the tunnel is far away from the protected zone of Longtanshan Mount. City, so it won’t impose great impact on the Mount. City. 7.7 Conclusion There are altogether 76 vibration sensitive points along the whole line in this Project, and all of them are residential areas. 7.7.1 Present status assessment 1. Sensitive points on both sides of the newly built railway There are altogether 68 vibration sensitive points within the assessment domain on both sides of the newly built railway. Present value of environmental vibration is 50.0 52.1dB by day and 48.0 50.2dB at night, which all conform to the standard limitation in "residential and educational areas" stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. 2. Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway There are 8 vibration sensitive points in the assessment domain on both sides of the existing railway, and the present value of environmental vibration is 63.6 79.8dB, which meets the standard limitation on "both sides of the trunk railway" stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. 7.7.2 Forecast assessment Within the assessment domain of this Project, predictive value of environmental vibration is 60.3 79.5dB, which can meet the standard that vibration shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night on "both sides of the trunk railway" stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. In the place 30m from the outer rail center line of the railroad to be built in this Project, predictive value of environmental vibration can also meet the standard that vibration shall be limited within 80dB by day and at night on "both sides of the trunk railway" stipulated in GB10070-88 Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment. 7.7.3 Assessment to vibration during the construction period Use of different facilities during the construction period may generate certain vibration, but the impact of vibration on environment can be effectively controlled through proper layout of the construction site, scientific China Academy of Railway Science 261 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project management, appropriate propaganda, civilized construction and reasonable arrangement of construction time. For vibration caused by blast working, safety measurement to the adjacent structures shall be strengthened in order to ensure the safety of nearby residents. Impact of environmental vibration on the surrounding environment during the construction period is temporary, and it will disappear after the construction. 7.7.4 Measures and suggestions to prevent vibration pollution Targeted prevention measures and suggestions are proposed in urban planning and operation management in this assessment. Adoption of these measures can reduce the interference effect of railway vibration on nearby ground surface, structures and crowds. In conclusion, impacts caused by vibration in this Project on environment can be reduced to the lowest through adopting effective management and control measures. China Academy of Railway Science 262 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8 Assessment to impact on water environment 8.1 General Nine stations are involved in this Project, of which eight is newly built, including West Jiaohe Station, North Weihuling Sattion, Dunhua Station, South Dashitou Station, West Antu Station, West Yanji Station, North Liangshui station, and North Hunchun station; one (Tumen) is reconstructed from the existing station. The existing station Dunhua Station will be dismantled and rebuilt. Newly increased water consumption in this Project is 1032.2m3/d; newly increased discharge of sewage is 180.05m3/d; water for passenger trains can be filled at the newly built West Yanji Station, which is the station with the largest water consumption and discharge of sewage, 556m3/d and 124.6m3/d respectively. 8.1.1 Assessment contents During the construction period of this Project, assessment to impact on water environment means the evaluation to the impact on water environment caused by waste water discharged in bridge and tunnel construction and the construction yard as well as domestic sewage discharged in the construction camp; During the operation period, the assessment is mainly targeted at the impact on surrounding water environment caused by domestic sewage discharged by all stations. Assessment contents include: (1) Investigation and assessment to the present status of water environment quality along the line; (2) Analyze the environmental impact caused by waste water effluent at the stations along the line according to the newly increased discharge of sewage, nature of pollutants, discharge concentration, and drainage destination in all stations. (3) Assess the rationality of the designed sewage disposal program and propose relevant abatement measures according to the criteria of "standard discharge, and control of total amount". (4) Summarize the newly increased waste water discharge amount along the full line. (5) Assess the impact on sensitive waters such as the drinking-water source protected zone along the line. 8.1.2 Assessment factors Water discharge along the line is mainly domestic sewage discharged from all stations. According to the railway operation nature and sewage discharge characteristics, pH, CODCr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N can be used as the assessment factors. 8.1.3 Forecast method (1) Present status assessment method China Academy of Railway Science 248 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Standard index method can be used to assess the domestic sewage quality in all stations and sections along the line according to the inventory survey outcomes. The expression of standard index method is: C , = i j Si , j Csi Wherein: Si,j—— Standard index of pollutants; Ci,j—— Measured concentration of pollutants (mg/L); Csi—— Effluent standard of pollutions (mg/ L). (2) Statistics of pollutant discharge amount The formula is as follows: -6 Wi= Ci×Qi×365×10 Wherein: Wi—— Pollutant discharge amount (t/a); Ci—— Pollutant concentration (mg/ L); 3 Qi—— Discharge of sewage (m /d). (3) Forecast assessment method Discharge of sewage can be determined according to the design data; concentration of pollutants can be drawn through analogy to similar stations and relevant researches. Standard index method will be used for assessment according to the designed treatment process and drainage destination referring to corresponding emission standard. Existing and newly increased sewage in this Project is mainly domestic sewage, which is discharged from various stations, office houses and so on; key pollutants are pH, CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N and SS. Quality of domestic sewage discharged from various stations along the line shall refer to the mean value in the water quality measurement statistics of small and medium stations stated in the Experimental Investigation of Intensified Primary Treatment to Domestic Sewage from Small and Medium Railway Stations issued by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Railways in 2003. See table 8-1-1 for water quality data. Table 8-1-1 Information about Quality of Domestic Sewage from Small and Medium Railway Stations unit: mg/L Pollutants Item pH CODCr SS BOD5 NH3-N Value 7.4 202.8 78 75.3 13 China Academy of Railway Science 249 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8.2 Inventory survey and assessment to the surface water environment 8.2.1 General conditions of water areas along the line This Project passes through the water system of the Songhua River and basin of the Tumen River, where there are complex hydrological conditions and plenty of streams, mainly including the Songhua River, Jiaohe River, Mudanjiang River, Gayahe River, Buer Hatong River, Mijianghe River and Hunchun River. According to Functional Regions of Surface Water in Jilin Province (DB22/ 388-2004) division of functional regions of major water environment along the line is shown in Table 8-2-1. Table 8-2-1 Division of Functional Regions of the Water Environment of Major Surface Water Body along the Line Target Administrative Name of Type of planned Line passing mode Scope water districts water body functional regions and times quality Majia Village Drinking-water Songhuajiang Class With bridge to pass Jilin city Songjiang source, industrial River II-III it; 1 times Large Bridge water area Small Jiaohe Class With bridge to pass Jiaohe city Jiaohe River River estuary Buffer area III it; 1 times – estuary Source – Water Songhuajiang Class With bridge to pass Dunhua city Dachuan conservation area River II it; 1 times Village at the source East Huancheng Mudangjiang Agricultural water Class With bridge to pass Dunhua city Road Bridge – River are V it; 2 times Huangni River Estuary Dashitou Agricultural water Class With bridge to pass Dunhua city Shahe River Town- Estuary are III it; 1 times Liangbing Agricultural water, Buerhatong Town – drinking-water Class With bridge to pass Antu city River Chaoyanghe source, industrial II-III it; 4 times River Estuary water areas Yanji Source – Drinking-water Class With bridge to pass Yanji city River Estuary source II-III it; 2 times Dongxing Railway Gaya Class With bridge to pass Tumen city Bridge – Buer Transition area River IV it; 1 times Hatong Estuary China Academy of Railway Science 250 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Target Administrative Name of Type of planned Line passing mode Scope water districts water body functional regions and times quality No bridge, sewage Hunchun is discharged to Industrial water, Hunchun Large Bridge Class Chedarengou River, Hunchun city agricultural water River – Sanjiazi IV and runs into area Town Hunchun River at 13km Note: According to the endorsement of NBY [2009] No. 34 Decree issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on April 28, 2009, the Hunchun River Hunchun Large Bridge Sanjiazi Town reach belongs to the national aquatic germplasm resource Salmon protected zone of the Hunchun River. 8.2.2 Present status of water quality of master streams along the line Water quality of major streams along the line is generally in good condition, and can basically meet the division requirements of corresponding functional regions, but water body near cities is severely polluted. Major water bodies along the line include the Songhua River, Jiaohe River, Mudanjiang River, Buer Hatong River, Gayahe River and Hunchun River. There are bridges across all rivers except the Hunchun River. According to the daily measurement data issued by the environmental protection department of cities along the line (2009 Jilin Environment Quality Report, Environment Quality Report of the Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian, as well as the Technical Report on Delineating (Adjusting) Surface Water and Drinking Water Protection Areas of Jilin City (July 2010), and Technical Report on Division and Adjustment of Drinking Water Protection Area in Jiaohe City (September 2008)), present water quality of the above stated rivers will respectively adopt the daily measurement data in recent years of the Songhua River (1-4 water works water catchment in Jilin City), section of the 2nd water source of Lafa River, Dunhua upper section of the Mudanjiang River, Baye Bridge section of the Gayahe River and Hunchunhe Large Bridge. Specific water quality status is shown in the Table below; river measurement sections are shown in Figure 8-2-1: Table 8-2-2 Table of Present Water Quality of Master Streams along the Line unit: mg/L Water Ammonia River sections pH COD BOD stage mn 5 nitrogen GB3838-2002 II class 6~9 4 3 0.5 GB3838-2002 III class 6~9 6 4 1.0 The Songhuajiang River (1-4 water The works water whole 7.69 4.03 1.00 0.19 catchment of Jilin year City) Lafa River 2nd water Dry 6.98 0.99 0.49 0.30 source section season Level 7.40 4.86 3.40 0.15 period China Academy of Railway Science 251 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Rainy 7.72 3.21 1.97 0.47 period Dry 6.80~7.16 2.45~25.99 *~14.40 0.09~10.75 season Dunhua upper Level section of the 6.61~7.02 4.80~6.69 2.10~3.40 0.087~1.12 period Mudanjiang River Rainy 6.83~7.02 5.05~7.25 2.30~3.70 0.15~1.64 period Dry 7.16~7.39 4.78~9.93 4.30~6.00 1.22~1.48 season Baye Bridge section Level 7.68~8.13 6.15~8.26 3.80~5.20 0.13~0.20 of the Gayahe River period Rainy 7.54~7.75 5.10~5.85 4.00~6.00 0.19~0.29 period The Hunchunhe Large 0.146~0.46 whole 7.31~7.49 2.40~5.00 * Bridge section 9 year Note: Data from the quarterly report and monthly report of water environment of Jilin Province and routine measurement data provided by Jilin City, and Yanbian Prefecture environmental protection bureau along the line; * means N.D. According to Table 8-2-2, the Songhua River (1-4 water works water catchment of Jilin), Lafa River 2nd water source section and Hunchunhe Large Bridge section can basically reach class II water standard; Dunhua upper section of the Mudanjiang River can basically meet the requirements of class III water standard; Baye Bridge section of the Gayahe River has not reached class III water standard yet, mainly because CODMn and BOD5 are over proof. Fig. 8-2-1 Present Water Quality Measurement Sections of Major Water Bodies along the Line Lafa Mount. National Forest Park Water Source Measurement Section 2 491.000m Jiaoxi Tunnel 2 (491.000m) Dunhua upper measurement section of the China Academy of Railway Science 252 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Mudanjiang River Extra Large Bridge on the Mudanjiang River DK157+935 DK157+935 Baye Bridge section of the Gayahe River Hunchunhe Large Bridge measurement section North of Hunchun 8.2.3 Relative position of drinking-water source protected areas in counties and cities along the line and the railway Relative position of drinking-water source distribution in counties and cities along the line and the railway is shown in Table 8-2-3. Table 8-2-3 Table of General Conditions of Drinking-water Source Protected Area along the Line and Its Relative Position with the Railway Line Counties and cities it’s Name of water General conditions of water source Relative position with subordinated source protected area railway to No. 1, 2, 3, 4 and railway water works water sources are divided into different protected areas according to (2010. 7) Technical The railway passes Report on Division (Adjustment) of through class 2 Drinking water Surface Water and Drinking Water protected area for protection area Protection Area of Jilin City, namely, 0.89km in the form of of Jilin City class 1 protected area, class 2 a bridge at section protected area and standard CK2+330- CK3+220 protected area; their area is 4.16km2, 28.94km2 and 318.24km2 Jilin city respectively. According to the Technical Report The railway passes on Division and Adjustment of through the standard Drinking Water Protection Area in protected area for Jiaohe City (2008. 9), this water 11.67km (with short Source water source area is divided into Jiaohe chain) of Lafa River protection area River water source area and Lafa water source area in of Jiaohe City River water source area in class 1 the form of bridge, protected area, class 2 protected tunnel and subgrade area and the standard protected at section CK48+060- area respectively CK60+730 The shortest distance 1st drinking Approved by JZH [2008] No. 52 from the railway to its Yanbian water protection issued by Jilin People’s standard protected Prefecture area of Dunhua Government; total area is area is longer than City 1352.17km2 2.9km, so there is no obvious influence China Academy of Railway Science 253 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Counties and cities it’s Name of water General conditions of water source Relative position with subordinated source protected area railway to This water protection area is groundwater reservoir protected The shortest distance area which covers an area of from the railway to its Water source 6.7km2; it’s divided into class 1 standard protected area in the east protected area, class 2 protected area is longer than of Hunchun City area and standard protected area; 1.5km, so there is no the radius 40m from the center of obvious influence the exploitation well belongs to class 1 protected area This line passes through class 2 protected area of Jilin drinking water protection area, the standard protected area of Lafa River Water Source Area of Jiaohe source water protection area, and the relationship between other sections to the watering point in urban water source area of Chaoyang River, Yanji River, Fuxing River, and Buer Hatong River is as follows: (1) Chaoyang River Chaoyang River Sandaowan Town to Wudao Reservoir dam site is the drinking-water source and fishery water area of Yanji City; its water quality goal is class II-III; Wudao Reservoir dam site to the estuary is the agricultural water area of Yanji City and Longjing City; its water quality goal is class III; Wudao Reservoir is the source water protection area of Yanji City. The downstream boundary of class 1 protected area is the dam site of the Reservoir. The dam water is transported to Baishi Water Treatment Plant in the downtown area through pipes. When the pipes are being repaired, the water plant can draw water from the Buer Hatong River to the temporary reservoir. The railway spans the Chaoyang River through Chaoyang River Extra Large Bridge at about 22.6km downstream of the reservoir dam site, which has no great influence on the water protection area; The station is lying at about 1.5km upstream of the watering point of Buer Hatong River of the temporary reservoir of the downtown water plant. (2) Yanji River At present, water can be supplied by the only water treatment plant, Baishi Water Treatment Plant in Yanji City, for daily use. Besides, Yanji Water Treatment Plant is under construction, which is located at about 1.5 kilometers east of Juzi Street and north of the line. Water supply to the water plant is from the upstream of the Yanji River north of the highway, which is more than 5km from the water plant, and the railway is lying at about 6.5km in the downstream of the watering point. Ji- hun Passenger Dedicated Line does not pass through the water supply line from the watering point to the water plant, and it only crosses with the outfall pipe of the water plant. (3) Fuxing River The section from the source of Fuxing River to the estuary is the drinking-water source, agricultural water area and fishery water area; its water quality goal is class II-III. There is Antu Reservoir in Fuxing River basin, which is the drinking water protection area of Antu County; the downstream boundary of class 1 protected area is the reservoir dam site. The railway spans Fuxing River China Academy of Railway Science 254 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project through Antu Extra Large Bridge at about 3.6km of the downstream of Antu Reservoir dam site, which imposes no influence on the water protection area. (4) Buer Hatong River The river reach of the Buer Hatong River from Liangbing Town to the estuary of Chaoyang River is the agricultural water area, drinking-water source and industrial water area of Antu County and Longjing City. Besides Mingyue Town within the territory of Antu County, there is also Liangbing Town and Shimen Town along the Buer Hatong River, and Laotougou Town and Tongfosi Town of Longjing City along the Buer Hatong River. 1) Liangbing Town lies on the south side of the Buer Hatong River, and the existing Changchun- Tumen Railway passes through the Town. There is no station for Ji-hun Passenger Dedicated Line in Liangbing Town and the railway lies to the north of 302 National Highway on the north side of the Buer Hatong River and it does not span over the Buer Hatong River. The railway spans over the branch of Buer Hatong River and is 1km from the watering point of Liangbing Town at the basin of the Buer Hatong River. 2) Shimen Town is located on the north side of the Buer Hatong River. The existing 302 National Highway passes just through the Town, and the existing Changchun-Tumen Railway is adjacent to the town and passes by its south; There is no station for Ji-hun Passenger Dedicated Line in Shimen Town; the railway passes by the south side of the Buer Hatong River and does not span over the Buer Hatong River; the railway spans over the branch of the Buer Hatong River and is more than 4km from the watering point of Shimen Town at the basin of the Buer Hatong River. 3) Laotougou Town is located on the north side of the Buer Hatong River, and the existing 302 National Highway and Changchun-Tumen Railway pass through the Town; Ji-hun Passenger Dedicated Line passes by the northeast side which is about 7km to the Buer Hatong River in Laotougou Town; it is far away from the downtown area of Laotougou Town, and is more than 7km from the watering point of Laotougou Town at Buer Hatong River basin. 4) Tongfosi Town is located on the south side of the Buer Hatong River, and the existing 302 National Highway and Changchun-Tumen Railway pass through the Town; Ji-hun Passenger Dedicated Line passes by the northeast side which is about 5.5km to the Buer Hatong River in Tongfosi Town; it is far away from the downtown area of Tongfosi Town, and is more than 5.5km from the watering point of Tongfosi Town at Buer Hatong River basin. Therefore, the railway section along the Buer Hatong River is far from the watering points of all towns, and will not impose influence on the drinking-water source. China Academy of Railway Science 255 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8.3 Assessment to impact on water environment during the operation period 8.3.1 Inventory survey to existing pollution sources Along the line, one existing station, Tumen Station, is reconstructed, and the existing Dunhua Station will be dismantled and built again; existing total water consumption is 175m3/d, and the gross displacement tonnage is 140m3/d. Table 8-3-1 Table of Sewage Discharge along the Existing Line Unit: m3/d Name of Water Water Processing Discharge No. station consumption discharge technology adopted destination Dunhua Septic-tank and oil Dunhua municipal 1 75 60 Station separation tank sewage pipe net Tumen Septic-tank and oil Municipal sewage 2 railway 100 80 separation tank pipe net station Total / 175 140 / / According to the statistics of water quality measurement information in small and medium stations as stated in the Experimental Investigation of Intensified Primary Treatment to Domestic Sewage from Small and Medium Railway Stations issued by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Railways in 2003 as well as the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978- 1996), the discharge concentration of domestic sewage pollutants in the existing station areas satisfies the requirements of class 3 standard; see Table 8-3-2. Table 8-3-2 Conditions of Existing Sewage Quality at Dunhua Station and Tumen Station Pollutants Ammonia Pollution factors pH COD SS BOD Cr 5 nitrogen Sewage pollutant concentration (mg/l) 7.4 202.8 78 75.3 13 Standard (mg/l) 6 9 500 400 300 / Standard index / 0.41 0.20 0.25 / Pollutant discharge amount (t/a) / 10.36 3.99 3.85 0.664 8.3.2 Conditions of newly increased sewage at all stations along the line There are two domestic water supply stations (one is existing and the other is newly built) at stations of this Project; seven domestic water supply stations are newly built; newly increased water consumption is 1032.2m3/d and newly increased discharge amount is 180.05m3/d. Among the newly increased water discharge, except the high concentration fecal sewage at West Yanji Station, others are all domestic sewage with the key pollutants being SS, CODCr, BOD5 and NH3-H.Water discharge and sewage disposal conditions at stations along the line are shown in Table 8-3-3. China Academy of Railway Science 256 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 8-3-3 Newly Increased Sewage Discharge Conditions at Stations along the Line unit: m3/d Newly increased total water Newly Management consumption Sewage Voluntary Fire increased Sewage Processing objective of No. Station discharge standard for Greening demand water nature technology receiving destination discharge Life Production and Production discharge waters others Class 3 Municipal pipe standard of Septic-tank West network, to the Domestic and oil 1 Jiaohe 20.2 0 29.5 49.7 216 10.05 sewage Integrated / sewage separation Station treatment Wastewater tank plant finally Discharge Standard Septic-tank, oil separation North For greening Not Domestic tank, and 2 Weihuling 2.3 0 7.0 9.3 36 1.7 at station discharged / sewage anaerobic Sattion areas out filtration container Class 3 Municipal pipe standard of Septic-tank network, to the Dunhua Domestic and oil 3 28.9 0 135.2 164.1 216 16 sewage Integrated / Station sewage separation treatment Wastewater tank plant finally Discharge Standard Septic-tank, oil separation South For greening Not Domestic tank, and 4 Dashitou 2.2 0 5.5 7.7 36 1.9 at station discharged / sewage anaerobic Station areas out filtration container China Academy of Railway Science 257 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Newly increased total water Newly Management consumption Sewage Voluntary Fire increased Sewage Processing objective of No. Station discharge standard for Greening demand water nature technology receiving destination discharge Life Production and Production discharge waters others Class 3 Municipal pipe standard of Septic-tank West network, to the Domestic and oil 5 Antu 7.7 0 20.6 28.3 216 4.7 sewage Integrated / sewage separation Station treatment Wastewater tank plant finally Discharge Standard Discharged to Efficient Class 1 High nearby Anaerobic standard of concentration West ditches, and tank, SBR, the fecal 6 Yanji 14.8 0 526.4 541.2 288 124.6 running into septic tank, Integrated Class III sewage, Station the Buer Oil Wastewater domestic Hatong River separation Discharge sewage finally tank Standard Class 3 Municipal pipe standard of Septic-tank network, to the Tumen Domestic and oil 7 21.9 0 39.7 61.6 216 10.85 sewage Integrated / station sewage separation treatment Wastewater tank plant finally Discharge Standard Septic-tank, oil separation North For greening Not Domestic tank, and 8 Liangshui 1.3 0 4.5 5.8 36 1.05 at station discharged / sewage anaerobic station areas out filtration container China Academy of Railway Science 258 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Newly increased total water Newly Management consumption Sewage Voluntary Fire increased Sewage Processing objective of No. Station discharge standard for Greening demand water nature technology receiving destination discharge Life Production and Production discharge waters others Discharged to Class 1 the standard of Septic-tank, North Chedarengou the Domestic oil separation 9 Hunchun 15.4 0 34.4 49.8 216 9.2 River and Integrated Class IV sewage tank, and station running to the Wastewater SBR Hunchun Discharge River finally Standard Total 114.7 0 802.8 917.5 1476 180.05 / / / / / China Academy of Railway Science 259 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8.3.3 Predictive analysis to the newly increased pollutants in sewage discharged from stations (1) West Jiaohe Station, Dunhua Station, West Antu Station and Tumen Station West Jiaohe Station and West Antu Station are newly built tank stations; waste water is mainly domestic sewage from station areas which will be discharged to the municipal pipe network after pretreatment at the septic tank. The existing Dunhua Station will be dismantled and built again this time. The newly built station will combine the parking of Ordinary Speed Train and Passenger Dedicated Line together, and the freight operation station will be transferred to the existing Daqiao Station. Combination of the parking of Ordinary Speed Train and Passenger Dedicated Line as well as separation of passenger trains and freight trains will improve the water environment at the station area of the existing Dunhua Station. Newly increased sewage at the station area will be discharged to the municipal pipe network after pretreatment at the septic tank. Tumen Station is an existing station. Newly increased sewage at the station area will be discharged into the municipal pipe network after pretreatment at the septic tank. Processing technology: Domestic sewage septic tank + oil separation tank existing sewage pipe network sewage treatment plant in Jiaohe City discharged to the Jiaohe River finally Water quality of newly increased domestic sewage from the above four stations shall refer to the water quality measurement statistics of small and medium stations stated in the research project Experimental Investigation of Intensified Primary Treatment to Domestic Sewage from Small and Medium Railway Stations issued by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Railways in 2003. The discharge concentration of sewage pollutants is shown in Table 8-3-4. Table 8-3-4 Quality Conditions of Newly Increased Sewage Pollutants mg/l Ammonia Pollution factors pH COD SS BOD Cr 5 nitrogen Sewage pollutant concentration (mg/l) 7.4 202.8 78 75.3 13 Class 3 standard of Integrated Wastewater 6~9 500 400 300 / Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) (mg/l) Standard index / 0.41 0.2 0.25 / Pollutant discharge amount (t/a) / 3.08 1.18 1.14 0.197 From Table 8-3-4, it’s obvious that quality of newly increased sewage at these four stations can meet class 3 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). (2) North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station, North Liangshui station North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station are newly increased domestic water supply stations of this line; designed newly increased sewage is 1.7m3/d, 1.9m3/d, and 1.05m3/d respectively; all are domestic sewage. China Academy of Railway Science 260 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project According to the engineering design, sewage at these 3 stations will be subject to the pretreatment at the septic tank and oil separation tank and the further treatment with anaerobic filtration container; then it will be used for greening at the station area and will not be discharged out. The treatment process is shown in Figure 8-3-1: Fig. 8-3-1 Figure of Treatment Process with Anaerobic Filtration Container Structures Sewage Septic-tank Anaerobic filtration container Biogas processing unit Discharging well During the treatment process of anaerobic filtration container, it will generate certain temperature. Because it’s frigid in Northeast China in winter, it shall be buried deeper than that in other areas. At present, such process has been used for sewage disposal at part of the stations of Harbin-Dalian Railway and Yimin-Yiershi Railway. This process is adequate for the disposal of sewage with medium and small discharge, and its expected treatment effect is: Removal rate of SS is 55%; removal rate of COD is 65%; removal rate of BOD5 is 70%; removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 45%.Water quality after treatment is shown in Table 8-3-5. Table 8-3-5 Quality of Newly Increased Sewage at the Three Stations Including North Weihuling Sattion Pollutants (mg/l) Ammonia Pollution factors pH COD SS BOD Cr 5 nitrogen Sewage concentration before treatment (mg/l) 7.4 202.8 78 75.3 13 Sewage concentration after treatment (mg/l) 7.4 71.0 35.1 22.6 7.2 “Dry farming” standard of Water Quality 5.5 8.5 200 100 100 / Standard for Farm Irrigation From the above Table, it’s obvious that there is less domestic sewage discharged from North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station. It’s can be used for greening at the station areas after treatment with anaerobic filtration container referring to the “dry farming” standard of Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005). China Academy of Railway Science 261 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (3) West Yanji Station West Yanji Station is a newly built tank station. There is 1 CRH storage park within the research area, and 6 CRH storage tracks will be set up in the near future; the CRH storage park can hold 12 motor train units (8 motor train units marshalling); CRH storage park adopts mobile pollutant discharge mode, and there are 4 mobile pollutant discharge vehicles. Before discharged to the nearby ditches and the Buer Hatong River finally, fecal sewage from West Yanji Station will be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank, waste water from the boiler room will be subject to pretreatment at the boiler blow-down cooling well, oil-contaminated water will be subject to pretreatment at the oil separation tank, and the high concentration fecal sewage from the storage track will be subject to pretreatment at the efficient anaerobic tank, and then subject to SBR sewage treatment process. Water quality of high concentration fecal sewage from CRH storage park can be drawn through analogy to the information about water quality of sewage of inter-city trains from Tianjin to Beijing. Expected treatment effect of SBR: Removal rate of SS is 70% 80%; removal rate of CODCr is 80% 95%; removal rate of BOD5 is 80% 90%; removal rate of NH3-N is 60% 70%; data about water quality of sewage is shown in Table 8-3-6. Table 8-3-6 Water Quality of Domestic Sewage and Fecal Sewage unit: mg/L Pollutant pH COD SS BOD Measurement point Cr 5 Fecal sewage (quality at the pollutant discharge 7~9 5000 1200 2500 tank) Fecal sewage (water quality after pretreatment at 7~9 2000 500 1000 the septic tank) Pollutant concentration of domestic sewage (mg/l) 7.4 202.8 78 75.3 Sewage concentration after SBR treatment (mg/l) 6~9 56.2 36.5 17.9 Class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater 6~9 100 70 20 Discharge Standard Pollutant discharge amount (t/a) / 2.56 1.66 0.81 From Table 8-3-6 it’s observed that the high concentration fecal sewage of this Project will be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank and efficient anaerobic tank, and then subject to SBR treatment process together with other domestic sewage after pretreatment so that it can reach class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard; then it will be discharged to the nearby ditches and finally runs into the Buer Hatong River. (4) North Hunchun station Designed water discharge at North Hunchun station in this Project is 9.2m3/d. Fecal sewage after pretreatment at the septic tank, waste water from the boiler room after pretreatment at the boiler blow-down cooling well, and oil-contaminated water after pretreatment at the oil separation tank will be discharged to the sewage pipe network at the station. All the sewage (waste water) will be subject to SBR treatment process and then used for greening at the station areas. The rest part will be discharged to the Chedarengou River and finally it will run into the Hunchun River. Hunchun River section is the industrial water area and agricultural water area of Hunchun City. Water quality China Academy of Railway Science 262 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project control goal is class . But in 2009, this section of the Hunchun River had been approved as the Salmon national aquatic germplasm resource protected area by the Ministry of Agriculture, so its water quality shall be controlled seriously. Expected treatment effect of SBR: Removal rate of SS is 70% 80%; removal rate of CODCr is 80% 95%; removal rate of BOD5 is 80% 90%; removal rate of NH3-N is 60% 70%; Water quality after treatment is shown in Table 8-3-7. Table 8-3-7 Quality of Newly Increased Sewage at North Hunchun station Pollutants (mg/l) Ammonia Pollution factors pH COD SS BOD Cr 5 nitrogen Sewage concentration before treatment 7.4 202.8 78 75.3 13 (mg/l) Sewage concentration after treatment 7.4 25.4 19.5 11.3 4.6 (mg/l) Class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater 6~9 100 70 20 15 Discharge Standard Pollutant discharge amount (t/a) / 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.015 From the above table it’s obvious that domestic sewage generated at North Hunchun station can meet class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) after SBR treatment; according to the assessment, sewage after treatment can be used for greening at the station areas and the rest part can be discharged to the Chedarengou River. 8.3.4 Review and suggestions to the designed sewage disposal program (1) West Jiaohe Station, Dunhua Station, West Antu Station and Tumen Station Newly increased sewage from West Jiaohe Station and West Antu Station can meet class 3 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) after treatment at the septic tank and oil separation tank, and will be discharged to the municipal pipe network and finally runs into the sewage treatment plant; so the designed measures are feasible. The existing Dunhua Station will be dismantled and built again in this Project. The newly built station will combine the parking of Ordinary Speed Train and Passenger Dedicated Line together, and the freight operation station will be transferred to the existing Daqiao Station. Combination of the parking of Ordinary Speed Train and Passenger Dedicated Line as well as separation of passenger trains and freight trains will improve the water environment at the station area of the existing Dunhua Station. Newly increased sewage can meet class 3 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) after treatment at the septic tank and oil separation tank, and will be discharged to the municipal pipe network and finally runs into the sewage treatment plant; so the designed measures are feasible. Existing sewage discharged from Tumen Station is about 80m3/d, which is mainly domestic sewage from station areas. After pretreatment at the septic tank, the water quality can reach class 3 emission standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996); then it will be discharged China Academy of Railway Science 263 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project to the municipal pipe network together with the newly increased domestic sewage and finally runs into the sewage treatment plant. (2) North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station, North Liangshui station Newly increased domestic sewage discharged from North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station can meet the dry farming standard of Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) and be used for greening at the station areas after pretreatment at the septic tank and oil separation tank as well as further treatment by anaerobic filtration container. It will not be discharged out, so it will impose no impact on the water environment along the line. (3) West Yanji Station West Yanji Station is a newly built tank station. There is on CRH Storage Park in the research area. Before discharged to the nearby ditches and the Buer Hatong River finally (class water body), fecal sewage will be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank, waste water from the boiler room will be subject to pretreatment at the boiler blowdown cooling well, oil-contaminated water will be subject to pretreatment at the oil separation tank, and the high concentration fecal sewage disposal from the storage track will be subject to pretreatment at the efficient anaerobic tank, and then subject to SBR sewage disposal treatment process so that they can reach class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. The designed measures are feasible. (4) North Hunchun station Fecal sewage from North Hunchun station after pretreatment at the septic tank, waste water from the boiler room after pretreatment at the boiler blow-down cooling well, and oil-contaminated water after pretreatment at the oil separation tank will be discharged to the sewage pipe network at the station. All the sewage (waste water) will be subject to SBR treatment process and then used for greening at the station areas. The rest part will be discharged to the Chedarengou River and finally it will run into the Hunchun River. This section of the Hunchun River is the industrial water area and agricultural water area of Hunchun City and water quality control goal is class .In consideration that the Hunchun River is the protected area of salmon, so the emission standard shall be strictly controlled. According to the assessment, newly increased sewage from this station can meet class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) after SBR process treatment. Water after treatment can firstly be used for greening at the station area, and the rest water can be discharged to the Chedarengou River. The designed measures are feasible. In conclusion, domestic sewage from stations along the whole line can all meet corresponding emission standard after adequate treatment. Details about sewage disposal measures and discharge destination are shown in Table 8-3-8. Table 8-3-8 (1) Effluent Treatment Program at Stations along the Line China Academy of Railway Science 264 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Assessment and suggestions Newly Designed treatment Nature of to sewage Voluntary Station increased measures and discharge No. discharged disposal standard for name discharge destination of newly water measures discharge (m3/d) increased sewage and its discharge destination Class 3 Treatment by septic tank standard of + Oil separation tank; West Agree with the Domestic discharged to the 1 Jiaohe 10.05 the design Integrated sewage municipal pipe network; Station program Wastewater finally running into the Discharge sewage treatment plant Standard Treatment by the septic tank + Oil separation North Agree with Not Domestic tank + Anaerobic 2 Weihuling 1.7 the design discharged sewage filtration container; then Sattion program out used for greening at the station area Class 3 Treatment by septic tank standard of + Oil separation tank; Agree with the Domestic discharged to the 3 Dunhua 16 the design Integrated sewage municipal pipe network; program Wastewater finally running into the Discharge sewage treatment plant Standard Treatment by the septic tank + Oil separation South Agree with Not Domestic tank + Anaerobic 4 Dashitou 1.9 the design discharged sewage filtration container; then Station program out used for greening at the station area Class 3 Treatment by septic tank standard of + Oil separation tank; West Agree with the Domestic discharged to the 5 Antu 4.7 the design Integrated sewage municipal pipe network; Station program Wastewater finally running into the Discharge sewage treatment plant Standard Treatment by the Class 1 High efficient Anaerobic tank, standard of concentration septic tank + Oil West Agree with the fecal separation tank +SBR 6 Yanji 124.6 the design Integrated sewage, treatment; discharged to Station program Wastewater domestic the nearby ditches; Discharge sewage running into the Buer Standard Hatong River finally China Academy of Railway Science 265 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Assessment and suggestions Newly Designed treatment Nature of to sewage Voluntary Station increased measures and discharge No. discharged disposal standard for name discharge destination of newly water measures discharge (m3/d) increased sewage and its discharge destination Class 3 Treatment by septic tank standard of + Oil separation tank; Agree with the Tumen Domestic discharged to the 7 10.85 the design Integrated station sewage municipal pipe network; program Wastewater finally running into the Discharge sewage treatment plant Standard Treatment by the septic tank + Oil separation North Agree with Not Domestic tank + Anaerobic 8 Liangshui 1.05 the design discharged sewage filtration container; then station program out used for greening at the station area Treatment by the septic tank + Oil separation Class 1 tank +SBR treatment; standard of discharged into the North Agree with the Domestic Chedarengou River; 9 Hunchun 9.2 the design Integrated sewage running into the Hunchun station program Wastewater River finally (the Discharge Hunchun River is the Standard protected area of salmon) Total 180.05 / / / / Details about the scale of sewage disposal, occupied land area, layout and size of the septic tank at all stations are shown in Table 8-3-8 (2); Table 8-3-8 (2) Conditions of Sewage Treatment Installations at all Stations and Sewage Treatment Plants in Towns along the Line Occupied land area of Newly Sewage sewage treatment Station increased disposal No. installations and Remaks name discharge scale conditions of the septic (m3/d) (m3/h) tank The sewage treatment West Four 4m3 septic tanks; plant is under 1 Jiaohe 10.05 / two 12m3 septic tanks; construction and will be Station used in parallel put into production in 2013 China Academy of Railway Science 266 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Occupied land area of Newly Sewage sewage treatment Station increased disposal No. installations and Remaks name discharge scale conditions of the septic (m3/d) (m3/h) tank North Two 4m3 septic tanks; 2 Weihuling 1.7 / two 12m3 septic tanks; / Sattion used in parallel The sewage plant was Seven 4m3 septic tanks; founded in the first half of 3 Dunhua 16 / two 12m3 septic tanks; 2009 and was put into used in parallel operation, including railway sewage South Two 4m3 septic tanks; 4 Dashitou 1.9 / two 12m3 septic tanks; / Station used in parallel The sewage treatment West Four 4m3 septic tanks; plant is under 5 Antu 4.7 / two 12m3 septic tanks; construction and will be Station used in parallel put into production in 2013 Relatively far from the Five 4m3 septic tanks; West municipal sewage two 9m3 septic tanks; 6 Yanji 124.6 16.0 treatment plant; pipe three 12m3 septic tanks; Station connection conditions used in parallel reserved The sewage treatment Two 4m3 septic tanks; plant is under Tumen one 9m3 septic tanks; construction and will be 7 10.85 / station two 12m3 septic tanks; put into operation in used in parallel 2013; railway sewage can be discharged to it North Three 4m3 septic tanks; 8 Liangshui 1.05 / two 12m3 septic tanks; / station used in parallel The sewage treatment plant has been put into Four 4m3 septic tanks; operation, but it’s far from North one 9m3 septic tanks; the station and there is 9 Hunchun 9.2 1.0 two 12m3 septic tanks; Chedarengou River station used in parallel between them; pipe connection conditions reserved 8.3.5 Statistics of water pollutant discharge amount along the full line According to the discharge of sewage and sewage disposal measures at all stations, statistics about the amount of water pollutant along the full line is shown in Table 8-3-9. Newly increased sewage from the station areas of North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station will be used for greening at the station areas after treatment, and won’t China Academy of Railway Science 267 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project be discharged out. Newly increased sewage from other stations will be discharged into the municipal pipe network or ditches near the stations after qualified treatment. Newly increased discharge of SS along the whole line is 2.91/a, CODCr is 5.72t/a, BOD5 is 2.00t/a and NH3-N is 0.804t/a. China Academy of Railway Science 268 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 8-3-9 Statistical Table for the Amount of Pollutants Generated from Sewage Discharge at all Stations along the Line Discharge of sewage SS (t/a) CODCr (t/a) BOD5 (t/a) NH3-N (t/a) Administrativ Name of Newly Total Newly Final Newly Final Newly Final Newly Final Existin Existin Existin Existin Existin e division station increa amoun increa discha increa discha increa discha increa discha g g g g g sed t sed rge sed rge sed rge sed rge West Jiaohe Jiaohe 0 10.05 10.05 0 0.29 0.29 0 0.74 0.74 0 0.28 0.28 0 0.048 0.048 Station North Weihulin 0 1.7 1.7 0 0.02 0 0 0.04 0 0 0.01 0 0 0.004 0 g Sattion Dunhua Dunhua 60 16 76 1.71 0.46 2.16 4.44 1.18 5.63 1.65 0.44 2.09 0.285 0.076 0.361 South Dashitou 0 1.9 1.9 0 0.02 0 0 0.05 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.005 0 Station West Antu Antu 0 4.7 4.7 0 0.13 0.13 0 0.35 0.35 0 0.13 0.13 0 0.022 0.022 Station West Yanji Yanji 0 124.6 124.6 0 1.66 1.66 0 2.56 2.56 0 0.81 0.81 0 0.591 0.591 Station Tumen 80 10.85 90.85 2.28 0.31 2.59 5.92 0.80 6.72 2.20 0.30 2.50 0.380 0.051 0.431 station Tumen North Liangshu 0 1.05 1.05 0 0.01 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.01 0 0 0.003 0 i station North Hunchun Hunchun 0 9.2 9.2 0 0.07 0.07 0 0.09 0.09 0 0.04 0.04 0 0.015 0.015 station Total along the line 140 180.05 320.05 3.99 2.97 6.90 10.36 5.84 16.09 3.85 2.03 5.84 0.664 0.816 1.468 Newly increased amount discharged out 175.4 2.91 5.72 2.00 0.804 in total China Academy of Railway Science 269 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project China Academy of Railway Science 270 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8.3.6 Water pollution prevention measures and investment estimate during the operation period (1) West Jiaohe Station, Dunhua Station, West Antu Station and Tumen Station Newly increased sewage from West Jiaohe Station and West Antu Station will be discharged into the municipal pipe network after qualified treatment at the septic tank and Oil separation tank and finally it will run into the sewage treatment plant. The existing Dunhua Station will be dismantled and built again. Newly increased sewage will be discharged into the municipal pipe network after qualified treatment at the septic tank and Oil separation tank and finally it will run into the sewage treatment plant. Tumen Station is an existing station. Newly increased sewage will be discharged into the municipal pipe network after qualified treatment at the septic tank and Oil separation tank and finally it will run into the sewage treatment plant. (2) Newly increased domestic sewage discharged from North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station can be used for greening at the station areas after pretreatment at the septic tank and oil separation tank as well as further treatment by anaerobic filtration container. It will not be discharged out, so it will impose no impact on the water environment along the line. (3) Before discharged to the nearby ditches and the Buer Hatong River finally, fecal sewage disposal from West Yanji Station will be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank, waste water from the boiler room will be subject to pretreatment at the boiler blowdown cooling well, oil- contaminated water will be subject to pretreatment at the oil separation tank, and the high concentration fecal sewage disposal from the storage track will be subject to pretreatment at the efficient anaerobic tank, and then subject to SBR sewage disposal treatment process. (4) Fecal sewage from North Hunchun station will be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank, waste water from the boiler room will be subject to pretreatment at the boiler blow-down cooling well, and oil-contaminated water will be subject to pretreatment at the oil separation tank. Then all the sewage (waste water) will be subject to SBR sewage disposal process and when it meets the discharge standards it will be used for greening at the station areas firstly. The rest part will be discharged to the Chedarengou River and finally it will run into the Hunchun River. Sewage disposal measures and investment estimate at all stations along the line in this Project are shown in Table 8-3-10. Table 8-3-10 Sewage Disposal Measures and Investment Estimate at all Stations Present Increased one in Design Item status assessment Total Investment Assessment investment Administrative Sewage Sewage Investment Station estimate suggestions (10,000 division disposal disposal (10,000 name (10,000 and Yuan) process process Yuan) Yuan) measures China Academy of Railway Science 271 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Present Increased one in Design Item status assessment Total Investment Assessment investment Administrative Sewage Sewage Investment Station estimate suggestions (10,000 division disposal disposal (10,000 name (10,000 and Yuan) process process Yuan) Yuan) measures Three septic tanks, two West Oil Agree with Jiaohe / separation 12.5 the design 0 12.5 Jiaohe city Station tanks, two program sump pump wells Three septic tanks; one North Oil Agree with Weihuling / separation 14.5 the design 0 14.5 Sattion tank; one program Anaerobic filtration container Five septic tanks, two Oil separation Agree with Dunhua Dunhua city / tanks, 18 the design 0 18 Station three program sump pump wells Four septic tanks; one Oil South Agree with separation Dashitou / 14.5 the design 0 14.5 tank; one Station program Anaerobic filtration container Three septic tanks, one West Oil Agree with Antu / separation 8 the design 0 8 Antu city Station tanks, one program sump pump wells China Academy of Railway Science 272 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Present Increased one in Design Item status assessment Total Investment Assessment investment Administrative Sewage Sewage Investment Station estimate suggestions (10,000 division disposal disposal (10,000 name (10,000 and Yuan) process process Yuan) Yuan) measures Five septic tanks; two Oil separation tanks; three sewage pump wells; one efficient West Anaerobic Agree with Yanji / tank; one 100 the design 0 100 Yanji city Station suite of program SBR equipment; four sewage discharge vehicles; two sewage pick up vehicles Four septic tanks; two Septic Oil Agree with Tumen tank, Oil separation 13.5 the design 0 13.5 Station separation tanks; two program tank sewage pump wells Three Tumen city septic tanks; one North Oil Agree with Liangshui separation 14.5 the design 0 14.5 station tank; one program Anaerobic filtration container China Academy of Railway Science 273 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Present Increased one in Design Item status assessment Total Investment Assessment investment Administrative Sewage Sewage Investment Station estimate suggestions (10,000 division disposal disposal (10,000 name (10,000 and Yuan) process process Yuan) Yuan) measures Four septic tanks; two North Oil Agree with Hunchun separation 34.5 the design 0 34.5 Hunchun city station tanks; one program SBR equipment Total / / 230 / 0 230 / From Table 8-3-11, it’s obvious that the sewage disposal measures adopted in the design are very reliable. Total investment to sewage disposal of stations along this line is CNY 2.3 million. 8.4 Analysis to impact on water environment during the construction period According to the analogy investigation to similar works, waste water discharge from various construction sites during the construction period is of small amount, disperse and toxicological harmless. Major pollution factors of factory waste water are SS and petroleum, and major pollution factors of domestic sewage are CODCr and BOD5. Along the line of this Project there is dense river network. Waste water generated during the construction period will be discharged into the nearby watercourses after pretreatment and will not impose obvious impact on water environment. There are many bridges and tunnels along the line of this Project. Impact on water environment during the construction period is mainly reflected by bridge bored pile foundation construction and tunnel construction; there may be slosh in some areas at the construction site in rainy seasons, causing the rise of sediment charge in the nearby watercourses; besides, domestic sewage from builders’ daily life may also affect areal surface waters. Impact on water environment during the construction period is very short, and it will disappear at the completion of the construction. Sewage during the construction period mainly comes from: Slurry sewage and oily waste water generated during bridge and tunnel construction, rinsing water generated by construction machineries and transport vehicles, domestic sewage from builders’ life, surface runoff sewage generated by washout of regolith and silt at the construction site when it rains. 