JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020

ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS OF THE PALACES AND GARDENS OF BUKHARA EMIRS IN RUSSIA

Rustam Abdurakhimov1

1PhD Doctorate at Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Received: 20.03.2020 Revised: 21.04.2020 Accepted: 16.05.2020

ABSTRACT: In this research paper summarizes observations of the gardens and palaces of the Bukhara emirate in Russia. It contains an analysis of the palaces in Yalta, Zheleznovodsk and Bukhara, which were built at about the same time: architectural solutions, location and other aspects of the palaces. Although these palaces were not designed by Uzbek architects, they used new alien methods, and a new compositional solution was found that avoids traditional Central Asian styles. Currently, it is noted that these architectural monuments positively affect the tourism potential of the palace territories. KEYWORDS: Architectural monument, Architectural styles, Garden-palace, Palace, "Mauritius", "New Mauritius", "Eclecticism", Garden, Emir of bukhara, Sanatorium. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.12.243

I. INTRODUCTION The greatness of the city of Bukhara can be seen not only in legends and fairy tales, but also in examples of its architectural monuments, which firmly face the deep winds and storms of history. Bukhara was not only a cultural center, but also a crossroads of the world market of caravan routes. Visiting foreigners for business, education, or other purposes has also opened up new perspectives in each area. The spread of our culture around the world, on the contrary, the penetration of samples of their culture is becoming increasingly apparent in all areas. This is reflected in the compositional solutions of buildings and structures. Traditional and new styles of architecture in Bukhara are architectural examples of the Bukhara emirate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries outside of Central Asia due to the sensitivity of synthesis. Architecture is associated with the personality of the era. The son of Amir Muzaffarhon, one of the emir of Bukhara, is Abdul Ahad Khan, born in 1880. He was one of the wise, educated, business leaders of his time. Ahadkhan learned about 5 languages while studying with Russian emperors. He was friends with the Russian emperors, and also engaged in the extraction of minerals using new technologies. He is one of the emirates of the modern Navoi region, who was able to efficiently use resources and consolidate the state treasury. [8, pp. 45-46]. He designed the city of Karman as the second and second capital of the emirate in Bukhara, where he restored many of the oldest architectural structures. Especially the gardens and palaces that he built are mentioned in many sources. These include Charmgarhorbog, Mirzachorbog, Bilinchin, Gulcherbog and about a dozen other gardens by the Zarafshan River [3]. These architectural designs reflect traditional architecture and a new look. The name of each palace is represented by its characteristic features. Charmgar Charm, for example, is a neighborhood of tanners and is engaged in the manufacture of leather goods, and this applies to the leather business. Unique flowers and plants from around the world are grown in a flower pot [p. 1, 28].

II. METHODS OF RESEARCH Amir Ahad Khan loved to travel and create news. He traveled with his family to Crimea, Yalta and other cities of Russia. Sources say that more than 30 rooms were occupied. In 1889, he acquired a plot of land in the picturesque area of Yalta for a significant amount of money from the Russian emperors and began to build a new palace there. He began the construction of four facilities, first creating a park area. But only the palace came to us. Architecture of the Tarasov Palace NG, architect Yalta. It was made in the style of "New Moorish" from special Kerch stones. The construction of the palace lasted 4 years (1907-1911). The palace is a residence on the southern coast of Crimea. The two-story palace is used in

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ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020 architectural solutions with a combination of rectangular, rectangular and semicircular sizes in the design of terraces, loggias and boulevards. Silky carved columns decorated with unique chapels and ballads. Flatter windows and sharp cloves enriched the Moorish palace [ 2]. There are many rocky beaches in the palace area. The palace was called “Dilkusho” emir and until 1917 was the property of Amir Ahad Khan and Amir Alimkhan. The emir’s actions in the city were highly appreciated by the city government, and one of the streets was named after him. In 1921, the government turned the palace into the Yalta Museum of Oriental Culture. In 1925, it was transformed into a sanatorium "Uzbekistan". During the war, the palace and park were badly damaged. Finally, in 1970, the repair was completed. Now it is called "Sanatorium Uzbekistan". The main part of the palace is now used as a library of the sanatorium.

Fig.1: Archive of Photos of the Bukhara Emir in Yalta (General View)

Fig.2: Emir of Bukhara Palace in Zheleznovodsk (Overview)

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ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020

Fig.3: Sitorai Makhi Khosa Emir of Bukhara Palace (Overview) One of the palaces of the Emir of Bukhara is located in the resort park Zheleznovodsk, Russia. This is the second largest residence of the emir. It was built by Amir Abdul Ahad Khan. The palace is located in a pleasant place close to the sea, like a palace in Yalta. This building was designed and started at the beginning of the 20th century by V. N. Semenov, I. I. Baykov, V. F. Simmerman. The palace was built and completed in 5 years (1907- 1912). But Amir Abdul Ahad Khan was not even allowed to live in this palace. Amir Alimkhan, who was elected ambassador in Bukhara after the death of his father, was busy with the problems and state affairs of the state, so he transferred the palace to the humane society of Maria Fedorovna and used the palace as a sanatorium. Today, the palace serves as a hotel for private entrepreneurs [5].

