Initial Environmental Examination

July 2011

UZB : Water Resources Management Sector Project Report of Suvli Subproject [Final Report]

Prepared by Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Republic of Uzbekistan for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 3rd June 2011)

Currency unit – sum (SUM) SUM1.00 = $0.00059 $1.00 = SUM1,701.83

ABBREVIATIONS AP – Affected Person/ Party ADB – Asian Development Bank BCP – Best Construction Practices BISA – Basin Irrigation System Administration CDR – Control and Distribution Room (of pump house) CE – Construction Environmental Management Plan CEMP – Construction Engineer employed by PM Consultants DCEC – Department of Pump Stations, Energy, and Communications DPSO – Department of Pump Station Operations DWM – Directorate for Water Management EA – Executing Agency EARP – Environmental Assessment and Review Procedure/ Framework ECL – Environmental Consequences Listing EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMU – Environmental Management Unit GDP – Gross Domestic Product GNI – Gross National Income GoU – Government of Uzbekistan HAE – Hydro-geological Ameliorative Expedition I&D – Irrigation and Drainage IA – Implementing Agency IEA – Initial Environmental Assessment IEE – Initial Environmental Examination ISA – irrigation system administration LARF – land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework LARP – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MAWR – Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources MCA – Main Canal Administration MoF – Ministry of Finance NES – National Environmental Specialist NGO – Nongovernment Organization NPC – National Protection Committee (Goskompriroda) O&M – Operation and Maintenance PCB – Polychlorinated biphenyls PIU – Project Implementation Unit PM – Project Manager PMO – Project Management Office PNPC – Provincial National Protection Committee (Oblkompriroda) PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance CEE – Provincial Directorate for Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa) R&U – Rehabilitation and Upgrading

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SCLRGCSC – State Committee on Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography and State Cadastre SE – Site Engineer (Contractor‟s Employee) SEE – Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (Glavgosecoexpertisa) SES – Sanitary and Epidemiological Services WRMSP – Water Resources Management Sector Project WSP – Worker Safety Plan WUA – Water Users‟ Association

GLOSSARY Dehkan – Household plot used for household‟s immediate food requirements and sale of surplus. Given to head of family for the livelong ownership. Size of dehkan farms–irrigated land is 0.35 ha and 0.50 on non-irrigated area. Goskompriroda – State Committee for Nature Protection hokimiyat – Local Government Authority makhalla – The Smallest Administrative Group In a Community [Collection of Villages to Create a Community Village] Oblast – Russian Version of Viloyat (Region) Oblkompriroda – Provincial Level of State Committee for Nature Protection Oliy Majlis – Parliament Picket – 100 m section Rayon – Russian Version of Tuman (District) Shirkat – Cooperative Farm, Successor of Former Kolkhoz Tuman – District, Smaller Administrative Unit of The Viloyat Uzbekgydrogeologiy – State Hydro-geological Enterprises a Uzgidromet – Center of Hydro-meteorological Service Viloyat – Provincial Administrative Unit of Uzbekistan. [ Uzbekistan has 12 Viloyats (or Provinces) and 1 Autonomous Republic Karakalpakstan vodokanal – Water Supply And Sanitation Agency

NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Uzbekistan and its agencies ends on 31st December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31st December 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Contents A. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background ...... 1 A.2 Extent of the IEE Study ...... 2 B. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT ...... 3 B.1 Type and Category of the Project ...... 3 B.2 Need for the Project...... 4 B.3 Description of Project Facilities ...... 5 B.4 Project Rehabilitation Work ...... 7 B.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation ...... 9 C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 10 C.1 Physical Resources ...... 11 C.2 Ecological Resources ...... 17 C.3 Economic Development ...... 20 C.4 Social and Cultural Resources...... 23 D. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 29 D.1 Potential Environmental Impacts ...... 29 D 1.1 Issues / Concerns Relative to Siting ...... 29 D.1.2 Issues, Concerns Relative to Design ...... 33 D.1.3 Project Alternatives...... 34 D.1.4 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Construction ...... 34 D.1.5 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Operation ...... 38 D.2 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts ...... 39 D.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Designs ...... 39 D.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction ...... 41 D.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation ...... 47 E. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ... 49 E.1 Laws and Institutional Roles of GOU ...... 49 E.2 Responsibilities of Implementing EMP...... 51 E.3 Reporting Requirements ...... 54 E.4 Redress Grievance Mechanism ...... 54 E.5 Costs of Environmental Measures ...... 56 F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 56 F.1 Public Consultation ...... 56 iv