8.4.1 Impact of bridge construction on water environment and its prevention measures (1) Layout of key bridges along the line China Academy of Railway Science 274 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project There are altogether 104 large, medium and small bridges along the full line of this Project, in 88611.11 running meters in all. Layout of key bridges across rivers is shown in Table 8-4-1. Table 8-4-1 Layout of Key Bridges across Rivers along the Line Full Conditions Central Bridge length of about No. Bridge structure type mileage name bridge piers in (m) water 18-32m simply supported box girder + 1-(56+96+96+56)m continuous girder + 15-32m simply supported Songhua box girder + 1-24m simply River Extra 1 DK03+220.92 supported box girder + 9-32m 2887.67 6 PCS Large simply supported box girder + 1- Bridge (32+48+32)m continuous girder +32-32m simply supported box girder Xinkai River Extra 2 DK35+263.96 31-32m simply supported box girder 1028.20 1 PCS Large Bridge 29-32m simply supported box girder + 1-(32+48+32)m continuous girder Jiaohe + 39-32m simply supported box River Extra girder + 2-24m simply supported 3 DK68+764.33 3006.05 5 PCS Large box girder + 10-32m simply Bridge supported box girder + 1- (32+48+32)m continuous girder +5- 24m simply supported box girder Small Jiaohe River (old 4-32msimply supported box girder name: +1-(32+48+32)m continuous 4 DK83+326.27 782.54 1 PCS Chaoyang girder+18-32m simply supported Ditch) box girder Extra large bridge Dachuan Village 1# 5 DK120+791 35-32m simply supported girder 1159.00 No Extra Large Bridge China Academy of Railway Science 275 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Full Conditions Central Bridge length of about No. Bridge structure type mileage name bridge piers in (m) water 4-32m simply supported girder +1- 24m simply supported girder +5- 32m simply supported girder +1- (32+48+32) continuous girder +6- Mudanjiang 32m simply supported girder +1- River Extra 6 DK157+935.00 24m simply supported girder +14- 3170.00 6 PCS Large 32m simply supported girder +1- Bridge (40+56+40)m continuous girder +34-32m simply supported girder +1-(32+48+32)m continuous girder +8-32m simply supported girder Dashitou 7 DK179+651.10 Extra Large 22-32m simply supported girder 5606.20 No Bridge Antu Buer Hatong 1-32m simply supported girder +2- 8 DK214+090.77 River Extra 24m simply supported girder +41- 1437.94 No Large 32m simply supported girder Bridge Antu Extra 9 DK217+675.00 Large 20-32m simply supported girder 650.00 No Bridge Shimen Buer 10 DK233+578.95 Hatong 12-32m simply supported girder 407.15 1 PCS Large Bridge Chaoyang River Extra 11 DK262+966.04 126-32m simply supported girder 4135.77 1 PCS Large Bridge 22-32m simply supported girder +1- Yanji River (48+80+48) framework +13-32m 12 DK275+081.35 Extra Large simply supported girder +1- 3513.69 No Bridge (32+48+32) continuous girder -63- 32m simply supported girder Mopan Mount Buer Hatong 13 DK283+948.50 38-32m simply supported girder 1257.49 4 PCS River Extra Large Bridge Gaya River 15-32m simply supported girder +2- 14 DK307+920.68 Extra Large 24m simply supported girder +19- 1177.36 10 PCS Bridge 32m simply supported girder China Academy of Railway Science 276 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Full Conditions Central Bridge length of about No. Bridge structure type mileage name bridge piers in (m) water Mijiang River Extra 15 DK337+622.63 27-32m simply supported girder 898.96 1 PCS Large Bridge Ganmijiang River Extra 16 DK339+483.85 39-32m simply supported girder 1291.39 4 PCS Large Bridge (2) Environmental impact analysis to key bridge crossing 1) Analysis to impact on water environment during the construction period Impact of pile foundation construction on water quality Bridge pile foundation of river-crossing extra large bridges along this line will be constructed using bored pile bored piles; concrete abutment walls will be constructed with cast in place concrete method; abutment wall and its foundation in water will be constructed with double wall steel cofferdam, bottom closing with concrete and erection of construction platform in water; riverside pier bases will be constructed by building islands and cofferdams. During the process of drilling, in order to maintain the stability of hole wall, slurry will be used to protect the wall. Construction for these structures is conducted within the cofferdam, which can separate the internal river water from the external one, which is to say, part of the water inside the cofferdam is separated from the water outside the cofferdam, so there will be no waste discharged out. Therefore, it will impose almost no impact on river water. Slurry generated during construction of bridge piers shall be processed by the circulation sedimentation tank built on the platform or sedimentation vessel set up under water; slurry after sedimentation shall not be discharged into the river; instead, it shall be dried on the shore and put at a designated place; waste water after sedimentation shall not be discharged into rivers, but they can be used for road watering. Waste water from flushing sand and stones contain a relatively large amount of sediment and is prone to sedimentation; it’s suggested that it shall be treated by sedimentation tanks and used in cycle. Therefore, pile foundation construction will not impose distinct impact on river water. Impact on water environment caused by domestic sewage from builders' daily life Domestic sewage caused by the construction of river-crossing extra large bridges mainly contains the domestic sewage caused by abutment wall builders and that from the construction camps on both sides of the river. Abutment wall builders generally work continuously in three shifts. They rest and take bath in the rest areas on the shore. Domestic sewage generated on the abutment wall mainly contains pollutants generated from temporary toilets. It’s advisable to build mobile toilets. The domestic sewage can be transported onshore and treated there, so domestic sewage generated by riverside builders can basically impose no impact on river water. China Academy of Railway Science 277 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project It’s suggested to hire nearby civil residences for the construction camp in order to decrease the impact on river water quality caused by domestic sewage. Analysis to impact on water environment caused by construction ship If a large amount of piers need to be built in water for construction of bridges across large rivers, it’s necessary to build temporary wharf on both sides of the river. Oil pollution of construction ship mainly comes from the discharge of bilge water. Amount of bilge oily water generated by one 100t construction ship is 0.80 1.47kg/h, with an average oil-bearing concentration of 5000mg/L. In order to protect the river water quality along the line, it’s advisable to strengthen supervision and regulation to various construction ships, and follow the Provisions of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Vessel Pollution of the Inland Water Environment, No. 11 Decree issued by the Ministry of Communications in 2005 strictly. Construction ships shall be equipped with oily water collection and processing unit; oily water shall be transported onshore and discharged to a designated place, and can’t be discharged directly to the river. Analysis to impact caused by solid waste during the construction period Solid waste generated during the construction period is mainly the domestic waste from the construction camp and construction waste from the girder fabrication base. If the waste is not managed strictly and thrown away anywhere, it will pollute water. Therefore, the waste shall be placed intensively and cleaned and transported by the construction unit timely to be processed by the nearby urban municipal departments or municipal solid waste treatment plant. Impact on flood control caused by bridge construction During the construction period, bridge foundation and cofferdam construction will bring certain impact on flood discharge. The construction materials piled on the beach will affect the smooth discharge of flood. Therefore, foundation construction shall avoid the flood season. After the bridge construction, temporary construction works like the cofferdam shall be dismantled timely. 2) Abatement measures During the construction period of large bridges, the builder and construction unit shall cooperate closely with the local flood prevention department to work out a set of operable program to pass the flood period, and take effective measures timely according to the instructions of the flood prevention department and the flood regime to ensure the safety of rivers along the line during flood seasons. Cofferdam of main channels shall adopt relatively small sections so as not to occupy too large area of the waterway. According to the assessment, it’s suggested that the construction period shall be arranged reasonably. Construction of bridge abutment wall on main rivers shall be conducted in dry seasons. Construction of bridge piers shall adopt steel cofferdam in order to decrease the pollution to water areas caused by silt. At the completion of construction, temporary works shall be dismantled completely to guarantee the smooth flow of water. Construction machineries shall be kept clean in order not to pollute water. China Academy of Railway Science 278 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Silt, slurry and waste slag dug out during construction of bridge piers shall be transported to the temporary construction site onshore timely. There shall be sedimentation tank and desiccation stack yard set up on the temporary construction site so as to separate the breast wall slurry and waste slag. Slurry can be recycled. Waste soil after desiccation can be transported by the construction unit timely or used as filling according to the practical situations. During construction, it’s strictly forbidden to put the waste water and waste slag into rivers. The girder fabrication base and construction camp can’t be set up within the range of the watercourse. Sewage and domestic waste from the girder fabrication base and construction camp can’t be discharged into rivers. After the construction, the construction yard shall be cleaned timely and the original vegetation shall be recovered. No construction waste or facilities are allowed to be left in the watercourse in order to reduce the impact on rivers caused by the Project to the minimum. 8.4.2 Impact of tunnel construction on water environment and its prevention measures (1) Analysis to impact on water environment caused by tunnel construction Tunnel construction drainage mainly includes tunnel hydraulic discharge and construction water discharge. Tunnel construction water discharge mainly includes dust suppression water and drill cooling water at the early stage of the construction as well as waste water generated at the injection and support stage; key pollutants are SS, CODCr and petroleum. Water discharged from different stages of tunnel construction contains various chemical compositions except the pH value: Change of CODCr is between 5 ~ 10 times; Change of SS is 2 ~ 3 times; the amount of suspended matter generated during injection and support stage is reduced than that in the early stage of tunnel construction; Changes for petroleum are the largest, in 5 20 times. Major works at the early stage of construction is blasting operation; besides leakage water from the tunnel, water discharged is mainly that used for dust suppression after blasting; there are not so many construction machineries inside the tunnel; therefore, content of suspended matter at the early stage of the construction is higher, while content of petroleum is relatively lower. Thanks to the use of many construction machineries at the injection and support stage, it’s more possible for engine oil and diesel oil to leak out and enter the construction water discharge, so content of petroleum will rise. 1) Analysis to tunnel hydraulic discharge impact Large and long tunnels and basalt tunnels along this line are major tunnels where there might be water gushing. Geohydrologic conditions, groundwater level, water abundance and its division criteria at the sections where key tunnels lie are shown in the Table below: Rainfall infiltration method, runoff modulus method and geological scale method are used to review tunnel hydraulic discharge amount; water gushing amount is not large and the final water gushing amount is shown in the last column of the following Table: Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge China Academy of Railway Science 279 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge The tunnel body traverses through Variscian late Normal hydraulic stage ( ) Pore water 4 1. Rainfall discharge of the granodiorite and in loosening infiltration whole tunnel ( ) granite; accumulative 3 4 method Q 2385m /d; 1 Caomugou Tunnel engineering formation 2. Runoff Maximum geologic and bedrock modulus hydraulic conditions within crevice method discharge the tunnel site water Q 3730m3/d are preferable; basic earthquake intensity is VI Body of the tunnel is mainly 1. Rainfall composed of infiltration Normal hydraulic holocene method discharge of the residual silty Pore water, 2. Runoff whole tunnel clay in the bedrock modulus Q 5875.68m3/d; 2 Lafa Mount Tunnel quaternary crevice method Maximum system and water 3. hydraulic residual silty Geological discharge clay; basic scale Q 9189.66m3/d earthquake method intensity is VI The stratum is mainly composed of holocene Normal hydraulic residual silty 1. Rainfall discharge of the clay of the infiltration whole tunnel quaternary Bedrock method 3 Q 6771.67m /d; 3 Xiangshui Tunnel system and crevice 2. Maximum underlying water Geological hydraulic bedrock is scale discharge alaskite of method Q 10591m3/d Yanshan early stage; basic earthquake intensity is VI China Academy of Railway Science 280 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge Wall rock of the 1. Rainfall tunnel is granite infiltration Normal hydraulic at Variscian late method discharge of the stage; tunnel 2. Runoff whole tunnel entrance is Bedrock 3 modulus Q 2574.8m /d; 4 Shimen Tunnel residual slide crevice method Maximum silty clay and water 3. hydraulic fully and Geological discharge strongly scale Q 5149.5m3/d weathered method granite Stratum where the tunnel traverses is mainly Normal hydraulic 1. Rainfall composed of discharge of the infiltration Variscian late whole tunnel Bedrock method 3 stage granite Q 2442m /d; 5 Weihuling Tunnel crevice 2. ( 3) and Maximum 4 water Geological granodiorite hydraulic scale ( 3), in block discharge 4 method structure in Q 4884m3/d general; belonging to hard rock Body of the tunnel mainly Normal hydraulic traverses Bedrock 1. Rainfall discharge of the Yanshan early 2 crevice infiltration whole tunnel stage ( ) 3 Harbaling 2# 5 water, method Q 1215.4m /d; 6 granite and Tunnel contact 2. Runoff Maximum Variscian late broken belt modulus hydraulic stage ( 3) 4 pore water method discharge granite; basic 3 earthquake Q 2430.8m /d intensity is VI China Academy of Railway Science 281 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge Stratum where the tunnel traverses is mainly Yanshan Normal tunnel Pore water early stage 1. Rainfall hydraulic of the granite ( 52), infiltration discharge quaternary 3 Variscian late method Q 1311.4m /d, 7 Gaotai Tunnel system and stage granite 2. Runoff Maximum bedrock ( 43 (2)) and modulus hydraulic crevice Jura (J2m) tuff method discharge water sandstone; Q 2622.8m3/d basic earthquake intensity is VI Stratum where the tunnel body traverses is Normal hydraulic 1. Rainfall mainly Bedrock discharge of the infiltration composed of crevice whole tunnel method 3 Jiguanshan Variscian late water and Q 1428m /d; 8 2. Tunnel stage granite fracture Maximum Geological ( 3) and Jura broken belt hydraulic 4 scale ( J ) andesite; pore water discharge 2-3 method basic Q 2856m3/d earthquake intensity is VII The tunnel body mainly traverses residual slope (Q dl+el) silty clay 4 Normal hydraulic of the 1. Rainfall discharge of the quaternary infiltration tunnel body is system and Bedrock method 462m3/d, 9 Dongxing Tunnel Cretaceous crevice 2. Maximum mudstone, water Geological hydraulic argillaceous scale discharge is sandstone method 1575 m3/d interbedding; basic earthquake intensity is VI China Academy of Railway Science 282 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge The tunnel body mainly traverses residual slope (Q dl+el) silty clay 4 Normal hydraulic of the 1. Rainfall discharge of the quaternary infiltration tunnel body is system and Bedrock method 633m3/d, 10 Guangxing Tunnel Cretaceous crevice 2. Runoff Maximum mudstone, water modulus hydraulic argillaceous method discharge is sandstone 2157 m3/d interbedding; basic earthquake intensity is VI The tunnel body mainly traverses 1. Rainfall residual slope infiltration Normal hydraulic (Q dl+el) silty clay 4 Bedrock method discharge of the of the crevice 2. Runoff whole tunnel quaternary 3 water and modulus Q 1882.4m /d; 11 Shuinan Tunnel system and fracture method Maximum Variscian late broken belt 3. hydraulic stage ( ) steel 4 pore water Geological discharge gray granite; scale Q 3036.4m3/d basic method earthquake intensity is VI The tunnel body mainly traverses the residual 1. Rainfall dl+el slope (Q4 ) infiltration Normal hydraulic silty clay of the Bedrock method discharge of the quaternary crevice 2. Runoff whole tunnel Shangdongjing system and water and modulus Q 1907.9m3/d; 12 Tunnel Variscian late fracture method Maximum stage ( 4) steel broken belt 3. hydraulic gray granite and pore water Geological discharge granodiorite; scale Q 3077.5m3/d basic method earthquake intensity is VI China Academy of Railway Science 283 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge The tunnel body mainly traverses residual slope 1. Rainfall dl+el (Q4 ) silty clay infiltration Normal hydraulic of the Bedrock method discharge of the quaternary crevice 2. Runoff whole tunnel Riguangshan system and water and modulus Q 1840.4m3/d; 13 Tunnel lower fracture method Maximum Cretaceous broken belt 3. hydraulic (K1d) mudstone pore water Geological discharge sand inclusion scale Q 2968.6m3/d rock; basic method earthquake intensity is VI Master stratum where the tunnel traverses is Dias 1. Rainfall Kedao Group infiltration Normal hydraulic upper subgroup; method discharge of the geological 2. Runoff whole tunnel Bedrock 3 Houanshan period is P1k; modulus Q 1577.1m /d; 14 crevice Tunnel this subgroup method Maximum water mostly 3. hydraulic distributes Geological discharge together with scale Q 2544m3/d Kedao Group method lower subgroup (P1k). 1. Rainfall Stratum where infiltration Normal hydraulic the tunnel method discharge of the traverses is 2. Runoff whole tunnel Bedrock 3 mainly Variscian modulus Q 1178.3m /d; 15 Xixiakan Tunnel crevice late stage method Maximum water granite and Dias 3. hydraulic Kedao Group Geological discharge tuff scale Q 1900.7m3/d method 1. Rainfall The tunnel body Groundwater infiltration Normal hydraulic is mainly slate in is mainly method discharge of the celadon with stored in the 2. Runoff whole tunnel Xiaopanling 1# tabular residual slop modulus Q 1842m3/d; 16 Tunnel structure; the of the method Maximum crevice is quaternary 3. hydraulic relatively system in Geological discharge developed gulch section scale Q 2763m3/d method China Academy of Railway Science 284 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge Groundwater Normal hydraulic The tunnel body is mainly 1. Rainfall discharge of the is composed of stored in the infiltration whole tunnel slate and tuff 3 Xiaopanling 3# residual slop method Q 1697m /d; 17 sandstone; Tunnel of the 2. Runoff Maximum basic quaternary modulus hydraulic earthquake system in method discharge intensity is VI gulch section Q 3395m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock 3 Sandaoquan 1# method Q 117.2m /d, 18 Basalt tunnel crevice Tunnel 2. Runoff Maximum water modulus hydraulic method discharge Q 351.55m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock 3 Sandaoquan 2# method Q 1088.4m /d, 19 Basalt tunnel crevice Tunnel 2. Runoff Maximum water modulus hydraulic method discharge Q 2165.1m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock 3 Shuangquanshang method Q 207.1m /d, 20 Basalt tunnel crevice 1# Tunnel 2. Runoff Maximum water modulus hydraulic method discharge Q 621.3m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock method 3 Shuangquanshang Q 63.1m /d, 21 Basalt tunnel crevice 2. 2# Tunnel Maximum water Geological hydraulic scale discharge method Q 189.4m3/d China Academy of Railway Science 285 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Prediction Tunnel hydraulic Type of method of No. Tunnel name Geology discharge groundwater hydraulic amount discharge Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock method 3 Q 811.7m /d, 22 Mingchuan Tunnel Basalt tunnel crevice 2. Maximum water Geological hydraulic scale discharge method Q 1622m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration Pore water discharge method 3 Gaosongshu and bedrock Q 564.6m /d, 23 Basalt tunnel 2. Tunnel crevice Maximum Geological water hydraulic scale discharge method Q 1094m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock method 3 Q 322.5m /d, 24 Beiguan Tunnel Basalt tunnel crevice 2. Maximum water Geological hydraulic scale discharge method Q 645m3/d Normal tunnel 1. Rainfall hydraulic infiltration discharge Bedrock 3 method Q 75.3m /d, 25 Tiebei Tunnel Basalt tunnel crevice 2. Runoff Maximum water modulus hydraulic method discharge Q 150.6m3/d On the top of the tunnel in this Project, there are no residences. There are only some civil residences on the top left 180m of Riguangshan Tunnel DK303+280. Villagers make wells for domestic water. The surface elevation is 150m and buried depth of the tunnel is 20m. 2) Analysis to waste water impact of tunnel construction Waste water discharge amount of tunnel construction in this Project is about 40 50m3/d. If the high-turbidity waste water and oily waste water generated in tunnel construction is discharged directly, it’s easy to pollute water and silt up the receiving ditches and watercourses, and can also impose certain impact on the water environment along the line. (2) Prevention measures for water pollution and tunnel hydraulic discharge during tunnel construction China Academy of Railway Science 286 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 1) Prevention and discharge of water in the tunnel shall conform to the principle of "combining prevention, discharge, stopping and blocking together, adjusting measures to local conditions, and conducting comprehensive treatment". In tunnels with relatively developed crevice water and rigid requirements about aquatic environment, prevention and discharge of water shall give priority to blocking and set limit to discharge so as to realize reliable water prevention and economic feasibility. When the tunnel passes through fault sections with rich water content, it’s necessary to strengthen the comprehensive geological forecast in advance; meanwhile, curtain injection and water shutoff method can be used to reduce the impact of tunnel construction on surface water level to the minimum and guarantee the domestic water use of nearby villagers. According to the assessment, it’s suggested that one sedimentation tank shall be respectively set up at the entrance and exit of large and long tunnels or tunnels in environment sensitive areas to so that water discharged from tunnel construction can be settled down and used for farm irrigation or discharged through existing ditches, in case it wash out farms, block up lakes, reservoirs, channels and other water resource facilities. Oil-contaminated water discharged from construction injection and support stage shall be treated with simple oil separation tank. 2) Strengthen the geologic forecast during construction period for tunnel hydraulic discharge and reserve CNY 1 million for compensation outlays. 8.4.3 Impact of construction camp sewage on environment (1) Construction camps are usually located in the nearby villages with convenient traffic and adequate water and power supply. Builders usually live for a simple life, and discharge amount of domestic sewage is relatively small; waste water is mainly composed of water used for washing and rinsing as well as water used in mess halls. Water used for washing and rinsing will be sprinkled on the ground and will not impose obvious impact on local water environment. According to previous experience, there are about 200 builders in a construction camp. Domestic consumption of builders is about 50L/d. If discharge amount of domestic sewage takes up 80% of the water consumption, then discharge amount of builders’ domestic sewage is 8m3/d. In the construction sites far away from residential areas where construction camps need to be built by builders, it’s suggested that builders build simple septic tanks to collect and treat domestic sewage so that nearby villagers can use it for irrigation of agricultural lands, in case it’s discharged into waters along the line directly. (2) Improper treatment to the oily waste water discharged from maintenance of construction machineries can impose certain impact on environment. 8.4.4 Sewage from washing of construction machineries and vehicles Earth and stone works is relatively large in this Project, so a large number of mechanical equipment and transport vehicles are required. There might be sewage discharged from maintenance and curing of mechanical equipment and transport vehicles, which contains much silt as well as some oil. Besides, there will also be waste water containing a large amount of suspended matter generated China Academy of Railway Science 287 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project in concrete mixing stations, aggregate washing at the processing plants of precast elements, concrete curing and surface washing. In order to control the pollution effect caused by waste water from washing of construction machineries and vehicles, it’s necessary to set up fixed washing stations for construction machineries and vehicles according to the distribution of construction sites so that sewage can be discharged in a fixed way. It’s suggested that washing and maintenance points shall be set up for construction machineries and vehicles according to the specific division of construction bid sections assumed by the construction unit; in principle, sections where the major projects are located shall be selected so as to guarantee the fixed discharge of washing sewage. Machineries and vehicles at the construction site shall be strictly overhauled so as to put an end to "overflow, spill, drop and leakage". Construction equipment and vehicles shall be maintained at a fixed point. Oily waste water from the maintenance points shall be discharged after oil and water separation at the oil trap, and oil slick recycled shall be subject to harmless centralized processing. In large concrete batching plants and precast element processing plants, sedimentation tanks are required to separate suspended matters and clear water shall be reclaimed as much as possible. The suspended matters settled down shall be cleaned and dug out regularly and buried properly. 8.4.5 Prevention measures and suggestions to water pollution during the construction period (1) Foundation of river-crossing bridges shall be constructed in dry seasons, especially construction of bridge foundation within the range of water source areas, in case slurry and oil leakage from construction in rainy seasons affects water quality. (2) If construction of bridge piers in water is not in the dry season, steel cofferdam shall be used in rivers more than 3 meters deep during construction, and mud residue barrel can be used to settle the mud residue down; after the mud residue barrel is full, it shall be transported onshore and carried away on vehicles. In this way, it can reduce the pollution to waters caused by mud residue to the greatest extent. (3) At present, the design unit has not determined the construction base yet, so the assessment suggests that it’s advisable to rent nearby units or hotels as the office houses and living residences. The construction camps are dispersed, discharge amount of domestic sewage in various places is small, and it’s difficult to treat the builders’ domestic sewage intensively, so it’s suggested that latrines be set up at the builders’ construction camps in rural areas, so that manures can be collected intensively for farmyard manure. The latrines shall be managed strictly and cleaned timely, especially in rainy seasons, when contaminations may flow together with water and pollute surrounding water environment. Other domestic sewage can be discharged to nearby low wastelands and ditches, so it won’t affect surrounding environment greatly. (4) At the construction sites where there is a large amount of discharged oil-contaminated water, there shall be small oil separation and oil collection pools so that oil-contaminated water can be treated before discharge. China Academy of Railway Science 288 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (5) Construction camps and stock yards for river-crossing bridges shall be far away from the riverside to avoid pollution to waters. In particular, during the construction at water protection areas, the construction camps and stock yards shall be placed out of the water protection area. During the land construction within the water protection area, make sure the domestic sewage discharged from builders’ daily life and oil-bearing waste water generated from maintenance of construction machineries can be reclaimed or discharged after treatment, in case it imposes negative impact on the groundwater quality in the water source area. (6) At the maintenance points of construction machineries, there shall be hardened ground surface and desiccation pool, in case waste water discharged from machinery maintenance and cleaning pollutes waters and soil. Strengthen overhaul to construction machineries and conduct strict construction management to avoid overflow, spitting, drop and leakage of oil of construction machineries. (7) During the construction in cities, the ground surface at the construction sites shall be hardened. Sewage containing a large amount of silt shall not be discharged directly to the urban sewer lines; instead, there shall be rainwater diversion channels and sedimentation tanks at the construction site, so that sewage can be discharged after sedimentation. (8) Mud residue and muddy water dug out during bridge construction shall be dried naturally after sedimentation in the sedimentation tank. After the construction, fill the slush pits and sedimentation tanks with soil to recover the surface vegetation. Slurry and waste slag which can’t be used again shall be treated with solid waste disposal process at the site. Abandoned sedimentation tanks shall be hardened at the site and can’t be discharged to watercourses or transported to other places. 8.5 Analysis to the impact on protected drinking-water source From Table 8-4-1 it’s obvious that the Project passes through two water protection areas, namely Jilin drinking water protection area and Jiaohe drinking water protection area. 8.5.1 Jilin drinking water protection area (1) General conditions of the water protection area and its relationship with railway The source water protection area is defined according to the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Division (1st Batch) of Urban Drinking Water Protection Areas in Jilin Province (JZF [2004] No. 27) issued by Jilin People’s Government and the Notice of Printing and Distributing the Division Program of Drinking Water Protection Areas (JSZF [2005] No. 5) issued by Jilin Municipal People’s Government. This water protection area is divided into class 1 protected area, class 2 protected area and standard protected area. According to the Technical Guideline for Delineating Source Water Protection Areas (HJ/T338-2007), Jilin Municipal People’s Government entrusted Jilin University to compile the Technical Report on Delineating (Adjustting) Surface Water and Drinking Water Protection Areas of Jilin City in July 2010 and made adjustments to this source water protection area. On August 4, 2010, Jilin People’s Government agreed with the water source area adjustment report with JZH [2010] No. 128. China Academy of Railway Science 289 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The surface water and drinking water protection areas of Jilin City cover an area of 351.34km2 in all, including: 1) Class 1 protected area Water area: No.4 water plant, the section in front of the estuary of Yinsong River, the section from Yinsong River to Changmajia Pumping Station, No. 1 water plant, the railway water plant (including No. 3 water plant), watercourse from 1000m upstream the source water point of No. 2 water plant to 100m downstream the water point; watercourse from the estuary of Wende River to the place 700m upstream. Land area: 50m extending outside both sides of the river (stream) sections in class 1 protected area (not exceeding the internal side of the highway around the river). Class 1 protected area covers about 4.16km2. 2) Class 2 protected area Water area: the Songhua River watercourse from Fengman Bridge to Qingyuan Bridge; the watercourse which is 3300m long from the boundary of Wende River class 1 protected area to Jilin external ring highway Wende River large bridge. Land area: limited by the internal side of round-the-river highway on both sides of the river section from Fengman Bridge to Qingyuan Bridge; internal section of the beach line on both sides of Wende River from Jilin external ring highway Wende River large bridge to the estuary of Wende River (excluding class 1 protected area). Class 2 protected area covers about 28.94km2. 3) Standard protected area The Songhua River reach from Fengman Bridge to the dam site of Fengman Dam and internal side of round-the-river highway on both sides; Songhua Lake section from the dam site of Fengman Dam to the estuary of the Huifa River The standard protected area is about 318.24km2. Total water supply potential of this water source area is 505,000m3/d; relative position between this Project and the watering points is shown in Table 8-5-1. Table 8-5-1 Relative Position between This Projects and All Watering Points Amount of Distance from Songhua River Extra No. Name water intake Large Bridge (km)/ upstream and (10,000 m3/d) downstream of the large bridge Watering point of No.2 1 3.3/downstream water plant Watering point of the 2 railway water plant / 0.18/ downstream (before adjustment) Watering point of the 3 railway water plant (after / 0.55/ upstream adjustment) China Academy of Railway Science 290 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Watering point of No.3 4 0.25/upstream water plant Limited by the engineering conditions, the railway to be built passes 0.89km through class 2 source water protection area in the form of a bridge at section CK2+330-CK3+220, and the shortest distance to the upstream watering point (watering point of No. 3 water plant) is about 0.17km; the shortest distance to the downstream watering point (watering point of No. 2 water plant) is about 2.03km. Relative position between the railway and the source water protection area is shown in Table 8-5-1. Fig. 8-5-1 Relative Position between the Railway and Jilin Source Water Protection Area Extra large bridge of Songhuajiang River Starting point GCK126+590.38 reconstructed for long- GCK126+590.38 distance line Starting point DK0+000 for design of railway from Jilin DK0+000 to Hunchun Watering point Class 1 source water protection area Class 2 source water protection area Cut-through program Power plant dedicated line Changchun-Jilin inter-city railway under construction China Academy of Railway Science 291 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Existing Changchun-Tumen Railway Reconstructed Changchun-tumen Line (2) Environmental impact analysis In this Project, the river-crossing bridge of Changchun-Tumen railway will not be changed; four extra large bridges across the river will be built, of which two lines are used for this Project, and another two lines are Changchun-Tumen passenger dedicated lines; the original Changchun-Tumen line will be used as the dedicated line of the power plant to transport the coal required by the power plant. Jilin Station will be transferred to a passenger station from a mixed station for both freights and passengers; freight operation at the existing Changchun-Tumen railway will not pass through this section, which can reduce the impact on the water source area caused by transportation of industrial chemicals such as petroleum, chemical fertilizer etc. 1) Foundation construction of piers in water during bridge construction will disturb the water body and increase its turbidity; such impact is only limited to the downstream of the construction section. Songhua River Extra Large Bridge is built with 18-32m simply supported box girder +1- (56+96+96+56)m continuous girder +15-32m simply supported box girder +1-24m simply supported box girder +9-32m simply supported box girder +1-(32+48+32) m continuous girder +32-32m simply supported box girder; there are 5 piers in water; layout of bridge piers is shown in Figure 8-5-2.The abutment wall and foundation are built with double wall steel cofferdam, bottom closing with concrete; construction platform in water is erected for the convenience of construction; riverside pier bases are constructed by building island and cofferdam. Disturbance to water body caused by the construction results in the increase of turbidity of surrounding water body from 100m to 500m.According to the analogy data, water area where increase of concentration of the suspended matter is 1 0 m g / l caused by cofferdam and its removal during the construction of single piers is 0.01km2; influenced watercourse where the concentration of suspended matter is 1 0 m g / s upstream is 87m, and the influenced watercourse downstream is 239m; Maximum extension width is 11.5m (bridge pier centered); when two adjacent piers in water are constructed at the same time, concentration of suspended matter in water may be doubled. This is determined by the spacing between piers in water and transverse diffusion width of suspended matter. Influenced distance on the side of the bridge pier during the construction of single piers horizontally is 11.5m, and spacing between piers in water in this Project is 32-97m, so even two adjacent bridge piers are constructed at the same time, increase of concentration of suspended matter in water for each pier is independent, and it will not be doubled in diffusion. Therefore, bridge construction in this Project will impose certain impact on the watering points downstream, but such impact is temporary. China Academy of Railway Science 292 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 8-5-2 Layout Plan of Songhua River Extra Large Bridge Piers Existing railway bridge Existing bridge pier Pier of newly built bridge Newly built four-line bridge for Passenger Dedicated Line 2) If construction and domestic sewage generated at the bridge construction site, different wastes, high-turbidity water generated by rain wash of piled construction materials are directly discharged into the Songhua River, it will affect the river water quality. 3) During the operation period, all the trains are totally closed rail motor cars, so bridge runoff generated by rain wash is mainly clean rainwater and it won’t affect the water quality of water points at the source water protection area. (3) Opinions of local competent authority In July 2010, Jilin Municipal People’s Government entrusted Jilin University to compile the Technical Report on Delineating (Adjustting) Surface Water and Drinking Water Protection Areas of Jilin City, which made adjustments to the scope of the source water protection area. It changes the original class 1 protected area of Jilin surface water and drinking water source at the section where the line tranverses the Songhua River into class 2 protected area. On August 4, 2010, Jilin People’s Government agreed with the water source area adjustment report by issuing “JZH [2010] No. 128”. On August 9, 2010, Jilin Municipal People's Government issued “JSZH [2010] No. 270” and agreed to change the source water protection area at the place where Jilin-Hunchun Railway passes through the Songhua River to class 2 protected area; therefore, the railway program is feasible. (4) Protective measuress and suggestions China Academy of Railway Science 293 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project In order to guarantee the safety of drinking-water source, the following pollution prevention measures are recommended during the engineering construction: 1) Pier foundation construction of Songhua River Extra Large Bridge underwater adopts steel panel cofferdam; during the construction, waste water caused by washing of sand and stones contains a large amount of silt; it’s suggested that the waste water be treated and recycled after sedimentation; slurry after sedimentation shall not be discharged into the river; instead, it shall be dried on the shore and abandoned at a designated place to be buried or used as filling. 2) During bridge floor construction, hang canvas thickly in case waste falls into water. After the construction of bridge construction, clean the construction area and recover the land vegetation. 3) Control of the discharge of domestic sewage at the construction site. At present, the particular location of construction site has not been determined yet at the design stage. The assessment suggests that the construction site shall be selected outside the source water protection area; it’s advisable to rent nearby units or residents as the office houses and living residences. The toilets at the construction site shall be equipped with septic tanks or mobile toilets can be adopted so that sewage can be discharged to the nearby urban waster catchment system. Domestic sewage at the construction site shall not be discharged freely or into the source water protection area. 4) In order to prevent stacked materials from polluting waters in local areas, during the bridge construction period, it’s forbidden to pile various construction materials within the embankment on both sides of the Songhua River. Powdered substance such as sand or cement which is piled or transported shall be covered with tarpaulin; the construction roads shall be sprinkled to suppress dust. 5) Soil excavating and depositing site shall not be set up within the river embankment and source water protection area; mud residue caused by drilling of bridge shall be cleaned away timely and shall not be abandoned to the river or piled along the watercourse. Cone side slope of the bridge shall be protected with grouting slabstone together with vegetation to prevent water loss and soil erosion in the watercourse. 6) Strengthen the propaganda about environmental protection during construction so that builders can have a comprehensive recognition towards the importance of protecting the drinking-water source; Control the construction scope strictly and prohibit construction out of the range strictly. 7) Strengthen operation management during the operation period; check and maintain the check rail and ballast groove on the bridge floor at the source water protection area regularly so as to prevent derailment effectively. 8) Compile the pre-arranged risk planning according to the conditions at the source water protection area; see Chapter 16 Environment Risk and Contingency Plan for details. The construction unit shall strictly follow the requirements to protect the water source area during the construction period to guarantee the water supply safety at the drinking water source area. 8.5.2 Jiaohe source water protection area (1) General conditions of the source water protection area and its relative position with railway China Academy of Railway Science 294 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Jiaohe source water protection area is divided into Jiaohe Water Source Area and Lafa River Water Source Area; both of them have class 1 protected area, class 2 protected area and standard protected area. Jilin People’s Government agreed with the adjustments to Jiaohe source water protection area by issuing “JZH [2008] No. 147” decree. According to the Technical Report on Division and Adjustment of Drinking Water Protection Area in Jiaohe City (2008.09), adjustments will only be made to Lafa River Water Source Area, excluding Jiaohe Water Source Area. A new watering point will be established at the upstream of the existing watering point in Lafa River Water Source Area and the scope of class 2 protected area will be lessened. After the adjustment, the original class 1 protected area of Lafa River Water Source Area will be moved northward for 2km and its area will be adjusted to 0.38km2 from 0.05km2; Area of class 2 protected area will be adjusted to 15.49km2 from 320km2; Area of the standard protected area will be adjusted to 832.8km2 from 500km2. After the adjustments in the source water protection area, the railway passes through the standard protected area for 11.67km (with short chain) of Lafa River water source area in the form of bridge, tunnel and subgrade at section CK48+060-CK60+730.There are five 8.318km tunnels, three 1.728km bridges, and the subgrade is 1.624km; relative position between the railway and Jiaohe source water protection area is shown in Figure 8-5-3. Fig. 8-5-3 Relative Position between the Railway and Jiaohe Source Water Protection Area Domestic drinking water source quasi-protection area of Jiaohe city Cut-through program Tunnel Bridge Expressway Class 1 protected area Class 2 protected area China Academy of Railway Science 295 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Standard protected area (2) Impact analysis The standard source water protection area is mainly land area; it mainly covers the catchment basin of Lafa River; if the high concentration waste water caused by railway tunnel excavation is not treated timely, it may affect the quality of groundwater; During the bridge foundation excavation, if there are no effective protective measures during the construction period, it may cause water loss and soil erosion at the construction site and affect the quality of surface water; If the construction and domestic sewage produced from the construction camps and construction site, various wastes and piled construction materials are discharged in random, the surrounding environment might be affected. However, lines of this Project are far away from the major water system of Lafa River Water Source Area and the shortest distance to the watering point of the source water protection area is 12km, so the engineering construction won’t affect the quality of watering points. During the operation period, all the trains are totally closed rail motor cars, so bridge runoff generated by rain wash is mainly clean rainwater and it won’t affect the water quality of water points at the source water protection area. (3) Opinions of local competent authority Jilin People’s Government has agreed that Jilin-Hunchun passenger dedicated line can set station to the west of Jiaohe River and pass through the standard source water protection area in Jiaohe City by issuing “JZH [2010] No. 123” decree. (4) Protective measuress and suggestions In order to guarantee the safety of drinking-water source, the following pollution prevention measures are recommended during the engineering construction: 1) Control of the discharge of domestic sewage at the construction site. The assessment suggests that the construction site shall be selected outside the source water protection area; it's advisable to rent nearby units or residents as the office houses and living residences. The toilets at the construction site shall be equipped with septic tanks or mobile toilets can be adopted so that sewage can be discharged to the nearby urban waster catchment system. Domestic sewage from the construction site shall not be discharged freely. 2) In order to prevent stacked materials from polluting waters in local areas, during the bridge construction period, it's forbidden to set up soil excavating and depositing site and pile construction materials within the source water protection area. Powdered substance such as sand or cement which is piled or transported shall be covered with tarpaulin; the construction roads shall be sprinkled to suppress dust. Cone side slope of the bridge shall be protected with grouting slabstone together with vegetation to prevent water loss and soil erosion in the watercourse. The construction unit shall strictly follow the requirements to protect the water source area during the construction period to guarantee the water supply safety at the drinking water source area. China Academy of Railway Science 296 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 8.6 Summary of assessment (1) Along the line, there is rich surface water and complex ditches. Present status of water quality is favorable; most are class II and III water; Most reaches can meet the functional requirements of corresponding water quality. (2) There is one existing station, Tumen Station, reconstructed along this line. The existing Dunhua Station will be dismantled; gross displacement tonnage is 140m3/d. The existing sewage will be discharged into the municipal pipe network or nearby ditches after treatment at the septic tank. Newly increased waste water in the Project will be discharged into the municipal pipe network after pretreatment at the septic tank. According to the assessment, it’s suggested that the sewage disposal system at Tumen Station shall collect the domestic sewage generated from the signal tower, station regulation houses and station rooms in the station area of Tumen Station, and discharge it together with the newly increased domestic sewage into the municipal pipe network. (3) Total discharge of newly increased sewage along the full line is 180.05m3/d, most are domestic sewage. Domestic sewage from West Jiaohe Station and West Antu Station can meet class 3 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard after pretreatment at the septic tank and then be discharged into the municipal pipe network. Newly increased domestic sewage discharged from North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station can meet the dry farming standard of Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) and be used for greening at the station areas after pretreatment at the septic tank and Anaerobic filtration container. It will not be discharged out. Fecal sewage from West Yanji Station shall be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank, and high concentration fecal sewage from the storage track shall be subject to pretreatment at the efficient Anaerobic tank; then both of them shall be subject to SBR sewage disposal; after they meet class 1 standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, they will be discharged into nearby ditches and finally run into the Buer Hatong River. Newly increased sewage from North Hunchun station shall be subject to pretreatment at the septic tank and SBR sewage disposal process; after it meets class 1 standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, it shall be firstly used for greening at the station area; the rest part shall be discharged into the Chedarengou River and finally it will fun into the Hunchun River. (4) Newly increased discharge of SS along the whole line is 2.91/a, CODCr is 5.72t/a, BOD5 is 2.00t/a and NH3-N is 0.804t/a. (5) The Project passes through class 2 protected area of Jilin source water protection area for 0.89km in the form of a bridge at section CK2+330-CK3+220;The line passes through the standard protected area of Jiaohe source water protection area for 11.67km in the form of bridges, tunnels and subgrades at section CK48+060-CK60+730. (6) During the bridge construction, major measures proposed at the environmental assessment are: Arrange the construction period reasonably and abutment wall of bridges on the main river shall be China Academy of Railway Science 297 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project constructed in dry seasons. Silt, slurry and waste slag dug out during construction of bridge piers shall be transported to the temporary construction site onshore timely. There shall be sedimentation tank and desiccation stack yard set up on the temporary construction site so as to separate the breast wall slurry and waste slag. Slurry can be recycled. Waste soil after desiccation can be transported by the construction unit timely or used as filling according to the practical situations. During construction, it’s strictly forbidden to put the waste water and waste slag into rivers. The girder fabrication base and construction camp can’t be set up within the range of the watercourse. Sewage and domestic waste from the girder fabrication base and construction camp can’t be discharged into rivers. After the construction, the construction yard shall be cleaned timely and the original vegetation shall be recovered. No construction waste or facilities are allowed to be left in the watercourse in order to reduce the impact on rivers caused by the Project to the minimum. (7) According to the assessment, it’s suggested that one sedimentation tank shall be respectively set up at the entrance and exit of large and long tunnels or tunnels in environment sensitive areas so that water discharged from tunnel construction can be settled down and used for farm irrigation or discharged through existing ditches. Oil-contaminated water discharged from construction injection and support stage shall be treated with simple oil separation tank. (8) Waste water from the construction shall not be discharged into the Nature Preserve, forest park and source water protection area along the line. Because the construction camps are dispersed, it’s suggested that latrines shall be set up at the construction site in rural areas to collect the manure intensively for farmyard manure. At the construction sites where there is a large amount of discharged oil-contaminated water, there shall be small oil separation and oil collection pools so that oil-contaminated water can be treated before discharge. China Academy of Railway Science 298 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 9 Electromagnetic environment impact assessments 9.1 General 9.1.1 Scope of assessment According to Technical Standards of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Railway Construction Project (TB10502-93), Article 5.1.1 stipulates that the assessment scope of television watching impacted by the electromagnetic radiation is within 50m of each side of the outer rail center of the rail line. Taking into account the comparatively higher design speed of this project, the assessment scope is extended to within 80m of each side of the outer rail center of the rail line. According to the requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment Specifications for the electromagnetic radiation of the 500kV EHV Transmission & Distribution Project (HJ/T24-1998), the assessment scope of the frequency electromagnetic field of the 500kV substation is 500m outside the wall; as the voltage level of the new substation of this project is 220kV, and according to the test experience of several analogs, assessment scope of this new traction substation this time is 50m outside the substation wall. According to the regulations of Assessment Methods and Standards of the Environmental Impact of the Electromagnetic Radiation (HJ/T10.3-1996), if the transmitter power P 100kW, the assessment scope should be the area within the 500m radius of the antenna as the center of the region. In view of the fact that the transmit power of the antenna of the base station for GSM network is always less than 100W, and according to the Environmental Monitoring methods of the Electromagnetic Radiation of the Mobile Communication Base Station by state environmental protection administration and ministry of information industry, the scope of monitoring is within 50m radius of the antenna; in this environmental impact assessment, the assessment scope also adopts the same radius, which means the assessment of the GSM-R base station designates the region within the 50m radius of the antenna as the center as the focus area for impact analysis. The project’s impact on the navigation stations, radar stations, level-two or higher radio communication stations and other important facilities of radio in its vicinity belongs to electromagnetic compatibility problems between systems, and it shall be demonstrated and protected by the railway interference protection sector, and shall not be incorporated into the assessment scope. 9.1.2 Content of assessment work The content of this electromagnetic environmental impact assessment aims to assess the impact the electromagnetic radiation generated by trains operation of the passenger dedicated line project of the Jilin-Hunchun railway has on the Television viewing of the residents along the railway, the impact of the frequency electromagnetic fields generated by the new traction substation, and the impact of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the new GSM-R base stations. China Academy of Railway Science 299 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 9.1.3 Assessment standard 1. Criterions of Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus (GB/T6113-1995) 2. Measurement Methods of the Radio Radiation Interference Generated by the Operation of AC Electrified Railway Locomotives (GB/T15708-1995). 3. Guidelines for Protection Management of Radiation Environment - Electromagnetic Radiation Monitoring Instruments and Methods” (HJ/T10.2-1996) 4. Guidelines for Protection Management of Radiation Environment – Methods and Criteria of Electromagnetic Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T10.3-1996) 5. Technical Specification of Environmental Impact Assessment of the Electromagnetic Radiation of 500kV EHV Transmission & Distribution Project (HJ/T24-1998). 