Fig.4: Palace of Emir of Bukhara in Yalta (Used Traditional Patterns in the Interior)

Fig.4: Emir of Bukhara Palace in Zheleznovodsk (Using Traditional Models)

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ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020

Fig.5: Palace of Bukhara Emir in Bukhara (Using Traditional Patterns Inside)

The main building in Zheleznovodsk is a two-story brick building. Its architecture is also modern (field courtyard) and eclectic in the New Mauritius style. This palace differs from the first Yalta palace in bright colors. Basically we see a balcony and a polygonal tower and domes above it. The palace was skillfully decorated by Bukhara and Khorezm masters. decorative ceramic tiles give the wall a unique look. The entrance to the main entrance has a semicircular arch, Moorish iron columns. A stone lion statue with several marble grand staircases leading to the palace provides a magnificent view. The palace has a complex architectural solution, which is widely used. [7]

Fig.6: Emir of Bukhara Palace in Zheleznovodsk (Using Lion Statues)

Fig.7: Palace of Bukhara Emir in Bukhara (Using Lion Statues)

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ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020

Fig.8: Palace of Emir of Bukhara in Yalta (Using Lion Statues)

III. RESULTS It was during the construction of these two palaces in Bukhara that new parts of the Setorai Mohi Hoss palace, the emirates, were also built. In the new part of the palace there is a characteristic Moorish, eclectic style. Moreover, each of the halls of the palace is decorated with various national traditions. Among them, the white hall is decorated with ganch carving in the traditional style of “Bukhara Khanai Safed”. In the European-style lounge, the novel is made in the Gothic style [10]. Our observations show that these palaces are connected in many ways. The illustrations presented in this article are not too difficult to recognize. In the analysis, we see statues of lions at the ceremonial entrance to each palace. Rempel L.I. Far close. In the book "Bukhara notes" Setorai Mohi talks about the sangars, who first made a statue of animal lions during the construction of the palace of Khos. Small domes, which are also common in Indian architecture (especially in the Taj Mahal), and, of course, national decorations, deserve admiration for style and interior. Another set at Setorai Moxi Hossa is decorated with glass and bright stained glass windows. In general, the designs of the palaces built during this period are comparable to the desire to present themselves at the Department of Peace. It is no exaggeration to say that the style used in this palace is an excellent compositional solution to the Gothic, Roman, Moorish, eclectic, Indian, Iranian and Central Asian styles [9].

IV. CONCLUSION The architectural monuments of Central Asia are very rich and diverse. Moreover, since ancient times, gardens and palaces have been important, because the garden shows not only the architecture of the palaces, but also the development of parks, landscapes, urban planning and complex architecture. Gardens and palaces, as we just discussed, led to the emergence of the architectural traditions of Central Asia, as well as the emergence of new traditional, modern styles in the architecture of Central Asia. The study, preservation, restoration and addition of such architectural monuments to the pages of history is of great importance for the future generation and development of tourism in our country.

V. REFERENCES [1] Khaitova O., Kurbanov H. Karma History. Tashkent 2018 (p. 28) [2] Sh. Khalilov. Pockets and feasts are rich. Tashkent. 2018 (p. 128) [3] Uralov A.S., Sadykova S.S. Central Asian traditional style "Charbak" and modern landscape gardening art. .: 2012. (pp. 27-28.) [4] M.M. Vakhitov., Mirzaev Sh.R. Architecture Part 1 History of architecture. Tashkent 2010 (p. 217). [5] Boglachev S. V. Summer Palace of the Emir of Bukhara. Architecture of Old Zheleznovodsk. Pyatigorsk. 2010.g (370-338. - 479 st.). [6] Khotamov A., Bekniyazov N. Karmana, an ancient city. 2007 (p. 19, 55-61) [7] The Palace of Emir of Bukhara. Encyclopedic Slavic of the Stavropol Territory. E. A. Abulova and Dr. Stavropol. 2006. (110.S. 458).

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[8] S. Inoyatov., S. Turaev. Karman during the reign of Amir Abdul Ahad Khan. Tashkent 2004 (p. 45-46) [9] Nielsen V.V. He is a demonstrator of the Soviet Union. [10] Rempel L.I. Far close. Bukharka and notes. T.: 1982 g [11] P.A. Puchenchenkova, L.I. Rempel. Outstanding monuments of architecture of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 1958, (p. 96) [12] The Emir of Bukhara Palace in Zheleznovodsk on YouTube [13] The summer residence of the emir of Bukhara [arch.22.09.2018]. On Kavminvody online magazine. [14] Palace of the Emir of Bukhara (Yalta).

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