6. The impact of electrified railway on the television viewing adopts the previous study results, which means TV can be watched in a normal way if the signal to noise ratio reaches 35dB, and the picture quality adopts the Injury scoring system of five levels recommended by the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR). 7. The electromagnetic radiation implementation standards for GSM-R base station is Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Regulations(GB8702-88), and this standard gives out the derived limit of public exposure, which stipulates that the average value of the field quantity parameters of the environmental electromagnetic radiation in any continuous six minutes should meet the requirements of the following table. Table 9-1-1 Derived limit of public exposure Frequency Range Electric field strength Magnetic field strength Power density MHz V/m A/m (W/m2) 0.1~3 40 0.1 4.0 3~30 67/ f 0.17/ f 12/f 30~3000 12 0.032 0.4 3000~15000 0.22 f 0.001 f f/7500 15000~300000 27 0.073 2 Note: The signification of the limits in the table is that after superposition of all electromagnetic radiations, the total electric field strength (magnetic field strength or power density) in each band should not exceed the limit regulation of that specific band. GSM-R band of this project is 900MHz, and the corresponding derived limit of the power density of that band is 0.4 W/m2 (40 W/cm2). If the total radiation does not exceed 40 W/cm2, then the environmental radiation index meets the standard. To ensure the overall environmental radiation intensity does not exceed the standards, the State Environmental Protection Administration has stipulated the following provisions for the contribution of radiation of individual projects in the Guidelines for Protection Management of China Academy of Railway Science 300 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Radiation Environment – Methods and Criteria of Electromagnetic Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T10.3-1996): To ensure the total exposure dose the public receives is less than the values specified in GB8702-88, the impact of individual projects must be limited to a specific percentage of GB8702-88 limits; large-scale projects examined and approved by Ministry of Environmental Protection can adopt 1/ 2 of the field strength limit in GB8702-88 or 1 / 2 of the power density; other projects can adopt 1/ 5 of the field strength limit or 1 / 5 of the power density as the assessment criteria. The assessment temporarily adopts 1/5 of the power density as the assessment criteria, that is, 8 W/cm2 as the derived limit of the public exposure for the project. 9.1.4 EMI overview of electrified railway After the completion of the passenger dedicated line of the Jilin-Hunchun railway, the electric locomotive will generate pulse-type electromagnetic pollution due to sliding contact between pantograph and catenary during operation, which will have a negative impact on the TV viewing of the residents along the line; frequency electromagnetic fields generated by traction substation and electromagnetic radiation generated by GSM-R base stations can also cause concerns about electromagnetic effects for neighborhood residents. 9.1.5 Overview of sensitive points 1. Overview of sensitive points of TV viewing The basic situations of the sensitive points of the TV watching along the line of this project can be concluded from the site investigation. Among them, within the range of the assessment, the residential quarters that uses some or all ordinary antenna to watch TV are susceptible to the interference impact of the passing of the electrified railway, and should be seen as the main sensitive points; residential quarters that uses cable and satellite antennas to watch TV are basically not affected by the interference impact of the electrified railway. Based on all the acquired sensitive points of television viewing, and according to the distribution situation of sensitive points in different sections of the project, more representative sensitive points will be selected as the monitoring points of the status quo. Table 9-1-2 Sensitive points of TV viewing along the line Relative Basic Netwo Name of position Distan situation of rk No. Mileage Lines form Remarks Sensitive points to the ce (m) impact rate line scope % Yuyuan community, CTCK126+95 Road More than Weibei 1 0~CTCK128+ Right 34 embankm 2000 100 community, 200 ent/Bridge households Liaodong Area 3 China Academy of Railway Science 301 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project New World Apartmen CTCK128+20 More than 2 ts, Weiye 0~CTCK128+ Right 65 Bridge 400 100 garden 500 households community Huaxi Gracelan More than d, New CK001+820~ 3 Right 15 Bridge 600 100 Changbei CK002+150 households community Zhushi Juyi Road More than District, CK001+100~ 4 Left 30 embankm 2000 100 Liaodong Area CK001+800 ent/Bridge households 1 CTCK128+80 More than 5 Shantytowns 0~CTCK129+ Left 40 Bridge 100 80 000 households CTCK129+45 More than 6 Yong’an Village 0~CTCK130+ Left 30 Bridge 100 80 150 households More than CK002+740~ 80 7 Luchang Village Right 30 Bridge 40 CK003+300 households More than Luchang CK003+540~ Two 80 8 30 Bridge 94 community CK003+700 sides households More than CK005+900~ Two 9 Tiantai Village 1 10 Bridge 150 90 CK006+700 sides households Road More than CK007+000~ 10 Tiantai Village 2 Left 30 embankm 80 90 CK007+350 ent households Road More than CK007+500~ Two 11 Tiantai Village 3 30 embankm 50 90 CK007+720 sides ent households Road More than East CK008+230~ Two 12 10 embankm 150 80 Huangshan Juzi CK009+630 sides ent households Road More than 4th Brigade of CK011+440~ Two 13 10 embankm 30 20 Gaojia Wazi CK011+870 sides ent/Bridge household More than 2nd Brigade of CK012+280~ Two 14 10 Bridge 30 0 Xiaochuan CK013+000 sides household More than 3rd Brigade of CK013+150~ Two 15 17 Bridge 30 0 Xiaochuan CK013+650 sides household More than 6th Brigade of CK014+760~ Two 16 20 Bridge 40 0 Xiaochuan CK015+830 sides household China Academy of Railway Science 302 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project th More than 5 Brigade of CK016+530~ Two Monitorin 17 12 Bridge 30 40 Beisha CK016+920 sides g point 1 household More than 3rd Brigade of CK017+700~ Road 18 Right 20 40 30 Zhongsha CK018+600 cut/Bridge household Road More than 4th Brigade of CK019+600~ Two 19 30 embankm 20 50 Zhongsha CK019+700 sides ent household Road More than 5th Brigade of CK020+180~ 20 Right 22 embankm 20 0 Zhongsha CK020+400 ent household Road More than South ditch of CK022+200~ Two embankm 21 34 20 70 sand river CK022+600 sides ent/Road household cut/Bridge More than CK027+500~ 22 North Cigou Right 30 Bridge 10 70 CK027+600 household More than Xinkai river CK034+700~ Two 23 10 Bridge 50 80 Village CK036+075 sides household More than CK050+000~ Monitorin 24 Shuang miao zi Left 40 Bridge 40 100 CK050+320 g point 2 household More than CK059+470~ Two 25 Taiping Village 10 Bridge 67 0 CK060+000 sides household More than CK061+520~ Two 26 Xide Hegou 10 Bridge 64 100 CK061+900 sides household More than CK069+600~ Two 27 Tumiao zi 10 Bridge 110 100 CK069+860 sides household More than CK073+910~ Two Road 28 Beigou 10 418 100 CK074+850 sides cut/Bridge household More than CK078+810~ Two 29 Nangou 10 Bridge 70 100 CK079+150 sides household More than CK082+950~ Monitorin 30 Fuqiang villiage Right 10 Bridge 40 90 CK083+130 g point 3 household Road Back of More than CK086+340~ cut/Road 31 the Pacific Ridg Right 60 30 100 CK086+560 embankm e household ent Road More than 3rd 4th Brigade CK089+550~ Two 32 30 embankm 110 100 of Houliu CK089+920 sides ent household China Academy of Railway Science 303 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project CK093+340~ Road More than 1st Brigade of After chain 33 Right 17 embankm 30 100 Houliu scission ent household CK091+250 6th Brigade of CK105+420~ Two 51 34 Weiguang 10 Bridge 50 CK105+650 sides household (Damalugou) 6th Brigade of More than CK106+900~ Two Monitorin 35 Weiguang 10 Bridge 50 0 CK107+200 sides g point 4 (Erdaokou) household More than CK151+850~ 36 Liushugou Left 11 Bridge 100 100 CK152+750 household More than CK152+750~ 37 Tiebei Left 25 Bridge 50 100 CK153+150 household More than CK153+400~ 38 Tiexi Right 10 Bridge 50 100 CK153+800 household More than Aiming lane of CK154+030~ 39 Right 12 Bridge 20 100 Bohai street CK154+160 household Railway Road More than community, CK154+180~ Two 40 30 embankm 200 100 Railway east CK154+660 sides ent household community Road More than Shuang sheng CK155+380~ Two Monitorin 41 30 embankm 200 100 Village CK156+300 sides g point 5 ent household More than Changjiang CK157+020~ 42 Right 10 Bridge 80 70 Village CK157+420 household Yaoweizigou CK157+420~ 80 43 Right 42 Bridge 100 Village 1 CK157+720 household More than Yaoweizigou CK158+000~ 44 Left 10 Bridge 50 100 Village 2 CK158+200 household CK158+500~ 60 45 Lin jian Village Right 15 Bridge 100 CK158+700 household Road Xiao zhan CK160+760~ 10 46 Left 69 embankm 100 Village CK161+080 household ent Road Min sheng CK176+300~ 20 47 Right 40 embankm 100 Village CK176+920 household ent CK198+830~ Two 10 Monitorin 48 He bei Village After chain 37 Subgrade 100 sides household g point 6 CK198+300 China Academy of Railway Science 304 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 6 Station of CK202+280~ household, 49 agricultural Right 30 Subgrade 0 CK202+400 more or machinery less More than Long shan CK213+355~ Two 50 10 Bridge 60 100 Village CK213+550 sides household More than Shun shan CK215+850~ Two 51 30 Road cut 200 100 Community CK216+970 sides household Road More than CK217+050~ Two Monitorin 52 He xi Village 12 embankm 100 90 CK217+750 sides g point 7 ent/Bridge household Road More than Chong shan CK221+820~ 53 Right 30 embankm 40 90 Village CK222+150 ent household Road CK223+280~ 10 54 Jiu yan Village Right 64 embankm 100 CK223+550 household ent Road Jing cheng CK226+700~ 20 55 Left 35 embankm 100 Village CK227+360 household ent Da cheng CK230+160~ 10 56 Right 42 Bridge 100 Village CK230+320 household Sishui River CK248+620~ Two 15 57 12 Bridge 100 Village CK248+720 sides household More than Yong Chang CK249+730~ Two 58 20 Bridge 10 100 Village CK249+820 sides household nd More than 2 Brigade of CK251+240~ 59 Left 36 Bridge 20 90 Yongchang CK251+500 household Road Chang shou CK254+220~ Two cut/Road 15 Monitorin 60 30 0 dong Village CK254+620 sides embankm household g point 8 ent/Bridge More than Fu min dong CK255+830~ Two 61 13 Bridge 40 80 Village CK256+230 sides household More than CK256+500~ 62 Ji cheng Village Right 45 Bridge 10 100 CK256+700 household More than 4th Brigade of CK262+400~ 63 Right 53 Bridge 20 0 Taidong CK262+600 household More than 3rd Brigade of CK262+900~ 64 Right 17 Bridge 30 100 Taidong CK263+120 household More than Jiang cheng CK264+780~ Two Bridge/ 65 11 60 90 Village CK265+400 sides Subgrade household China Academy of Railway Science 305 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Road More than CK266+870~ Two 66 Bai shi Village 30 embankm 40 90 CK267+390 sides ent household More than 5th Brigade of CK267+790~ Two 67 11 Bridge 20 80 Minzhu CK267+910 sides household Road More than CK268+030~ embankm 68 Min zhu Village Right 25 50 90 CK268+790 ent/Road household cut Road More than CK268+980~ 69 Xiaoying Town Left 16 embankm 20 90 CK269+120 ent/Bridge household More than Da cheng CK273+250~ Two Monitorin 70 12 Bridge 500 90 Village CK273+950 sides g point 9 household More than CK274+100~ Two 71 Xing an Town 10 Bridge 800 80 CK275+250 sides household 4th Brigade of More than Hongqi, 1th CK275+400~ Two 72 13 Bridge 50 100 Brigade of CK275+600 sides household Dongxing More than 2nd Brigade of CK276+080~ Two 73 13 Bridge 80 100 Dongxing CK276+730 sides household 1st 2nd Brigade More than CK279+670~ Two 74 of Guangji 25 Bridge 40 100 CK280+040 sides Village household More than 6th Brigade of CK282+870~ Two 75 14 Bridge 30 100 Mopan Village CK283+175 sides household More than 3rd Brigade of CK283+290~ Two 76 13 Bridge 20 100 Mopan Village CK283+530 sides household More than 4th Brigade of CK283+910~ 77 Left 24 Bridge 20 100 Mopan Village CK284+090 household Road CK305+370~ cut/Road More than Monitorin Two 78 Ji zhong Village After chain 30 embankm 500 95 g point sides CK305+000 ent/Road household 10 cut More than CK307+170~ 79 Ba jia zi Village Right 15 Bridge 300 95 CK307+680 household More than Monitorin CK322+150~ 80 Fu ning Village Right 80 Bridge 70 95 g point CK322+300 household 11 China Academy of Railway Science 306 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project th More than 9 team of CK325+745~ 81 Left 38 Bridge 20 100 Shitou Village CK325+900 household 4th 5th Brigade More than CK353+100~ 82 of Guanmen Left 12 Bridge 50 100 CK353+530 Tsui household More than 1st Brigade of CK357+000~ 83 Right 19 Bridge 30 100 Fuxin CK357+100 household More than 2nd Brigade of CK358+750~ Two 84 16 Bridge 100 90 Jingbian CK359+000 sides household 2. Overview of the new traction substation Please refer to the following table for the details of the newly constructed six 220kV traction substations of Jilin +30, -18 North Weihuling, North Dunhua, West Antu, North Yanji, Tumen + 29. The introduction line of the new traction substation does not fall into the scope of this project’s assessment, and they shall be assessed by the local power sector. Table 9-1-3 Basic situation of the traction substations Name of the No. Km standard Volume Situation of neighborhood sensitive points substation 1 Jilin +30 CK32+000 2×50 No sensitive buildings within 50m -18 North 1st Brigade of Houliu in the neighborhood 2 CK93+900 2×40 Weihuling (right side of the railway) No sensitive points within the range of the 3 North Dunhua CK154+250 2×40 station area No sensitive points within the range of the 4 West Antu CK213+090 2×40 station area No sensitive points within the range of the 5 North Yanji, CK272+900 2×40 station area West 6 CK336+500 2×40 No sensitive buildings within 50m Tumen +29 3. The electromagnetic impact of wireless communication facilities The project uses the GSM-R digital wireless Train dispatching, laid along the railway. The site and number of the construction of base stations have not been determined yet. 9.2 Status quo of the electromagnetic environment 9.2.1 Monitoring of the status quo 1. Position of monitoring points TV viewing status quo monitoring is established in 11 residential quarters, and please refer to the relevant monitoring points of the sensitive points layout in the noise and vibration topic for the specific locations of the monitoring points. 2. Monitoring content (1) Field strength of TV signals; (2) Field strength of background radio noise. 3. Monitoring time and frequency (1) Monitoring time: Monitoring time is selected to be in the television program broadcast time period. China Academy of Railway Science 307 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (2) Monitoring frequency: TV signal field strength measures the image carrier frequency of each television channel; background radio noise field strength will be measured at a selected frequency in the neighborhood of the desired signal band of each television channel. 4. Monitoring instruments and methods (1) Monitoring instrument: Hewlett-Packard spectrum analyzer HP8591E and supporting antenna. (2) Monitoring method: Elevate antenna by 2m, horizontal polarized, pointed to the maximum field strength point of the received signal. Spectrum analyzer resolution bandwidths is set to 120KHz. Measure the full-band spectrum of each TV channel and record the image carrier frequency value and the value of the background radio noise. TV signal field strength is measured using peak demodulation, and the radio interference field strength measured using quasi peak demodulation. 9.2.2 Monitoring results and assessment 1. Monitoring results In each monitoring point, Please refer to Figure 9-2-1 for the measured spectrum of each television channel in some measuring points. Figure 9-2-1 (a) TV signal spectrum chart of 5th Brigade of Beisha Figure 9-2-1 (b) TV signal spectrum chart of Shuangmiaozi Figure 9-2-1 (c) TV signal spectrum chart of Fuqiang Village China Academy of Railway Science 308 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 9-2-1 (d) TV signal spectrum chart of 4th Brigade of Weiguang Figure 9-2-1 (e) TV signal spectrum chart of Shuangsheng Village Figure 9-2-1 (f) TV signal spectrum chart of Hebei Village Figure 9-2-1 (g) TV signal spectrum chart of Hexi Village China Academy of Railway Science 309 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 9-2-1 (h) TV signal spectrum chart of Chang shou dong Village Figure 9-2-1 (i) TV signal spectrum chart of Da cheng village Figure 9-2-1 (i) TV signal spectrum chart of Jizhong village Figure 9-2-1 (i) TV signal spectrum chart of Funing village Please refer to the following table for the measured date. Table 9-2-1 Monitoring results of the status quo of the sensitive points China Academy of Railway Science 310 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Carrier Signal to Name of Signal field Background field frequency noise ratio monitoring point strength (dB v/m) strength (dB v/m) (MHz) (dB) 49.75 47 16 31 5th Brigade of 184.25 46 13 33 Beisha 200.25 57 15 42 543.25 48 22 26 49.25 45 16 29 184.25 43 13 30 Shuangmiaozi 200.25 41 13 28 543.25 46 22 24 77.25 33 9 24 168.25 62 18 44 Fu qiang Village 503.25 63 21 42 551.25 60 21 39 639.25 63 24 39 4th Brigade of 77.25 40 12 28 Weiguang 57.75 34 12 22 77.25 33 8 25 Shuang sheng 511.25 58 21 37 Village 559.25 52 21 31 647.25 59 24 35 192.25 41 13 28 Hebei Village 511.25 48 21 27 Hexi Village 192.25 43 13 30 65.75 47 11 36 Changshoudong 192.25 48 14 34 Village 759.25 52 27 25 77.25 33 8 25 192.25 46 13 33 216.25 50 14 36 Dacheng Village 471.25 60 20 40 655.25 57 23 34 703.25 55 26 29 77.25 45 9 36 Jizhong Village 192.25 43 14 29 65.75 42 12 30 184.25 52 17 35 Funing Village 168.25 46 18 28 511.25 47 21 26 Note: “ ” represents the signal to noise ratio is more than 35dB; “ ” represents the signal field strength meets the nominal usable field strength set by the Ministry of Radio. 2. Test result evaluation TV sound uses frequency modulation (FM) Mode which is insusceptible, mainly considering about amplitude modulation (AM) Mode signal might be influenced. To estimate TV image influenced level, we adopt 5-level damage evaluation standard recommended by Consultative Committee of China Academy of Railway Science 311 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project International Radio(CCIR): 5 point for imperceptible; 4 points for perceptible but not annoying; 3 points for a slightly annoying; 2 points for annoying; 1 point for quite annoying. The normal practical limit: 3 points and above is considered to be normal audience condition. It can be included from the electrification railways’ influence on TV research (Scientific research result of Ministry of Railways, NO. Ministry of Railways 86015) that when the signal to noise ratio (D/U) is more than 35dB, the camera views can last 3 minutes and above, then it can be consider as normal for watching. It can tell from Chart 9.2-1, the field strength of the 37 TV channels received by the antennae of the 11 monitor sites, only 2 of the 11 monitor sites’ field strength meets the nominal usable field strength standard of the service site set by the Ministry of Radio (V section 57dB V/m U section 67dB V/m), only 12 frequency D/U can meet the D/U requirement 35dB of the normal audience watching. 3. Current situation evaluation 11 current test TV watch sensitive point along the project line have tested 37 channels in total. Among the 37 channels, only two whose field strength meets the nominal usable field strength standard of the service site set by the Ministry of Radio; 12 channels SNR meets the 35dB SNR as the normal audience watching requirement. In general, the TV signal field strength coverage is comparatively weak along the project line. Due to the weak effects of the watching, quite a few residents use normal antenna to watch TV; the cable and satellite TV coverage is relatively high along the project line. 9.3 Electromagnetism environmental influence prediction evaluation 9.3.1 Electromagnetism pollution source characteristics 1. Electromagnetic radiation caused by running electric power locomotive (1) Contact wire technical provisions comparison The electromagnetism radiation amount caused during the train operation is closely related to the quality of the contact wire. In order to predict the electromagnetic radiation level when this project starts operating, we need to compare and analyze this project and the contact wire technical condition of the similar lines which have been implemented for electromagnetic radiation test. It’s recommended to use magnesium and copper alloy contact wire, and the maximum tension of the contact wire is 25kN. This project use full compensation simple chain suspension and the design speed is 250km/h. When the project is completed, the electromagnetism radiation source strength can be predicted according to the research result (silver copper contact wire) data of the electromagnetism radiation in the tested section of Qinshen passenger transport special railway line from Shanhaiguan to Suizhong. (The high-speed test in 2002, magnesium copper contact wire) and "Beijing-Shanghai railway environmental impact pre-evaluation" sub-task High-speed Railway Electromagnetic Radiation Source Strength Confirmation. (2) The electromagnetism radiation characteristics varies with the speed China Academy of Railway Science 312 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 9.3-1 shows the receive level of the150Mhz electromagnetism radiation varies with the speed curve acquired on the high-speed line (silver & copper contact wire, tension is 20000N) locomotives as detailed in The determination of electromagnetic radiation strength of high-speed railway. For comparison, the predicted curve of silver & copper wire and measured curve with normal speed are drawn on the same map. As can be seen from Figure 9.3-1, the 200-220km electromagnetic radiation level of silver & copper catenary is almost the same as that of ordinary line (50-60km / h). The measured result (not shown in the diagram) of the radio interference of the Qin-Shen line magnesium & copper wire with 15kN tension is about 5dB more than the predicted curve of the silver & copper wire with 20000N tension as shown in Figure 9-3-1. According to the law of increasing tension leading to decreasing electromagnetic radiation, when the tension is increased to 1.8-2 times, the level of electromagnetic radiation will be decreased by about 9 dB or so, and we can predict the interference generated when the tension of magnesium & copper wire is 25kN is about 9 dB less than that of 15kN Qin-Shen line, and then about 4dB less than that of 2kN silver & copper wire. Then the predicted curve of electromagnetic radiation of the passenger dedicated line varying with the speed can be derived from the relationship between 20kN silver & copper and interference from the normal speed railway. The predicted curve of the frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation when the locomotive is running at the speed of 250km/h after the completion of this project is shown in Figure 9-3-2. 0+] 20000N 9 G% 28.5kN25kN NPK Figure9-3-1 Electromagnetic radiation varying with the speed curve 150MH interfering voltage varies with the speed 150MHz curve tested in the car 20000N 20000N silver copper contact wire prediction 25kN magnesium copper Ji-Tu passenger 25KN transportation express interfering prediction curve dB uv Interfering voltage (dB uv) km/h Speed (km/h) China Academy of Railway Science 313 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (3) Electromagnetic radiation frequency characteristic and range performance 1) Frequency characteristic The chart below is the prediction of frequency characteristic curve of a running train 10m away from the line at the speed of 250km/h. 10m 50 P Y 40 G% 350km/h 30 20 10 100 1000 f(MHz) Figure 9-3-2 Frequency characteristic curve of the point at 10m from the line Interfering field strength prediction 10m away from 10m the line Radiation field strength 2) Range performance Range performance is so called lateral transmission property. It refers to the attenuation characteristics of all frequency components of the electrification railway radio noise along the vertical direction of the railway. According to the scientific research result of the Ministry of Railways (No.(93) the Ministry of Railways technique inspection signature No.050), and the scientific research result of 1998 quasi-high-speed test research, the range away from the vertical direction of the railways increases by double, the radio noise decibel of the electrification railways will reduced to: 1 . 735 b = 4 . 28 + f (9.3-1) Where: b——decrement of each octave, dB; f——frequency, MHz. With frequency and lateral decay characteristic, use the below formula to calculate the wireless noise level where in any distance and with any frequency from the electric railway when the electric locomotive passes by according to Environmental Impact Assessment technical standards for railway construction projects (TB10502-93). − = − ⋅ lg D x 1 E x E 0 b lg 2 (9.3-2) China Academy of Railway Science 314 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Where: Ex: Unknown field intensity level, dB v/m E0: The wireless noise field intensity level at 10m from electric railway dB v/m , can be found in frequency curve drawing. Dx: The vertical distance which is from the unknown point to electric railway. 2. The power frequency electromagnetic field caused by traction substation 6 substations with 220kv are newly built in this project. 220kv substation can adopt the same kind traction substation (Suizhong North traction substation in Qin-Shen railway line) (1) Analog conditions The monitored traction substation which is with 220KV in and 27.5kV out, has two main transformers, the capacity is 2×50MVA, and the structure, plan layout and other basic conditions of substations is the same as the newly built 220KV traction substation in this project. (2) Monitoring contents and instrument use Use PMM8053A low frequency electromagnetic field instrument to measure the power frequency electromagnetic field and the gauge is conducted measurement in national institute of metrology. (3) Measuring results and analysis 1) Power frequency magnetic field The monitoring results for the power frequency magnetic field of traction substation are referred to figure 9-3-3. 220kV 6 P* 5 4 20m 40m 3 2 1 0 0 1020304050607080 1. 5m 1. 5m 0. 2m 0. 2m Figure 9-3-3 Test results of power frequency magnetic field of traction substation Measuring results of power frequency magnetic 200kV field of 220kV traction substation Power frequency magnetic field The enclosing wall 20m 20m from the enclosing wall China Academy of Railway Science 315 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 40m 40m from the enclosing wall 1.5m 1.5m vertical 1.5m 1.5m horizontal 0.2m 0.2m vertical 0.2m 0.2m horizontal As shown in the figure, the maximum value of power frequency magnetic induction from the enclosing wall of traction substation is slightly bigger than 2mG 0.2 T , and not more than 1mG 0.1 T from the enclosing wall of traction substation, which meet the requirements of recommended value 0.1mT in Technical Specification of Environmental Impact Assessment of the Electromagnetic Radiation of 500kV EHV Transmission & Distribution Project (HJ/T24-1998). 2) Power frequency electric field The monitoring results of power frequency electric field are referred to figure 9-3-4. 2 2 0 k V Ç £Ò ±ý äµ çË ù¹ ¤Æ µµ ç³ ²¡ âÁ ¿½ á¹ û 10000 Χǽ ¾àΧǽ20m ¾àΧǽ40m ¾àΧǽ60m 1000 100 ¹ ¤ Æ µ µ 10 ç ³ ¡ Ç 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 ¿ ¶ È ¾ àÏ ßÏ ÂÍ ¶Ó ¾° àÀ ë( m) ( v / m ¾àµØÃæ1.5m ¾àµØÃæ0.2m ) Measuring results of power frequency electric field 220kV of 220kV traction substation Power frequency electric field intensity The distance from projection distance below the m : line (m) 1.5m 1.5m from ground 0.2m 0.2m from ground 20m 20m from the enclosing wall 40m 40m from the enclosing wall 60m 60m from the enclosing wall The enclosing wall China Academy of Railway Science 316 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The actual measurement reveals that power frequency electric field intensity at the enclosing wall of substation is not more than 300V/m, power frequency electric field intensity is about 200V/m at 20m from enclosing wall of substation, which all meet the requirements of the recommended value 4kV/m of power frequency electric field intensity in Environmental Impact Assessment Specifications for electromagnetic radiation in Power Transmission and Distribution Project of 500kV extra high voltage (HJ/T24-1998). 3. Electromagnetic radiation property produced by GSM R base station The wireless communication systems of this project adopts GSM-R network solution, carrier frequency uplink uses 885~889MHz, the downlinks use 930~934MHz. According to the design of similar projects, this project chooses the following parameters, in which the tower height of base station is 30m, single carrier frequency power is 40W, and the antenna gain is 18dBi. Please refer to the following table. Table 9-3-1 Main specifications for base station and used antenna Item Specifications Output power of the transmitter 40W (single carrier frequency) Base station antenna 40m,35m height Antenna gain is 18dBi horizontal wave width is about 65°; Base station antenna vertical wave width is about 9.5°; the inclined angle is about parameters 7°. Such as equipped with 2 Before the antenna input, base station combiner loss together carrier waves, antenna with feeder line loss and power divider loss is10dB. input The operational frequency of base station in this project is: the uplink uses 885 889MHz, the downlink uses 930~934MHz, which is microwave frequency band and can use the following formula to calculate the power density value around a certain distances from antenna. ⋅ = P G p 2 d π 4 ⋅⋅ r (mW/cm2) (9.3-3) Where: P: Transmitter power (mW); G: Antenna gain (multiple) R: Distances between the measuring position and antenna axial direction (cm) When the single carrier frequency operates, the antenna input power will be about P=8W if taking into consideration the amounts of feeder line loss and power divider loss is about 6 7dB before the antenna input . when multi-carrier frequency operates, also to consider the combiner loss whose value is less than single carrier frequency input power and substitution into transmitter power of single carrier frequency and antenna gain dBi=18 (dBd 15.85). Then calculate the antenna axial direction and half power angle direction radiation intensity in different distances. Its calculated values are referred in the following chart. China Academy of Railway Science 317 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 9-3-2 Calculated values for radiation intensity in different distances from base station Single carrier wave (antenna input power is about p=8W) Distance(m) Axial power ( W/cm2) Half power angle ( W/cm2) 5 97.12 48.56 7 49.56 24.78 8 37.94 18.98 13 14.38 7.18 14 12.38 6.2 15 10.8 5.4 16 9.48 4.74 18 7.49 3.7 22 5.02 2.5 23 4.58 2.3 30 2.7 1.36 As shown in the chart, the field intensity in any height out of 18m from antenna is all below 8 W/cm2. Because the horizontal wave width of GSMR antenna in this project is about 65° the wave width is about 10m at the place 18m along the antenna axial direction, it is roughly provided that antenna is the center, the rectangular region with 32m in length (both sides), 20m in width, 30m in height can be seen the region where the antenna doesn't conforms to standards which is referred to chart 9.3-5 . When base station operates with the modes of multi-carrier frequency, the radiation power is equal to or less than single carrier frequency output power and its effects will not exceed the single carrier frequency area. 65 9-3-5 The area where doesn't conforms to standards Base station tower 65 Figure 9-3-5 Radiation outside of the limits of standard 65 9-3-5 chart 9.3.2 Impact prediction 1. Impact on TV watching prediction (1) Impact Prediction of TV watching in settlements where current situation monitoring has been performed China Academy of Railway Science 318 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The prediction of the received SNR in the settlements where the current situation monitoring has been performed and the field strength of the TV signal has been measured after the project shall be shown in the table below. Table 9-3-3 The Prediction Table of the Received SNR in the Settlements Where the Current Situation Monitoring Has Been Performed After the Project Signal to Signal to Noise Carrier Signal field Background Noise Name of Ratio frequency strength field strength Ratio after monitoring point before (MHz) (dB v/m) (dB v/m) project project (dB) (dB) 49.75 47 16 31 11 5th Brigade of 184.25 46 13 33 16 Beisha 200.25 57 15 42 28 543.25 48 22 26 20 49.25 45 16 29 9 184.25 43 13 30 13 Shuangmiaozi 200.25 41 13 28 12 543.25 46 22 24 18 77.25 33 9 24 1 168.25 62 18 44 32 Fuqiang Village 503.25 63 21 42 35 551.25 60 21 39 32 639.25 63 24 39 35 4th Brigade of 77.25 40 12 28 6 Weiguang 57.75 34 12 22 1 77.25 33 8 25 2 Shuangsheng 511.25 58 21 37 30 Village 559.25 52 21 31 24 647.25 59 24 35 30 192.25 41 13 28 12 Hebei Village 511.25 48 21 27 20 Hexi Village 192.25 43 13 30 14 65.75 47 11 36 13 Changshoudong 192.25 48 14 34 18 Village 759.25 52 27 25 21 77.25 33 8 25 1 192.25 46 13 33 17 216.25 50 14 36 21 Dacheng Village 471.25 60 20 40 35 655.25 57 23 34 29 703.25 55 26 29 24 77.25 45 9 36 11 Jizhong Village 192.25 43 14 29 13 Funing Village 65.75 42 12 30 8 184.25 52 17 35 22 China Academy of Railway Science 319 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Signal to Signal to Noise Carrier Signal field Background Noise Name of Ratio frequency strength field strength Ratio after monitoring point before (MHz) (dB v/m) (dB v/m) project project (dB) (dB) 168.25 46 18 28 16 511.25 47 21 26 19 Note: “ ” refers to the signal to noise ratio shall be greater than 35dB. “ ” refers to the field strength of the signal reaches the requirement of the nominal usable field strength specified by the Ministry of Radio. The table above shows that a train running through after the project, the TV watching signal to noise ratio of 11 measuring points shall be lower considerably. After the project, only three channels’ signal to noise ration shall meet the 35dB S/N requirement, 25% of that before the project for normal TV watching. 2. Impact of traction substation on the electromagnetic environment 6 new traction substations shall be built in this project. According to the foregoing analogy analysis, the prediction analysis shall be as follows: (1) The power frequency magnetic field at the wall of the traction substation shall be slightly greater than 0.2 T. The power frequency magnetic field 20m away from the enclosure of the traction substation shall not be over 0.1 T, meeting the recommended value requirements in HJ/T24-1998, only 0.1% of the standard limit value recommended by the state. (2) The power frequency electric field strength at the wall of the substation shall not be greater than 300V/m. 20m away from the enclosure, the power frequency electric field strength shall be around 200V/m, meeting the recommended value 4kV/m requirement of the power frequency electric field strength HJ/T24-1998, only 5% of the standard limit value recommended by the state. GSM-R base station radiation impact prediction The main radiation direction of the GSM-R antenna is within 18m. 10m width and 30m height shall exceed the radiation area. The radiation power density outside 18m shall be smaller than 8 W/cm2, complying with the requirements of GB8702-88 and HJ/T10.3-1996 standards. 9.3.3 Electromagnetic environmental impact assessment 1. TV Reception impact assessment Before the project, 37 channels shall have been totally measured in 11 TV watching sensitive points. In the 37 channels, only 2 field strengths of the signal shall meet the requirement of the nominal usable field strength value in the service area specified by the Ministry of Radio; 12 channels’ SNR shall meet the 35dB SNR requirement for normal TV watching. After the project is completed, the SNR of each channel shall lower substantially. Only 3 channels’ SNR shall meet the requirement. Although the coverage of the TV signal along in this project shall be very poor, a higher proportion of users shall watch TV through cable TV and satellite antenna and very little China Academy of Railway Science 320 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project proportion of the users shall watch TV through common antenna. It is predicted that there shall be little impact of the construction of this project on watching TV by the residents along. 2. Impact assessment of traction substation The power frequency electric field strength and power frequency magnetic strength generated by the traction substation are very low, complying with the relevant limit value requirement specified in HJ/T24-1998. 3. GSM-R base station radiation impact assessment According to the design parameters of wireless communication facilities in this project (single- carrier frequency power 40W, antenna gain 18dB, tower height 30m), the calculated electromagnetic radiation power density shall meet the standard requirement from 18m outside or inside the antenna axis but the antenna shall be 5m higher than the buildings. 9.4 Treatment measurement 9.4.1 Treatment measurement of impact on TV watching Watching TV through cable TV programs shall eliminate the electromagnetic radiation impact when a train runs through and at the same time, the problems of train body reflection and occlusion impact shall be fully solved. This shall be an effective measure to solve the problem of the impact of the electrified railway on TV watching at present. According to the analysis results of 9.3-2, for the TV users affected by this project in the sensitive point, network compensation expenditure for cable television shall be reserved. The principle of the compensation shall be that the users shall watch TV through antenna and the TV reception quality in the sensitive point shall lower obviously after the project. The compensation expenditure shall be 500RMB per user and a total amount of 424.5 thousand RMB shall be reserved, as shown in table 9-4-1. After the construction of the project is completed and test will be performed after the opening to traffic, if the users are effected definitely, the compensation shall be implemented. Table 9-4-1Electromagnetic protective measurement for sensitive point of TV watching after the project table Relati ve Netwo Compensa Basic No Name of positio Distan rk tion Mileage Lines form situation of . sensitive points n to ce (m) rate amount impact scope the % (RMB) line Yuyuan community, Road More than Weibei CTCK126+950~ 1 Right 30 embankme 2000 100 0 community, CTCK128+200 nt/Bridge households Liaodong Area 3 New More than CTCK128+200~ 2 World Apartmen Right 65 Bridge 400 100 0 CTCK128+500 ts, Weiye households China Academy of Railway Science 321 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Relati ve Netwo Compensa Basic No Name of positio Distan rk tion Mileage Lines form situation of . sensitive points n to ce (m) rate amount impact scope the % (RMB) line garden community Huaxi Gracelan More than d, New CK001+820~ 3 Right 15 Bridge 600 100 0 Changbei CK002+150 households community Zhushi Juyi Road More than District, CK001+100~ 4 Left 30 embankme 2000 100 0 Liaodong Area CK001+800 nt/Bridge households 1 More than CTCK128+800~ 5 Shantytowns Left 40 Bridge 100 80 10000 CTCK129+000 households More than CTCK129+450~ 6 Yong’an Village Left 30 Bridge 100 80 10000 CTCK130+150 households CK002+740~ More than 40 7 Luchang Village Right 30 Bridge 80 4000 CK003+300 households Luchang CK003+540~ Two 94 8 30 Bridge 80 9000 community CK003+700 sides households More than CK005+900~ Two 9 Tiantai Village 1 10 Bridge 150 90 7500 CK006+700 sides households Road CK007+000~ More than 80 10 Tiantai Village 2 Left 30 embankme 90 4000 CK007+350 households nt Road CK007+500~ Two More than 50 11 Tiantai Village 3 30 embankme 90 2500 CK007+720 sides households nt Road More than East CK008+230~ Two 12 10 embankme 150 80 15000 Huangshan Juzi CK009+630 sides nt households Road 4th Brigade of CK011+440~ Two More than 30 13 10 embankme 20 12000 Gaojia Wazi CK011+870 sides households nt/Bridge 2nd Brigade of CK012+280~ Two More than 30 14 10 Bridge 0 15000 Xiaochuan CK013+000 sides households 3rd Brigade of CK013+150~ Two More than 30 15 17 Bridge 0 15000 Xiaochuan CK013+650 sides households 6th Brigade of CK014+760~ Two More than 40 16 20 Bridge 0 20000 Xiaochuan CK015+830 sides households 5th Brigade of CK016+530~ Two More than 30 17 12 Bridge 40 9000 Beisha CK016+920 sides households 3rd Brigade of CK017+700~ Road More than 40 18 Right 20 30 14000 Zhongsha CK018+600 cut/Bridge households China Academy of Railway Science 322 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Relati ve Netwo Compensa Basic No Name of positio Distan rk tion Mileage Lines form situation of . sensitive points n to ce (m) rate amount impact scope the % (RMB) line Road 4th Brigade of CK019+600~ Two More than 20 19 30 embankme 50 5000 Zhongsha CK019+700 sides households nt th Road 5 Brigade of CK020+180~ More than 20 20 Right 22 embankme 0 10000 Zhongsha CK020+400 households nt Road South ditch of CK022+200~ Two embankme More than 20 21 34 70 3000 sand river CK022+600 sides nt/Road households cut/Bridge CK027+500~ More than 10 22 North Cigou Right 30 Bridge 70 1500 CK027+600 households Xinkai river CK034+700~ Two More than 50 23 10 Bridge 80 5000 Village CK036+075 sides households CK050+000~ More than 40 24 Shuang miao zi Left 40 Bridge 100 0 CK050+320 households CK059+470~ Two 67 25 Taiping Village 10 Bridge 0 33500 CK060+000 sides households CK061+520~ Two 64 26 Xide Hegou 10 Bridge 100 0 CK061+900 sides households CK069+600~ Two More than 10 27 Tumiao zi 10 Bridge 100 0 CK069+860 sides households CK073+910~ Two Road 418 28 Beigou 10 100 0 CK074+850 sides cut/Bridge households CK078+810~ Two More than 70 29 Nangou 10 Bridge 100 0 CK079+150 sides households CK082+950~ More than 40 30 Fuqiang villiage Right 10 Bridge 90 2000 CK083+130 households Road Back of CK086+340~ cut/Road More than 20 31 the Pacific Ridg Right 60 100 0 CK086+560 embankme households e nt Road More than 3rd 4th Brigade CK089+550~ Two 32 30 embankme 100 100 0 of Houliu CK089+920 sides nt households CK093+340~Aft Road 1st Brigade of More than 30 33 er chain Right 17 embankme 100 0 Houliu households CK091+250 nt 6th Brigade of CK105+420~ Two 51 34 Weiguang 10 Bridge 50 12500 CK105+650 sides households (Damalugou) 6th Brigade of CK106+900~ Two More than 50 35 Weiguang 10 Bridge 0 25000 CK107+200 sides households (Erdaokou) 36 Liushugou CK151+850~ Left 11 Bridge More than 100 0 China Academy of Railway Science 323 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Relati ve Netwo Compensa Basic No Name of positio Distan rk tion Mileage Lines form situation of . sensitive points n to ce (m) rate amount impact scope the % (RMB) line CK152+750 100 households CK152+750~ More than 50 37 Tiebei Left 25 Bridge 100 0 CK153+150 households CK153+400~ More than 50 38 Tiexi Right 10 Bridge 100 0 CK153+800 households Aiming lane of CK154+030~ More than 20 39 Right 12 Bridge 100 0 Bohai street CK154+160 households Railway Road More than community, CK154+180~ Two 40 30 embankme 200 100 0 Railway east CK154+660 sides nt households community Road More than Shuang sheng CK155+380~ Two 41 30 embankme 200 100 0 Village CK156+300 sides nt households Changjiang CK157+020~ More than 80 42 Right 10 Bridge 70 12000 Village CK157+420 households Yaoweizigou CK157+420~ 80 43 Right 42 Bridge 100 0 Village 1 CK157+720 households Yaoweizigou CK158+000~ More than 50 44 Left 10 Bridge 100 0 Village 2 CK158+200 households CK158+500~ 60 45 Lin jian Village Right 15 Bridge 100 0 CK158+700 households Road Xiao zhan CK160+760~ 10 46 Left 69 embankme 100 0 Village CK161+080 households nt Road Min sheng CK176+300~ 20 47 Right 40 embankme 100 0 Village CK176+920 households nt CK198+830~Aft Two 10 48 He bei Village er chain 37 Subgrade 100 0 sides households CK198+300 Station of 6 CK202+280~ 49 agricultural Right 30 Subgrade households, 0 3000 CK202+400 machinery more or less Long shan CK213+355~ Two More than 60 50 10 Bridge 100 0 Village CK213+550 sides households More than Shun shan CK215+850~ Two 51 30 Road cut 200 100 0 Community CK216+970 sides households Road CK217+050~ Two More than 60 52 He xi Village 12 embankme 90 3000 CK217+750 sides households nt/Bridge Chong shan CK221+820~ Road More than 40 53 Right 30 90 2000 Village CK222+150 embankme households China Academy of Railway Science 324 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Relati ve Netwo Compensa Basic No Name of positio Distan rk tion Mileage Lines form situation of . sensitive points n to ce (m) rate amount impact scope the % (RMB) line nt Road CK223+280~ 10 54 Jiu yan Village Right 64 embankme 100 0 CK223+550 households nt Road Jing cheng CK226+700~ 20 55 Left 35 embankme 100 0 Village CK227+360 households nt Da cheng CK230+160~ 10 56 Right 42 Bridge 100 0 Village CK230+320 households Sishui River CK248+620~ Two 15 57 12 Bridge 100 0 Village CK248+720 sides households Yong Chang CK249+730~ Two More than 10 58 20 Bridge 100 0 Village CK249+820 sides households 2nd Brigade of CK251+240~ More than 20 59 Left 36 Bridge 90 1000 Yongchang CK251+500 households Road Chang shou CK254+220~ Two cut/Road 15 60 30 0 7500 dong Village CK254+620 sides embankme households nt/Bridge Fu min dong CK255+830~ Two More than 40 61 13 Bridge 80 4000 Village CK256+230 sides households CK256+500~ More than 10 62 Ji cheng Village Right 45 Bridge 100 0 CK256+700 households 4th Brigade of CK262+400~ More than 20 63 Right 53 Bridge 0 10000 Taidong CK262+600 households 3rd Brigade of CK262+900~ More than 30 64 Right 17 Bridge 100 0 Taidong CK263+120 households Jiang cheng CK264+780~ Two Bridge/ More than 60 65 11 90 3000 Village CK265+400 sides Subgrade households Road CK266+870~ Two More than 40 66 Bai shi Village 30 embankme 90 2000 CK267+390 sides households nt 5th Brigade of CK267+790~ Two More than 20 67 11 Bridge 80 2000 Minzhu CK267+910 sides households Road CK268+030~ embankme More than 50 68 Min zhu Village Right 25 90 2500 CK268+790 nt/Road households cut Road CK268+980~ More than 20 69 Xiaoying Town Left 16 embankme 90 1000 CK269+120 households nt/Bridge More than Da cheng CK273+250~ Two 70 12 Bridge 500 90 25000 Village CK273+950 sides households 71 Xing an Town CK274+100~ Two 10 Bridge More than 80 80000 China Academy of Railway Science 325 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Relati ve Netwo Compensa Basic No Name of positio Distan rk tion Mileage Lines form situation of . sensitive points n to ce (m) rate amount impact scope the % (RMB) line CK275+250 sides 800 households 4th Brigade of Hongqi, 1th CK275+400~ Two More than 50 72 13 Bridge 100 0 Brigade of CK275+600 sides households Dongxing 2nd Brigade of CK276+080~ Two More than 80 73 13 Bridge 100 0 Dongxing CK276+730 sides households 1st 2nd Brigade CK279+670~ Two More than 40 74 of Guangji 25 Bridge 100 0 CK280+040 sides households Village 6th Brigade of CK282+870~ Two More than 30 75 14 Bridge 100 0 Mopan Village CK283+175 sides households 3rd Brigade of CK283+290~ Two More than 20 76 13 Bridge 100 0 Mopan Village CK283+530 sides households 4th Brigade of CK283+910~ More than 20 77 Left 24 Bridge 100 0 Mopan Village CK284+090 households Road CK305+370~Aft cut/Road More than Two 78 Ji zhong Village er chain 30 embankme 500 95 12500 sides CK305+000 nt/Road households cut More than CK307+170~ 79 Ba jia zi Village Right 15 Bridge 300 95 7500 CK307+680 households CK322+150~ 80 Fu ning Village Right 80 Bridge 4 households 95 100 CK322+300 9th team of CK325+745~ More than 10 81 Left 38 Bridge 100 0 Shitou Village CK325+900 households 4th 5th Brigade CK353+100~ More than 50 82 of Guanmen Left 12 Bridge 100 0 CK353+530 households Tsui 1st Brigade of CK357+000~ More than 10 83 Right 19 Bridge 100 0 Fuxin CK357+100 households 2nd Brigade of CK358+750~ Two More than 20 84 16 Bridge 90 1000 Jingbian CK359+000 sides households Total amount 424500 9.4.2 The traction substation affects the treatment measurements According to the analogy analysis, the power frequency electric field strength and power frequency magnetic field strength generated by the newly-built traction substation shall meet the limit value requirements in Electromagnetic Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Specification (HJ/T24-1998) for 500kV EHV (extra-high voltage) Transmission and Distribution China Academy of Railway Science 326 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Project. Primary sits for the newly built traction substation shall be Middle North Dunhua, West Antu, West Yanji, located around the internal of the war zones without any sensitive point. There shall be no sensitive buildings within 50m near Jilin+30, West Tumen +29. In next stage, when choosing concrete sits for the traction substation, the existing sits shall be maintained. If there are any changes in the sits, the walls shall be ensured to be more than 10m away from the sensitive buildings. For the traction substation in North Weihuling -18, in the present stage, only the kilometer post of the primary sites shall have been sure and the primary site shall not be sure at which side of the line. There is 1th Brigade of Houliu near the right side of the line and there are no sensitive buildings within 50m around the left side of line. It is suggested that the left side of the line shall be chosen to be the site of the traction substation in North Weihuling -18. The wall shall be ensured 10m away from the sensitive buildings in the final sites chosen for all the newly-built substations. Suggested by the assessment, in choosing sites for the substations in next stage and the construction stage, the construction unit shall consider the environmental impact caused by the construction period of the substations (the area the substation covers, soil and water loss) and the transformer noise and so on and shall choose the place where the transportation is convenient and far from the village so that the existing road shall be used as the construction road to reduce the construction of the new shortcut, reducing the damage to the ground vegetation, lowering water and soil loss. At the same time, it is far away from village so the noise impact of the transformer on the villagers shall be decreased. 9.4.3 GSM-R the radiation protection for the base station GSM-R digital wireless train dispatching shall be applied in this project. According to the calculation results, over 18m away from the antenna, the power density of any height shall meet the requirements of the limit value smaller than 8 W/cm2. Within 18m from the antenna, for the buildings lower than the height of the over-standard area of the antenna, the radiation value shall also meet the requirements. Therefore, in choosing base station sites, the height of the antenna shall be 5m higher than the buildings within 18m. 9.5 Assessment summary As predicted in the statements, the electromagnetic radiation generated when the train is running after the project shall make the SNR of each channel received by applying the antenna along lower to some degree. Because the TV signal coverage along the project is very poor, the ratio of watching TV by using the satellite antenna and cable TV shall be very high and the ratio of watching TV by using common antenna shall be very low. Watching TV programs through cable TV shall eliminate the electromagnetic radiation impact when a train runs through and at the same time, the problems of train body reflection and occlusion impact shall be fully solved. According to the prediction results, a total amount of 424.5 thousand RMB shall be reserved for compensation for the sensitive points where the TV reception quality will lower obviously after the project. The power frequency electric field and magnetic field generated by the newly-built traction substation shall not have a harmful impact on the nearby residents’ health. The main radiation direction of the China Academy of Railway Science 327 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project antenna in GSM-R base station shall be outside or within 18m. But when the buildings are 5m higher than the height of the antenna, the radiation power density shall be smaller than 8 W/cm2, in line with the requirements of standards GB8702-88 and HJ/T10.3-1996. The environmental measures proposed by the statement are that cable TV netting compensation 424.5 thousand RMB shall be reserved for the residents who watch TV through antenna and the compensation will be implemented into the sensitive points where the TV reception quality obviously lowers after the project; that the power frequency electric field strength and power frequency magnetic field strength generated by the newly-built traction substations shall meet the limit value in HJ/T24-1998 and when choosing specific sites for building the traction substations in next stage, the wall shall be ensured to be more than 10m away from the sensitive buildings; that it is required that the settlements and schools and other sensitive points shall be avoided entering the radiation over-standard areas in choosing sites for building the GSM-R base station and that its antenna shall be 5m higher than the buildings within 18m areas. China Academy of Railway Science 328 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 10. The Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment 10.1 General 10.1.1 Assessment contents The atmospheric pollution sources in this project shall be the newly-built station and the boiler added to the rebuilt station. There are totally nine stations in the whole line, including respectively West Jiaohe Station, North Weihuling Station, Dunhua Station, South Dashitou Station, West Antu Station, West Yanji Station, Tumen Station, North Liangshui station and North Hunchun station. There are three newly established comprehensive maintenance depots in West Jiaohe Station, Dunhua Station and Tumen Station respectively. It is designed to add 25 coal-fired boilers in the whole line. In which, three 0.35 MW, five 0.7MW, one 1.4MW coal-fired boilers shall be set and others shall be lower than 0.35MW ones. The Jiao-He West Station shall be located at the protection area of the three lakes in the Songhua River. In this stage, heating by multi connected central air-conditioning system shall be taken into consideration. Additionally, this project involve shall involve one existing boiler in Dunhua Station and three existing boilers in Tumen Station. This time, the discharge of the atmospheric pollutants from the newly added coal-fired boilers after having completed the project shall have been predicted and evaluated, whether it meets the standards shall have been analyzed and whether the design of the newly added boilers and the existing boilers in the stations is reasonable shall have been assessed and analyzed. 10.1.2 Assessment standard For the environmental atmosphere quality, the secondary standards in GB3095-96 Environmental Atmosphere Quality Standards shall be implemented. For the standards for discharge of boiler flue gas, II schedule standard in secondary grade in GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants caused by boiler shall be implemented, as shown in Table 10-1-1. Table 10-1-1 Standards for discharge of boiler flue gas Unit: mg/m3 Dust discharge SO discharge NO discharge Boiler Class 2 x concentration concentration concentration <0.7MW Coal-Fired 120 900 / Boiler Other Boilers 200 900 / 10.1.3 The assessment factors. According to the analysis on the project, the dust and SO2 shall be defined as the assessment factors in this project. China Academy of Railway Science 329 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 10.1.4 Calculation methods of pollutants Dust discharge QBAD=−(1η ) dust 1 Where: Qdust—Dust discharge (t/a) B—Coal consumption (t/a); A—Ash content in Coal (%); D—The percentage of dust in ash in the flue gas (%), taking 18%; 1—Dust removal rate of dust removal system, taking 95%. SO2 discharge Q = 1.6BS(1−η ) SO2 2 QSO Where: 2 —SO2 discharge (t/a); B—Coal consumption (t/a); S—Sulfur content in coal (%); 2— Desulphurization efficiency of the dust removal system (%). Calculation of theoretical air capacity V0=1.01×Q/1000+0.5 3 Where: V0— Theoretical air capacity (Nm /kg) Q—Low calorific value of fuel (kcal/kg), taking 6500kcal/kg. Calculation of actual flue gas capacity Vy 0.89×Q/1000+1.65+( -1)×V0 3 Where: Vy—Actual flue gas capacity (Nm /kg) - Excess Air Coefficient, Reference to GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants from boiler in which the coefficient for coal-fired boiler shall be specified as 1.8. Calculation of the concentration of pollutants in flue gas 6 C Q/(Vy×B)×10 In the formula: C—Concentration of pollutants (mg/Nm3); Q—Discharge of pollutants (t/a) China Academy of Railway Science 330 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 10.2 Analysis on waste gas emission during operation period 10.2.1 Analysis on waste gas emission of existing pollutants This project involves the existing stations of Dunhua Station and Tumen Station. The existing Dunhua Station is located at Dunhua city in Yanbian Korean nationality autonomous prefecture in Jilin province. It is a section station on Chang-Tu line. This project shall build a new Dunhua station at 500m northeast from the existing Dunhua station. A set of hot-water boiler made by Nanjing boiler factory in 1999 has been set in the existing Dunhua station. The existing Tumen Station is a section station on Chang-Tu line, terminal station, start point station on Tu-Jia Line and joint station of Tu-Hun local railway. Three sets of vertical steam boilers have been set in the existing Tumen Station. The energy consumption and discharge of atmospheric pollutants are of the existing boilers shown in Table 10-2-1. Table 10-2-1 Estimation of the energy consumption and discharge of the atmospheric pollutants of existing boiler Discharge Dust Coal concentration Discharge of No. Station Boiler capacity removal consumption of pollutants pollutants(t/a) Remarks device (t/a) (mg/m3) SO2 Dust SO2 Dust Meeting Wet dust 1 Dunhua 4.2MW 1500 391 39 7.68 0.76 the collector standard Over- 0.17MW / 97 978 1926 1.24 2.44 standard Over- 2 Tumen 0.24MW / 60 978 1926 0.77 1.51 standard Over- 0.35MW / 50 978 1926 0.64 1.26 standard Total 1707 10.33 5.97 It can be concluded from the Table 10-2-1 that in this section, the discharge concentration of SO2 and dust of coal-fired boiler in the existing Dunhua station shall meet the standard requirements, while the discharge concentration of SO2 and dust of the three coal-fired boilers in the existing Tumen station shall not meet the standard requirements. The SO2 discharge of the existing coal- fired boilers shall be 10.33t/a. The dust discharge of them shall be 5.97t/a. 10.2.2 Analysis on newly added atmospheric pollution sources In this project, there are 25 newly added boilers which are mainly used in heating in workers’ living. The survey of the newly added boilers and the discharge of the pollutants are shown in detail in Table 10-2-2. Table 10-2-2Table of survey of newly added boilers and discharge of the pollutants China Academy of Railway Science 331 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Discharge Discharge concentrati Dust Coal of Atmospheric Boiler on of Remark No. removal Set consumpti Pollutants(t/ discharge points capacity pollutants s device on (t/a) a) (mg/m3) SO2 Dust SO2 Dust Comprehensive Meeting maintenance Wet dust the 1 0.35MW 1 180 391 96 0.92 0.23 depot in North collector standar Weihuling station d Comprehensive Meeting Maintenance Wet dust the 2 0.35MW 1 180 391 96 0.92 0.23 depot in Dunhua collector standar station d Comprehensive Meeting maintenance Wet dust the 3 0.35MW 1 180 391 96 0.92 0.23 depot in Tumen collector standar station d Meeting Dunhua Wet dust the 4 0.7MW 1 360 391 39 1.84 0.18 station collector standar d Meeting Power supply Wet dust the 5 Workshop in 0.7MW 1 360 391 39 1.84 0.18 collector standar Dunhua d Meeting Wet dust the 6 West Antu Station 0.7MW 1 360 391 39 1.84 0.18 collector standar d Meeting Wet dust the 7 Tumen Station 0.7MW 1 360 391 39 1.84 0.18 collector standar d Meeting North Hunchun Wet dust the 8 0.7MW 1 360 391 39 1.84 0.18 station collector standar d Meeting Wet dust the 9 North Yanji Station 1.4MW 1 630 391 39 3.23 0.32 collector standar d 0.35M 10 Others / 16 1456 685 96 13.05 1.83 W Total 25 4426 28.24 3.74 According to the design materials, the chimney of newly added 0.35 MW boilers in this line shall be designed not lower than 20m. The chimney of newly added 0.7MW and 1.4MW boilers in this line shall be designed not lower than 25m. The boilers of more than 0.35MW (included) capacity are mainly set in the station house of the station. The other 16 hot-water heating boilers of smaller China Academy of Railway Science 332 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project capacity than 0.35MW are mainly set in the tunnel ventilation housing, work area of contact net and list check housing. Concrete situations are as follows: (1) In the tunnel ventilation housing in North Weihuling Station, one DDL-300 and DDL-500 hot- water heating boilers shall be set respectively. (2) One DDL-2000 hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the master station building in South Dashitou Station. (3) One DDL-2000WY hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the work area of the contact net of West Antu Station. (4) One DDL-1500 hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the parking lot in West Yanji Station. (5) One DDL-2000 hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the work area of the contact net in Tumen Station. One DDL-300 hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the tunnel defending housing. Three DDL-300 hot-water heating boilers shall be set in the list check housing. (6) One DDL-1500 hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the mater station building in North Liangshui station. Two DDL-300 hot-water heating boilers shall be set in the tunnel defending housing. (7) One DDL-2000WY hot-water heating boiler shall be set in the work area of the contact net in the North Hunchun station. Two DDL-300 hot-water heating boilers shall be set in the tunnel defending housing. It can be concluded from Table 10-2-2 that the discharge concentration of the dust and SO2 of the newly added coal-fired boilers along the line shall meet the II section standard in secondary class in GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants from boilers; that after boiler flue gas has been purified and the dust in which has been removed by wet dust collector, the discharge concentration of the flue gas has been effectively controlled. 10.2.3 Analysis on pollutants changing The discharge of the dust and SO2 of newly added boilers in this project can meet the standard. Because the wet dust collector has been set, the discharge of the dust and SO2 of the boilers in the existing Dunhua Station shall also meet the standard. The dust and SO2 discharge of the existing boilers shall be 10.33t/a and 5.97t/a respectively. The dust and SO2 discharge of the newly added boilers shall be 3.74t/a and 28.24t/a respectively. The statistic of the discharge of the pollutants are shown in detail in Table 10-2-3 Table 10-2-3 Statistic table of pollutants discharge SO2 t/a Dust t/a Name of station Cut Cut Existing Increased Existing Increased down down West Jiaohe Station 0 0 0 0 0 0 North Weihuling 0 1.64 0 0 0.33 0 Sattion Dunhua Station 7.68 4.60 0 0.76 0.59 0 China Academy of Railway Science 333 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project South Dashitou Station 0 1.84 0 0 0.26 0 West Antu Station 0 3.68 0 0 0.44 0 West Yanji Station 0 4.62 0 0 0.52 0 Tumen station 2.65 5.68 0.8 5.21 0.83 4.96 North Liangshui station 0 1.93 0 0 0.28 0 North Hunchun station 0 4.22 0 0 0.52 0 Sum total 10.33 28.24 0.8 5.97 3.74 4.96 10.2.4 Atmospheric pollution control measures 1. The operation management on the existing boilers shall be strengthened. The boiler workers’ technique and operation level shall be enhanced to ensure the boiler shall normally operate to reduce the discharge to ensure the discharge concentration of the waste gas from the boiler shall meet the standard. 2. Because desulphurization and dust removal device has not been set in all the three boilers in the existing Tu-Men Station, the discharge of SO2 and dust shall not meet the standard. Suggested by the assessment, the three existing boilers shall be transformed into environment-friendly boilers so that the boiler chimney concentration shall meet the II section standard of secondary class in GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants from boilers. 3. As predicted, the discharge of pollutants from newly added coal-fired boilers along the line shall meet the II section standard of secondary class in GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants from boilers. 10.2.5 Estimation on investment of atmospheric pollution treatment The environmental protection measurement and investment estimation of atmospheric pollution treatment in this project are shown in Table 10-2-4 Table 10-2-4Table on investment estimation on prevention and control atmospheric pollution Unit: 10 thousand Dust Assessment Boiler Evaluation and Design of Increasing No. Set removal Remarks of capacity suggestions investment investment device investment Wet 1 0.35MW 3 dust 6 6 0 collector Wet 2 0.7MW 5 dust New set Same as that in the 11 11 0 collector boilers design Wet 3 1.4MW 1 dust 3.8 3.8 0 collector 4 0.35MW 16 No 0 0 0 Be transformed into Existing 5 0.35MW 3 No environment- 0 2.5 2.5 boilers friendly boilers China Academy of Railway Science 334 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Wet Maintaining the 6 4.2 MW 1 dust 0 0 0 current situation collector Total 20.8 23.3 2.5 10.3 Analysis on atmospheric environmental impact in construction period 10.3.1 Analysis on waste gas from construction In construction period, atmospheric pollution mainly comes from the following: flour dust and fugitive dust pollutions caused by constructing construction access, soil excavating and depositing site, earth carrying work, rock breaking work, concrete spraying operations and construction material stacking area; automobile exhaust pollution generated by transit vehicles. This pollution impact shall last in the whole construction period. In the construction period, the impact of this project on the surrounding atmospheric environment shall be: 1. The increase of the construction machinery and transit vehicles powered by fuel must result in corresponding increase of the discharge of the waste gas. 2. In construction process, the process of excavation, backfilling, demolition and loading and unloading of the sand, lime and the materials shall generate flour dust pollution. The secondary fugitive dust shall be caused in the process of vehicles transition. In the construction period, the flour dust is the most important pollutant to the atmosphere environmental impact. 3.In the construction process, the use of the volatile, foul materials with poisonous smell, such as paint and asphalt and so on as well as the use of the heated asphalt to recover the road on the ground shall generate atmospheric pollution. 10.3.2 Impacts analysis on waste gas from construction 1. Impacts Analysis on construction equipments and vehicle emissions pollution Construction equipments and vehicle emissions pollution will last for a long time, and go with the whole process of project construction, but the emissions is less, only confined to the local area surrounding the construction equipments and construction roads. So it is hard to take substantive measures for this pollutant, moreover, it also has small effects within the environment capability. 2. Analysis on the fugitive dust in construction During the course of construction, excavation, filling, loading and unloading of sandstone and materials, etc will produce dust, the secondary fugitive dust coming from vehicle transportation will last longest and obvious. If the vehicle speed and weight is not changed, fugitive dust will depend on the quantity of dust on road, and the large dust quantity, the serious the fugitive dust. By a sketchy account, when the mud exposed to air in construction, the dust contamination within construction area can increase 0.3-0.8mg/m3 of the TSP in the air within 20-50m away from the China Academy of Railway Science 335 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project construction site. According to the dust monitoring for certain typical construction site and surrounding areas by Wuhan environmental Monitoring Center, the construction site has high level management, often keeps the inside wet, the dust source mainly is the secondary fugitive dust produced by dump truck and excavator in the course of work. The monitoring results are referred to table 10-3-1. If put the above monitoring results in a rectangular coordinate to form a curve (see figure 10-3-1), the overproof range of daily average density value will be about 80-90m away from the boundary. Thus, the fugitive dust in construction area will react on the quality of atmosphere environment and life of the residents within a certain range around the area. Table 10-3-1 TSP density value in the air within different distances from construction area No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distance (m) 10 20 30 40 50 100 Density(mg/m3) 1.75 1.3 0.78 0.365 0.345 0.33 P 736 PJ1P Figure10-3-1 TSP density Graph following the distance changes (m) Distance (m) (mg/Nm3) Density (mg/Nm3) The table 10-3-1 reveals that the TSP density value is a clear downward trend within 40m range in the surrounding area of construction yard, and TSP density value is basically stable out of 50m range. 10.3.3 Measures and suggests for waste gas treatment in construction process The key area to prevent the fugitive dust and tail gas pollution is farm area along the project and the places with large population. China Academy of Railway Science 336 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 1. During the construction period, the transport vehicle shall be strengthened management; dump truck shall be covered with tarpaulin. The transport vehicle and various fuel construction machineries shall firstly use low-sulfur gasoline containing sulfur below 0.02% or the low-sulfur diesel containing sulfur below 0.035% the tail gas from motor vehicle shall meet the standard. 2. In the area possible affected by fugitive dust, strengthen construction access’s maintenance to reduce the transport fugitive dust on the line with higher and more fixed transport frequency. 3. Increase the constructors’ environmental protection thought, strengthen the environment management, appoint special person to be responsible for the cleaning to reduce the impact on atmosphere environment for project construction. The construction yard shall not have fugitive dust and repugnant substance from burning. The impact on atmosphere environment is temporary in construction period, and will be gradually disappear after construction. Moreover, the pollution source is dispersed through the whole lines following the construction process, the fluidity is bigger, most work branches are far from city with fewer residents, and air environment capacity is bigger, so the impact on atmosphere environment shall be minimized in construction period by series environmental measures. 10.4 Summary 1. It is shown that, for all the new boiler of this project, pollutants are all up to the Class Area period standard of GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants. 2. For the existing boiler, it shall be strengthened the operational management and improve the boilermen’s skill and operational level to ensure its normal production, reduce emissions and ensure the concentration of boiler exhaust gas to reach the standard. 3. Due to the dust emission concentration of three boilers in existing Tumen Station cannot meet the Class Area period standard of GB13271-2001 Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants, the environmental impact assessment advises to add 25,000yuan to the investment in order to change them to be environmental boilers. 4. This project adopts the pulling methods by electric locomotive, which will not affect the atmosphere environmental quality along the lines, so the atmosphere environmental quality in the project area will not change a lot. 5. The impact coverage and extent of atmosphere environment along the routes is comparatively small in construction period, the pollution is temporary, and will be disappear as the end of the project. Take series environmental protection measures of covering with tarpaulin and water-jet dust preventing to effectively control the fugitive dust in construction period. China Academy of Railway Science 337 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 11. Impact of the solid waste 11.1 General Solid waste comprises of construction and domestic garbage produced during construction. During operation, the solid waste is mainly composed of the cinder from the coal-fired boiler, and the garbage produced in the staff domestic and the passenger train. 11.2 Impact of solid waste during construction The solid waste under construction is mainly composed of the construction garbage produced in bridge and culvert construction and the station rebuilding, and the staff domestic garbage. The solid waste will do harm to the environment when not appropriately dealt with. Strong wind and rain will also have great effect on the environment. The construction organization shall schedule and fill earth with the construction garbage. Do not build the subgrade and the bridge and culvert in rainy days, so as to prevent pollution to the ground water and loss of water and soil. The construction site shall have special area for construction and domestic garbage. Do not litter. The garbage shall be conveyed to the proposal site. 11.3 Impact of solid waste during operation 11.3.1 Cinder from the boiler There are 25 new coal- fired boilers, where there is none in Jilin and West Jiaohe Station. The amount of cinder is calculated with the following formula. As shown in the table, the new release of the cinder is 398.1t/a. = × × + − S W A (1 BD ) Where: S— Amount of cinder, t/a; W— Coal consumption for the boiler, t/a; A— Ash content, the local coal ash is 14%; D— Percentage of coal leakage to ash, 2%; B— Percentage of dust to ash, 18%. Table 11-3-1 Amount of cinder from new boilers along the line Coal consumption Name of (t/a) Amount of No. New boilers Quantity station Boilers Stations cinder (t/a) in total in total North Coal-burning free flow hot 1 1 3.4 208.6 24.5 Weihuling water boiler DDL-300 Coal-burning free flow hot 1 25.2 water boiler DDL-500 China Academy of Railway Science 338 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Coal consumption Name of (t/a) Amount of No. New boilers Quantity station Boilers Stations cinder (t/a) in total in total Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 180 0.35MW Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 180 0.35MW 2 Dunhua 900 105.8 Coal-burning hot water boiler 2 720 0.7MW South Coal-burning free flow hot 3 1 51.3 6.0 Dashitou water boiler DL-2000WY Coal-burning free flow hot 1 51.3 water boiler DL-2000WY 4 West Antu 411.3 48.4 Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 360 0.7MW Coal-burning free flow hot 1 77.4 water boiler DDL-1500 5 West Yanji 707.4 83.2 Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 630 1.4MW Coal-burning free flow hot 4 13.6 water boiler DDL-300 Coal-burning free flow hot 1 51.3 water boiler DL-2000WY 6 Tumen 604.9 71.1 Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 180 0.35MW Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 360 0.7MW Coal-burning free flow hot 2 6.8 North water boiler DDL-300 7 84.2 9.9 Liangshui Coal-burning free flow hot 1 77.4 water boiler DDL-1500 Coal-burning free flow hot 2 6.8 water boiler DDL-300 North Coal-burning free flow hot 8 1 51.3 418.1 49.2 Hunchun water boiler DL-2000WY Coal-burning hot water boiler 1 360 0.7MW 9 Total / 25 3385.8 398.1 11.3.2 Domestic garbage by the new staff The amount of domestic garbage is calculated according to the number of new staff, as shown in the following equation: Qn=2.2•P•r•365/1000 Where: Qn—— Annual domestic garbage, t; P—— Number of new staff, person; r—— Daily garbage per capita, kg/people · d; the value is 0.6. China Academy of Railway Science 339 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The domestic garbage discharged is calculated according to the number of new working staff. The domestic garbage discharged by new staff along the line is expected to be 563.7t/a. Table 11-3-2 shows the expected domestic garbage discharged in the station during operation. Table 11-3-2 Amount of domestic garbage discharged along the line Unit: t/a No. Station Number of people (person) Domestic garbage 1 West Jiaohe 202 97.3 2 North Weihuling 23 11.1 3 Dunhua 289 139.2 4 South Dashitou 22 10.6 5 West Antu 77 37.1 6 West Yanji 148 71.3 7 Tumen 219 105.5 8 North Liangshui 13 6.3 9 North Hunchun 154 74.2 10 Total 1147 563.7 11.3.3 Garbage discharged in the passenger train The garbage in the passenger train can be the drink bottles, degradable lunch box, newspaper and book, tissue, fruit peel and train ticket etc. The passenger garbage can be calculated according to the following equation: W=G•K•L/1000V Where: W— Annual garbage discharged (t); G— Number of passengers conveyed; K— Unit garbage discharged, calculated according to 0.05kg/people · h L— Length of the line, km; V— Speed of the passenger train. Given the passenger capacity in the large scale train station and the intermediate station, the domestic garbage is expected to be 151.8t/a in the passenger train and the train station, as shown in table 11-3-2. Table 11-3-3 Garbage discharged in main train stations Unit: t/a Number of passengers Amount conveyed of Disposal No. Station Type Discharged Remarks (ten garbage process thousand (t/a) people) China Academy of Railway Science 340 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Number of passengers Amount conveyed of Disposal No. Station Type Discharged Remarks (ten garbage process thousand (t/a) people) The garbage can is deposited Municipal Jiaohe Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 2 175 7.0 west garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal North Domestic for disposal by garbage Cross- 3 7 0.7 Weihuling garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 4 Dunhua 245 19.3 garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal South Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 5 9 0.3 Dashitou garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal West Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 6 119 10.3 Antu garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal West Domestic for disposal by garbage Passenger 7 719 71.9 Yanji garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 8 Tumen 188 15.2 garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. China Academy of Railway Science 341 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Number of passengers Amount conveyed of Disposal No. Station Type Discharged Remarks (ten garbage process thousand (t/a) people) The garbage can is deposited Municipal North Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 9 2 0.1 Liangshui garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal North Domestic for disposal by garbage Intermediate 10 356 27.0 Hunchun garbage the municipal disposal station sanitation site department. The garbage can is deposited Municipal Domestic for disposal by garbage 11 Total / 151.8 / garbage the municipal disposal sanitation site department. 11.4 Disposal of solid waste The domestic garbage along the line is collected and deposited for disposal by local sanitation department. It shall do no harm to the environment. The garbage in the passenger train shall be collected by the working staff, and delivered to the starting or ultimate destination. The garbage is collected by the existing garbage collection and conveyance system, and to be disposed at the urban garbage site, without any effect on the environment. According to Notice on Garbage Delivery Station for Passenger Train issued by the railroad department (TYH[2007] No.369), Shenyang railroad bureau in the section sets up three delivery stations of Jiaohe, Yanji and Tumen along the existing Chang-Tu railroad. For passenger conveyance along the line, the traffic is heavy only in the new West Yanji Station, and the train does not pass the existing Yanji station. Garbage conveyance facilities are thus newly equipped in West Yanji Station. 11.5 Conclusion and suggestion After completion of the project for operation, the solid waste produced mainly comprises of coal- fired boiler cinder, the garbage in the station and that discharged by the passenger. The cinder is 398.1t/a. The garbage discharged by the station staff is 563.7t/a. The garbage discharged by the passengers is 151.8t/a. The solid waste along the railroad and the station may have effect on the environment. The following measures can be taken: China Academy of Railway Science 342 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (1) The domestic garbage on the construction site shall be collected by the appointed person, and delivered to the sanitation department for disposal. The construction waste in demolition and removal of camps shall be collected, and conveyed to the waste slag yard or other appointed site for disposal. (2) The garbage discharged in the passenger train and that discharged by the staff of the train station shall be collected in the appointed place. The garbage, after being collected, shall be conveyed by the garbage vehicle to the urban garbage site for disposal. (3) The boiler slag shall be collected and used as building material for road or heat insulation material. (4) Enhanced management and publicity. According to TJWF[1996] No.9 Notice on Upgrade of Instant Lunch Box for Railroad, degradable and recyclable paper lunch box and photo-biological degradable PP lunch box shall be used, which meets the hygiene standard. (5) Make the passengers aware of environmental protection. Try to avoid litter for no harm to the environment. In general, take the measures above for delivery to the appointed place, prompt collection, concentrated disposal and improvement in discharge of garbage. Though construction and operation of the project will produce more solid waste along the railroad, especially in the station, it will not damage the environment if the solid waste is disposed and recycled according to municipal garbage disposal policies by the measures above. China Academy of Railway Science 343 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 12. Clean production, total amount of pollutant and control 12.1 Clean production In accordance with Promotion of Clean Production in People’s Republic of China, clean production shall be achieved through saving raw material, elimination of waste, low energy consumption, no pollution, moral construction and improved management. The project shall reduce its effect on the environment as much as possible during construction and operation. 1. Tract with electrical locomotive is a most clean way for the railroad in China even worldwide. 2. When the train runs, the enclosed toilet excrement collector will collect the excrement and waste water on the train for disposal in concentration, so as to prevent random discharge along the railroad. 3. The whole railroad is seamless, which avoids crash between the train and the rail gap, and thus lowers noise and vibration. 4. The project includes 9 stations, with Dunhua and Tumen as the existing stations. The existing waste water is discharged into the municipal pipe network after being treated in the septic-tank and oil separation tank. It is suggested that Tumen waste water system collects the domestic sewage in the signal building, yard house and the station of Tumen, and discharges it together with the new domestic sewage into the municipal pipe networks. The domestic sewage in West Jiaohe Station and West Antu Station meets third-grade Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard when disposed in the septic-tank, and is discharged into the municipal pipe network. Excrement and waste water in West Yanji Station is pre-treated in the septic-tank. The high concentrate excrement and sewage in the inventory yard is pre-treated in the highly efficient anaerobic tank, and discharged into the surrounding branch to Buerhatong river when treated with SBR for meeting first-grade Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. New domestic sewage in North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station when treated in the septic-tank and the anaerobic tank can meet Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard (GB5084-2005) of “dry farming”, for irrigation of the area. The new sewage in North Hunchun station is first used for irrigation of the station area, and the rest, discharged into the Chedarengou river to Hunchun river, when pre-treated in the septic-tank and with SBR sewage treatment process that meets first-grade Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. 5. Discharge from new boilers for the project can meet the standard. The three existing boilers in Tumen station are not equipped with desulphurization and dust-removing device, and SO2 emission China Academy of Railway Science 344 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project does not meet the standard. It is suggested to rebuild the three existing boilers into those friendly to the environment, so that the emission can meet the standard. 6. Solid waste The garbage in the passenger train and the domestic garbage in the train station are collected at the appointed place. The garbage collected is conveyed with the garbage conveyor to the urban garbage site for disposal. The boiler slag collected is used for building or heat insulation. 7. The building is built in compliance with Codes on Heat and Ventilation and Air-conditioning (GBJ19-87) (edition 2001), Standard on Energy-saving of Residential Building (Heat and Residential Building) (JGJ26-95), Codes on Energy-saving for Railroad (TB10016-2002) and Codes on Residential Building Heat Engineering (GB50176-93). The building saves energy with its position and orientation for daylight and ventilation. 12.2 Control on total emission of pollutant According to [2006] No. 90 Control of Total Emission of Pollutant during “the Eleventh Five-Year Plan” issued by national environmental protection bureau, the project will control total emission of water pollutant CODcr and air pollutant SO2. The project defines the key pollution source and pollutant to the railroad for control according to the emission, pollution control, standards met, actual pollution load and environmental sensitivity. Key water pollutant to be controlled: CODcr in domestic sewage in the station. Key air pollutant to be controlled: SO2 in the air pollutant emitted from the boiler. The study estimates the total emission of the water and air pollutant, as shown in table 12-2-1 and 12-2-2. 1. Water pollutant Table 12-2-1 Discharge of water pollutant Unit: t/a Amount of waste Position of water (m3/d) Administrative Existing New Total pollution Existing new Pollutant division discharge discharge discharge source Domestic Domestic water water West Jiaohe 0 20.2 COD 0 0.74 0.74 Jilin city Station Cr Subtotal 0 20.2 0 0.74 0.74 North Yanbian Not Weihuling 0 2.3 COD 0 0.04 Prefecture Cr discharged Sattion Dunhua 75 28.9 CODCr 4.44 1.18 5.63 South Not Dashitou 0 2.2 COD 0 0.05 Cr discharged station West Antu 0 7.7 COD 0 0.35 0.35 Station Cr China Academy of Railway Science 345 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project West Yanji 0 14.8 COD 0 2.56 2.56 Station Cr Tumen station 100 21.9 CODCr 5.92 0.80 6.72 North Not Liangshui 0 1.3 COD 0 0.03 Cr discharged station North Hunchun 0 15.4 CODCr 0 0.09 0.09 station Subtotal 175 94.5 10.44 5.1 15.54 Total 175 114.7 10.44 5.84 16.09 2. Air pollutant SO2 in the air pollutant emitted from the boiler along the railroad. Table 12-2-2 Air pollutant emitted Unit: t/a Total Reduction Reduction in emission Administrative Existing New in emission emission for Total Pollutant from the division discharge discharge for the new the new and discharge new boiler old boiler boiler Jilin city SO2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yanbian SO 10.33 70.90 42.66 28.24 0.8 37.77 Prefecture 2 12.3 Conclusion As shown in table 12-2-1 and table 12-2-2, the project will greatly reduce emission of pollutant with the measures above. The following measures are recommended for control of total emission of pollutant for new Jilin-Hunchun railway. 1. The pollutant discharged by the railroad station is less, which shall not be regarded as the main target for control. The project treats pollutant in concentration. The waste water in large stations is drained through municipal system, and to be treated in depth by the municipal sewage treatment plant. 2. Report and examine drainage for the railroad department, and approve the discharge of pollutant for each unit through thorough supervision and calculation with the help of local environmental protection department. 3. The railroad department shall make statistical record for drainage, perfectly schedule the total amount and control plan, and strictly check so that total discharge of pollutant under control is within the limit suggested by the organization. 4. Thoroughly control sewage discharge, so as for normal function of pollution control facilities and standard met in discharge. Meanwhile, the local environmental protection department shall assist in management and supervision. China Academy of Railway Science 346 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 13 Public involvement 13.1 General 13.1.1 Basis of public involvement Public involvement in evaluation of environmental impact is a basic requirement of our socialist country, with people as the master of our country. It is stated in the constitution of China that all power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people. “The people administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law.” The public are involved in evaluation of environmental impact and, put forward opinion and requirement, and defend their own right. It is a basic requirement from respect and defense of human right. According to Temporary Procedures on Public Involvement in Evaluation of Environmental Impact (E2006 [28]) issued on Feb. 14, 2006 by national environmental protection bureau and in consideration of the project, the study consults the public with many methods, makes statistical analysis of the feedback, and incorporates the public opinion and suggestion on environmental protection into corresponding chapters of the evaluation study. 13.1.2 Purpose of public involvement The purpose of public involvement is to make the public familiar with the background of the project, the possible environmental impact and its extent and scope, the measures to be takes for alleviation of the environmental impact and the extent, to improve the successive plan, to make the public speak their mind and adopt their suggestion, to make the public able to exert influence on the project, to take operable measures for elimination of negative effect on environment impact, to resolve public conflict and disagreement so as for no resistance to execution of government plan, to ensure rationality and validness for government’s decision-making, to meet legal requirement from the public, to exchange idea between the government and the public, to highlights the problem that the public focus on and the sense of value, and to make the public familiar with the plan by the government and the organization, so as for satisfactory measures. 13.2 Public involvement in evaluation of environmental impact 13.2.1 Respondents of the survey (1) The public People along the railroad and people concerned with the project, mainly those living within the assessment area. (2) Government and social association China Academy of Railway Science 347 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Government, planning bureau, environmental protection bureau, state land resource bureau and forestry bureau in the area. 13.2.2 Method of involvement (1) Site survey Make survey on site and visit the organization and residents concerned with the project. Consult the public through public bulletins, distribution of questionnaires, holding public meetings, and individual interviews. The ecological protection and pollution prevention measures stated in the study were conveyed to the public, and the public opinion on pollution prevention on construction and operation were collected and incorporated intothe EIA. See photo in below for site seuvey process. (2) Information disclosure The evaluation organization, when survey on site, shall make public to the villages along the railroad about the name of the project, brief introduction to the project, construction unit, name and contact method of environment evaluation organization, evaluation procedures and content, events for public consultation and method of public response. China Academy of Railway Science 348 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Picture of public involvement Consult the public opinion on the project through internet and newspaper were conducted. The first stage took place during July – August, 2010. Before the environmental evaluation study is sent to the administration department for review, the evaluation organization first announces environmental evaluation result of new Jilin-Hunchun railway on the website of China Academy of Railway Science(http://www.rails.com.cn) on July 22, 2010, and second announces on the website of China Academy of Railway Science, on August 11, 2010, issue the detail and environmental impact study in brief, and consult the public on their opinion. On August 2, 2010 and August 3, 2010 respectively, the environmental impact evaluation study is published on Yanbian Daily and Jiangcheng Daily. See the following picture. China Academy of Railway Science 349 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Stage 1 Newspaper and internet disclosure The second stage disclosure and consultation took place during Nov 2010- Feb 2011. The newspaper announcement of full document disclosure was made on Jilin Daily on February 11, 2011. EIA report is available at local environmental protection bureaus, and railway administrative offices. The full EIA report can also be downloaded from the website of China Railway Enginering Consultants Group (http://www.cec-cn.com.cn). See photo in below for details. China Academy of Railway Science 350 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Stage 2 Newspaper and internet disclosure China Academy of Railway Science 351 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 13.2.3 Result of survey among the public (1) Content of the survey Public involvement is critical to evaluation of environmental impact of the project. Survey the public in all walks of life through investigation of popular issues, sending out questionnaires and visiting residents along the railroad. Refer to table 13-2-1 for the detail and format of the survey. Brief introduction to the project: The new Jilin-Hunchun railway is located in Jilin, stretching from Jilin in the west to Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous State, Hunchuan in the east. The railroad comes out of Jilin station, runs along existing Chang-Tu line, and turns to the northeast when crossing Songhua River. It goes along the mountain, and turns to the northeast when out of West Jiaohe Station in the southwest of Jiaohe urban area. It runs forward along the south of Chang-Ji-Tu express highway, across state way G302 when crossing the border of Dunhua, which enters the urban area of Dunhua. The railroad runs forward along the south of existing Chang-Tu line, gets in South Dashitou Station and turns to the east into Antu county, where there is West Antu Station. Out of the station, the railroad runs forward along the south of Buerhatong river, and turns eastward into Chaoyangchuan county in Jilin. It crosses the external ring road in Yanji and enters Yilan county in the north of Yanji. It goes out of Yanji into Tumen, crossing the existing Changtu line eastward toward the existing Tumen station northward. When running out of the station, it comes to North Liangshui station in Funing village, Liangshui county. It then runs eastward across Tu-Hun express highway Liangshui line along the north of Mijiang village, and enters urban Hunchun, i.e. the northern suburb of Hunchun, North Hunchun station. The whole railroad stretches 365.352km. Construction of the project includes subgrade, station, bridge, tunnel, construction camp, construction access, material site, soil excavating and deposit site and slag deposit site. The project runs in double line, with its speed at 250km/h, pulled by electricity. 8 new stations are built, and one rebuilt. There are 104 extra-large and small, middle and large bridges, with the total length of 86.8km. There are 85 tunnels, 155144m long in total. The bridge to tunnel ratio is 66.2%. The longest bridge is 5606m long, and the longest tunnel, 9909m long. The earth and stone work of the subgrade, tunnel, station, and bridge subgrade is 6990.29×104m3 in total, where the fill earth is 2384.50×104m3, and the earth excavation is 4605.79×104m3. The project occupies 1173.78hm2 of permanent land and 1043.1hm2 of temporary land. The permanent land is mainly forest land and farm land. The temporary project includes 2 railroad bases and 6 beam manufacturing site. The new construction access is 202.1km, and the rebuilt, 212.1km. The estimated investment of the project is CNY 40417 million. The construction period is scheduled at 4 years. During construction, the project may have effect on the environment in land occupation, demolition and loss of water and soil. During operation, the impact on the environment comes from the noise and vibration of the train, and the domestic sewage from the station on the water environment. China Academy of Railway Science 352 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The ecological protection for the main project includes slope protection with greensward, three- dimensional vegetation, three-dimensional vegetation for grass planting, three-dimensional vegetative net for slope protection with greensward, mortar rubble masonry pavement, drainage ditch, side ditch and intercepting ditch. The measures for lowering noise include providing sound screen for the sensitive point near the railroad, where the building groups are intensive or large in scale, and insulation of sound for the building, i.e. providing ventilating and sound insulation windows for the sensitive point far from the railroad, where the building groups scatter or small in scale. Table 13-2-1 Your Opinion on Newly-built Railroad Jilin-Hunchuan Passenger Traffic Line Name Gender Age Nationality The The Management The WorkerPeasant Teacher Student Soldier Others primary high Job staff Education college school school company or Phone your number address 1. How do you know about the Ji-Hun passenger traffic line to be built: a. radio b. newspaper c. TV d. others 2. Are you for or against building the railroad: a. for b. against c. it’s all the same 3. Are you satisfied with the traffic: a. very satisfied b. satisfied c. not satisfied 4. What do you think of the environment for your residence? a. good b. ordinary c. poor 5. What do you think of the main environmental impact from railroad construction: a. noise b. vibration c. ecological damage d. water pollution e. air pollution 6. What do you think of the environmental impact by the project: a. significant b. great c. slight d. none 7. What do you think that can alleviate the effect from railroad construction: a. shelter around the construction site b. far away from the residential area c. others 8. What do you think of the main environmental impact by the railroad: a. ecological b. noise c. water pollution d. electromagnetic pollution e. vibration 9. What do you think effective in elimination of negative effect by the railroad: a. greening with trees b. sound screen c. sound insulation window d. demolition e. others 10. If the railroad is to be built out of policy or development, and the railroad has to pass through your residential area due to technical condition, what will you do: a. being for building the railroad b. being against building the railroad c. asking for appropriate environmental pollution disposal d. asking for demolition and appropriate compensation e. others 11. What do you ask for when your land is occupied: a. appropriate compensation b. settlement at other place c. job d. others 12. What do you think of settlement in case of demolition: a. settlement at the local area b. settlement at the appointed place c. others 13. What do you think of the effect of railroad construction on the local development: a. beneficial b. not beneficial c. I don’t know 14. What do you think of the railroad in your traveling: a. beneficial b. not beneficial c. I don’t know 15. What do you think effective to eliminate environmental pollution by the project: a. complaint to the environmental department b. resolution with legal procedures c. holding back construction and operation of the project China Academy of Railway Science 353 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Your opinion and suggestion on the project construction and environmental impact (use a separate page if necessary): Brief introduction to the project Jilin-Hunchun passenger traffic line is located in Jilin province. It starts from Jilin in the west, and ends in Hunchun, Yanbian Korean Autonomous State in the east. The newly-built railroad is 365.352km long. There are 9 railroad stations, west Jiaohe, north Weihuling, Dunhua, south Dashitou, west Antu, west Yanji, Tumen, north Liangshui, north Hunchun, all of which are intermediate stations. The subgrade of the whole line is 107.997km long, which accounts for 29.56% of the total railroad. There are 56 extra-large bridges, 75453.66m, 48 small, medium and large bridges, 11357.45m longs, and 85 tunnels 155144m long. The length of the tunnel accounts for 66.2% of that of the total. Remarks: the respondents shall send the form completed to the working staff on site, or mail the form to the following address: Ji-Hun passenger traffic environment evaluation project team, Environmental control labor health office, China Academy of Railway Science, No. 2 Daliushu road, xiwai street, Haidian district, Beijing, zip code 100081. (2) Brief introduction to the survey The respondents of the survey are the government departments concerned with the project and the work unit and residential area that may be seriously polluted by the railroad. 125 questionnaires are sent to the public for survey, where 118 are received, accounting for 94% of the total. The respondents differ in gender, age, career and education. See table 13-2-2 for the information on respondents. Table 13-2-2. Statistics on respondents in public involvement Type of the project Structure of personnel Number of people (number) Ratio (%) Male 78 67 Gender Female 39 33 30 Ages 6 5 30 40 Ages 18 16 Age composition 40 50 Ages 41 35 50 Ages 51 44 The primary school 13 12 The junior high school 32 29 Education The senior high school 37 34 The college 28 25 Management staff 29 26 Worker 11 10 Peasant 39 36 Job Teacher 9 8 Soldier 2 2 Others 20 18 China Academy of Railway Science 354 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 13-2-1 33% 67% Fig. 13-2-1 Gender composition of the respondents Fig. 13-2-1 Gender composition of the 13-2-1 respondents Male Female 13-2-2 5% 16% 18-30 44% 31-40 41-50 35% >50 Fig. 13-2-2 Age composition of the respondents 13-2-2 Fig. 13-2-2 Age composition of the respondents 13-2-3 12% 25% 29% 34% Fig. 13-2-3 Education of the respondents 13-2-3 Fig. 13-2-3 Education of the respondents The primary school and the kindergarten China Academy of Railway Science 355 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The junior high school The senior high school The college 13-2-4 2% 18% 26% 0% 8% 36% 10% Fig. 13-2-4 Career composition of respondents 13-2-4 Fig. 13-2-4 Career composition of respondents Management staff Worker Peasant Teacher Student Soldier Others 13.3 Result analysis of the survey (1) Result of the survey Refer to table 13-3-1 for the result of the survey. Table 13-3-1 Table on survey of the public on their opinion of the project Number of No. Item Content people Ratio (%) (number) Radio 3 3 Source of the Newspaper 16 15 1 information TV 14 13 Others 73 69 For 104 91 Attitudes toward the 2 Against 5 4 project It’s all the same 6 5 3 Satisfaction on traffic Very satisfied 44 39 Satisfied 46 41 China Academy of Railway Science 356 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Number of No. Item Content people Ratio (%) (number) Not satisfied 23 20 Satisfaction on the Good 45 40 4 residential Ordinary 44 39 environment Poor 24 21 Noise 92 53 Vibration 46 26 Environmental impact 5 Ecological damage 26 15 by construction Water pollution 4 2 Air pollution 6 3 Significant 27 24 Extent of impact on the Great 51 46 6 environment Slight 24 22 None 9 8 Shelter of the construction site 22 21 Environmental Far away from the residential 7 measures during 75 70 area construction Others 10 9 Ecological 8 5 The impact of Noise 95 56 8 operation on Water pollution 4 2 environment Electromagnetic pollution 14 8 Vibration 50 29 Greening with trees 45 30 Providing sound screen and 44 30 sound insulation window Environmental 9 Providing sound insulation measures 15 10 window Demolition 41 28 Others 4 2 For 74 50 Against 2 1 The environmental index shall Attitudes toward land 7 5 10 meet the standard occupation Asking for demolition and 64 43 compensation others 2 1 Appropriate compensation 90 76 Attitudes toward land Settlement at other place 17 14 11 acquired Asking for jobs 8 7 Others 3 3 Settlement near the area 53 50 Attitudes toward Settlement at the appointed 12 39 37 removal place Others 13 12 13 Effect of railroad on Beneficial 96 86 local economy Not beneficial 5 4 China Academy of Railway Science 357 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Number of No. Item Content people Ratio (%) (number) I don’t know 11 10 Beneficial 94 85 14 Impact on traveling Not beneficial 7 6 I don’t know 10 9 Complaint to the environmental 58 50 Measures for department 15 prevention of Resolution with legal procedures 52 45 environmental pollution Holding back construction and 6 5 operation of the project (2) Analysis on the result The result of the survey reveals that local residents and companies are supportive of the project, and are ready for suggestion and opinion. Source of the information and attitudes toward the project Of all the respondents, 90% are supportive of and eager for the project. Most of the respondents have heard of the railroad to be built. The information comes from the site investigator and designer. 5 questionnaires for the site survey show disagreement with building Ji-Hun railroad. The reasons are listed below: a. 80% of the people holding the opposite idea live in the urban area of Jilin. They bear great noise of the existing Chang-Tu railroad, which is produced by friction between the wheel and the steel rail when the train runs in the curve across the area. The road portal in the section makes the train whistle, and the engine of the diesel locomotive also sends out a great noise. The residents are thus against building new railroad because of the noise along the railroad. b. A villager from Liushugou village, Dunhua is against building the railroad. He is afraid that the land occupied for railroad cannot be appropriately compensated after completion of the project, and his living level is lowered. Satisfaction on the traffic and residential environment Of all respondents, 61% are not satisfied with the local traffic, especially with the long-journey trip. 60% of respondents think that the residential environment is poor and is to be improved. Environmental impact factors, extent of impact and measures during construction When asked about the environmental impact factors in railroad construction, 15% of respondents regard impact on ecological environment as the primary problem. 79% of respondents think highly of noise and vibration, and less about environmental impact on water and resource. 70% of respondents think that the impact will be great or significant, while only 30% think that the impact of railroad construction on environment is slight or none. When asked about how to eliminate the effect of railroad construction on environment, 70% of respondents suggest that the railroad shall be far away from the residential area. China Academy of Railway Science 358 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Environmental impact and measures during operation 56% of respondents think that noise has a primary effect on the environment impact during operation of the project. 29% of respondents think that vibration has a primary effect. The respondents that suggest elimination of negative effect of railroad by greening with trees, sound insulation window and demolition respectively account for 30%, 30%, 10% and 28% of the total. Attitudes toward land occupation and settlement For land occupation, 76% respondents ask for appropriate compensation. For demolition and settlement, 50% respondents ask for settlement near the area, most of whom live in the rural and suburban area. 37% respondents would like to settle at the appointed place. Promotion on local economy by railroad construction The project can promote general traffic system along the line and boom local economy. In the survey, the project is thought to be good to local development by 86% of respondents, and to be a great help for residents’ traveling by 85% of respondents. Meanwhile, 5 questionnaires show worry about the role of the project in local economy. The reasons are listed below: a. Two respondents come from the community near the existing Chang-Tu line, Jilin urban area. The two respondents think that the newly built railroad can stimulate development of Yanji, while in Jilin, land occupation and demolition due to the railroad across the area will not help local development in Jilin. b. The other three respondents come from the rural area, where two of them from Liushugou village in Dunhua. The villagers are anxious that they cannot be appropriately compensated for land occupation and demolition. In addition, the new Jilin-Hunchun railway helps traffic in large cities, while not stimulating economy in the small area. Land occupation decreases farmland in the rural area, which is no help to the rural economy. Measures environmental pollution by the railroad 45% of respondents say that they will settle down the environmental issues through legal procedures. 50% of respondents say that they will complain to the environmental protection bureau on the environmental issues. Proportion of respondents to the public investigated in evaluation and their opinion In the urban and rural area, the survey along the line is carried out with the following method: (1) It is not feasible to visit the residents door to door because there are numerous residential buildings and the residents come from different places. In site survey, we mainly consult the residential committee on their opinion and randomly investigate in communities. Some questionnaires are sent to the residential committees, and ask them to notify on Ji-Hun railroad. Residents’ suggestion is returned to the environmental evaluation organization. (2) in the rural area, most of residents are villagers from a single village. In site survey, we go to the village for visit of village representative and secretary, and random visit of villagers near the line. The questionnaires are sent to the villagers. Ask them to notify each other, and make a feedback to the evaluation organization. The China Academy of Railway Science 359 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project site survey reveals that most residents have learnt about the trend of the railroad from the radio and the geological engineers of the design organization. (3) For the sensitive point such as schools near the railroad, visit the teachers and students for their opinion on the project. Most people concerned with environmental evaluation along the railroad have known of Ji-Hun railroad. The site survey can reflect the public opinion on the project. Suggestion from some people along the line: Name/ No. Place Suggestion Gender Yu Taiping, Aiguo It is better for the railroad to be built after crop 1 Hongjun/ village, Jiaohe harvest. Male To meet the requirement on site selection for primary Zhao No.2 Yanbian and high schools: at least 300m away from the 2 Lianqun/ Special Education railroad. The express railroad is less than 60m from Male School the school. The impact of noise on school teaching shall be considered. Fu 3 Chuanhai/ Chaoyangtou Arrangement of jobs in case of land occupation Male Fu Jianmin/ Liushugou in 4 Do not build railroad here if possible. Male Jiangnan village I do not agree on building Ji-Hun passenger traffic Li Tao/ line on the original railroad. It is too near to the 5 Yuyuan community Male community. Be far away from Yuyuan Community if the railroad is to be built. Xing 6 Guifen/ Tiandu Park Far away from the community Female Ma Shuqin/ 7 Weibei community Insulation wall is to be equipped Female Han It is better for demolishment. The sound screen shall 8 Xueyuan/ Weibei community be equipped. The noise and vibration is great. Male Li Jixiang/ Zhushi Stage II, No. The train whistle sends out great noise; supportive of 9 Female 3 building railroad construction Li Xiurong/ Zhushi Stage II, No. 10 Great noise Female 7 building Cui Hong/ No. 7 Luchang 11 Asking for removal to other house Female street, Longtanshan Zhang Jiangdong 12 Yarong/ Community, Supportive of construction Female Changyi district Bao Jiangdong 13 Yanmei/ Community, More greening Female Changyi district Asking for removal as a whole; satisfactory response Liu Xueyu/ Hexi county, 14 to the villagers; asking for no blind area left in case of Male Mingyue village land occupation China Academy of Railway Science 360 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Name/ No. Place Suggestion Gender Wang Jiangnan village, 15 Jinshan/ Far away from the farmland and the residential area Dunhua Male Wu Zhixiao/ No. 6 Weiguang 16 The railroad shall not pass through the village. Male community In general, most people along the line are supportive of building the project, while they highlights the following issues: first, the railroad shall be away from the residential area and the village, not passing through the village; at the same time, equipment with noise reducing facilities; second, when they live near the railroad, they want demolition and removal for avoidance of noise, and are anxious about their living level when not compensated according to the state policies; thirdly, some rural residents do not expect too much occupation of farmland by the railroad, because the rural committee is hard to allocate land to the residents. When their land is occupied, they want jobs. In contrast, most people against the project live along the existing Chang-Tu line in the urban area of Jilin. They can not bear the noise of the existing railroad and do not want new one. (3) Analysis on survey of the special sensitive area to environment 1) Drinking water resource protection area in Songhua River, and drinking water resource protection area in Jiaohe Songhua River passes through the urban area of Jilin from the south to the north, which is the main water resource of the urban area of Jilin. Many water intakes scatter on the river channel. The line starts from the existing Jilin station in Jilin, and ends at Hunchun from the west to the east. The existing Jilin station is located to the west of Songhua River. The railroad passes through Songhua River when it goes eastward to Hunchun. For the plan on the railroad across Songhua River, the design organization frequently consults Jilin environmental bureau. In June 2010, under the request from Jilin people’s government, the railroad crosses the Songhua River bridge parallel to the existing Songhua River railroad bridge. From the perspective of urban development, the environmental protection bureau agrees with the trend of the line. Because there are water intakes on the upper stream and lower stream of the existing railroad bridge, the lower and upper stream of the existing railroad bridge is classified as the first-class protection area. When the project plan is possible, the first-class protection area shall be adjusted to that of the second-class. Therefore, the environmental protection bureau suggests upward movement of water intakes in the lower stream of the existing railroad bridge, so as for adjustment of water resource protection area, feasibility of the railroad line, and stimulation of local economy. The railroad is thus feasible from the perspective of environmental protection. In July, Technical Report on Classification of Water Resource Protection Area for Ground Water and Drinking Water in Jilin compiled by Jilin University adjusts the first-class protection area into that of the second-class in compliance with the principle of upper movement of water intakes. It ensures safe supply of water by the water plant, and helps construction of the project. China Academy of Railway Science 361 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The drinking water resource protection area in Jiaohe is large. The area the line passes through is to be protected, and there is no train station in the water resource area to be protection. Therefore, the project does not pollute the section of the protection area. Jiaohe environmental protection bureau agrees with the construction plan, and the provincial government signs the document on feasibility of the project. 2) Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng (state-level heritage) Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng respectively come in the fourth and sixth group of heritage approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. For the alternative key plans for Jilin (refer to chapter three, required plan), there is a project plan on running around the cultural heritage in the south. The cultural heritage bureau sincerely expects that the railroad will not pass the protection area. However, in general contrast, the railroad runs parallel to the existing Chang-Tu line. Though it passes the restriction area of the cultural heritage, it has the least effect on the urban area of Jilin. It will not divide the urban area the second time by the new railroad, and reduces the effect of land occupation on urban demolition. It requires less investment, and complies with the urban layout plan. With the effort of the cultural heritage department, the plan is approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage on its pass through Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng restricted area. Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage specifically evaluates the cultural heritage area that the line passes through, which has little effect on the cultural heritage. 3) Province-level reserve of Jilin Songhuajiang 3-lake, Mingmusongrong Provincial Natural Reserve of Antu The two natural reserves above are under the charge of Jilin forestry department. When the design organization consults the natural reserve office of Jilin Forestry Department with the construction unit in June 2010, the natural reserve office makes it clear that an “evaluation study of impact on biological diversity” is required for the railroad passing the protection area. The feasibility of the final project plan is to be discussed by the biological experts on the evaluation report. The plan is feasible when it passes the discussion. The design organization asks Jilin Forestry Survey Institute for special discussion on the rail road passing through the protection area above, and acquires approval in the examination of the report. The provincial forestry department finally approves of the railroad passing through the area. 4) Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone Mijiang salmon is the rare fish in Tumen River, which is approved as the state-level aquatic natural reserve by the agricultural department. Yanbian fishery bureau highlights construction of the railroad when it gets to know that the Ji-Hun passenger line passes through Mijiang River, and talks about the negative effect of poor protection of Mijiang River in construction of Ji-Hun express highway. During construction, building of pier in water has a great impact on the water quality, and hinders migration of fish. The bureau expresses its expectation on protection of Mijiang River when in discussion with the railroad design organization. The damage by the express highway cannot come again. The rare fish resource shall be cherished for our future generation. At the same time, China Academy of Railway Science 362 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project the fishery department are supportive of building express railroad, which may serve Yanbian, and stimulates development of Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous State. For the purpose, the design institute asks Jilin Aquatic Institute to evaluate on the environmental impact of Mijiang River extra-large bridge, and the plan passes the examination in the expert’s discussion by the agricultural department. The fishery bureau of the agricultural department finally approves of the plan on the railroad passing through Mijiang River. The design organization optimizes the span plan in the successive design, and changes the 32m span into 48m of large span, which protects the water of Mijiang River. 13.4 Feedback from the public and measures Feedback from the survey of the public can be summarized as the following: (1) The public being supportive of the project The survey shows that the public have known the project well and think highly of the project. They agree with and support the project. The respondents against the project mainly come from the area around the existing railroad in Jilin. The residents are especially told that the train running on the railroad is the express train (D-train), which runs at a low speed in the section and mainly passes the area in the day. The railroad will be enclosed after completion, which can eliminate the noise by the train whistle. The wagon will not run on the existing line on the existing Songhua River bridge. The noise from the railroad can thus be reduced when it is open to traffic. As to the residents’ worry about the compensation for land occupation and demolition, the discussion with the residents highlights that the project, as construction of national key railroad, will compensate for land occupation and demolition in compliance with national and local regulations and policies. The respondents against the project mainly come from Yuyuan Community. The noise by the railroad also has effect on the residents in other communities near the existing railroad, while who are supportive of the national key project and expect the railroad to be far away from the community, with noise reduction facilities equipped. As to disagreement from some residents in Yuyuan Community, in site survey, the residents and the tenement are told about the relationship between the project and existing line in consideration of the environmental evaluation. After completion of the project, the original level crossing will be removed for elimination of noise by the train whistle. Only D-train group and the existing passenger train run on the Ji-Hun railroad, and the existing wagon will not run on the existing line. The existing Chang-Tu railroad near Yuyuan Community will be demolished, with the newly-built railroad 60m farther from the community in comparison with the existing railroad. The shortest distance from the railroad to the community will be 83m instead of 25m, which can reduce the noise by the railroad. When residents are told about it, they accept construction of the project. (2) Measures on reducing impact of the project on environment Residents along the line expect measures on environmental protection, and environmental management during construction for least damage by the project to the environment. (3) Opinion and suggestion on construction of the project China Academy of Railway Science 363 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Most respondents think it unbearable of the noise by vehicles conveying construction material and for soil and slag deposit, and the fugitive dust and the muddy road which is difficult to daily life and traveling. The respondents think it hard for the crop to grow with the fugitive dust attached in construction. The project may occupy the farm land and hinder local agriculture. The schools under survey are anxious about the noise, fugitive dust and traffic issues in construction that disturb teaching and traveling. As to impact of construction on environment, the public ask the construction unit for responsibility for civil construction, training on the worker, civil construction and standard construction. The project shall reduce noise and fugitive dust in construction as much as possible for residents along the railroad, and not disturb their living and work. The project shall not be constructed at night when residents sleep, or disturb the residents, and shall be disclosed for settlement of residents. (4) Opinion on land occupation and demolition The project requires demolition in a large area. Most respondents request appropriate compensation for land occupation or demolition by the project, and ask for the organization to, before construction, disclose information in compliance with relevant policies on demolition and land occupation and settlement, responsible for the residents and promoting policies to the people. The job shall be well done to make people satisfied. During site survey, the working staff consults the public on their suggestion and opinion, and makes the following response: (1) The construction unit is required to compensate for land occupation and demolition in compliance with national regulations, and to seek for approval from the government concerned. The construction unit shall adopt the public suggestion on land occupation and demolition, compensation before construction. (2) The construction unit is required to disclose the policy and information on land occupation and compensation according to the government policies before construction, responsible for the people by “people-oriented”. (3) As to the noise sent, it is suggested to protection with sound screen to the sensitive point near the railroad, with close large building groups, and with sound insulation, i.e. the ventilation sound insulation window, for the sensitive point far from the railroad, with loose buildings. The sound screen is 33600m and the sound insulation window covers a total area of 1060m2. (4) The project shall be constructed in the day as possible. The noise by vehicles conveying material and soil shall be reduced. The main road for construction on site shall be hardened with soil-bound crashed stone, so that the road will not be muddy in construction. There shall be person appointed for cleaning, with water sprayer equipped for spraying water in cleaning so as to prevent fugitive dust. The evaluation organization summarizes the public suggestion with analysis into the report on environmental impact, which shall be fully considered in the specific evaluation measures in the report and the project design in the next stage. Measures on solution to public issues are shown in table 13-4-1. China Academy of Railway Science 364 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 13-4-1 Table of solution to main public issues No. Public issues Explanation on feedback The public have known of the The construction unit makes every effort for early project during the survey. They start through hard preliminary work; the think highly of the project, and are 1 construction schedule shall be made for the next supportive of the project and stage; acceleration of construction at the time of agree with its start as soon as ensuring quality, for the railroad open to traffic. possible. At the sensitive point where the noise from the Residents along the line expect railroad exceeds the standard during operation measures on environmental period, it is suggested to equipment of sound 2 protection, and reduction of screen 16920m long and sound insulation window damage to the environment by at 1760m2. Take environmental protection the project as far as possible. measures in compliance with the report approved. Appropriate compensation for the loss caused by land occupation The design organization shall try to occupy less by the project; occupy as little land, such as the farmland and the forest land. farmland as possible; Optimize the plan for less occupation of the land 3 compensation for land occupation and less demolition. Compensate in compliance shall comply with the policies and with national regulations and policies. The regulations; demolition of organizations shall coordinate on land occupation residential houses as few as and demolition. possible. Try for construction in the day. Reduce impact of The noise from the vehicles noise by vehicles conveying raw material and soil conveying material and soil and on the residents; The main road at construction slag is unbearable, and the site shall be hardened with soil-bound crashed 4 fugitive dust makes a muddy stone, so that the road will not be muddy in road, which hinders living and construction. There shall be person appointed for traveling. cleaning, with water sprayer equipped for spraying water in cleaning so as to prevent fugitive dust. Environmental protection measures are proposed in the design and environmental evaluation. The Other environmental protection measures shall be taken in design and 5 measures. construction according to the approval by the ministry of railway and environmental protection department. 13.5 Conclusion and suggestion 13.5.1 Conclusion The public involvement follows the two steps of notice and survey. The notice is published on the media and the internet, with on-site survey in the rural committee and residential committee along the line. The public opinion is collected through questionnaire sent on site, correspondence, e-mail, fax and phone for feedback. The respondents that receive the survey include residents along the line concerned with the project. 125 questionnaires are sent to the public for the survey, where 118 are collected, accounting for 94.4% of the total. The result of the survey shows that the public have known about the project from China Academy of Railway Science 365 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project the investigator and mapping staff, or through newspaper or network and survey and visit in environmental evaluation. The people along the line are generally supportive of the project construction, which they think will stimulate the local economy and improve traveling around the area. Most respondents along the line think highly of the environment, and think it a major environmental issue of ecology and noise from the railroad. Measures shall be taken to eliminate impact on the environment. Most respondents agree with land occupation and ask for appropriate compensation for it. The public expect highlights on environmental protection by the construction organization in mind, and measures on environmental protection taken in practice, so that the impact of construction and operation on environment will be reduced to the least. The project shall have both and social benefit at the time of guarantee of the benefit of the public. 13.5.2 Suggestion (1) The organizations on construction, design, building and supervision shall highlight the environmental impact issues (such as noise and vibration) that attract the public focus, and have it as a main task for environmental protection. The environmental pollution shall be eliminated by greater investment based on “people-oriented” and “to solve old problems with new measures”. (2) The construction organization shall make every effort to make the people aware of the importance in railroad construction and seek for their support and understanding. The construction organization shall carefully taken measures on environmental protection, so as for a good living environment. The operation organization shall enhance environmental management during operation, and strive for the greatest benefit from the environment-friendly project. (3) The evaluation study suggests disclosure of policies on demolition and settlement, compensation in compliance with the laws and regulations, and early notice on the residents before demolition and settlement so that they can prepare for it. (4) The construction and operation organization shall consult and discuss with the people along the line in the next stage, and respond to the public request on environmental protection as soon as possible. China Academy of Railway Science 366 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 14. Social environmental impact analyses 14.1 Overview of the project’s land acquisition, demolition and resettlement 14.1.1 Number and class of the project’s land acquisition The project sites consist of permanent and temporary ones. The permanent site is the land occupied by the main construction of the railway, the original features of which will be altered immediately after acquisition. The project’s land occupation condition is shown in Table 14-1-1. Permanent sites the whole line add up to the area of 1173.78hm2, occupying 485.54hm2 of cultivated land and accounting for 41.4% of the total area of acquired land, which would damages part of the crops along the line and causes losses in agricultural production; however, since the railway passes as a strip and distributes in the range of about 360km in length, which has little impact on agricultural production; The project occupies 458.1hm2 of the forest land, accounting for 39.0% of the total area of sites. With the greening along the railway after the completion of the project, the negative impact on the forests will be gradually compensated and recovered. In addition, temporary sites like the borrow area, spoil (slag) field and construction sites add up to the area of 1043.1hm2, mainly covering the cultivated land and forest land and accounting for 91.1% of the total area of sites. After the completion of the project, vegetation measures or necessary engineering measures would be adopted to give comprehensive protection to the land such as farmland returning, vegetation restoration and the local department’s coordinated use according to the local construction planning after land leveling. All these will not affect the land resources structure along the line. Table 14-1-1 The project’s occupied area The are occupied by the railway (hm2) Water and Project category Arable Forest water Residential Commercial Other Total land land conservancy lands lands lands facilities Subgrade 336.58 282.24 5.49 19.87 45.95 27.53 717.66 Station 49.41 58.23 99.20 0.00 206.84 Tunnel 3.95 39.05 43.00 Permanent Bridge and 76.06 53.31 2.07 4.01 11.83 4.93 152.21 sites culvert Relocation 19.54 25.27 7.33 1.93 54.07 of road Subtotal 485.54 458.10 7.56 31.21 158.91 32.46 1173.78 Temporary Borrow area 52.20 208.74 260.94 China Academy of Railway Science 367 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The are occupied by the railway (hm2) Water and Project category Arable Forest water Residential Commercial Other Total land land conservancy lands lands lands facilities sites Soil (ballast) excavating and 210.54 263.80 474.34 depositing site Construction 82.14 35.20 117.34 access Construction area, 133.32 57.14 190.46 campsite Subtotal 478.20 472.54 92.34 1043.08 Total 963.74 930.64 7.56 31.21 158.91 124.80 2216.86 14.1.2 The number and type of demolition The project consists of demolition of housing covering 588893m2 including 518369m2 of inhabitant houses and 70524m2 of industrial and mining enterprises. The demolished walls along the line cover 48507m, in which sensitive point including schools and hospitals are not involved. Calculating by 120m2 construction area and 4 people per household, this project will involve the migration of about 17 thousand people, which will undoubtedly bring temporary difficulties to their lives. 14.1.3 The principles of land acquisition, demolition and migrate resettlement (1) The principles of land acquisition, demolition and migrant resettlement Relevant policies and regulations The project’s land acquisition, demolition and resettlement should keep to the following laws and regulations: The PRC Land Management Law, August 2004 Implementation Regulations of the PRC Land Administration Law, December 1998 PRC Urban Real Estate Administration Law, July 1994 Circular of the State Council Concerning Further Strengthening the Effective Protection of Farmland Land Management, 1997 Ministry of land and resources [2004] No. 238 Circular of the State Council Concerning guidance for improving land acquisition compensation and resettlement, November 2004 Railway land management approach, December 1992 Urban Housing Demolition Management Regulations, No. 305 decree of the State Council, November 2001 China Academy of Railway Science 368 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Regulations on Land Administration of Jilin Province, June 2005 Jilin Urban Housing Demolition Management Regulations, April 2002 The principles of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement The principles of land acquisition, demolition and migrate resettlement: 1) Minimize the scope of land acquisition, demolition and migrate resettlement under the premise of not affecting the quality of the project 2) Minimize the occupation of the cultivated land; on the high-filled earth sections of the project under the circumstances of similar investments, give priority to the “bridge instead of the road” considering the economization of land use; 3) Must ensure that the living standard of residents of non-voluntary relocation and the condition of production and operation of enterprises of non-voluntary relocation are not lower than before; 4) The implementation of the compensation for residents and units of non-voluntary relocation should strictly follow the relevant laws, policies and concerning principles; 5) The emerging problems during the process of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement should be promptly and properly solved in accordance with relevant regulations and policies. Targets of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement Targets of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement: in urban area, the urban development planning and the overall program of the old town reconstructions should be combined not only to guarantee the production and operation of enterprises and living standard of residents, but also through the resettlement to make the layout of the city constructions more reasonable and drive the regional economic development and urban construction. To those involved agricultural residents, the basic objective of the resettlement is to promote the economic development of the acquired land so that the income and housing conditions of the relocated residents are not lower than before. (2) The relevant standards of compensation The main factors and basis considered in the calculation of compensation are as follows: Land compensation fees, specifically seen in Table 14-1-2. Table 14-1-2 The standards of compensation of China and Jilin Province Category State regulations The regulations in Jilin Six to ten times the (I) The compensation for the vegetable fields average annual output in Cultivated land in urban and rural areas, vegetable fields in three years before the the industrial and mining district and the acquisition refined fishpond ought to be nine to ten China Academy of Railway Science 369 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Category State regulations The regulations in Jilin refined fishpond ought to be nine to ten times the average annual output in three years before the acquisition; (II) The compensation for the paddy fields, garden fields and those vegetable fields excluded in the first regulation ought to be eight to nine times the average annual output in three years before the acquisition; Paddy fields, (III) The compensation for the dry land, garden fields, dry cultivated grassland ought to be six to eight land, woodland, times the average annual output in three etc. Prescribed by provinces years before the acquisition; (IV) The compensation for the woodland, the reed pond, those grassland except the cultivated one, and water area for breed aquatics except the refined fishpond ought to be four to six times the average annual output of the nearby dry land in three years before the acquisition; The compensation for other land ought to be two to four times the average annual output Other land of the nearby dry land in three years before the acquisition; The standards of subsidy for resettlement, specifically seen in Table 14-1-3 The standards of subsidy for resettlement in China and Jilin Province Category State regulations The regulations in Jilin The resettlement subsidy for the agricultural population ought to be four to six times the average annual output in Cultivated three years before the acquisition. But the / land maximum resettlement fee per hectare of land requisitioned shall not exceed 15 times of the average annual output value of the three years prior to the requisition. The resettlement subsidy for other profitable land except the acquired Other land ought to be four to six times the Prescribed by provinces land average annual output in three years before the acquisition in a one-off payment. The compensation for attachments to or green crops on the land Jilin provides: The principle of the compensation fees for the attachments to or green crops on the requisitioned land should be agreed upon by both parties; under the circumstances of the failure of the agreement, it should be assessed and confirmed by the qualified evaluation agencies approved by both parties China Academy of Railway Science 370 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project or appointed by the Municipal (State) People’s Government, the County (City) People’s Government. The compensation fees for the green crops on the requisitioned land should be calculated by the output value in one period of cultivation; no compensation will be given to the land of due harvest. Those transplantable seedlings, flowers, and perennial trees should be provided with the transplantation fees; reasonable compensation or purchase price should be given to those that cannot be transplanted. The development and construction fund of the newly-cultivated fields without the reclamation fees should be paid to the requisitioned vegetable land in the suburban area. (3) The resettlement program The requisition and demolition of this project will affect the agricultural population and the urban residents as well. The degree and property of the impact on those two groups of people differs to some extent so that different measures for recovery and compensation should be adopted respectively. In general conditions, there are two patterns provided for the resettlement of the peasants after the cultivated land is requisitioned: the first approach is to increase the production rate per unit of land through comprehensive exploitation of the remaining land resources. Farming remains to be the major mode of production of the affected group of people so that the mode of resident relocation ought to be the agricultural one. The second way is to further develop the secondary and the tertiary industries so that the affected people could turn to be engaged in the processing industry, commerce, transportation, etc, in a word, non-agricultural mode of resident relocation should be adopted to resettle the affected urban residents. Villages affected by land acquisition could adjust the distribution of the land and re-allocate the land to the affected people, and increase the investment for the land with the compensation fees to improve the output per unit of land. If the village cannot adjust the allocation of the land, the compensation fees could be used for the development of the secondary and the tertiary industries, such as starting a business and building a farmers’ market in an appropriate place. To the migrants living at the edge of town and those skilled migrants, after notarization the compensation fees could be distributed to individuals according to their own will to develop their own careers. The specific ways of resettlement of the removed peasant households and urban residents: Dispersed resettlement. The scattered removed peasant households in those districts affected by the passing railway lines could adopt the way of self-dismantlement and self-rebuilt. The location of the new housing sites allocated by the village without payment could be discussed and determined together by the peasants themselves and the village leaders. Centralized resettlement in the city; This way can be divided into three types: the first one is that he local government is responsible for the streets and infrastructure construction and the affected residents are in charge of the new housing construction in accordance with unified planning; the second one is to return the urban housing of the same amount to the affected residents following the China Academy of Railway Science 371 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project principle of “Dismantle One and Return One”; the third way is to provide compensation fees to the affected people, enabling them to buy houses in the local real estate market. (4) The institutional framework of the land acquisition, demolition and resettlement Land acquisition, demolition and resettlement work are closely related to the state, collectives and individuals so that a sophisticated institutional framework must be organized to ensure that the work is done according to policies and regulations and to ensure the successful implementation of construction projects on schedule. The institutional framework and implementation procedures are as follows: The land acquisition and remove group in the construction headquarters built by the units undertaking projects is responsible for the land acquisition, demolition and resettlement and the consultation and contact with Provincial and Municipal Coordination Office of Railway Assistance as well as the disbursement of resettlement funds and the internal monitoring during the process of the program. The work of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement should be carried out in rural villages by the cities, counties and the Coordination Office of Railway Assistance. The detailed contract should be signed in accordance with policies and regulations. (5) Estimation of the resettlement cost According to The Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and the statistics of national economy along the line, the cost of this project’s permanent sites is in accordance with the following integrated indicators: A. Vegetable field: 52,853 Yuan / mu; B. Paddy field (rice field): 44,054 Yuan / mu; C. Dry land (corn, soybeans): 36,055 Yuan / mu; D. Forestland (virgin forest, plantation): 10,799 Yuan / mu. The cost of the temporary land is calculated by 14,000 Yuan / mu. The cost of demolition is calculated as the following criteria: The downtown of Jilin city: buildings, plants 3,000 Yuan / square meter, cottages 2,500 Yuan / square meter; The downtown of Yanji city: buildings, plants 1,800 Yuan / square meter, cottages 1,300 Yuan / square meter; The downtown of Dunhua, Jiaohe, Antu, Tumen and Hunchun: buildings, plants 1,200 Yuan / square meter, cottages 800 Yuan / square meter; The cost of the cottages along the line is calculated by 800 Yuan / mu. China Academy of Railway Science 372 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 14.1.4 Analysis of the impact on the residents’ quality of life The project design has fully considered the vital interests of nearby residents along the line. Comparison and choices between various programs about the trend of the line, station location and the layout of the station have been made by the design institute for the minimization of demolition scale. The characteristics of this project’s land acquisition and resettlement is giving priority to lines and mainly occupying the farmland, fish ponds, orchards and other agricultural land so that the economic impact on the local residents could be relatively dispersed. The relatively concentrated demolition mainly occurred in urban areas. According to the state's policies of land acquisition and resettlement, the land compensation fees and resettlement fees shall be given to guarantee that the living standards of requisitioned inhabitants would not be lower than before. This project will involve in a large number of housing to be demolished and lots of residents to be resettled. The lives of the residents involved in the demolition may be puzzled with temporary inconvenience, but with the implementation of relocation policies and compensation measures, their lives will gradually stabilize. 14.2 The analysis of impact on social economy 14.2.1 Is needed for the implementation of regional cooperation in Tumen River As the pilot area of regional cooperation, development and opening-up in the Tumen River area, Chang Jitu District is adjacent to Liaoning, Hei Longjiang and Inner Mongolia. It is located in the geographical center of Northeast Asia, functioning as the bridgehead of the Eurasian Continental Bridge for the communication between Europe and Pacific Rim Economic Belt. It is the nearest region in our country through the Tumen River to the Sea of Japan. Currently Chang Jitu pilot area has only a low-standard horizontal railway and Changji Intercity Railway under construction so that traffic has become a constraining factor in regional economic development along the line. A rapid passenger transport railway of large capacity is urgently needed to meet the needs of travelers. The construction of Ji-Hun railway will enhance the overall transport efficiency and the quality of services in Jilin Province and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and improve the regional traffic conditions along the line to make the distribution of passengers reasonable. The co-operation of Ji-Hun railway and Changji Intercity Railway will benefit the organic coordination and cooperation among Changchun, Jilin and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and the rational use of environmental resources to improve the investment environment and economic development in Chang Jitu pilot area. China Academy of Railway Science 373 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 14.2.2 It is badly needed for strengthening the international cooperation, development and the construction of a Bai’e-Landrace-Changtu international channel The study area is located at the vital part of Northeast Asian economic zone consists of Japan, Russia, North Korea, Mongolia and Northeast China. Tumen River area is the core region of Northeast Asia, where Japan and South Korea are equipped with enormous capital and advanced technology, Russia and North Korea possess abundant resources while China has abundant labors, a vast market, high complementary of economy and resources and the great cooperation development potential. However, the regional conditions of custom clearance to 11 ports including Russia and North Korea and the capacity of cargo carrying and reloading are relatively poor. A network of highways and railways that is relatively complete and easily accessible to the ports hasn’t formed yet. This line will further improve the regional railway network and the construction of a Bai'e-Landrace-Changtu international channel for access to China, Russia, North Korea, Japan, South Korea and Mongolia. 14.2.3 It is the need for stimulating domestic demand and ensuring the economic growth. Since 2007, the global financial crisis triggered by the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis has swept the globe; the international financial turmoil has increasingly showed its negative impact on China's economy especially the impact on the industry. To promote stable and rapid economic growth, the Central has formulated a series of major decisions and plans including the expansion of domestic demand and the increasing investment in infrastructure. Grasping this opportunity, a number of major railway construction projects are also speeding up the implementation progress and the new railway projects have become the highlight of economic growth. 14.2.4 It is used to meet transportation needs and optimize transportation structure along the line. At present, there are some low standard Chang-Tu railroads which are limited in transporting ability. So highway is becoming the major transportation for the tourists along the line. Completing the Ji-Hun railroad can meet the daily growing transportation needs along the line, improve the infrastructure, integrate the transportation structure, increasing the process of urbanization, tie the areas along the line and the other areas together and increase the pace of economic development. It is good for the areas along the line to clear the division of work, form the reasonable function and benign competition and make a well-coordinated comprehensive transportation system. China Academy of Railway Science 374 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 14.2.5 It is the necessary needs for the construction of economic society and sustainable development. Electricity powers the Ji-Hun railroad and it will decrease the cost to win the active situation for transportation market competition. The areas along the railroad are in the Changbai mountain areas which have scenic beauty and beautiful environment. So the gas emission of highroad transportation can cause heavy environmental pollution. The Ji-Hun railway has many advantages with the electric power, for example, less pollution and friendly environment. It can meet the criterion of international energy conservation and gas elimination and contribute to the coordinating development in the area’s environment along the railway line. 14.2.6 It is needed to increase the economy along the line, promote national solidarity and enforce the Chang-Tu access. The line is by way of the areas, which are rich in tourist resources, especially for autonomous district of Korean nationality with the distinctive tourist resources. With the backward of transportation condition, it didn’t form the scale-exploiting effectiveness. The construction of the line has a significant importance in promoting the development of tourist industry and the pace of getting rid of poverty and becoming better off. This line is by way of Yanbian autonomous district of Korean nationality, which lies in the common border among China, Russia and North Korea, called “golden triangle of northeastern Asia”. It is also the major gatherings of Korean nationality of China. This area has a weaker economy with GDP per capita holding the 77 percent of nation’s average standard. The construction of the line can promote the development of the economy and society and spur on the economic standard of the whole minority nationality district so as to prosper national economy, strengthen the nationality solidarity and secure the stability of the frontier areas. The line is by way of the regional important cities of edgeways areas, for instance, Tumen, Hunchun. It has a superior geographical position and ecological advantages and becomes the spotlight of Party and State leader’s concerns and supporting. For more than thirty years of reforming and opening up, the Party and State leaders went to Tumen and Hunchun for inspection via this access and made a great promotion for regional economic development. 14.3 Analysis of the project’s impact on the historical relics of the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and the Longtanshancheng 14.3.1 The introduction of the historical relics of the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and the Longtanshancheng (1) The introduction of the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard The Mao’er Mt. Graveyard, located in the eastern outskirts of the Songhua River in Jilin City within the borders of Yong’an Village in Jiangnan Township of Fengman District, Yumin Village and China Academy of Railway Science 375 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Tiantai Village in Longtan Township, covering a total area of 15 square kilometers. It consists of the Nanshan Cemetery area, the Mao’er Mt. Cemetery area, the Western Hills Cemetery area, the Pianlian Mountain Cemetery area, the Crown Land Site area and the South City Historical Site area. The scope of protection ranges from the Mao’er Mt. as the center to the Longtan foothills in the east, the south slope of the Mao’er Mt., the Nanshan Mountain and the Pianlian Mountain in the south, Jiyao Highway in the west and the Songhua River in the north. More than 1,000 households and over 30 enterprises and institutions are within the scope of protection now. The Mao’er Mt. Graveyard is the largest known remains of Han Dynasty in Jilin Province. It is widely believed within the current academic circle that it is the seat of the capital city of Fu Yu Kingdom in Han Dynasty in early days. Since the thirties in the last century, some experts have conducted ground investigation on the South City Historical Site within the cemetery area. During the process of investigation, Han Dynasty “Ages” eaves tiles, Chinese and five baht money, pieces of Chinese copper mirrors, terracotta figurines and a large quantity of pottery printed with the pattern of Huoquan under the rule of Wangmang.In 1980, Jilin Provincial Archaeological Team explored the Old Elem River Deep and because of the similarity of the relics in these two places, it became the concern of the majority of experts and scholars that Mao’er Mt. Graveyard is the remains of the Fu Yu Kingdom in Han Dynasty .From 1989 to 2001, Jilin Provincial Archaeological Institute has carried out there small-scale excavation and more comprehensive drilling and a large number of relics of Han Dynasty have been unearthed, which further confirmed that the early sixties of the last century can be named “Fu Yu Kingdom heritage” in Han Dynasty which has ever been temporarily named “Culture Three”. So far as know, in the region which centers on the Mao’er Mt. and radiates 30km to the surroundings, there are more than 40 sites with similar cultural features. All those sites distribute in a wide territorial scope which reaches Yushu to the north and Huifa River basin to the south , extends to Weihu Mountain in the east and Yinma River basin in the west. Among all those sites, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard is representative for its far-reaching distributed scope and the variety and rich of its relics. In recent years, archaeologists cleaned up and excavated a total of over 400 Han tombs, with 4 kinds of tombs: wooden outer coffin tomb with soil pit, soil pit, stone closed tomb with soil pit, stone tomb, among which the number of wooden outer coffin tomb with soil pit are the largest. According to many years’ of exploration, there are almost 10,000 tombs in the region of Mao’er Mt. Graveyard. Being the most east location of the Han tomb, the wooden outer coffin tomb is of significant scientific meaning and political meaning. According to related data, most of those China Academy of Railway Science 376 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project tombs are suffered from stealing and planed migration. Therefore, there are very few cultural relics found. Yet a gilding mask stored by Jilin Museum is quite representative. Cultural relics excavated over the years are a total of 1600 pieces, include bronze pot with two ears, bronze pot with ring foot bronze Cha, car ornaments jurisdiction, traveling accessories, wooden stirrups copper, ink on silk streamers Ling, deposited gold films woven cotton, copper, iron sword handle, Jade ornaments, the paste plaques and a large number of pottery animals, etc. In the year of 2002 and 2003, in the city of Shancheng and Pingdicheng in Dongtuan Mountain, archaeologists cleaned up and excavated 3,000 square meters of sites and found a rich burial ground of Han Dynasty, unearthed in a gilt bronze bubble, iron knives, fine mud hollow beans, beans, and other large sand and solid Han Dynasty artifacts. According to historical recordings, whenever the king of Fufu died, Han dynasty would give a jade coffin to bury. That reveals the relation between Han dynasty and Fuyu. We can find that kings of Fuyu countries are buried with a very high standard form the king of Jin’s tomb in Hebei and the king of South Yue’s tomb in Guangzhou. Therefore, the tombs in Mao’er Mt. Graveyard not only provides a strong by-proof that proved the existence of Fuyu country, but also provides a great number of physical data which plays a precious role in studying the production and daily life of Fuyu and in the studying of the origin of Gaojuli. On Nov. 16, 1996, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard is announced by the State Council as the fourth installment of the national key cultural relic’s protection units. (2) Longtanshancheng Overview Longtanshancheng is located in the east Longtan of Jilin City, 7-8 km from the city center. It has rolling hills east and south and faces the Songhua River flowing northward in the west, adjoining the Dongtuan Mountain in the southeast. In AD 410, the city by the Goguryeo people was, built into the mountain, irregular polygon. The city is high around and low in the middle. Walls were built with the gravel and mud and its west side has a pure loess texture. The northwest city has a “dungeon” (commonly known as “Longtan”), which is rounded rectangle, full of water for many years for having been built upon in the spring, and for the city people, animals and the construction of water reservoirs. In the higher position in the southwestern city where one is called a “dry jail” is the remains of a stony circular shaft. It could be used as a “storage well”. China Academy of Railway Science 377 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project According to speculations of experts, the Longtanshancheng was previous site or defense stronghold of Yufu regime in Han dynasty. It was occupied by Yufu regime during Koguryo period and was named Yu Cheng. After the extinction of Koguryo regime, Longtan area was property of Pohai regime. Some experts estimate that the Dongtuan mountain city was the Suzhou solo city of Pohai regime, and Longtanshancheng belonged to that district. In the autumn of 1958, Jilin city park management office cleaned up the silt in the impounding reservoir, and 3 argillaceous wheel-made dark gray gallipots, 1 earthen pot, 1 six-handle iron pan, and 1 two-handle iron still were excavated. The pan and the still had the same shape as similar objects of Jin dynasty, so they were definitely Jin dynasty relics. The jurisdiction of Longtanshancheng belonged to Jianzhouzhan authority in Yuan dynasty, and it shifted to Jilin general in Qing dynasty. The city wall of Longtanshancheng was built by nestling the ridge, the same way as how Wandu mountain city, Bawangchao mountain city and Gao’er mountain city were built in Koguryo period. But the wall of the Longtanshancheng was constructed with the soil instead of the stones. Special sections were built with loess with the characteristics of the middle-period of Koguryo Kingdom. The Longtanshancheng (including the impounding reservoir and the cellar) was built under the power of Haotai and Changshou emperors in Koguryo period. It the typical military city built during the most powerful and prosperous period of Koguryo, serving as an important heritage for researching the city architect of Koguryo Kingdom and the material evidence for studying the history of the frontiers in the northern Koguryo. The Longtanshancheng ranks the sixth installment of the national key cultural relic’s protection units. 14.3.2 Locations of the project, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng relics The line is located in the DK2 750 ~ DK3 420, DK4 705 ~ DK6 325 section (29km in total). It passes through the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng through bridge and channel. We use bridges (670m) and tunnels (1620m) to go through the cemetery and cemetery. See graph 14-3- 1 for the position of the line and the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard. China Academy of Railway Science 378 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 14-3-1 Locations of the project, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng relics The scope of protection and development control areas in Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng Longtan Mountain tunnel Longtan Mountain Station Longtanshan The railways to be constructed Zhongtai Fahrschule The second extra large bridge over the Songhua River relics development control area China Academy of Railway Science 379 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project the scope of relics protection Ethylene irrigated areas Mao’er Mt. Dongtuan Mountain Songhuajiang River Sanatorium Donghua University Deerfield Pianlian Mountain Western Hills Nanshan 14.3.3 The project passes through the cultural relic’s protection area According to some relevant materials concerning relics protection, we came to the place along with stuffs from Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Jilin Province, Jilin City Cultural Affairs Bureau, Jilin City Museum to do some research., we found this line started from the east bank of Songhua River, stretching into the mountain area, passing through the Maor Mountain with tunnels from west to south, which is far away from the relics and cemetery. In this way we assure the safety of cultural relics. This project mainly passes through the ruins of Yongan 3rd Brigade, the ruins of Luchang food patch and Pianlianshan Mount Monuments, which belong to affiliated sites of Dongtuan mountain city and the Mao’er Mt. Cemetery. (1) The ruins of Yongan 3rd Brigade It is located in the existing platform ranging from the natural village in the east section of the railway bridge to the outer ring road as a national key cultural relics protection unit - the ancient city of East Mission Hill subsidiary site, covering the area of about 5000 square meters. In 2001, Jilin Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in East Mission Hill archaeological excavations prophase archaeological investigation process, on the surface of the acquisition have cloth grain watts, grid lines tiles and clip sand, plaster, pottery and other relics of Han and Wei period. It is important to study the relationship between East Mission Hill ancient city and the surrounding related sites, the site culture appearance and characteristics, such as the research topic of Fuyu country. (2) The Ruins of Luchang Food Patch Located in the west of Longtan Mountain, it is affiliated to the Site of Tombs at the Mao’er Mt. with an area of about 20,000 square meters. In an exploration in 1991, large amounts of relics from Han and Wei Dynasties were collected 30cm to 50cm below, which has a significant importance in the studies of the connection between the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and the sites nearby at that era. China Academy of Railway Science 380 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (3) Pianlianshan Mount Monuments Located in the south of Longtan Mountain, it is affiliated to the Site of Tombs at the Mao’er Mt. with an area of 7,000 square meters. In an exploration in 1991, more than 10 tombs of Han and Wei Dynasties were founded; chariots and harness made of bronze were excavated. It has an important meaning in the studies of Fu Yu cultural configuration. The there sites or tombs aforesaid has an obvious terrene cultural configuration. Pottery and tile shards can be seen around. But no sites of buildings were found. So the common character of them is that they are all unpredictable underground sites. The heritage and the conservation area are determined in view of the surface feature, the exposed graveyard and the cave etc., while the underground heritage may cover more area than of the current. 14.3.4 Analysis of the effects of the Project in the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng relics The project is away from the ruins and tombs, only through the controlling construction zone, bypassed the conservation area. It has an effective protection of the key cultural relics and ensured artifacts above and below ground. But the project team had to go across those sites; it may have an impact the protection of cultural relics. However, the project may have effect on the heritage when to pass through the Yong’an 3rd Brigade ruins, the ruins of deer feeding site and Pianlianshan Monuments (1) The ruins of Yongan 3rd Brigade If the passenger line is designed to go through here, it will destroy or permanently cover the underground cultural relics, lead to a great loss of overall protection and comprehensive archaeological research of the sites, and cause negative effects to the preservation of the original features and environmental outlook of the ancient sites. Moreover, as a subsidiary site of the area of Dong Tuanshan Ancient City, the ruins of Yongan 3rd Brigade will impose influences on the integrity of the whole area to some extend. (2) The Ruins of Luchang Food Patch The territorial scope from the southern tip of Mowing of Deer Farm to the entrance of railway culvert, which belongs to the ancient sites, is part of the project. It will damage or permanently cover the underground cultural relics, produce negative effects to the cultural deposits of the sites and the unforeseen underground cultural relics, and affect the integrity and related comprehensive archaeological research of the sites. The natural environment around will also be affected. (3) Pianlianshan Mount Monuments According to the archaeological survey and drilling within the cemetery area by Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Jilin in 1991, there are dozens of tombs in Han and Wei dynasties buried underground. As passing through the area, the project wound possibly damage or permanently cover the underground tombs, affect the unforeseen underground cultural relics of the tombs, and lead to a material loss to the study of the generality and individuality among the sections of the China Academy of Railway Science 381 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and inner links of them. Also, it will damage the natural environment around. According to the PRC Cultural Relics Protection Law Article XVIII “No construction of a project conducted in an area for control of construction may deform the historical features of the site protected for its historical and cultural value; and the design for the project shall, in correspondence with the protection level of the site protected for its historical and cultural value, be subject to consent by the appropriate administrative department for cultural relics before it is submitted to the department for urban and rural construction planning for approval.” This line goes through the edge of the planning constructing area of two national heritages, the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng, mainly by means of bridges and tunnels. The tunnel depth of Long Tanshan tunnel is deeper, the average depth of it is 54.2m, and the maximum depth reaches 99.4m, means no great damage to the relics. The project would cause damage mainly by means of impropriating and covering the protected relics within the planning constructing area. Besides, the base construction of nearby pier and passing trains in operation will produce stratum perturbation and some relics might be affected. For the minimum distance between the line and the protected area is approximately 35m, the vibration caused by the bottom parts of bridge constructions would not produce great damage to the relics. However, by taking the unforeseen relics underground into consideration, the construction is needed to be operated prudentially. The designed railway passing through some of the sites and cemeteries will inevitably cause damages to some relics. Cultural heritage is nonrenewable that damages of cultural deposits of the sites and cemeteries caused in the process of construction in all degrees would destroy the original and preserved natural environment and view. Moreover, stratum perturbation would also cause loss of historical information. According to the environmental protection evaluation, the construction is required to follow the relevant provisions of the Cultural Relics Protection Law. Strict control of the construction scope, no borrow area, spoil ground and camp buildings in the protected area, and employment of little- vibration tools are also required. Best efforts should be put into minimizing the negative impact on the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and the Longtanshancheng. The construction has to be paused and the scene should be well protected if any relics were found underground during the construction, relevant reports and cooperating work with related departments are also required. The project of passing through the planning constructing area of the Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng by bridges and tunnels has been authorized by the national heritage department. 14.4 Cumulative environmental impact 1. Influence on the surrounding areas (1) Stations distribution As a special transportation line, the location of stations is rather important. It will impede the development of city if it is too close to the city, while a long distance away from the city is also inconvenient. Currently, considering the development of local areas, except Jilin Station (the starting port), Dunhua Station (long distance line), and Antu Station (close to the city), the China Academy of Railway Science 382 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project following stations like Jiaohe Station, North Weihuling Station, South Dashitou Station, Yanji Station, North Tumen Station and Hunchun Station are all located in the suburb areas. Jilin station and Dunhua station, affected by the existing stations, have given full consideration to the use of existing railway facilities so that the site selection is closer to the city, which is convenient to the maximum extent to the local people and have reduced the land occupation. Antu station is limited by its terrain conditions in the valley so that the station is selected in the south of the government combined with the Antu County’s urban renewal. Considering that the rest of the stations are located where the future development will be fast, combined with the local town planning, open spaces comparatively far from the cities or towns have been selected. (2) The impetus function of the stations After the operation of Ji-Hun special transportation line, the surrounding stations will also witness a rapid development in commercial areas, transportation condition. Along with the original city, new development around the stations will make contributions to the process of urbanization. 2. Bridges and Subgrade’ impact on the environment Because of the long distance between two stations, roadbed and bridges will cause inconvenience for people, what’s worse, the increase of roadbed and bridges will result in smaller areas of farmland, and roadbed barrier will cause inconvenience for the dwellers. In order to reduce such adverse impact, we increased the bridge density. 14.5 Conclusions After the project is completed, improvement of transportation condition will contribute to an increased number of goods, stuff and money moving at a higher speed which will surely boost the development of local economy. Meanwhile the project will play a significant role in the exploration of resources, attracting foreign capital in order to enhance the infrastructure and economic development. With this project, population scale and structure will be optimized, to some degree. Accordingly, we will see the improvement in residents’ living standard and transportation environment. The relocation of people caused by demolition will influence some areas. However, through compensation expenses and other measures, the income level, living standard and housing condition of the affected residents will improved a lot. China Academy of Railway Science 383 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 15 Environmental economic cost-benefit analyses The completion of this project will accelerate the speed of passenger transport and turnover, shorten the arrival time and reduce the transportation costs, which have significant social and economic benefits. At the same time, this project will lead to some adverse environmental impact along the railway line. According to the Railway Construction Project Economic Evaluation (the Second Edition) issued by the Planning Department of the Ministry of Railways , the Transport Project Department of the China International Engineering Consulting Corporation and the Environmental Protection in Transportation Accreditation Council in the State Department Bank as well as the approaches concerning environmental impact assessment of cost and benefits, this chapter mainly focuses on the brief analysis of environmental economic cost and benefits with the calculation period (including the construction period) of 30 years and the total duration of 4 years (2010 ~ 2013). 15.1 Benefit analysis The direct benefits come from the passenger transport income after the completion of the project while the indirect benefits are mainly brought by the national economic benefits including the safety of the transportation time and fees, environmental conservation benefits, the improvement of the traffic structure and the promotion of the regional economic development benefits. 15.1.1 Direct benefits The direct benefits come from the passenger transport income after the completion of the project. The passenger transport price of this railway line is 0.35 Yuan/ passenger kilometer. The estimated turnover of the single-track railway passenger transport in 2020 shall be 4296.96 million passenger kilometers and the calculated passenger transport income shall be 3007.8704 million Yuan/ year. 15.1.2 Indirect benefits 15.1.2.1 Metrizable social benefits Metrizable social benefits and the unit passenger carrying capacity benefits shall both be calculated according to the recent statistics, and relevant adjustment could be made in other years. (1) The benefits of transport cost savings Passenger transport cost savings = (unit highway passenger transport cost - unit railway passenger transport cost) × the turnover of highway transfer passenger. According to the Operating Cost Adjustment Table, unit railway passenger transport cost is 0.12 Yuan / person-km. The unit cost of highway passenger transport is 0.21 Yuan/ person·km. The estimated turnover of the single-track highway passenger transport in 2020 shall be 851.12 million and the calculated benefits of transport cost savings shall be 153.2018 million Yuan/ year. (2) Transport time savings benefits China Academy of Railway Science 384 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The average travel speed along the highway is 80km / hour while the average travel speed along the railway is 200km / hour so that compared with cars, the train can save the transit time of 27 seconds / (person • km). The per capita GDP of Jilin City and Yanbian City along the railway line in 2008 was 25,727 Yuan with the transport time savings benefits of 797,220,400 Yuan / year. It shall be calculated as follows: Q =P×b×t Where: Q--- Transport time savings benefits (Ten thousand Yuan); P----The turnover of the double-track railway passenger transport (Ten thousand passenger km / a); b----The passenger transport price in the unit time (Yuan / h); t-----The reduced time, h. (3) The benefits of increasing transport in the existing line The benefits of increasing transport in the existing line are 408.38 million Yuan/year. 15.1.2.2 The social benefits that are hard to quantify (1) Save energy and reduce pollution Railway transport has the characteristics of large transport capacity and small energy consumption in unit traffic volume. The major road transport energy consumption of petrol and diesel emits into the environment a lot of HC, NOX, SO2 and other harmful gases, causing acid rain and air quality deterioration. Therefore, the construction of the railway project helps to reduce energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution (2) Improve the traffic structure and promote regional development: After completion, the railway together with the transport along the line, will constitute a multi- dimensional public transport structure, which will greatly reduce the distance between cities along the line, enhance the transport capacity, promote regional development and reduce regional disparities. (3) Increase employment opportunities The construction of the line requires a lot of manpower, thereby creating new employment opportunities; in addition to the direct increase in employment in rail transport, it also increase the employment opportunities of engaging in the tertiary industry along the line, generate benefits and contribute to the social stability and economic development. (4) Benefits of reducing traffic accidents: The railway transport is comparatively safer, which will cause less traffic accidents than the highway transport and therefore reduce the financial losses caused by the traffic accidents. China Academy of Railway Science 385 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 15.2 Loss Analysis 15.2.1 Direct investment (1) Investment in railway projects The estimated total investment of this project is 40,416,923,700 Yuan with the calculation of 30 years and investment of 1,347,230,800 Yuan / year. (2) Environmental protection investment in the project In order to make rail transport more conducive to the sustained development of the national economy, the reasonable development and utilization of natural resources, environmental protection, a series of effective measures protecting ecological environment, water environment, control and local governance over noise and vibration pollutions are badly needed. The estimated total project investment in the environmental protection is 696,668,900 Yuan within 30 years of investment 23,222,000 Yuan / year. Table 15-2-1 Investment for environmental protection Investment for environmental protection Item (Ten thosand Yuan) Ecological protection 43774.29 Noise abatement 25456.85 Vibration abatement 0 Sewage treatment 330 Electromagnetism abatement 42.45 Solid waste disposal 40 Atmosphere abatement 23.3 Total 69666.89 15.2.2 Indirect losses Total area of permanently occupying land along the line is 1173.78hm2 including 485.54hm2 farmland, estimated by 400kg / mu and converted into grain loss of 2913.24t / a with the food price of 1.4 Yuan / kg, will cause the agricultural losses of 4.0785 million Yuan / Years. The area of occupied forest land is 458.1hm2, which will cause losses of 1,099,400 Yuan / year calculated according to the state subsidy of 200 kg of grain and 20 Yuan per mu. Agricultural losses add up to 5.1779 million Yuan / year. 15.3 The economic cost-benefit analysis of environmental impact: 15.3.1 Environmental economic cost-benefit analysis: Economic cost and benefits brought by this program can be in Table 15-3-1. Table 15-3-1 Economic cost and benefits Unit: ten thousand Yuan/year No. Item Social benefits China Academy of Railway Science 386 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project No. Item Social benefits 1 benefits 4366670.26 1.1 Direct benefits 3007870.04 1.2 Indirect benefits 1358800.22 2 Cost 4112877.05 2.1 Total investment 4041692.37 Investment for environmental 2.2 69666.89 investment 2.3 Indirect cost 1517.79 3 Net earning 253793.21 The total benefits: 43666.7026 million Yuan/year The total cost: 41128.7705 million Yuan/year Net earning: 2537.9321 million Yuan/year 15.3.2 Comparative Analysis of Environmental Engineering investment and infrastructure investment Proportion of investment in environmental projects (Hj) = environmental protection investment / infrastructure investment × 100% = 69666.89/4041692.37 × 100% = 1.72% 15.4 Conclusion Above all, from the environmental and economic point of view, the construction of this project will have negative effects to a certain extent on the environmental quality of the surrounding area so that corresponding environmental protection measures shall be taken focusing on various pollution factors and some investment must be made. Compared to the social benefits and the construction investment, the environmental protection investment is much less. The project's proportion of environmental investment and infrastructure investment is reasonable with significant economic profits. 16 Environmental risk and emergency plan 16.1 Analysis of the environmental risk of the railway transportation Environmental risk mainly refers to the environmental pollution, ecological damage and economic losses caused by the accidents during the operation period. To determine the gravity of the environmental risk, the type of the accident shall be determined first. On this basis, surveys and subjective judgments shall be used to determine the possibility of the risks and the potential losses, and then the specific type of measures shall be selected according to the degree and the factor analysis of the risks. The classification standard of the degree of risks can be seen in table 16-1-1. Table 16-1-1 The classification standard of the degree of risks The conditions of application Degree of risks Possibility Losses The project can be accepeted. China Academy of Railway Science 387 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The acceptance of the project would not Common risks Not big be affercted generally. Comparatively Relatively small Relatively big The losses can be accepted. big risks The project can be normally carried out Very small Serious with the adoption of effective prevention Grave risks measures. Big The project is infeasible. Catastrophic Very big Catastrophic The project is unacceptable. risks The line mainly serves the inter-city passenger trains. The freight involved within the scope of the project design is mainly dedicated to the special railway line of the power plant for fire coal transportation in Jilin City and trains without dangerous goods transport. When the railway passes across the river, to prevent accidents, bridges taller than 6m or longer than the 10m or with radius curve less than 600m shall be equipped with the guard rail. According to current statistics, no derailment accident has occurred in the bridges. According to the nature of the project and the environmental characteristics along the line as well as the risk classification standard in Table 17-1, the risk analysis and plan formulation are not needed in this project. But considering the good quality of surface water alongside the project, which can basically meet the II and III standards of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and that Jilin City is passing across the second section of drinking water source protection zone of Songhua River so that during the process of extra large bridges construction over the Songhua River, the construction vehicles and material transport might lead to possible pollution of the Songhua River. This project aims at rapidly and orderly processing the railway transport accidents when railway passes across the river, avoiding the expansion of the accident and reducing the casualties, property damage and the negative impact on the surrounding environment and society as well as effectively disposing the railway freight transport accidents and maintaining the normal railway production order. Following the principles of “Safety first, precaution crucial" and "people-oriented" and in accordance with the national Production Safety Law, Regulations on the Control over Safety of Dangerous Chemicals and The Regulation of Ascertaining Administrative Liability in Safety Disasters of the State Council, this pre-arranged plan is formulated. 16.2 The general principles of emergency planning 16.2.1 Working principles 1. Unity of command The freightage accidents handling, accidents of the temporary bridges for construction, material spilling and leaking accidents and the rescue work of the accidents shall be under the centralized and unified command of Shenyang Railway Bureau. 2. Level-to-Level Administration According to the conditions of accidents, the emergency planning shall carry out Level-to-Level Administration. Planning of the relevant level shall be launched when the accidents happen. China Academy of Railway Science 388 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 3. Joint participation According to the conditions of accidents, the KWNS BOF emergency leading group of Ji-Tu-hun Rapid Railway Company shall request for the assistance and rescue of the local government, public security, fire fighting, environmental protection department, water conservancy department, health workers and the Armed Police Force to minimize casualties, property damage and the negative effects on the surrounding environment and society. 16.2.2 The basis of compilation (1) Production Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (Order No. 70 of the President of the People’s Republic of China; June 29, 2002); (2) Fire Prevention Law of the Peoples Republic of China (Order No. 4 of the President of the People’s Republic of China; April 29, 1998); (3) Environmental Protection Law of PRC (Order No. 22 of the President of the People’s Republic of China, December 26, 1989); (4) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (Order No. 66 of the President of the People’s Republic of China; May 15, 1996); (5) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (Order No. 32 of the President of the People’s Republic of China; April 29, 2000); (6) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution (Order No. 6 of the President of the People’s Republic of China; June 28, 2003); (7) Railway Law of the People's Republic of China (Order No.32 of the President of the People’s Republic of China, September 7, 1990); (8) Regulations on the Control over Safety of Dangerous Chemicals (PRC State Council Decree No. 344; January 26, 2002); (9) Regulations on Labor Protection of Workplaces Using Toxic Substances used Ordinance (PRC State Council issued Decree No. 352, May 12, 2002); (10) List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002 edition); (11) List of Highly Toxic Chemicals (2002 edition); (12) Management rules on Railway Transport of Dangerous Goods (TY [1995] No. 104); (13) Railway Driving Accident Management (Order No. 3 of Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China, April 28, 2000); (14) Railway Goods Accident Management (TY [1998] No. 48); (15) Major Hazard Identification (GB18218); (16) General Rules on the Storage of Common Hazardous Chemicals (GB15603); (17) Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GBJ16); China Academy of Railway Science 389 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (18) Code for Fire Protection Design of Petrochemical Enterprises (GB50160); (19) Code for Engineering Protection Design of Connate and Natural Gases (GB50183); (20) Regulations on Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (GB11806); (21) Safety Standards for Protection against Radiation (GB8703); (22) Statistical Standards of the Economic Loss of Casualty Accidents of Staff in Enterprises (GB6721); (23) Guidelines for the Plan of Hazardous Chemical Emergency and Rescue (units) (Safety Supervision Office [2004] No. 16). 16.2.3 Scope of application This Pre-arranged Planning is applied to guiding the handling and emergency rescue work of all the freightage accidents, accidents of the temporary bridges for construction and material spilling and leaking accidents when freight trains on this railway or on the special railway line for the power plants pass across the rivers. 16.3 Emergency institutional framework, responsibilities and rescue network 16.3.1 Institutional framework and responsibilities An emergency leading group should be set up by the KWNS BOF of Ji-Tu-Hun Rapid Railway Company. When transport accidents happen near the rivers, relevant departments shall follow the unified command, organization and coordination of the emergency leading group and carry out relevant measures in accordance with the emergency regulations of the planning. 1. Emergency leading group An emergency leading group in charge of launching the emergency planning has been set up by the KWNS BOF of Ji-Tu-hun Rapid Railway Company. The emergency leading group shall consist of a scene command group, an accident treatment group, a guard and defend group, a medical aid group, an environmental monitoring group, a logistics group, an accident investigation team, an aftermath handling group, an information reporting group and an advisory group. The responsibilities of the emergency leading group (1) Be responsible for the oversight of the relevant departments to perform emergency rescue duties; (2) To determine the technical solutions of the rescue and relief work of the accidents, to coordinate and to direct the rescue operations of the emergency rescue team; (3) To determine the scope of the accident and the areas of alert and evacuation; (4) Be responsible for deciding the on-site handling of unexpected situations; China Academy of Railway Science 390 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (5) According to the actual situation of the emergency rescue scene; it is responsible for contacting the departments concerned (environmental, water conservancy, etc.) of the provincial government, the PLA or armed police force to request for rescue and assistance. (6) Be responsible for accident reporting and information dissemination; (7) Be responsible for the formulation of the interim measures ensuring the overall transport order. (8) The Environmental Protection Office of the Instruction Bureau is in charge of the on-site environmental monitoring according to the categories of pollutants, the determination of the scope and degree of the damage; the formulation of the on-site safeguard procedures for the affected people, the cleaners and the rescue workers; the supervision of the implementation and the organization of the pollutants disposition. 2. The scene command group Under the command of the emergency leading group, according to the actual situation of the accident, it shall direct the effective operations of the work of accident treatment, guard and defend, rescue and relief and the logistics. 3. The environmental monitoring group According to the type of the accident, it shall utilize relevant monitoring equipment to promptly detect the situation of damage of the toxic chemicals to the air, water, human beings, animals and vegetables and the soil, which provide the decision-making basis for the departments concerned to adopt the measures of closure, isolation, decontamination and evacuation. 4. The aftermath handling group It shall coordinate with departments concerned, organize the disposition and identification of the casualties and promptly inform the relatives of the injured and dead as well as the reception, resettlement, comfort and explanation work. 5. The information reporting group According to the regulations concerning news reporting issued by the state, the Ministry of Railways and the Railways Bureau, it is responsible for promptly and objectively issuing the news about the accidents to the public. 6. The advisory group It is responsible for putting forward the proposals on accidents handling, rescue programs and security prevention and providing technical advices for the on-site rescue work and accidents investigation and analysis. 16.3.2 Emergency rescue network The emergency rescue network can be seen in Table 17-3-1. Table 16-3-1 Emergency rescue network No. Unit Contact number 1 Shenyang Railway Bureau 024-62023081 China Academy of Railway Science 391 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project KWNS BOF of Ji-Tu-hun Rapid Railway 0432-66122592 Company Department of Environmental Protection of Jilin 2 0431-82719023 Province 3 Department of Water Resources of Jilin Province 0431-84994114 4 Protection of Jilin City 0432-62024188 5 Water Authorities of Jilin City 0432-64831307 16.4 Prevention and early-warning mechanism 16.4.1 Prevention and early-warning information Timely statistical analysis of the stations and sections along the railway under the supervision of Shenyang Railway Bureau shall be carried out according to the categories of those transported goods to promptly issue the warnings and conduct corresponding warning exercises. 16.4.2 Prevention and early-warning actions According to the regulations issued by the state and the Ministry of Railways, the Railways Bureau shall enhance the transportation management, strengthen the operational standards, formulate the safety control measures and take timely measures to eliminate the discovered potential safety hazard as soon as possible. 16.4.3 Prevention and early-warning supporting system To set up and improve Shenyang Railway Bureau’s emergency rescue network of dangerous goods accidents, enabling the formation of a whole system of the railway administrations, substations and road sections, which can rapidly forming an information passage immediately after the accidents. 16.5 Emergency response 16.5.1 Classifications of emergency plans According to the accident situation, cargo (transport materials) properties, transport type and volume size, the surrounding human and geographical environment, human casualties and property losses, the emergency plans of the railway freight transportation accidents shall be classified. 16.5.2 The content of the accident report The content of the accident report shall include: The category of the accident, the occurrence time, the occurrence site, the general situation and preliminary analysis of the accident, the condition of the environmental pollution and the potential threat to the surrounding environment. China Academy of Railway Science 392 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 16.5.3 The accident information submission The accident information shall be promptly submitted level by level to transportation dispatching department. It must be submitted to the local government above the county level immediately after the accident happens. 16.5.4 Launch of the emergency pre-arranged plan After the accident happens, emergency leading groups at all levels shall determine the class of the emergency pre-arranged plan according to the content of the accident report. Its working state turns from routine management to the emergency state. 16.5.5 Environmental monitoring 1. Environmental monitoring group shall be responsible for the environmental detection at the site of accident. 2. According to the type of the accident, relevant monitoring equipment shall be utilized to rapidly take measures to prevent the further expansion of the real damage of the toxic chemicals to the air, water, human beings, animals and vegetables and the soil. 16.6 Accident investigation The accident investigation shall follow Regulations on the Control over Safety of Dangerous Chemicals (PRC State Council Decree No. 344) and relevant rules issued by the Ministry of Railway. The grave accidents shall follow the relevant regulations of the state. 16.7 News reporting: After the accident, the spokesman shall be determined by the emergency leading group. The timing and manner of releasing the news to the media and the society shall be examined and decided according to the principles, content and normative format issued by the state concerning unexpected events 16.8 Emergency guarantee To ensure the unimpeded communication and information and the emergency rescue after the accident happens. 16.9 The accident’s aftermath The emergency leading group shall directly compensate for the property losses and casualties caused by the accident according to the regulations of the state and the railway departments. China Academy of Railway Science 393 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 17 Environment management and monitoring plan 17.1 Environment management New Jilin-Hunchun Railway locates in the province of Jilin, mainly passes by Jilin city, Yanbian prefecture, the environment management of this engineering will be taken by Shenyang Railway Administration and Ji-tu-hun Quick Railway Company, the supervision management will be executed grade by grade through Jilin Provincial environment protection department of Jilin Province, environment administration of Jilin City, environment administration of Yanbian prefecture. The environment protection division will implement the overall supervision management in the execution of this engineering. The energy-saving and environment protection office of railway ministry make the corresponding industry management to the environment protection of this engineering. Now the management in the pre-construction, construction and running of this engineering will be respectively stated as follows. 17.1.1 Environment management in pre-construction (1) At the feasibility stage, China Railway Engineering Consults Group Co., Ltd. will make the environment impact analysis in the feasibility study report. (2) The grade-A environment assessment unit, China Academy of Railway Science prepares and submits the “environment impact report” which will be basis of “three concurrences” regime of design guidance, engineering construction, implementation, basis of environment management and city planning upon the joint audit of environment protection ministry and railway ministry and the approval of environment protection ministry. (3) China Railway Engineering Consults Group Co., Ltd., at the preliminary design stage, prepares the environment protection manual which will be audited by railway ministry and relevant “environment protection” departments. 17.1.2 Environment management in construction period (1) Management system The management system is established through the engineering management group composed of the building company, supervision company and construction company (three-level management), at the same time it requires the design company provide active cooperation and local environment protection departments execute the supervision function. The construction company shall reinforce its own environment management; various construction companies shall be equipped with necessary professional (or part-time) environment-protection management personnel. Prior to construction, certain environment-protection professional training shall be provided to the environment-protection management personnel who will be endowed with corresponding responsibility and rights upon getting certain ability and relevant qualifications. The environment-protection management personnel shall execute the function of environment- China Academy of Railway Science 394 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project protection supervision and management at the construction site to ensure the construction is implemented in accordance with the relevant national environment-protection laws and rules and the environment-protection measures and requirements stipulated by the engineering design. The supervision company shall take various environment-protection measures stipulated in the construction contract as one of supervision importance, and require the construction company to construct in accordance with the relevant national and local environment-protection laws and rules, and standards. The environment-protection supervision shall be executed simultaneously with the engineering supervision. The environment management in the construction made by the building company is the key to do well the environment-protection of this engineering. In the work between contractor and owner, it shall put the environment-protection engineering in the same important position with the main engineering, the quality and construction period of environment-protection engineering as well as the qualification and performance of relevant construction companies shall be written into the contract as an important condition of deciding the contractor, which will lay the groundwork for the simultaneous construction of environment-protection engineering. The building company shall master the situation of environment-protection engineering in the construction, regularly inspect and summarize the implementation of environment-protection measures and use of funds, coordinate relations among various construction companies, eliminate possible existing leakage points of environment-protection project to ensure satisfy the schedule requirement of environment- protection engineering. (2) Environment management When the building company is to decide the contractor, it shall consider the complete implementation of environment-protection measures in construction as one of condition of choosing the contractor so as to ensure the execution of civilized construction and the regime of “three concurrences”. The construction company, in the organization and arrangement of construction, shall improve the environment-protection consciousness, make the civilized construction. In the populated area, the night construction time shall be reduced as much as possible, especially in the period of yearly college entrance exam; the night construction interference to residents shall be avoided. The environment-protection measures shall be implemented to position item by item, the environment protection engineering and main engineering shall be constructed and run simultaneously and it shall make sure that the cost of environment protection is used for special purpose. The construction company shall strengthen the soil and water conservation in the construction of engineering, and protect well as much as possible the soil, vegetations and water, the soil excavating and depositing site, subgrade, side slope of base stations shall be protected timely, practical and feasible protection measures shall be taken to the waste slag of tunnel. In the construction of bridge pier in water the construction machine pollution to water shall be avoided, and building rubbish shall be cleared timely, it’s forbidden to abandon the surplus soil of engineering to the river and canals, water and soil loss shall be prevented strictly. Environment management shall be strengthened to various construction sites, construction camps and other temporary construction facilities, the sewage of construction shall avert the non-organized drainage and it shall be drained into the place designated by local environment protection departments as much as possible. At the construction site, relevant stipulations in China Academy of Railway Science 395 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Noise Limits for Construction Site GB12523-90 and Measurement Method for Noise from Construction Site GB12524-90 shall be executed. For the construction site with heavy fugitive dust the dust reducing measures shall be taken with the season. The living waste at construction camps and waste slag from construction shall be properly disposed. Various construction companies shall timely clear and restore the site timely upon completion of construction. To do well the land expropriation and resettlement, implement various compensation measures. At the construction preparation stage, main work of environment protection is how to protect the benefits of farmers and residents whose land is levied and whose houses are removed during levying land and removing houses. Removal shall be decreased as much as possible in the process of construction. Reviewing the whole railway, for the main people influenced by the land expropriation, in the downtown of Jilin City and Yanji City, they are residents in the housing community, for other areas where the railway passes by, they are farmers living on the agriculture and forestry and residents and medium-small urban residents whose houses are levied. The land expropriation work relates to the smooth implementation of engineering, how to get the relocation household move away, make reasonable compensation and stable arrangement is the most important in the environment protection at the construction preparation stage, therefore following action plans are proposed. a. Through the building company, establish the land requisition contract with the land administration department of county-level above government, the fee is transferred to the special account for land of this engineering designated by the local land administration department. b. The quantity of young crop on cultivated land and grass land and measurement of square of house removed shall be operated together by the construction company, building company, local governmental authorities and farmers (householder), supervised by the land administration department, the compensation fee shall be calculated in accordance with local compensation standards, the whole process shall be proceeded following the principle of publicity. For the compensation of young crop belonging to the farmers, it’s proposed to make the one-time compensation to position before the season changes in that year so as to facilitate farmers invest the production of the next season. For the compensation fee for removal it’s proposed to complete the payment before the house owner complete the new house c. For The land compensation fee and settlement fee of cultivated land confiscation, according to the article 30 in the Law of Land Administration of the People’s Republic of China, except for the fees for developing the production of village whose land is levied and for arrange the employment of redundant labors caused by the land requisition as well as the living allowance for people who are unemployed, they cannot be taken for other uses. In the land requisition and removal, any bad behavior of companies or persons will be treated as invasion to national benefits and benefits of persons whose lands are levied or houses are removed. Therefore, the supervision from judicature, banks, audits and news media have an important significance in the process of execution. Shenyang railway administration, preparatory team of Ji-tu-hun quick railway company, Supervision Company and Construction Company shall designate professional (or part-time) environment management personnel. The grass-roots construction companies and main construction China Academy of Railway Science 396 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project sites shall designate professional (or part-time) environment management staff, take responsibilities of implement various environment protection measures in the construction period and participate the final acceptance of engineering. 17.1.3 Environment management in the running period The responsibility of environment management in the running period mainly exists that, within the management range of Shenyang railway administration, Ji-tu-hun quick railway company in the running period, they shall prepare the environment protection management regulations, maintain various environment protection measures to ensure their normal running, do well the daily environment monitoring work, master the running situation of various environment protection measures along the railway to provide necessary environment protection documents to the super administrative department and provide scientific basis for environment protection policy, laws and regulations to be prepared. Management body: For this railway, the environment management in the running period is mainly taken by Shenyang railway administration, Ji-tu-hun quick railway company, grass-roots stations and sections. The grass-roots stations and sections are in charge of normal running and maintenance of equipped environment protection facilities, monitor and record daily environment protection, deal with possible pollution accidents and disputes under the assistance of super administrative department. Shenyang railway administration and ji-tu-hun quick railway company are responsible for providing professional guidance and monitoring to the environment protection work along the railway, assist the plan department audit, arrange the update of environment protection treatment measures and the new investment plan along the whole railway, coordinate the relationship with the local environment protection department and super environment protection authorities along the railway, assist the grass-roots stations and sections to deal with pollution accidents. Environment protection administrations of Jilin province, Jilin city and Yanbian prefecture and monitoring departments authorized by them will directly monitoring the discharge of railway pollution sources and execute the total quantity control to them step by step, and manage them in accordance with relevant environment protection rules and regulations issued by the country. For the environment management and monitoring system of this railway in the running period in the government department and railway internals, refer to the figures 17-1-1, 17-1-2. 397 China Academy of Railway Science 397 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 17-1-1 Environment monitoring management frame of governmental administrative departments Environment protection ministry Environment protection department of Jilin Environment administration of Jilin City Environment administration of Yanbian prefecture Environment administration of Yanbian prefecture Fig. 17-1-2 Railway environment management frame Energy-saving and environment protection section of developing and planning department under railway ministry Environment protection office of various stations and sections Shenyang railway administration Ji-tu-hun quick railway company Shenyang railway administration and Ji-tu-hun quick railway company are responsible for executing the plan management and environment protection engineering of stations and sections, and coordinating local environment protection department. Relevant environment protection problems in the railway building and running shall be managed by various railway administrations and timely sorted into their work plans. Meanwhile they are responsible for the final acceptance, running, commissioning and personnel training of various pollution treatment facilities of this engineering, stations and sections shall be responsible for the daily management and maintenance of various environment protection facilities to guarantee the good state of various environment protection facilities and polluted substances achieving the discharge standard. For the environment management plan of this engineering refer to the table 17-1-1. China Academy of Railway Science 398 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 17-1-1 Environment management plan Management Executing Responsible Supervision Environment measures stage body body unit 1. Reasonable location Environment choice, sensitive areas protection shall be averted and land Planning ministry and use shall be reduced as Preparation department of environment much as possible Design unit period railway protection 2. List sufficient ministry administrations reasonable environment of provinces protection measure and cities investments 1. Regular watering for construction access 2. Temporary building removal, greening and reinstatement for temporary used land 3. Protection and strengthening of subgrade, protection of Soil (ballast) excavating Environment and depositing site, bridge protection Construction construction protection Construction administrations period companies 4. Near the residents’ of provinces Shenyang house, it’s forbidden to do and cities the construction activities railway at night such as piling administration, 5. Strengthen the Ji-tu-hun environment management Quick Railway to construction camps, the Company waste water and rubbishs produced from construction shall be handled by proper methods 1. Maintenance of environment protection Environment Environment facilities protection protection Running 2. Daily environment office of administrations period protection management stations and of provinces 3. Implementation of sections and cities environment monitoring plan China Academy of Railway Science 399 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 17.2 Environment monitoring plan 17.2.1 Monitoring purpose The environment monitoring of this project mainly includes the monitoring of environment impact (water, air, noise, solid waste) along the railway in the construction period and running period. Its purpose is to take necessary measure and method to timely know the range, degree and time of influence of various engineering activities in the construction period and running period of project on the environment protection targets, take corresponding mitigation measures to the engineering activities producing environment impact, meanwhile it’s also a way to prove the protection effect produced by the environment protection measures taken, and at maximum control the railway building influence on environment within the allowable range. 17.2.2 Monitoring work and organization body (1) Construction period The construction company shall strengthen educations to construction persons, improve the environment protection consciousness, designate professional (or part-time) persons to supervise the living waste and domestic sewage produced from the construction camps so as to have them treated and drained away in accordance with relevant local rules and regulations; supervise the construction site to execute the limit standard of noise from construction sites; press the construction teams to water the construction access in the dry seasons to prevent fugitive dust; supervise the water and soil loss protection measures for main engineering and soil (ballast) excavating and depositing site. Professional (or part-time) environment protection personnel’s press the construction teams to implement the construction supervision and final acceptance of various environment protection measures (2) Running period The main environment monitor in the running period is to monitor the railway noise vibration influence to sensitive points along the track, concentration of emission of pollution at drainage outlet of domestic sewage, emission of pollutions from boilers of various stations and electromagnetic interference influence on the receiving of television signals. The environment monitoring in the running period shall be performed by the railway environment monitoring system, the environment monitoring station of Jilin province or environment monitoring station of Jilin city and Yanbian prefecture shall make regular random inspection to the unit in which the railway pollution occurs. The monitoring station of Shenyang railway administration shall be responsible for the regular monitoring so as to ensure that various discharged pollutions achieve the emission standard. China Academy of Railway Science 400 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 17.2.3 Monitoring plan According to the engineering characteristics of various projects, the periodical environment monitoring plans will be prepared in accordance with the building period and the running period, refer to the table 17-2-1. Table 17-2-1 Environment monitoring plan in building period and running period e Periodical monitoring plan p Project y T Building period Running period Ecology Extra large bridge over the Location monitoring of Songhuajiang water quality Execution t and aquatic at The entrusted monitoring unit n body e water source m 3-lake protective zone, the n Location o r Forest ecology Sunlight Mt. forest garden i v n monitoring Execution e The entrusted monitoring unit l body a c i Extra large bridge over mi g Location o river l o Formosanous c Execution E The entrusted monitoring unit body Location Mingyue town Matsutake Execution monitoring The entrusted monitoring unit body Pollution source Construction machine noise Railway noise Monitoring factor LAeq (dB) LAeq (dB) 1. Emission Standards and Measurement Railway Noise on the Boundary Alongside Noise Limits for Construction Railway Line GB12525-90 is e s i sites GB12523-90, executed for the boundary o n Executed standard Measurement for Noise from alongside railway line t n Construction Sites GB12524- 2. Sound Environment e 90 Quality Standard GB3096- m n 2008 shall be performed o r i outside the boundary v n alongside railway line E Huaxi Yayuan, Xinchang Huaxi Yayuan, Xinchang Monitoring location North District, Baishi village, North District, Baishi village, Jizhong village etc. Jizhong village etc. One day per season, two Monitoring frequency Two times per year times per day (day, night) The entrusted monitoring Executing body The entrusted monitoring unit unit Responsible body Building company Building company China Academy of Railway Science 401 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project e Periodical monitoring plan p Project y T Building period Running period Ecology Extra large bridge over the Location monitoring of Songhuajiang water quality Execution t and aquatic at The entrusted monitoring unit n body e water source m 3-lake protective zone, the n Location o r Forest ecology Sunlight Mt. forest garden i v n monitoring Execution e The entrusted monitoring unit l body a c i Extra large bridge over mi g Location o river l o Formosanous c Execution E The entrusted monitoring unit body Location Mingyue town Matsutake Execution monitoring The entrusted monitoring unit body Environment protection Environment protection department of Jilin province, department of Jilin province, Monitoring body environment protection environment protection administration of Jilin city and administration of Jilin city Yanbian prefecture and Yanbian prefecture Construction machine Vibration from the running of Pollution source virbration trains Monitoring factor LV (mm/s) VLZ (dB) Standard of Vibration in Urban Area Environment GB10070-88, Measurement Executed standard Method of Environmental n Vibration of Urban Area o i t GB10071-88 a r Mao’er Mt. Graveyard, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard, b i v Longtanshancheng, Huaxi Longtanshancheng, Huaxi t n Monitoring location Yayuan, Xinchang North Yayuan, Xinchang North e m District, Baishi village, Jizhong District, Baishi village, n o Village etc. Jizhong Village etc. r i v Monitoring frequency One time per season One time per year n E The entrusted monitoring Executing body The entrusted monitoring unit unit Responsible body Building company Building company Environment protection Environment protection department of Jilin province, department of Jilin province, Monitoring body environment protection environment protection administration of Jilin City and administration of Jilin City Yanbian prefecture and Yanbian prefecture e r m Pollution source Construction sewage Production sewage e n t t o a n r i v W pH, COD, SS, BOD5, petrol n Monitoring factor pH, SS, COD, BOD5 e category China Academy of Railway Science 402 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project e Periodical monitoring plan p Project y T Building period Running period Ecology Extra large bridge over the Location monitoring of Songhuajiang water quality Execution t and aquatic at The entrusted monitoring unit n body e water source m 3-lake protective zone, the n Location o r Forest ecology Sunlight Mt. forest garden i v n monitoring Execution e The entrusted monitoring unit l body a c i Extra large bridge over mi g Location o river l o Formosanous c Execution E The entrusted monitoring unit body Location Mingyue town Matsutake Execution monitoring The entrusted monitoring unit body Integrated Wastewater Integrated Wastewater Executed standard Discharge Standard GB8978- Discharge Standard 1996 GB8978-1996 Various stations along the Monitoring location Construction site, large camp railway One time of the first year Monitoring frequency One time per year after running The entrusted monitoring Executing body The entrusted monitoring unit unit Responsible body Building company Building company Environment protection Environment protection department of Jilin province, department of Jilin province, Monitoring body environment protection environment protection administration of Jilin City and administration of Jilin City Yanbian prefecture and Yanbian prefecture Pollution source Construction fugitive dust Boilers of various stations Monitoring factor TSP Smoke dust, SO2 Grade-two Standard in Quality Ambient Air Quality Standard Ambient Air Quality standard GB3095-1996 Standard GB3095-1996 Executed Standard During II Period at r i a standard Category Two Area in t Discharge n / Emission Standard of Air e standard Pollutants for Boilers m n GB13271-2001 o r i v Flue gas discharge outlet of n Main construction points E Monitoring location boiler houses at various along the railway stations Two times per month in the Monitoring frequency tight earthwork construction Two times per year period The entrusted monitoring Executing body The entrusted monitoring unit unit China Academy of Railway Science 403 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project e Periodical monitoring plan p Project y T Building period Running period Ecology Extra large bridge over the Location monitoring of Songhuajiang water quality Execution t and aquatic at The entrusted monitoring unit n body e water source m 3-lake protective zone, the n Location o r Forest ecology Sunlight Mt. forest garden i v n monitoring Execution e The entrusted monitoring unit l body a c i Extra large bridge over mi g Location o river l o Formosanous c Execution E The entrusted monitoring unit body Location Mingyue town Matsutake Execution monitoring The entrusted monitoring unit body Responsible body Building company Building company Environment protection Environment protection department of Jilin province, department of Jilin province, Monitoring body environment protection environment protection administration of Jilin City and administration of Jilin City Yanbian prefecture and Yanbian prefecture Electromagnetic radiation Pollution source / produced from the running of train Strong television signal field Monitoring factor / and setting wireless noise field Normal watch can be achieved by the signal and noise ratio of 35dB, for the n o i Executed standard / picture quality the injury t a i scoring system of five d a recommend by international r c i radio consultative committee t e Various electromagnetic n g Monitoring location / sensitive points along the a m whole railway o r t Monitor one time after c Monitoring frequency / e l running E The entrusted monitoring Executing body / unit Shengyang railway Responsible body / administration Environment protection department of Jilin province, Monitoring body / environment protection administration of Jilin City and Yanbian prefecture China Academy of Railway Science 404 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 17.2.4 Environment protection staff training In order to smoothly and efficiently execute the project, environment protection knowledge and skill training shall be made to all persons (including construction person etc.), except for explain importance of environment protection engineering and its execution significance to all person, it shall provide different important professional trains to staff of different posts. For the specific training plan refer to the table 17-2-3. Table 17-2-3 Training plan table Training time Trained personnel Training content (day) Environment protection laws and regulations, construction plan, 2~3 environment monitoring codes and specifications Environment protection supervision engineers Wild animal protection at the 3-lake in the construction protective zone and Sunlight Mt. provincial period and newly forest park, fish protection over Mijiang added environment Salmons, representative species protection such as Songrong , portable protection personnel in 3~4 the running period water source and antiquity protection, monitoring and control technology of environment air and wastewater, noise vibration monitoring and control technology 17.3 Environment supervision in the construction period The environment supervision in the construction period is an advanced environment management manner, it can adhere to the building of engineering, and sort the environment management to the whole construction process, get the negative environment management become the positive environment management, have the result management become the process management, it can effectively control the ecology destruction and environment pollution in the construction process. 17.3.1 Environment supervision target in the construction period Environment supervision is an important measure to execute the “three meanwhile” system of national environment protection, continuity and elongation of project environment protection; it’s also important guarantee to the complete implementation of project environment protection report and soil and water conservation plan in the construction period. The main targets of environment project supervision are: (1) According to the environment protection report approved by the environment protection ministry, to ensure that various environment protection stipulated by this report is completely implemented in the construction. (2) Through the supervision, to ensure that the construction quality, schedule, ecology recovery, pollution treatment, soil and water loss treatment of various environment projection, soil and water China Academy of Railway Science 405 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project conservation engineering achieve the stipulated standard, satisfy requirements of national laws and regulations on environment protection, water and soil loss conservation. (3) According to supervision responsibility, right and work procedure stipulated in contract, report accidents in which the construction activities are not done in accordance with the stipulated requirement or construction quality that doesn’t satisfy the quality requirements, propose the treatment measures, review, approve, modify or change it in accordance with the stipulated procedure. (4) Assist the law enforcement examination of local environment protection administrative department and water protection administrative department, provide scientific and detailed basis for deal with the environment protection disputes. (5) Audit and accept the quantity and quality of environment protection and water protection engineering, participate the final acceptance of engineering. 17.3.2 Range of environment supervision in the construction period The range of environment supervision in the construction period is the construction area and areas where is under the influence of construction. The supervision shall go through the whole process of construction by ways of resident standing at construction site, periodic patrol inspection and irregular important spot-check of construction points with assistance of instrument monitoring; through the environment supervision in the construction period, to timely find out problems, propose the modification requirements, and timely inspect the modification results. The importance of environment supervision in this engineering is the ecological environment supervision, with consideration to the environment pollution supervision in the construction period. The important supervision project is the earth and stone work and the protection. The important engineering is portable water source protective zone of Jilin City, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard, Songhuajiang 3-lake Natural Protection Zone of Jilin province, national forest park over the Lafa mountain, Mijiang Salmon Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone, mountain town at the Mopan village, extra large bridge over Songhuajiang and soil (ballast) excavating and depositing sites along the railway. 17.3.3 Content and method of environment supervision as well as measure effects (1) Content of environment supervision in the construction period Soil (ballast) excavating and depositing site, construction camps, location and scale of access, engineering protection measures, ground vegetation reinstatement and protection measures of locations such as soil (ballast) excavating and depositing site; greening and plants protection measures on engineering land, especially the important supervision to important bridges such extra large bridge over Songhuajiang. Control measures such as construction noises from machines, transportation vehicles and excavation of earth and stone work, prevention of fugitive dust and smoke dust from construction China Academy of Railway Science 406 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project operation sites, discharge and disposition of production and living wastewater from construction, centralized collection, clearing, transportation and disposition of construction rubbishes and living rubbishes. (2) Method of environment supervision in the construction period Patrol examination is adopted with assistance of necessary environment supervision. It aims to through the environment supervision system make necessary limits and standardize behaviors of participants of engineering so as to have the environment protection investment produce due benefits, have environment protection measure implemented to its due position and get the environmental benefit unified with the social and economic benefits of engineering. To establish the post responsibility of environment protection supervision engineer and various management system; establish the supervision work station at construction sites, perfect the supervision organization, staffing, installation and commissioning of office and laboratory equipments. The supervision station shall stay in a place where it’s near the environment sensitive points with convenient traffic and the important control engineering is centralized; According to the engineering measures to protect ecological environment, pollution treatment of water, air, sound and slag in the environment impact report of this project, to analyze and study the main content, technical requirements and execution standard of design of construction drawings; To organize the site check, according to the construction organization plan timely make the technical handover to the construction company stating content, technical requirement and execution of environment protection engineering of bid lot of construction company and environment protection organization, responsibility and work of construction company; Know the construction organization plan of the whole railway, track the construction progress, make the intervention ahead of time and the process supervision to the important control engineering; supervise the important engineering and concealed engineering; timely analyze various environment problems occurred in construction, and handle them in accordance with procedure within the authority limits; (3) Method of environment protection supervision According to the characteristics of this engineering of railway, the environment protection supervision adopts the following principles, “combinations of points and lines, emphasizing the importance, consideration to the whole line, taking responsibilities section by section”. For the serious violation to regulations, activities causing serious influence to environment in the construction of various sections and points, time-limited modification and remedy notification shall be issued to the construction company or ask the owner to issue the work suspension order. For problems causing serious and bad results and serious economic damage, it shall analyze causes, find out who is to blame, apply economic method or other mandatory methods to handle them. For environment problems caused by that the supervision engineering doesn’t carefully execute his supervision responsibilities, it shall be handled in accordance with the stipulations in contract. China Academy of Railway Science 407 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Regularly call up supervision engineers to have coordination meetings, completely master various environment problems existed in the railway construction and discuss the disposal opinions on important environment accidents. Keep close contact and cooperation with building company, design company, construction company and supervision company, regularly submit various required reports to owner, and change the design in accordance with the stipulated procedure. (4) Effect to be achieved Strengthen the environment supervision to the construction company so as to standardize construction activities, to get ecological and landscape environment damage and pollution discharge of construction process controlled effectively to facilitate the environment protection department make the environment protection supervision management in the construction process. Hold responsibilities of control environment protection measures relating to the quality of main engineering, play a supplementary, supervision and guidance roles to the construction supervision. With the administrative department of environment protection, implement national and local rules and laws of environment protection; fully play the supervision role of the third party. 17.3.4 Execution manner and content of environment protection supervision (1) The environment protection supervision engineers shall monthly and seasonally submit reports such as construction progress, quality control, work quantity, acceptance reports and inspection reports to owner. (2) Irregularly and timely submit various abrupt environment problems in construction and their disposal results to the owner. (3) For relevant environment problems related to the civil work before and after stations, timely handle them with relevant departments of building company and supervision company through coordination. (4) For design change of environment protection and water protection engineering caused by emission and errors of design, it shall respectively submit them to the owner, design company and construction company in accordance with the change catalogue and procedure. (5) Timely handle the environment protection and water protection problems occurred in the law enforcement examination by the owner, industrial administrative authority and local administrative authority. 17.3.5 Training of environment protection personnel In order to guarantee the equity and standard of construction environment supervision, the work ability of environment supervision personnel is vital. Before the development of work, it shall make relevant training to relevant supervision personnel so as to have them master the environment China Academy of Railway Science 408 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project supervision work, environment protection laws and regulations. They cannot work until they are qualified by the training. (1) Environment protection training of construction company and supervision company in the construction period The building company shall authorize the environment supervision company to hold the training of professional (or part-time) environment protection personnel for the construction company and supervision company of this engineering. The trained objects are technical responsible and professional environment protection management personnel of various construction companies and supervision companies The lessons include rules and regulation, documents relating to environment protection, soil and water conservation etc of building project management stipulated by the nation, railway ministry and Jilin province, as well as relevant required environment protection measures proposed by the design and environment protection requirement in the construction period. For the tutor of trainings it’s to invite the environment protection responsible of energy-saving and environment protection office of railway ministry, local environment protection administration and Assessment Company (2) Newly added professional (or part-time) environment protection personnel training in the running period The newly added professional (or part-time) environment protection personnel training in the running period shall be executed by the running company, invite universities, science research institutes and relevant environment protection experts to teach lessons or participate the short-time training. China Academy of Railway Science 409 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 18 Environment protection measures and investment estimates The New Jilin-Hunchun Railway to be established will cause certain damage and influence to the area environment within the assessment range of railway to be established, in order to make this kind of damage and influence at maximum controlled within the allowable range, it must take necessary treatment measures so as to unify the economic and social benefits of this project with the environment benefits. 18.1 Ecological prevention and treatment measures and suggestions 1. The design shall express the principle of “main emphasis of prevention and priority to protection”. The environment protection design of main engineering and temporary engineering shall be made well. When the route is chosen, it shall combine the general planning of local city development and land use to avert the basic farmland protection zone as much as possible, in the principle of less land occupation, the badland shall be used as much as possible. The station locating, except combining the city planning, stations shall set on badland as much as possible to improve the land use value. 2. As there are rich plant resources, it’s planned to plant trees at both sides of railway, plant grass on the subgrade side slope, green the production and living area, plant bush and grass within the range of temporary land upon completion of construction. Combination of grass, bush and tree is adopted as vegetation reinstatement measures to improve the vegetation cover rate and productivity as quick as possible. The implementation of reclamation of land under bridge and vegetation reclamation can reduce the influence on the productivity of land along the railway. 3. Governments alongside of railway may adjust the land use planning and basic farmland protection zone division in accordance with the quantity of basic farmland approved by the state council, increase the development of backup land resources, by adjusting the land planning, delete and get back the basic farmland of same square to ensure that the total square of basic farmland in its area will not be reduced due to railway building. It may improve the planting condition of cultivated land, adjust the agriculture structure, improve the irrigation facilities and mechanical level so as to increase the soil quality and gain output, decrease the damage caused by engineering- occupied basic farmland in order to ensure the continuous development of agriculture industry. 4. Strengthen the monitoring and management in the construction period, do the construction in strict accordance with design. The construction company shall strengthen the environment consciousness of construction teams, make civilized construction, the abandoned soil and slag shall be placed at the designated locations required by the design to ensure that there is random soil and slag abandoning. The temporary construction land use shall be strictly controlled, the temporary land use and permanent land use shall combined, engineering material and machines shall be placed in order, the vehicles run in accordance with the designated route so as to reduce the damage to the ground vegetation. China Academy of Railway Science 410 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 5. In the engineering bidding invitation, the building company shall written relevant ecological environment protection into the bidding invitation documents, strengthen the protection consciousness of construction personnel to agriculture, forests and water, meanwhile it shall clearly state the environment protection responsibilities and obligations of construction company in the construction period, strengthen the supervision and limits of environment protection engineering. Before the formal commencement of engineering, the building company shall invite relevant environment protection experts to make pre-job training of relevant environment laws, regulations and relevant environment protection knowledge such as Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China, Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China, Wild Animal Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, strengthen the environment protection consciousness of construction personnel, standardize construction activities so as to decrease the damage to the ecological environment along the railway caused by the engineering construction. 6. Prevention and treatment measures of main engineering (1) Subgrade protection measures 1) Slope protection of road embankment When the side slope height of road embankment is less than 3m, the side slope is protected with prefabricated hollow concrete C20 bricks in which soil is laid, grass and river locust is planted. When the height of road embankment is not less than 3m, the slope at both side under the skin layer of subgrade bed of road embankment, biaxial extensional plastic geogrid (tensile strength not less than 25KN/m, spacing is 0.6m) with width not less than 3m shall be laid horizontally, M7.5 cement mortar rubble masonry arch interception framework protection in which grass seed is scattered and shrub is planted. The framework size is 3×3m, the arch framework thickness is 0.4m, the rib framework thickness is 0.6m. For the water submerged section, the foot wall foundation shall be set and mortar rubble masonry slope protection is made, the top elevation of slop protection = design flood water level + water- invaded height + backwater height + 0.5m. For the road embankment section whose foundation is frost heavy soil layer, with plain land, difficult drainage in longitudinal direction, anti-freezing berm shall be set at both sides of side slope, berm width and height shall not be less than the max seasonal freezing depth in the area located. 2) High road embankment (when road embankment side slope height is over 8m) Fillings of groups A B shall be placed under the skin layer of subgrade bed, its compaction shall be strengthened; the compaction standard is the same as the requirement for bottom layer of subgrade bed. The road embankment side slope shall be protected grade by grade from the road shoulder elevation, the graded elevation of side slope shall not exceed 8.0m, the slope ratio of the first grade is 1:1.5, for the second grade is 1:1.75, for other grades under the third grade all are 1:2. Generally China Academy of Railway Science 411 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project the side slope platform width is 2~3m, the side slope is made by adopting M7.5 mortar rubble masonry arch interception framework in which grass seed is scattered and shrub is planted for protection, the side slope platform is made by adopting M7.5 mortar rubble masonry to enclose it and setting rectangular intercepting ditch, the intercepting ditch bottom is 0.4m wide, 0.4m deep, 0.3m thick. Within the width range of 3.0m~4.0m of side slope the reinforced plastic geogrid is set with spacing of 0.6m; full-face full-thread rebar is set every 1.5m along side slope of grades 1~2 at the middle and bottom parts of slope. The biaxial tensile strength of plastic geogrid shall be not less than 50KN/m. 3~5m high heavy bearing wall or 6~10m high sheet-pile wall shall be set at toe of road embankment side slope in accordance with demands so as to reduce the slope height. 3) Subgrade of abrupt slope (horizontal slope over the road embankment subgrade bed surface is 1:2.5) For the subgrade of abrupt slope it shall inspect and calculate the stability of weak intercalation along subgrade bottom or under subgrade bottom in accordance with the worst loadings, slide resistance factor of 1.25 is adopted. When the stability is insufficient, it may take measures such as setting retaining walls for road embankments to strengthen the stability. Generally Height of heavy bearing soil retaining wall for road shoulder shall not be more than 8.0m.the height of heavy bearing retaining wall for road embankment is generally not more than 6.0m, the suspension retaining wall height is generally not more than 6.0m, counterfort retaining wall height is generally not more than 10.0m.For the heavy retaining wall, C25 concrete rubble masonry is adopted, the burying depth of its foundation shall not be less than 1.25m, replace the foundation soil with the non-freezing soil within the range of 0.25m deep from the subgrade bottom to the freezing line. 4) Deep road cut and road cut slope surface protection Slope surface protection work shall be made at road cut of soft rock, heavy-weathered, broken- structure hard rock and soil road cut. In principle the slope protection work shall be made by adopting flat side slope with green plants on the condition of guaranteeing the stability of side slope. Soil road cut When the side slope height doesn’t exceed 3m, grass seed and shrub shall be planted on the side slope for protection; When the side slope height is more than 3m, it shall be protected by the M7.5 cement mortar rubble masonry arch framework with the cutoff trench 3×3m, in this framework grass seed shall be scattered and bush shall be planted. When the road cut side slope height is more than 6m, low retaining wall of 3m high shall be set at the bottom. When the side slope is higher, a platform and cutoff trench shall be set in the middle part, and a cutoff ditch is set there. When the retaining wall height is more than 6m, it shall take temporary shot-concrete and anchor bolt protection measures in the construction. Up-down, right-left alternative arrangement of anchor bolts shall be made every 2.0m, the anchor bolt is made of rebar 16HRB335; the anchor hole is China Academy of Railway Science 412 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 1.6m deep, filled with M30 cement mortar, the slope surface is shot by M10 cement mortar with thickness of 0.04m, if necessary, galvanized iron wire net shall be laid on the slope surface. Rock road cut a. When the side slope is higher, the slope may be finished by adopting the retaining wall. For the soil or soft rock road cut side slope, protection measures or strengthening measures such as M7.5 mortar rubble masonry interception framework slope protection, mortar rubble masonry slope protection, protection walls, three-dimensional ecological bag protection, netted shot-concrete and anchor bolts, anchor bolt framework, anchor wires. For the complete hard rock road cut slope, the smooth blasting (or pre-split blasting) shall be adopted, protection to the slope surface shall not be made. The soil retaining wall is made of C25 concrete rubble masonry, its max wall height is proposed to be controlled within 8m, the foundation burying depth is not less than 1.25m. When the whole slope masonry protection is adopted, climbing plants shall be planted at the slope toe for greening for the internal of frame slope protection, bush protection shall be made there, if necessary, geocell earthing shall be set in the framework. b. For the road cut construction site where there is larger earth excavation and the geographical condition is worse, pre-stressed anchor wire, sheet-pile wall or other strengthening measures shall be taken depending on the specific construction point situation. c. Retaining wall shall be set for soft rock, if its height is more than 8m and it locates at the much lithology-cracked section, it shall take temporary shot-concrete and anchor bolt protection measures in the construction, up-down, right-left alternative arrangement of anchor bolts shall be made every 2.0m, the anchor bolt is made of rebar 16HRB335; the anchor hole is 1.6m deep, filled with M30 cement mortar, the slope surface is shot by M10 cement mortar with thickness of 0.04m, if necessary, galvanized iron wire net shall be laid on the slope surface. 5) Water-submerged subgrade Road embankment crossing pools For the road embankment crossing the pool section, if there is still water conserved there upon the completion of engineering, generally it shall set cofferdams to drain out the water and clear away the slurry, then place the road embankment, permeable soil shall be placed under the elevation of pool bank, mortar rubble masonry side slope protection shall be adopted, the side slope is flattened one grade, plate stone foundations are set at the slope toe, and 2.0m wide side slope platform shall be set at the flat pool bank elevation. For the subgrade crossing pools of soft soil section, it shall set cofferdams to drain out water and clear away the slurry, then strengthen it as soft soil subgrade, fill permeable soil to the elevation of pool bank. Considering that the whole pool is to be abandoned, it shall drain out water, clear away the slurry, then make fillings as normal road embankment, the water drainage system of road embankment shall be kept smooth. Road embankment running along beaches and rivers China Academy of Railway Science 413 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project a. The protection elevation = protection water level + wave invasion height + backwater height + 0.5m. At the top protection elevation a 2.0m wide platform shall be set, permeable soil shall be filled under the protection elevation. This side slope ratio is one grade flatter than the general road embankment side slope. b. Protection measures: the water current along beaches is less than 1.8m/s, 0.30m thick dry rubble masonry slope protection is adopted. When the water currents along beaches are 1.8~3.0m/s, the 0.30m thick M7.5 mortar rubble masonry slope protection is adopted. When the water currents along beaches is more than 3.0m/s, the concrete C20 rubble retaining wall protection is adopted. c. For the subgrade at both bridge ends crossing rivers, the 0.30m thick M7.5 mortar rubble masonry slope protection is adopted, its protection length is considered as 20m. 6) Expansive soil (rock) road cut The road cut side slope is graded every 6m, the 6m bottom is slopped as 1:1.5, the slope upward from the 6m to the 10m is slopped as the ratio of 1:1.75, a 2m wide platform is set between steps, and the interception ditch is set on the platform. For the road cut whose slope height is more than 10m, it shall adopt the arch method to calculate the stability, the safety factor is 1.25, the slope manner and slope ratio is set in accordance with the calculated results. When the slope height is less than 3m, hollow brick and plant slope protection is adopted. When the slope height is more than 3m, the protection by 3×3m M7.5 mortar rubble masonry arch water- saving framework with hollow bricks and plants are made. When the slope height is more than 6m, C25 rubble concrete toe wall with height of 3m is set at the slope toe, a 2m wide platform is set at the wall top. The above slope is slopped grade by grade and protection according to the above- stated principle, if necessary, the slide retaining wall or slide pile is set. Strengthen the diversion and drainage design, impingement and impermeable strengthening measures shall be taken to side trenches, cullis and cutoff trenches. 7) Drainage of subgrade The subgrade shall have good complete drainage system. The drainage equipment shall be reasonably arranged, have good connection with the drainage equipments at bridges and culverts, tunnels, stations etc with sufficient drainage capability to ensure the smooth drainage. The drainage engineering shall combine with the specific conditions, properly strengthen the horizontal drainage facilities of subgrade, and be timely executed to prevent the soft subgrade and collapsed slope caused by invasion of surface water and underwater during the construction. The drainage ditch, cutoff trench, cullis: for the section of obvious horizontal slope on the ground, the drainage ditch and cullis shall be set at one side of subgrade. If the horizontal slope on the ground is not obvious, it’s proposed to set them at both sides of subgrade. Platforms and rectangular cutoff ditches shall be set at the side slope of road cut. Generally the drainage ditch and cullis is in form of trapezoid with bottom width of 0.4m, depth of 0.6m, the slope ratio is 1:1, the M7.5 cement mortar rubble masonry or prefabricated C15 concrete masonry is adopted; generally the cutoff trench is in form of rectangle with bottom width of 0.4m, depth of 0.4m. China Academy of Railway Science 414 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Side ditch: rectangular side ditch with bottom width of 0.6m, depth of 0.8m is adopted, and C25 reinforced concrete member masonry with thickness of 0.2m is adopted, reinforced concrete top cover is laid on the top. For partial part with large drainage, the side ditch shall be expanded in accordance with the flow documents. Blind ditch: for earth excavation section of much underwater, the blind ditch shall be set to diverse the underwater within the range of subgrade bed bottom layer out of the subgrade. (2) Protection of bridge and culvert engineering The bridge and culvert in the railway occupy much larger percentage. The building of bridges and culverts have certain influence on the ecological environment and soil and water conservation, therefore in the design it take active measures to reduce the influence caused by the construction of engineering. When crossing the river, the bridge arrangement shall not shorten the river way as much as possible, and the river bank destructed by construction shall be recovered and protected by masonry; While crossing the gulch, the large long ditch and modification of ditch shall be avoided to keep the natural flow state so as t ensure the smooth drainage of flood. The streamline pier shall be adopted as much as possible so as to reduce the current obstruction area by the pier body, avoid enlarge the washing, decrease its influence on the side slope of upper and lower river of bridge location and avoid the water and soil loss; The culvert hole diameter design shall fully consider its flood drainage capabilities to avoid the water drainage limitation of culvert caused by smaller diameter which will cause the lower river wash, aggravate and cause the water and soil loss; For ditches for agricultural drainage and irrigation, the bridge and culvert shall be set at places where the ditches are met so as to guarantee the smooth flow of drainage and irrigation system. The abandoned soil produced from the foundation excavation shall be transported to the designated soil depositing site or the indentation area where it shall be properly greened. To timely clear away the cofferdam for construction to ensure the clear passage of water and sea- route. (3) Tunnel engineering protection In the design and construction process of tunnel, the principle of early come late go shall be strictly executed, when the condition is proper, the slanting cut tunnel portal shall be adopted to as much as possible reduce the earth washed height of side slope and front slope at the tunnel portal, reduce the quantity of destructed ground vegetation. In the construction process, the setting of construction access, construction shelter and operation sites shall maintain the natural state as much as possible, even the badlands is used, it shall reduce the excavation and the quantity of rock moved away as much as possible so as to protect the vegetation. Upon completion of construction, the side slope and front slope at the tunnel portal and places where the vegetation is destructed shall be reinstated. (4) Station protection China Academy of Railway Science 415 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The station protection mainly includes the station drainage and station greening protection. For the concrete retaining wall within the train station range, the protection way of planting climbing plants to cover the slope surface is adopted. For the side slope with flatter slope surface, it may plant bushes, trees may be planted at the road embankment slope toe; the station fence may be covered with climbing plants or replaced with hedgerows; in the middle part of station, it may plant trees, shrubs or pergolas. At the sides of station, it may arrange flower borders, plant trees and bushes. For the wall surface it may plant climbing vegetations for greening and use the hedgerows for separation and diversion. For the greening around the office and production area, it mainly satisfies requirements of sanitary protection. It’s proposed to plant trees at the sunny sides, large trees with many green leaves shall be planted in the east and west directions, and evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs shall be planted alternatively in the north direction. Grass shall be planted over the empty area. Green punt- poles and bushes shall be planted 1~2m away before windows, between which grass shall be laid with interspersed flowers. For windows in west, if there are such conditions, it may set green pergola to prevent sunshine from west, for this purpose, the pulses and climbing plants such as hops. The wall surface shall be greened wholly, if there are conditions, it may plant grass plants on the house top or plant vegetables. The vertical greening shall be applied to all fence walls. On general conditions, the green belt shall occupy about 20% of the road. Grass and bushes may be planted on the footway and under trees. (5) Protection measures for large temporary work 1) Optimize the construction organization design to reduce its influence from the source Due to the time use discrepancy between borrow areas and mixture area and beam fabrication and storage workshop, by optimizing the construction organization design, it shall use the site formed by the borrow area upon its excavation as the mixture station or beam fabrication and storage workshop. This railway is parallel to the exited chang-tu railway in cities of Jilin, Dunhua etc. it’s suggested the design company to optimize the design at the next stage to use the open area of existed train station in the chang-tu railway as track laying base and beam prefabrication and storage workshop so as to reduce the levied land quantity of temporary work and decrease the quantity of ground vegetation destructed by temporary work. 2) Submit and approve formalities to occupy basic farmland in accordance with laws, increase the reclamation and vegetation reinstatement range Basic farmland passed by the railway mainly locates in Jiaohe City, Dunhua city, Yanji City and Hunchun city in which farmland in Jiaohe city and dunhua city is spread widely. In order to reduce the occupied and divided basic farmland as much as possible, the railway is parallel to the existed railway or Chang-tu-hun expressway passage. According to the situation of land occupied in this engineering, the building company shall entrust qualified units to prepare the project land pre- review report, and submit it to the ministry of land and resources for approval after this report passes the audit of experts. In the land pre-review report, it shall propose the farmland occupation and compensation balance plan, basic farmland planning and modification plan to make China Academy of Railway Science 416 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project modifications in accordance with relevant stipulations of ministry of land and resources within the range of various areas and cities in his best, meanwhile it may modify in Jilin province. According to the characteristics of land occupied in this engineering, it shall positively take measures to make reclamation of temporarily used land. For the borrow areas occupying the farmland in this environment assessment the way of low excavation is taken, the excavation depth is controlled within 2m, it shall modify it as step land and ladder land for reclamation upon completion of borrowing soil. For gentle upland or hill slopes, it may borrow land to the ground surface, the reclamation or vegetation reinstatement can be made in accordance with ambient environment conditions and soil geography after the soil borrowing is finished. If the hardening area of existed train station is used as beam fabrication and storage workshop and temporary work of track laying base, it shall be leveled and reinstated timely. If the mixture station and beam fabrication workshop temporarily occupy land, in principle the reclamation to the occupied land shall completely made upon the completion of engineering. 7. Protection of soil (ballast) excavating and depositing site The setting of borrow area shall be uniformly planned in accordance with property and quantity of soil borrowed at various sections, combining with factors such as the subgrade drainage, geography, soil property, construction method, land saving, environment protection. The borrowing area and soil depositing area shall be set collectively and the waste land and bad land shall be used as much as possible on the condition that the fillings satisfy requirements, the farmland shall be less used or not used. When the filled earth quantities of road embankment is large and focus at one place it shall consider transporting soil from further or borrow soil collectively. For the collective borrowing area and soil depositing area, necessary supporting, protection and greening measures shall be taken to ensure the stability of side slope, decrease the water and soil loss. When the soil is borrowed from the occupied farmland, it shall take practical and feasible reclamation measures. The cultivated soil on the ground shall be ripped out before borrowing, and the cultivated soil shall be recovered upon borrowing. The waste slag from tunnels shall be used as much as possible, such as concrete aggregate, fillings of subgrade or station. If the waste slag cannot be used, it shall be placed on the badland or low- production land with low landform where it’s not affected by the washing of ground currents of rivers and ditches. Water pipes are set at the bottom of the waste slag yard around which the slag retaining wall is constructed, drainage ditches are set at the slag top and around the slag yard to prevent the waste slag loss. On the allowable conditions, the waste slag top shall be covered with soil for farmland use or scattered with grass seeds to recover vegetations. 18.2 Noise prevention and treatment measures and suggestions (1) According to the basic principles of main prevention, combination of prevention and treatment, comprehensive treatment and principle of who pollutes there, who treats there in our national environment protection as well as the strategic policy of unified social benefits, economic benefits and environmental benefits, meanwhile combining the national condition of current developing economy and the economical and technical assessment results of railway noise prevention China Academy of Railway Science 417 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project measures, corresponding nose pollution prevention measures shall be taken depending on the scale and property of sensitive points, the range and degree of railway noise influence -- For collective sensitive points, priority shall be taken to set sound barricades as prevention measures so as to protect the sound environment quality of areas; For scattered sensitive points of smaller scale, the prevention measure of building sound barricades shall be taken; For the special sensitive point of schools it shall take priority to displace functions of sensitive points or set sound barricades as prevention measures depending on its scale and noise influence degree. If setting sound barricades cannot satisfy the standard requirements, the prevention measures of building sound barricade shall be taken. (2) For schools affected by the railway noise of this engineering, according to “notification on relevant issues of environment noise in the environment impact assessment of building projects of road, railway (including light railway)” [2003]94 the corresponding noise decreasing measures shall be taken for sensitive points where the noise exceeds 60dBA in day, exceeds 50dBA at night (there is lodgment). (3) Presently, the main railway noise pollution treatment measures are to set sound barricades, change functions of sensitive points, make building sound barricades etc. now according to railway noise pollution treatment experience of years, description of sensitive point and noise offending situation of this engineering as well as other engineering and environment conditions, the noise pollution prevention measures available for sensitive points of this engineering are summarized in the table 6-14. 18.3 Vibration treatment measures and suggestions (1) City planning and management measures According to the vibration influence conformance distance listed in the table 7-7, the city planning administrative department is suggested to reasonably plan and use areas at both sides of railway, within 30m at both sides of newly established railways, it’s not proposed to newly establish buildings sensible to vibration, such as resident houses, schools and hospitals, and the existed buildings are not proposed to modify and expand. (2) Running management measures The rail condition of railway and trains in running period directly relates to the railway vibration degree. On the Good rail conditions such as smooth railway, round train wheel, the vibration is 5~10dB lower than that on the general railway. Therefore it shall timely repair and grind the rail surface and make the rail deformation maintenance upon railway running to ensure level and smooth steel rail surface so as to guarantee its good running state and reduce the accessional vibration. 18.4 Water pollution treatment measures and suggestions (1) The sewage from the Dunhua station and Tumen station of this railway is disposed in the septic- tank, drainaged to the municipal pipe net or the ambient ditches, the newly added waste water of this time shall be disposed in the septic-tank in advance, then drained into the municipal pipe net. China Academy of Railway Science 418 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project The assessment suggest using the sewage disposal system of Tumen station to collect the domestic sewage produced from signal building, station dispatching house, station house in the Tumen station, together with the newly added domestic sewage, drained to the municipal pipe net. (2) After the domestic sewage from areas of West Jiaohe Station and West Antu Station is pre- disposed in the septic-tank, it shall satisfy the grade three standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard and then drained into the municipal pipe net. (3) After The Fecal sewage from West Yanji Station is pre-disposed in septic tank and the fecal sewage of high concentrate in the train is pre-disposed in high-efficient Anaerobic tank, through the process of SBR, they shall satisfy grade one standard in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, drained into the ambient ditches and finally drained into the Buer Hatong River. (4) After The newly added domestic sewage from North Weihuling Sattion, South Dashitou Station and North Liangshui station is disposed in the septic tank and Anaerobic filtration container, it shall satisfy the dry farming standard in Standards for irrigation water quality and be used for greening in the station area. (5) After the newly added sewage from the North Hunchun station is pre-disposed in Septic-tank and by the SBR sewage disposal process to standards, it shall be used for greening at the station area, the rest shall be drained into Chedaren ditch, and finally drained into Hunchun river. 18.5 Electromagnetism treatment measures and suggestions For the preserved CATV connection for residents who now watch TV with antenna, the compensation fee is 752,500 RMB, compensation shall be made for the sensitive points of obvious receiving quality decrease upon the work. The power frequency electric field and power frequency magnetic induction produced from the newly established traction substation shall satisfy the value- limited requirement in HJ/T24-1998. When the location of traction substation at the next stage is chosen, it shall ensure that the distance of its wall from the sensitive building is more than 10m. When the GSM-R base station location is chosen, it shall avoid the over-standard radiation get into sensitive points such as resident points, schools, it’s required that its antenna height shall be 5m higher than buildings within the range of 18m. 18.6 Solid waste treatment measures (1) Rubbishes from passage train and staff living rubbishes in train stations shall be collected at designated points, the collected rubbishes shall be transported by rubbish trucks to the rubbish disposal yard of city. (2) After the boiler slag is collected, it can be used as building materials or insulation fillings. China Academy of Railway Science 419 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 18.7 Environment protection investment estimates 18.7.1 Investment estimate for ecological environment protection engineering The ecological environment protection measures of this engineering are divided into special expenses for protective zone for work between areas, protective zone for base station work, preventive treatment zone for Soil excavating and depositing, site, preventive treatment zone for construction access, preventive treatment areas for other temporary works and sensitive zones of special environment (nature protection zone, Mijiang Salmon Protection Zone) the total investment for the ecological environment protection engineering is 437742900 RMB, for detail, refer to the table 18-7-1. China Academy of Railway Science 420 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 18-7-1 Ecological environment protection engineering and investment (1) General ecological protection engineering investment Work quantity Yanbian Subtotal of Project Unit Jilin city automatons Subtotal Hill area Plain area investment state Protective I. Work measures 39889.02 9538.68 30350.34 zone for work M7.5 between mortar areas rubble m3 620720.31 372432.19 248288.12 15280.62 3654.06 11626.56 masonry Road slope embankment protection slope surface M7.5 protection mortar rubble m3 283073.54 169844.12 113229.42 6967.38 1666.11 5301.27 masonry drainage ditch M7.5 mortar rubble m3 482881.85 289729.11 193152.74 11888.31 2842.86 9045.45 masonry slope Road cut protection slope M7.5 surface mortar protection rubble m3 70767.69 42460.62 28307.08 1741.85 416.53 1325.32 masonry drainage ditch Plastic m2 6848821.70 4109293.02 2739528.68 3768 901.04 2866.96 geogrid China Academy of Railway Science 421 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Work quantity Yanbian Subtotal of Project Unit Jilin city automatons Subtotal Hill area Plain area investment state Surface soil ripped off ×104m3 298.13 178.88 119.25 242.86 58.08 184.78 II. Plant measure 877 209.72 667.28 Subgrade Shrub Piece 779067 467441 311626 95.5 22.84 72.66 side slope Arbor Piece 92250 55350 36900 363.4 86.9 276.5 protection Grass seed m2 2285741 1371444.6 914296.4 418.1 99.98 318.12 III. Temporary measures 615.84 147.27 468.58 Temporary protective block of sand bag for ripped off m3 1935.26 1161.16 774.10 14.86 3.56 11.31 ground soil Temporary protection of planting grass for ripped hm2 138.83 83.30 55.53 13.38 3.20 10.19 off ground soil Drainage ditch of soil m3 4127.97 2476.78 1651.19 3.6 0.87 2.74 Temporary protective block of sand bag for dispatching m3 23600 14160 9440 184 44 140 earthwork and stonework Temporary of close net for Myriad dispatching earthwork and 2297.3 1378.38 918.92 400 95.65 304.35 m2 stonework Subtotal of investment 41381.86 9895.66 31486.19 I. Work measures 818.03 195.62 622.41 Mortar stone masonry Protective drainage ditch at base m3 33230.76923 19938.46154 13292.30769 818.03 195.62 622.41 zone of work station at base II. Plant measure 101.7 24.32 77.38 station Greening by trees Piece 7960.11 4776.07 3184.05 30.33 7.25 23.08 Greening by shrubs Piece 579072.71 347443.63 231629.09 71.23 17.03 54.19 Subtotal of investment 919.73 219.94 699.80 I. Work measures 40.53 9.69 30.84 China Academy of Railway Science 422 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Work quantity Yanbian Subtotal of Project Unit Jilin city automatons Subtotal Hill area Plain area investment state I. Work measures 40.53 9.69 30.84 Protective IMV.o Srtoairl strteoantem menats wonorryk 152.92 36.57 116.35 m3 1642.92 985.75 657.17 40.53 9.69 30.84 treatment dRraeicnlaagmea dtiiotcnh hm2 160 96 64 152.92 36.57 116.35 zone at Subtotal of investment 193.45 46.26 147.19 Probtoercrotiwonin agn d II. Plant measure 7.8 1.87 5.93 treartmeae nt Greening by planting grass hm2 77.68 46.61 31.07 7.8 1.87 5.93 area of III. Temporary measures 29.82 7.13087 22.69 construction Soil drainage ditch m3 48556.42 29133.85 19422.57 29.82 7.13 22.69 access Subtotal of investment 37.62 9 28.62 Total square hm2 6459.03 3875.42 2583.61 III. Temporary measures 3.93 0.94 2.99 Soil drainage ditch m3 6268.57 3761.14 2507.43 3.93 0.94 2.99 IV. Soil treatment work 122 29.17 92.83 Reinstatement of hardening ground at the hm2 62.85 37.71 25.14 yard Reclamation hm2 127.61 76.57 51.04 122 29.17 92.83 Subtotal of investment 125.93 30.11 95.82 Total investment 42658.59 10200.97 32457.62 China Academy of Railway Science 423 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project (2) Important ecological protection target investment estimate table Investment (ten No. Investment project Unit Quantity Remarks thousand RMB) Ecological environment protection investment for Songhuajiang 3-lake I Natural Protection Zone Vegetation 1 / / 120 / transplanting fee Subtotal 120 Ecological environment protection investment for Mingmusongrong Protection Zone Vegetation 1 / / 250 / transplanting fee Subtotal 250 II Fishery resource protection and aquatic ecology protection investment Ecological compensation fee for Mijiang Salmon State 1 / / 620.0 / Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone Ecological fee for fishery resources in main rivers such as 2 / / 125.7 / Songhuajiang, Jiaohe, Mudanjiang and Gaya River Subtotal 745.7 The total ecological protection investment is 437742900 RMB. 18.7.2 Investment estimate for protection engineering of sound environment and vibration environment For the sound environment protection work investment refers to table 18-7-2. Table 18-7-2 Sound environment protection work and its investment Investment (ten Project Unit Quantity thousand RMB) Building sound barricades m 33600 11328.85 Set and ventilation and m2 1060 53 soundproof windows Removal House 710 14075.0 Investment for sound environment work measures 25456.85 Investment for vibration environment work / / / measures Total investment 25456.85 China Academy of Railway Science 424 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 18.7.3 Water environment protection work and its investment estimate For the water environment protection work and its investment estimate refer to table 18-7-3 Table 18-7-3 Water environment protection work and its investment estimate Present Added by the Project Designed situation assessment Total Investment Suggested Investment investment Administrative Sewage Sewage estimate measures (ten (ten division Station treatment treatment (ten in thousand thousand) description process process thousand) assessment RMB) 3 septic tanks, 2 oil West Agree with separation Jiaohe / 12.5 the design 0 12.5 Jiaohe City tanks, 2 Station plan sewage pump wells 3 septic tanks,1 oil separation North Agree with tank, 1 set Weihuling / 14.5 the design 0 14.5 of Sattion plan Anaerobic filtration container 5 septic tanks, 2 oil Agree with Dunhua separation / 18 the design 0 18 Dunhua city Station tanks, 3 plan sewage pump wells 4 septic tanks,1 oil separation South Agree with tank, 1 set Dashitou / 14.5 the design 0 14.5 of Station plan Anaerobic filtration container 3 septic tanks, 1 oil Agree with West Antu separation / 8 the design 0 8 Antu city Station tanks, 1 plan sewage pump wells 5 septic tanks, 2 oil Agree with West Yanji / separation 100 the design 0 100 Yanji City Station tanks, 3 plan sewage China Academy of Railway Science 425 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Present Added by the Project Designed situation assessment Total Investment Suggested Investment investment Administrative Sewage Sewage estimate measures (ten (ten division Station treatment treatment (ten in thousand thousand) description process process thousand) assessment RMB) pump wells, 1 high efficient Anaerobic tank. 1 set of SBR equipments, 4 sewage discharge vehicles, 2 sewage charge vehicles 4 septic tanks, 2 oil Agree with Tumen separation / 13.5 the design 0 13.5 station tanks, 2 plan sewage pump wells 3 septic Tumen City tanks, 1 oil separation North Agree with tanks, 1 set Liangshui / 14.5 the design 0 14.5 of station plan Anaerobic filtration container 4 septic tanks, 2 oil North Agree with separation Hunchun / 34.5 the design 0 34.5 Hunchun City tanks, 1 set station plan of SBR equipment Total / / 230 / 0 230 / Additionally the preserved compensation fee for tunnel overflowing measures is 1000000 RMB. 18.7.4 Investment estimate for electromagnetic protective measures The investment for electromagnetic protective measures is 424500 RMB. 18.7.5 Environment estimate for environment protection engineering For the investment for environment protection engineering refer to table 18-7-4. Table 18-7-4 Environment investment estimate and its percentage in the total investment China Academy of Railway Science 426 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Investment to add in Environment Engineering Project the environment protection investment investment listed assessment (ten thousand) Ecology protection 42813.17 961.12 43774.29 Noise treatment 10582.65 14874.20 25456.85 Vibration treatment 0 0 0 Sewage treatment 330 0 330 Electromagnetic 44 -1.55 42.45 treatment Solid waste 40 0 40 disposal Atmosphere 20.8 2.5 23.3 treatment Total 53830.62 15836.27 69666.89 Percentage of environment protection investment in the total investment: 1.72% 19 Assessment conclusion of environmental impact Under the Guiding Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment (2005) (Decree No. 40 of National Development and Reform Commission of PRC), the New Jilin - Hunchun Rrailway belongs to encouraged construction projects in line with national energy structure policies and rail industry technology policies. This project meets the Medium and Long Term Railway Network Plan (adjusting in 2008), the Railway Planning of Eleventh Five-Year Plan and local urban master planning, which has very important significance on the implementation of sustainable railway development, coordination with the railway network construction and improvement of the environment status long the line and other aspects. In the environmental impact assessment of the project, the survey analysis and evaluation for the ecological, noise, vibration, electromagnetism, water environment, public participation and other aspects is carried out on the run-through program of the engineering design, of which conclusions are as follows: 19.1 Project overview The New Jilin- Hunchun Railway is located in the territory of Jilin Province and its line is roughly from west to east. It starts from Jilin City on the west to Hunchun City of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture on the east, through Changyi way District, Fengman District, Longtan District and Jiaohe City of Jilin City and Dunhua City, Antu County, Longjing City, Yanji City, Tumen City and Hunchun City of Yanbian Prefecture with the total length of 365.352km, in which the New Chang-tu and Long-shu contact line (double-track) is 3.31km long. This line is newly built as the railway special line and double line for passenger transport, which uses the electric traction with the design driving speed of 250km/h. In the run-through program, 103 extra large, large and medium bridges with the total length of 88595.11m and 310 framed bridges and culverts are set up. The total line is equipped with a total of 85 tunnels with the total extension China Academy of Railway Science 427 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project of 155.144km. Nine stations are set up for the project, including Western Jiaohe, Northern Weihuling, Dunhua, Southern Dashitou, Western Antu, Western Yanji, Tumen, Northern Liangshui and Northern Hunchun, in which the Tumen Station introduces the existing station and the others are new intermediate stations. The Dunhua, Western Antu Xi and Northern Yanji stations are respectively equipped with one new AT traction substation. In the short-term of the engineering design (2020), there are 70 pairs of Jilin - Yanji passenger cars/day and 23 pairs of Yanji - Hunchun passenger cars/day; in the long-term (2030), there are 95 pairs of Jilin - Yanji passenger cars/day and 34 pairs of Yanji - Hunchun passenger cars/day. The total land of the project is of 2216.88hm2, including the permanent land of 1173.78hm2 and temporary land of 1043.1hm2. In the permanent land, the occupied cultivated land area is 485.54hm2, accounting for 41.4% of the project acquisition area; the forest area of 458.10hm2 ranks secondly, accounting for 39.0% of the total land acquisition area, and the other land area of 230.14hm2, accounting for 19.6% of the total land area; in the temporary land, the occupied cultivated land area is 478.2hm2, accounting for 45.8% of the project acquisition area; the forest area of 472.54hm2 ranks secondly, accounting for 45.3% of the total land acquisition area, and the other land area of 92.338hm2, accounting for 8.9% of the total land area. Total quantity of earth and stone work of the project is of 6990.29×104m3, including the filling earth of 2384.50×104m3 and earth excavation of 4605.79×104m3, the excavation shifted for filling is of 1406.66×104m3, the roadbed and station use the tunnel earth excavation of 208.98×104m3, borrow earth of 768.86×104m3 and spoil of 2990.15×104m3. It is planned to set up 39 borrow area and 159 spoil (slag) fields. The total project investment is 40416.9237 million Yuan, in which the environmental protection investment is 696.6689 million Yuan, accounting for 1.72% of the total investment. The total construction period of the total line is 4 years. 19.2 Assessment conclusion of ecological environment impact 19. 2. 1 Assessment on the current situation of environment along the line (1) Current situation of vegetation: the regional native vegetation in the areas along the line is the Korean pine mixed broadleaf-conifer forest. The existing wood lands are mainly dominated by the natural secondary forests and planted forests, including the coniferous forest, mixed broadleaf- conifer forest and deciduous broad leaved forest, of which forest form is mostly the unlined forest. The tree species are mainly dominated by the Mongolian oak, mountain poplar, birch, etc.. The planted forest gives priority to the larch, of which mainly tree specifies include Korean pine, Japanese red pine, pinus sylvestris, black pine and so on. (2) Current situation of animals: Although the area has the characteristics of temperate zone fauna region that the northern species are more, the distribution area of the southern birds can also be extended to the sub-region. The beasts include the northeast rabbit, sable, brown bear, goral, sika deer and so on. The birds include the hazel grouse, black grouse, eurystomus orientalis, halcyon China Academy of Railway Science 428 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project pileata and so on. The fishes include the brachymystax lenok, burbot, xenocypris argentea gunther and so on. (3) Current situation of soil erosion: The line goes through Jilin City and Yanbian Prefecture of Jilin Province, along which the soil erosion type is dominated by the water erosion with the intensity mainly of micro and mild degrees (see figure: soil erosion diagram along the engineering line). On the differences in topography, the loss intensity of basin plain is relatively low, and that of the mountains and hills is slightly high. On the difference of land use pattern, the loss intensity of farmland is higher than that of woodland and grassland. (4) Ecological integrity: The average productivity value of the evaluation area is 7.21t/hm2.a, which is much higher than 1.82t/hm2.a, the threshold value of the bearing capacity in the ecological system on the level. Therefore, the eco-system has a strong bearing capacity so that a certain degree of interference can be withstood. In the planned area of the railway, the average net primary productivity of the vegetation is relative high, the biodiversity is relatively rich and the vegetation types are relatively varied. Therefore, the restoration stability and impedance stability of the ecosystem in the area is relatively strong so that it has relatively strong stability. (5) Current situation of land use: the main land use types along the line include the cultivated land, woodland, urban land, construction land and unused land, in which the woodland and cultivated land are large, the grassland is relatively small, and the cultivated land is mainly dominated by the dry land mostly with planted corn, potato and soybean; the majority of the grassland is the natural grassland; the woodland has more timber forest and less economic forest. 19.2.2 Assessment on the predicted environmental impact (1) Prediction for the impact on the ecological integrity 1) The production capacity of the natural system and biomass changes After the railway operation, the average production capacity of the natural system in the elevation area decreases by 0.30t/hm2.a from current 7.21t/hm2.a to 6.91t/hm2.a, reducing by 4.2% of the original. The reducing range is relatively small. Within the scope of the project land, the loss of the original landscape biomass is 63.5×104t, and the annual net loss productivity loss of the original landscape vegetation is 7319t/a within the scope of the project. Therefore, the total biomass loss of the project is the sum of the original landscape biological loss and the production during the construction period, which is a total of 64.2×104t. 2) Changes on the stability of the natural system A. Analysis on the restoration stability The above analysis shows that the biomass and the net primary productivity of the natural system in the elevation area have no large changes after the project implementation. Therefore, the impact on China Academy of Railway Science 429 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project the restoration stability of the natural system is not large so that the natural system in the natural system can withstand it. B. Analysis on the impedance stability As the project changes only the use nature of the minority of land in the evaluation area, while the use nature of the vast majority does not change and can still maintain the present status. Therefore, the project implementation and operation has little effect on the grounding components’ own heterogeneity of the natural system in the evaluation area and the impedance stability on the natural system in the evaluation area. (2) Prediction for impact on the landscape ecological quality After implementation of the project, the construction land unfavorable to the ecological environment increases to 17.2% by 3.1% on the dominance, while the environmental resource modular woodlands and cultivated land decline slightly on the dominance, but the dominance of both two is still large as 76.3%. Therefore, after the implementation of the project, although the landscape ecology quality declines slightly, but the landscape ecology environment quality in the area will not be fundamentally changed. (3) Impact of the land use The permanent land of the total line is a total of 11173.78 hm2, in which the paddy field, dry land, woodland and other agricultural lands are of 943.64hm2, accounting for 42.6% of the total land acquisition. The homestead and other construction lands are of 190.12hm2, according to 8.6% of the total land acquisition. After the implementation of the project, the original use functions of the land are still partially or completely lost and the land productivity will be destroyed so that the local agricultural production is affected to some extent. In addition, the Borrow area and stock yard and other temporary lands cover covering 1043.1hm2, and the main occupied land types are the cultivated land, woodland and construction land, which will also have certain effects on land resources along the line. 19. 2. 3 Mitigation measures (1) Basic farmland protection: in the design, the permanent land acquisition shall minimize the occupation and separation of the basic farmland as much as possible and the line is nearly parallel to the existing line or Chang-tu- hun expressway. For the basic farmland which cannot be avoid and will be occupied, corresponding safeguard measures will be taken to maintain the stability on the quantity of basic farmlands along the line. (2) Protective measures for bridge construction: the mud slag and other engineering waste slag from the drilling hole are the potential pollutants applying the most impacts on the water in the bridge foundation construction. The waste slag must be transported out from the river area for storage with some protective measures taken according strictly to relevant codes. The storage sites must be selected through the consultation with the local government, Bureau of Environment Protection and Bureau of Water Resources. The transport and storage process must be supervised by the supervisors without permission of free disposal in order to minimize the impact of waste slag on water quality and prevent waste slag piling causing adverse effects on flood control. (3) Protection measures for tunnel construction: combining the engineering conditions, optimize the construction organization, tunnel spoil disposal and timely outward transport to shorten the time of the temporary stacking as much as possible. Strictly according to the principle of “first blocking and secondary dumping” principle, make the grass plantation greening or reclamation on the top of the slag, set up drainage ditches around the top of the China Academy of Railway Science 430 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project slag field and set up the permeable pipe blind ditch on the slag bottom to effectively lead and discharge the mountain catchment. Adopt the environmental portals for the tunnel as far as possible, reduce the height of rock moving away on the side slope and front slope of the tunnel opening, and make less damage or no damage to surface vegetation. In the construction process, the setting of construction access, construction camp and work sites shall try to maintain the natural landscape. After the construction, the side slope and front slope of the tunnel opening and places with destroyed vegetation shall be restored with vegetation. The construction machineries such as air compressors, blowers, etc. shall be equipped with the sound insulation facilities in the tunnel when the conditions are appropriate; the drill and blast excavation, motor transport, anchoring and shotcreting operations, etc. produce large amounts of dusts and toxic and harmful gases which can be removed by water curtain removal method, etc.; the regular watering of the road can prevent the secondary dust retention flying due to vehicle operations or blast waves. (4) Protection measures of temporary works: 1) Optimize construction design to reduce the impact from the source As the borrow area, mixing plant, beam storage and fabrication plant have differences of use time, the field formed after the excavation of borrow area can be taken as the mixing plant or beam storage and fabrication plant through the optimization of the construction organization design. The line is parallel to the existing Cahng-tu Line at Jilin, Dunhua and other places so that the open field of the existing station for the Chang-tu Line can be taken as the railway track base and beam storage and fabrication plant so as to reduce the land acquisition of the temporary works and the destruction amount of the surface vegetation due to the construction of the temporary works. 2) Report basic farmland occupation procedures for approval according to legal provisions and increase the intensity of reclamation and revegetation The basic farmlands of the areas along the line are mainly distributed in Jiaohe City, Dunhua City, Yanji City and Hunchun City, in which relatively extensive distribution occurs in the territory of Jiaohe and Dunhua. In order to reduce the occupation and division of the basic farmlands, the line is basically parallel to the existing line or the access of Chang-tu-hun Expressway. In accordance with the land acquisition and use of the project, the building unit shall entrust the qualified units to prepare the preliminary review report of the project land reviewed by the experts before it is reported to the Ministry of Land and Resources for approval. The land preliminary review report shall provide the plough occupancy and indemnity program and the planning and adjusting program of the basic farmland to strive for the adjustment in multiple cities along the line according to relevant provisions of the Ministry of Land and Resources, as well as the adjustment in Jilin Province; according to characteristics of the land occupancy for the project, the measures shall be taken actively for the reclamation of the temporary site. The environment impact assessment requires the borrow area occupying the cultivated land adopts shallow excavation with the depth within 2m, which can be restored to the bench or terrace for reclamation after the completion of the earth borrow; for the gentle hills and mountain slope land, the earth borrow can reach the surface and they shall be given the reclamation and revegetation according to the ambient environment conditions and soil texture after the completion of earth borrow. China Academy of Railway Science 431 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project For the temporary works which use the hardening sites of the existing stations as the beam storage and fabrication plant and railway track laying base, the site leveling and restoration shall be made in time after the completion. For the mixing station and beam fabrication plant temporarily acquiring lands, they shall be completely reclaimed in principle. 19.3 Special assessment conclusion of the environment impact on the Mijiang salmon protection area 19.3.1 Project overview in sensitive areas This project takes the Mijiang extra large bridge to cross the core areas and experimental areas of the Mijiang salmon state level aquatic germ plasm resource protection zone in the DK337+280~DK338+050 section, with the bridge span of 32m. The line is almost orthogonal with the course of Mijiang River. During the dry season the water width is about 30m so that water piers (during the rainy deacons the water surface width reaches more than 100m with the piers of 3 to 4). 19.3.2 Assessment of current situation Mijiang River is the first level tributary of the Tumen River, with plenty of clear water and average annual runoff of 9.05m3/s; the area is the forest zone with the absolute altitude of 58m to 1435m and good ecological environment. The the Mijing River has the river bed of many-year sandbar and is the only remaining river which basically keeps the original river bed appearance of the original ecology in the lower reaches of the Tumen River, and is the migration routes and natural breeding place of migratory fishes. 19.3.3 Assessment on predicted ecological environment impact In the whole construction process of the Mijiang extra large bridge, the piling steel pile casting plugging and bored pile and other operations in the cofferdam construction of the bridge foundation will produce the impact noise which may shock some individual fishes to cause the avoidance response of the fishes interfering with their normal migratory and spawning. The train noise level during the operation period is much lower than that during the construction period; noise impacts on the fish migration and spawn are mainly in the construction period, which are basically eliminated after the end of construction period. 19.3.4 Protection management of ecological environment In the construction phase and operation phase, the project owners and management units shall establish the environmental protection department to develop and implement environmental protection measures. Project owners and management units shall also strengthen ties with the local fishery sector to obtain guidance from relevant departments, take the initiative to accept the supervision of relevant departments on the implementation of relevant in the construction and operation process, and meanwhile strengthen the management on construction personnel to improve the awareness of protecting fishery resources. China Academy of Railway Science 432 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 19.3.5 Mitigation measures The bridge construction technologies in the bridge construction process shall be optimized as far as possible, especially wading job link. (1) Select low-noise machines to reduce construction noise impacts on the reproduction of migratory fish. (2) The underwater blasting operations shall be avoided as far as possible and the millisecond blasting shall be applied to the tunnel blasting on both banks of Mijiang River. (3) Carefully organize the drilling and cofferdam sinking operations, control operating time and shorter operating time in the water. 19.3.6 Conclusion In August 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture organized relevant experts to review the “Special Assessment Report on the Environment Impacts of the Construction of the Mijiang extra large bridge of the Jilin-Hunchun Railway Passenger Transport Special Line on the Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone”, and approved the project to cross the protection area according to the Document No.[2010]82 of Nongyuzihuanbian The Letter of Approval on the Fishery Resource Indemnity Suggestions and Measures of the “Special Assessment Report on the Environment Impacts of the Construction of the Mijiang extra large bridge of the Jilin-Hunchun railway passenger transport special line on the Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone on Principle”, so that the project is feasible under the premise that the ecological indemnity measures are taken in place. 19.4 Special assessment conclusion of environment impact on the Songhuajiang 3-lake natural protection zone 19.4.1 Assessment of current situation The natural protection area is the multifunctional protection area which protects the forest ecosystems and their biodiversity in the water conversation in the upper reaches of the Songhuajiang and is integrated with the protection and management, research and monitoring, propaganda and education, etc, of which protection objects include: (1) rare and endangered animal and plant resources and their habitats: 12 national key protected wild plants, 9 national I-class key protected wild animals, and 44 national II-class key protected wild animals; (2) the rich biological species resources: in the protection area, the wide variety of wildlife survive so that the genetic resources is very rich, according to preliminary investigations, there are 7 vegetation types, 25 formations and 40 associations; (3) the water source of people living water and industrial and agricultural water of Jilin, Changchun, Songyuan, Harbin, Jiamusi and other more than 10 cities in the lower reaches of the 3-lake along the river. 19.4.2 Impact Analysis The wildwood habitats occupied by the project has larger human disturbance, which is not suitable for the inhabitation of large wild mammals. The wild boar, roe deer and other national key protected China Academy of Railway Science 433 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project animals belong to walk animals in the area. The majority of the national key protected wild birds distributed in the protection area are migratory animals with the larger scope of their activities. Therefore, in the construction of the project, a certain impacts are applied to the activity scope of national key protected wild animals around the project but they are smaller. The domestic sewage and garbage in the construction camp cause certain pollutions on the surrounding water; the construction materials stacked are washed to pollute the surrounding water. The above pollution may affect the growth of aquatic plants and inhabitation of aquatic animals. Through analysis, the biological diversity index is BI=19.55<35, so it is determined that the construction projects apply less impacts on the biodiversity in the protection area. 19.4.3 Mitigation measures (1) Plant protection and recovery measures Before the construction, the key protected wild plants involved within the scope of occupied land are transplanted to the open ground in the nearby woods and can also be transplanted on the side of the railway as the railway greening tree species, which also play the role of beautifying the environment. (2) Temporary Works Optimization The environment impact assessment recommends to remove the borrow area out of the scope of the protection area and set up the protection area border, as well as try to hire the existing resident housing or factory building, etc in the protection as the construction sites, construction camps and other temporary works as far as possible, to minimize damage to the original landscape in the protection area. (3) Prevention and protection measures during construction period Strengthen the construction organization design and coordinating organizations in the construction phase and reduce the temporary stacking amount and stacking time of the secondary transport of the tunnel spoils to reduce the occupation and destruction of surface vegetation. When the construction is completed, timely clean the construction site, leave the river without any works waste or facility and make the restoration of the ecological environment in the construction site to avoid soil erosion impact on the water environment. Strengthen the environmental awareness education of construction personnel, strictly prohibit the construction personnel access to protected areas for the destruction of wild animals and plants, and prohibit the construction personnel to catch and kill wild animals, and set up the protection signs for wild animals and plants on both sides of the new railway. (4) Protection measures during the period of operation Strengthen the maintenance on the sewage facilities of the Western Jiaohe Station to ensure that the station sewage water meets emissions standards. China Academy of Railway Science 434 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 19.4.4 Conclusion The impact index of the engineering construction on the biodiversity of the Songhuajiang 3-lake protection area is 19.55, indicating that the project has less impacts on the biodiversity in the protection area and after the relevant protection and restoration measures are taken during the construction period and operation period, the project construction is feasible. Line program has been approved by the Forestry Department of Jilin Province. 19.5 Special assessment conclusion of environment impact on the Antu tricholoma matsutake protection area 19.5.1 Assessment of current situation According to preliminary statistics, the Mingmusongrong protection area has more than 1,250 species of plants, nearly 300 species of animals and a wide variety of insects, mosses, lichens, fungi, ferns and so on, in which the trees and shrubs, fungi and lichen take majority. Due to development difference of the terrain and soils in the protection area, the distribution has the characteristics of vertical zonality: on the bottom of the basin, river valley wetlands or plains with the absolute altitude of 300 to 400m, the native vegetation is the marsh or wetland meadow; the Majority of the Mingyue basin mountain is the area from 400m to 800m, which is also the main functional zone of the Mingmusongrong protection area and of which current vegetation is mainly the secondary Japanese pine-mongolian oak mixed forest; in the area with the elevation of 800 to1100m there is the secondary spruce-fir broad leaf mixed, on the shady slope there are more spruce-firs growing and on the sunny slope the mixed Korean pine or Japanese pine occur. In the protection area, the local residents are mainly engaged in the forestry and related industries, but also part of the population are engaged in the cultivation agriculture, of which main crops are corn, soybeans, millet, sorghum and so on. 19.5.2 Impact analysis According to the field investigation, in the wooded areas, the national key protected wild plants are Ash, Korean pine, Tilia Amurensis, and Kihada and the local endemic species is the Korean pine. The earth excavation and earth filling in the construction destroy the vegetation along the line. The rainfall washing will cause soil erosion of exposed surface, reduce soil fertility and affect the stability of the local ecological system. In the design, more culverts are set up in the subgrade section, which provide convenient conditions for the passage of animals on both sides of the subgrade so the animals are basically not affected. Through analysis, the biological diversity index is BI = 22.54<35, so it is determined that the construction project applies less impacts on the biodiversity in the protection area. China Academy of Railway Science 435 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 19.5.3 Mitigation measures (1) Plant Protection and recovery measures Before the construction, the national II-grade key protected wild plants within the scope of occupancy will be transplanted to the open space in the nearby forest, in which the Japanese pine can be transplanted to the sides of the railway as the railway greening tree species. (2) Prevention and protection measures during construction period In the construction process, it is required to define certain construction scope, set blocking measures to prohibit the construction personnel and vehicles to make random chaos beyond the limit. The open trench, sand sediment trap, protective walls, etc. shall be constructed around the materials yard to avoid the material washed into the river by rain. To avoid the construction fgitive dusts affecting the vegetation growth around the construction area, the sprinkling, coverage and other measures shall be taken to strengthen the smoke and dust prevention of the construction access, construction site, construction camp and other areas so as to avoid the impacts of the fugitive dusts in the construction on the wild animals and plants. When the construction is completed, timely clean the construction site, leave the river without any works waste or facility and make the restoration of the ecological environment in the construction site to avoid water and soil loss impact on the water environment. Strengthen the environmental awareness education of construction personnel, strictly prohibit the construction personnel access to the distribution area of Japanese pine woods for the tricholoma matsutake picking, Japanese pine tree destruction and other activities, wild animals and plants, and prohibit the construction personnel to catch and kill wild animals, and set up the protection signs for wild animals and plants on both sides of the new railway. (3) Protection measures during the period of operation Strengthen the maintenance on the sewage facilities of the Western Antu Station to ensure that the station sewage water meets emissions standards. 19.5.4 Conclusion The impact index of the engineering construction on the biodiversity of the Mingmusongrong Protection Zone is 22.54, indicating that the project has less impacts on the biodiversity in the protection area and after the relevant protection and restoration measures are taken during the construction period and operation period, the project construction is feasible. Line program has been approved by the Forestry Department of Jilin Province. 19.6 Assessment conclusion of sound environment impact 19.6.1 Assessment of current situation (1) Sensitive points on both sides of the new railway China Academy of Railway Science 436 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Within the assessment scope on both sides of the new railway there are a total of 94 sensitive points, including 8 schools and 86 residential areas, of which current situation is mainly affected by the social life and road traffic noises. 1) Residential area For the residential areas within the assessment scope on both sides of the railway, the current sound level is 40.7 to 60.4dBA in the daytime and 29.4 to 49.1dBA in the evening. In the daytime, the current sound level of 4 sensitive points exceeds the Class 1 District 55dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.6 to 5.4dBA; in the evening, the current sound level of 4 sensitive points exceeds the Class 1 District 45dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.1 to 4.1dBA. 2) School For the schools within the assessment scope on both sides of the new railway, the current sound level is 43.2 to 60.8dBA in the daytime and 31.9 to 49.5dBA in the evening. The Love Kindergarten is located beside the traffic trunk in the village, of which daytime current sound level exceeds the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.1 to 0.8dBA; the evening current sound level can meet requirements of the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008). (2) Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway Within the assessment scope on both sides of the existing railway there are a total of 13 sensitive points, including 3 schools and 10 residential areas, of which current situation is mainly affected by the existing railway noises. 1) Residential area Less than 30m from the planned railway In the area within 30m of both sides of the planned railway, the daytime and evening current sound levels are respectively 60.9 to 65.9dBA and 61.9 to 68.8dBA. 30m at the boundary of the planned railway At the place 30m from the planned railway, the daytime and evening current sound levels are respectively 55.9 to 73.3dBA and 55.4 to 72.6dBA; for the existing railway section parallel or cross to the planned railway, at the place 30m from the boundary the daytime and evening pure railway noise valves are respectively are 57.7 to 61.2 dBA and 60.5 to 63.9 and both meet requirements of 70dBA/70dBA standard limit corresponding to the Noise Limit and Measurement Method on the Boundary along the Railway Line (revision) (GB12525-90). In the class 4 functional area For the areas within 30 to 60m on both sides of the railway, the current sound level is 53.5 to 70.4dBA in the daytime and 49.8 to 69.3dBA in the evening. In the daytime, the current sound level of 1 sensitive point exceeds the Class 4b District 70dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.4dBA; in the evening, the current sound China Academy of Railway Science 437 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project level of 7 sensitive points exceeds the Class 4b District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 2.6 to 9.3dBA. In the class 2 functional area For the areas beyond 60m on both sides of the railway, the current sound level is 47.0 to 70.5dBA in the daytime and 44.2 to 69.5dBA in the evening. In the daytime, the current sound level of 2 sensitive points exceeds the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 7.0 to 10.5dBA; in the evening, the current sound level of 4 sensitive points exceeds the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 1.8 to 19.5dBA. 2) School For the schools on both sides of the planned railway, the daytime and evening current sound levels respectively are 47.5 to 70.6dBA and 46.9dBA. The daytime current sound level of the Tiedong Kindergarten exceeds the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 10.6dBA; the evening current sound level meets requirements of the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008). 19.6.2 Prediction and assessment 1. Sensitive points on both sides of the new railway (1) Residential area 1) Within 30m from the planned railway After the project implementation, the equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the sensitive points within 30m from the planned railway: 48.3 to 62.4dBA for the daytime and 42.1 to 56.8dBA for the evening, which respectively increase 4.2 to 18.7dBA and 8.8 to 24.4 compared to the current situations. 2) 30m at the boundary of the planned railway The equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the sensitive points at 30m from the center line of the outer rail in the planned railway: 44.2 to 63.0dBA for the daytime and 39.1 to 57.4dBA for the evening, which respectively increase 0.5 to 21.4dBA and 1.9 to 27.0 compared to the current situations. Both daytime and evening sound levels meet the requirements of 70dBA/70dBA standard limit corresponding to the Noise Limit and Measurement Method on the Boundary along the Railway Line (revision) (GB12525-90). 3) In functional areas In the Class 4 functional area The equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the areas within 30 to 60m from the center line of the outer rail in the planned railway: 47.5 to 62.3dBA for the daytime and 41.0 to 56.6dBA for the evening, which respectively increase 1.3 to 18.1dBA and 3.5 to 23.7dBA compared to the current situations. Both daytime and evening sound levels meet requirements of the Class 4b District 70dBA/60dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008). China Academy of Railway Science 438 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project In the Class 2 Functional Area The equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the areas beyond 60m from the center line of the outer rail in the planned railway: 44.1 to 58.7dBA for the daytime and 35.2 to 52.8dBA for the evening, which respectively increase 0.4 to 15.6dBA and 1.3 to 21.2dBA compared to the current situations. The daytime sound levels meet requirements of the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008); in the evening, the predicted sound levels of 40 sensitive points exceed the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 1.9 to 2.8dBA. 2) School There are 8 schools within the assessment scope on both sides of the planned railway, of which the equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value: 46.2 to 61.1dBA for the daytime and 37.9 to 50.7dBA for the evening, increasing 0.3 to 11.9dBA and 1.1 to 17.4dBA respectively. In the daytime, the predicted sound level of the Love Kindergarten exceeds the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.7 to 1.1dBA; in the evening, the predicted sound levels of the Yanbian No.2 Special Education School and Love Kindergarten exceed the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the super scale of 0.6 to 0.7dBA. 2. Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway (1) Residential area 1) Within 30m from the planned railway After the project implementation, the equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the sensitive points within 30m from the planned railway: 54.8 to 60.5dBA for the daytime and 49.3 to 54.8dBA for the evening, which respectively reduce 0.5 to 11.1dBA and 8.9 to 19.5 compared to the current situations. 2) 30m at the boundary of the planned railway The equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the sensitive points at 30m from the center line of the outer rail in the planned railway: 50.2 to 63.0dBA for the daytime and 47.7 to 57.4dBA for the evening, which respectively reduce 0.1 to 13.4dBA and 4.4 to 20.8dBA compared to the current situations. Both daytime and evening sound levels meet the requirements of 70dBA/70dBA standard limit corresponding to the Noise Limit and Measurement Method on the Boundary along the Railway Line (revision) (GB12525-90). 3) In functional areas In the Class 4 functional area The equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value of the areas within 30 to 60m from the center line of the outer rail in the planned railway: 50.3 to 70.3dBA for the daytime and 44.1 to 59.4dBA for the evening, which respectively reduce 0.1 to 10.7dBA and 3.2 to 18.6dBA compared to the current situations. In the daytime, the predicted sound levels of 1 sensitive point exceeds the China Academy of Railway Science 439 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Class 4b District 70dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.3dBA; the evening predicted sound levels meet the Class 4b District 60dBA standard limit of the Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard (GB3096-2008). In the Class 2 functional area For the areas beyond 60m on both sides of the railway, the equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value: 45.5 to 70.5dBA in the daytime and 36.0 to 59.2dBA in the evening, respectively decreasing by 0.2 to 10.0dBA and 0.6 to 18.6 compared to the current situations. In the daytime, the predicted sound level of 2 sensitive points exceeds the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 0.8 to 10.5dBA; in the evening, the predicted sound level of 2 sensitive points exceeds the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 9.1 to 9.2dBA. 2) School There are 3 schools within the assessment scope on both sides of the planned railway, of which the equivalent continuous A sound level predicted value: 47.4 to 70.7dBA for the daytime and 39.9dBA for the evening, reducing by 0.1dBA and 7.0dBA respectively. In the daytime, the predicted sound level of the Tiedong Kindergarten exceeds the Class 2 District 60dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) with the superscale of 10.7dBA; in the evening, the predicted sound levels meet the Class 2 District 50dBA standard limit of the Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008). 19. 6. 3 Control measures and program of noise pollution The assessment provides the noise program by the principle of the “people-oriented, rational technology, feasible economy and environment coordination”. (1) Rational planning of land development on both sides of the line Recommend that the local planning authorities refer to the prediction results of railway noise for reasonable planning on land use on both sides of the railway. In principle, within 104m on both sides of the road embankmentsection and within 86m on both sides of the bridge section, the schools, hospitals, centralized residential areas and other noise-sensitive buildings should not be newly built or expanded. (2) Adopt appropriate noise pollution control measures on the super-standard sensitive points Along the project line, recently there are a total of 71 noise super-standard sensitive points with the daytime superscale of 0.3 to 10.7dBA and evening superscale of 0.6 to 9.2dBA. conduct moving on 44 places, amounting to 710 households with the investment of 140.75 million Yuan; set acoustic screening on 56 places, amounting to 33600m with the investment of 113.2885 milion Yuan; install the sound insulation windows on 15 places, amounting to 1060m2, with the investment of 0.53 million Yuan; the investment of the noise pollution control for the whole line is 254.5685 million Yuan. China Academy of Railway Science 440 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project In summary, after the effective planning, management and engineering protection measures are taken for the noise impacts on the environment along the line in the project, the impacts can be controlled. 19.7 Assessment conclusion of environmental vibration impact 19.7.1 Assessment of current situation (1) Sensitive points on both sides of the new railway Within the assessment scope on both sides of the newly built railway, there are a total of 68 vibration sensitive points, all being resident areas. The environment vibration current situation value is 50.0 to 52.1dB in the daytime and 48.0 to 50.2dB in the evening. The daytime and evening values all meet the standard limit for the "resident area and culture & education area” in the GB10070-88 Standard of Environmental Vibration in Urban Area. (2) Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway Within the assessment scope on both sides of the existing railway, there are a total of 8 vibration sensitive points, all being resident areas. The environment vibration current situation value is 63.6 to 79.8dB, meeting the standard limit for “both sides of the railway trunk” in the Standard of Environmental Vibration in Urban Area (GB10070-88). 19.7.2 Prediction and assessment Within the assessment scope of the project, the environment vibration predicted value is 60.3 to 79.5dB, which can meet the daytime and evening 80dB standard limit for the “both sides of the railway trunk" in the Standard of Environmental Vibration in Urban Area (GB10070-88). For the railway line area beyond 30m from the outer rail center line of the planned railway, the environment vibration predicted value can meet the daytime and evening 80dB standard limit for the “both sides of the railway trunk” in the Standard of Environmental Vibration in Urban Area (GB10070-88). 19.7.3 Assessment on vibration during the construction period The use of all equipments during the construction period will cause certain vibration impacts, but the impacts of the construction vibration on the environment can be effectively controlled through the rational deployment and scientific management of construction site, proper propaganda work and civilized construction and rational arrangement of construction operation time. As to the vibration of blasting construction, the safety monitoring shall be strengthened for the nearby buildings to ensure the safety of residents. The environment vibration impacts during the construction period are temporary, which disappear with the end of the construction. 19.7.4 Control measures and suggestions of vibration pollution The assessment provides pointed control measures and suggestions from the urban planning, operation management and other aspects. After the measures are adopted, the interference impacts China Academy of Railway Science 441 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project of the railway vibration on the surrounding surface, buildings and populations can be effectively reduced. In summary, after the project adopts effective management and control measures for the vibration impact on the environment along the line, the impact can be reduced to a minimum. 19.8 Assessment conclusion of water environment impact (1) On the earth’s surface along the line, the water is rich with vertical and horizontal drains, of which water quality current situation is relatively good and in which the Class II and III water takes the majority. And the most of the river reaches can meet the corresponding water quality functional requirements. (2) The line has two existing stations of the Dunhua Station and Tumen Station with the total water discharge capacity of 175m3/d. The existing sewage is discharged into the municipal pipe network or nearby ditches after the treatment of the septic-tank, and the newly added sewage is discharged into the municipal pipe network after the pretreatment of the septic-tank. The assessment recommends that the Tumen Station sewage treatment system collects the domestic sewage from the signal building, yard controller tower, station building, etc in the station district of the Tumen Station and discharges it into the municipal pipe network with the newly added domestic sewage. (3) The newly added sewage discharge volume is 180.05m3/d and dominated by the domestic sewage. The domestic sewage of the Western Jiaohe Station and Western Antu Station is discharged into the municipal pipe network after it is pretreated by the septic-tank to meet the three-level standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. The fecal sewage of the Western Yanji Station is discharged into the nearby ditches and finally affluxes the Buerhatong River after it is pretreated by the septic-tank, the high-dense fecal sewage in the vehicle storage track is pretreated by the high efficiency anaerobic tank and they meet the first level standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard after the SBR treatment process. The newly added domestic sewage of the Northern Weihuling Station, Southern Dashitou Station and Northern Liangshui Station is used for the station greening after it is treated by the septic-tank and anaerobic filtration container and meets the “dry farming” standard of the Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). The newly added sewage of the Northern Hunchun Station is first used for the station greening and the remaining is discharged into the Chedaren Gouhe and refluxes finally the Hunchun River after it is pretreated by the septic-tank and treated by the SBR sewage treatment process to meet standards. (4) The newly added discharges of SS, CODCr, BOD5 and NH3-N are respectively are 2.91/a, 5.72t/a, 2.00t/a and 0.804t/a. (5) This project crosses the 0.89km of Jilin City Drinking Water Resource Second Protection Area by the form of the bridge in the section of CK2+330-CK3+220; the line crosses the 11.67km of the China Academy of Railway Science 442 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Jioahe Drinking Water Resource Protection Area by the form of the bridge, tunnel and subgrade in the section of CK48+060-CK60+730. The function division adjustment procedures of the Jilin City Drinking Water Resource Protection Area are being handled and the project implementation applies little impacts on the Jiaoghe City Drinking Water Resource Protection Area. (6) In the construction of key bridges, main measures provided by the environment assessment: rationally arrange the construction period and select the dry season to make construction of the water bridge piers in the main river course. The sludge, mud and waste slag excavated in the pier construction shall be transported to the temporary yard on the bank. The temporary yard is equipped with the precipitating tank and anhydration stack up yard to make retaining wall mud and slag separated, the mud recycled and the dried spoil cleared in time by the construction unit or used as the filling materials in combination with the local actual conditions. The construction waste water and waste slag are prohibited into the rivers. The beam fabrication base and construction camp cannot be set up in the river course and their sewage and garbage are prohibited to discharge into the rivers. After the construction, timely clear the construction sites, restore the original vegetation and do not remain any engineering waste or facility in the river course to ensure the impacts of the project decrease to the minimum. (7) The assessment recommends that the Chang-da Tunnel or the tunnel inlet and outlet located in the environment sensitive area separately set up 1 precipitating tank to make the tunnel construction draining water irritate farmlands or discharge through the existing ditches after the precipitating treatment; for the oily sewage drained in the construction grouting and supporting phase, it is recommended to use the simple oil separation tank for treatment. (8) The construction waste water is prohibited to discharge into the natural protection areas, forest parks and water source protection areas along the line. Due to the dispersion of the construction camps, it is recommended that the dry pail latrines are set up in the camping sites of construction personnel in the rural areas to collect centrally the feces for the accumulation of farm manure. For the construction points with relatively large discharge amount of oily sewage, the small oil removal and oil collection tanks shall be set up and the oily wastewater is discharged after the treatment. 19.9 Assessment conclusion of electromagnetic environment impact 19.9.1 Assessment conclusion of current situation The 11 watching sensitive points for monitoring current situations along the line has detected 37 channels, in which only 2 channels can reach the nominal available field intensity in the service area specified by the Bureau of Broadcast and the signal-to-noise ratio of 12 channels can meet 35dB signal-to-noise ratio required by the normal watching. In summary, the field intensity coverage of the TV signals along the line is relatively poor. Due to the relatively poor watching effects, only a few residents adopt common antenna to watch TV; the coverage of the cable TV and satellite is relatively high. China Academy of Railway Science 443 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project 19.9.2 Predicted assessment and conclusion 1. Assessment on TV receive impact Before the construction, the 11 TV watching sensitive points have detected 37 channels, in which only 2 channels can reach the nominal available field intensity in the service area specified by the Bureau of Broadcast and the signal-to-noise ratio of 12 channels can meet 35dB signal-to-noise ratio required by the normal watching. After the project end, signal-to-noise ratios of channels decrease to the greater extent so that the signal-to-noise ratios only 3 channels can meet requirements. Although the TV signal coverage is very poor along the line, the proportion of TV users adopting the cable TV and satellite antenna to water TV is relatively high while the proportion of users adopting common antenna to watch TV. It is predicted that the engineering construction applies less impacts on TV watching of residents along the line. 2. Assessment on impact on the traction substation The power frequency electric field and power frequency magnetic induction density produced by the traction substation are very low, which meet relevant limit requirements specified in HJ/T24- 1998. 3. Assessment on impact of GSM-R base station radiation According to the design parameters of wireless communication facilities under the project (single carrier frequency power of 40W, antenna gain of 18dB and tower height of 30m), obtained from the calculation, the magnetic radiation power density can meet standard requirements when the distance from the antenna axis is not less than 18m but the antenna is 5m higher than the buildings. 19.9.3 Mitigation measures The cable TV access compensation of 0.4245 million Yuan is reserved for the residents using antenna to watch TV and the compensation is given to the sensitive points of which receiving quality declines significantly after the construction; the power frequency electric field and power frequency magnetic induction density produced by the traction substation shall meet the limit requirements in the HJ/T24-1998, and when the traction substation in the next phase selects site concretely, it is ensured that the distance from the enclosure to the sensitive buildings is more than 10m. in the site selection of GSM-R base station, it is required that the radiation super stand area is avoided into the resident areas, schools and other sensitive points and the antenna shall be 5m higher than buildings within the scope of 18m. 19.10 Assessment conclusion on impact of solid waste After the project is achieved and put into operation, the solid wastes produced are mainly the coal- fired boiler slag, station domestic garbage and passenger dumping rubbish, in which the amount of boiler slag is 398.1t/a, the amount of station staff domestic garbage is 563.7t/a, and the amount of passenger rubbish is 302.4t/a. China Academy of Railway Science 444 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project By taking the garbage throwing on fixed points, timely recovery, concentrate disposal, management reinforcement of station garbage discharge and other measures, although the construction and operation of the line will cause solid waste amount along the railway, especially around the stations to increase to some extent, impacts on the surrounding environment will not occur after the measures are adopted and the above systems are strictly implemented, and the solid wastes are put in the municipal garbage treatment system or integrated utilization. 19.11 Assessment conclusion on impact of public participation 19.11.1 Conclusion The public participation of the report adopts two steps of public notice and survey. The forms of public notice are to publish ads in the media, release notices on the websites and make field survey in the village committee and neighborhood committee; the forms of public opinion survey are the field questionnaire survey and receiving letters, e-mail, fax, telephone and other forms of opinion feedback. The objects of the public participation include residents related to the interests along the line. In the questionnaire survey, distribute a total of 125 copies of public participation questionnaires, recovering 118 copies with the recovery rate of 94.4%. The statistical results of the questionnaires show: the public have some understanding on the project by the investigation, surveying and mapping personnel, newspapers and networks, and EIA interview survey visits and other means in the survey process. The public along the line generally hold a positive attitude to believe that the project construction is beneficial to the local socio-economic development and improve travel conditions in the area along the line; the majority of respondents recognize the importance of the environment and think that the ecology and railway noise pollution are major environmental impact problems for which effective measures must be taken to solve. For issues involving land acquisition, most of the public have expressed active supports, and requested reasonable economic compensation. The public expect that the building units pay the ideological emphasis on environmental protection and implement various environmental protection measures from actions to strive to minimize the environment impacts during the railway construction and operation and play due economic and social benefits of the project based on the safeguarding public interests. 19.11.2 Suggestions (1) Relevant building, design, construction, supervision and other units shall pay special attention to the major environmental impact issues (such as noise and vibration) concerned by the public, take them as the focus of environmental protection and increase financial input to effectively control the potential environmental pollutions by the principles of the “replace the old with the new” and the “human-oriented” (2) The building unit shall strengthen the publicity to let the ordinary people understand the importance of railway construction so as to obtain their understanding and support. The China Academy of Railway Science 445 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project construction units shall earnestly implement the environmental protection measures to create a good living environment for local residents. Operating unit shall strengthen the environmental management during the operation period to play the maximum benefit of environmental protection engineering. (3) The assessment recommends improving the transparency of resettlement policy, acting in strict accordance with laws and regulations, and notifying the relocatees as early as possible before resettlement to make them ready. 19.12 General conclusions of assessment Although the project construction causes some impacts on the Jilin City Drinking Water Source Protection Area, Jilin City Songhuajiang 3-lake Protection Area, Antu Mingmusongrong Protection Zone, Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone, Mao’er Mt. Graveyard, Longtanshancheng National Heritage Protection Unit and 107 noise sensitive points and 77 vibration sensitive points, the impacts of the project on the environment can be controlled and mitigated since the project adopts active and effective control measures and the report provides pointed control measures and suggestions and only if the environment protection measures and the main project part achieve the “three-simultaneous” nd the monitoring management is strengthened. To sum up, under the premise of practical and proper implementation of environmental protection, this project conforms to the coordination and unification of economic, social and environmental benefits. Therefore, under the comprehensive measure of the pros and cons of the environmental elements and the comprehensive national economy strength, this assessment holds that the project construction is feasible through the analysis and demonstration from the perspective of environment protection under the conditions that measures provided in the report are implemented. China Academy of Railway Science 446 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project China Academy of Railway Science 447