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

F.2 Information Disclosure ...... 58 G. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 58 H. CONCLUSIONS ...... 59 I. REFERENCES ...... 60 Annex –A: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 61 ANNEX – B: PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR THE SUB-PROJECT ...... 77 ANNEX- C: PHOTOS OF THE FIELD VISIT ...... 91 ANNEX- D: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE GRANTED BY PROVINCIAL NATURE PROTECTION COMMITTEE ...... 93

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

A. INTRODUCTION

A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background

1. This report is the description of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the proposed Suvli subproject of the Water Resources Management Sector Project (WRMSP) of Uzbekistan funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The IEE study was conducted during the project preparation period to identify the impacts of the proposed project on the environment and to recommend measures to mitigate such impacts arising from their implementation. The IEE Report is prepared to meet the environmental requirements of the ADB.

2. The proposed Suvli subproject is in the Pahtachi district of Samarkand region about 430 km southwest of the capital Tashkent and 130 km South-west of the Samarkand city (Figure 1). The project can be reached from the Samarqand – Navoi highway turning at 130 km from Samarqand (or 28 km from Navoi) and then passing 15 km on the access road to Suvli. The rehabilitation of this subproject will include replacement of the pumps and electrical control systems in the pumping station, rehabilitation of pump house, machine canals and all related structures. These structures are all owned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) and operated by the Zarafshan Basin System Irrigation Administration (BISA). The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources is the Executing Agency (EA) of this WRMSP.

3. The ADB has approved a loan for the Government of Uzbekistan (GoU) for the WRMSP on 17 December 2008 and will close on 30 June 2015. The Project continues the support of the ADB for the rehabilitation and upgrading of irrigation and drainage infrastructure and capacity development for water management. The Project is structured as a sector loan project. The WRMSP has selected to rehabilitate and upgrade seven irrigation schemes as subprojects.

4. WRMSP involves two areas of the country: (i) the Zarafshan River Basin, and (ii) the Fergana Valley. The Project will (i) rehabilitate and upgrade (R&U) pumping stations, (ii) rehabilitate and upgrade irrigation canals and structures, and (iii) improve inter-farm water management through state water agencies and on-farm management through water users‟ associations (WUAs). The primary aim is the sustained and increased agricultural productivity.

5. In the irrigated areas, about 1,500 electric pumps are installed which irrigate 1.17 million ha. Some of these are very large pumps, for example the Karshi system lifts 350 m3/s of water from the Ambudharya over an elevation of 170m. Main canals and inter- farm networks extend over 28,000 km of which some 33% is lined. Water use efficiency is quoted (Mahommadiev S.Kh. and Mirzaev M.P., undated) as being about 60%1. Furrow irrigation is practiced on 99.9% of the area. The two major land quality problems in the country are salinity and water logging caused by high groundwater levels with only 50% of irrigated land classed as non-saline by Central Asian standards (toxic ions represent <0.5% of total soil weight). Salinity generally increases towards the Aral Sea with <10% of land in the Ambudharya and Syrdarya basins being regarded as saline while further downstream in Karalpakstan about 95% of the land is saline - highly or very highly saline. A reduction in the quantity and quality of water delivered to farms and poor

1 In reality this is considered to be much less than this and is probably about 45-50%. 1

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject maintenance of drainage canals is responsible for increased salinization (Mahommadiev S.Kh. and Mirzaev M.P., op.cit).

A.2 Extent of the IEE Study

6. The IEE study was carried out by the Project Management Consultants attached to Joint Venture of Dongshing Engineering Consultants following the requirements of Safeguard Policy Statement (June 2009) and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Also the Procedure recommended in the Environmental Review and Assessment Framework prepared by PPTA consultants for the WRMSP was followed. Environmental Specialists attached to the TA visited the project sites and also carried out public consultations prior to preparation of this report. Environmental Specialists attached to the TA visited the project sites during the period of Feasibility study and prepared the IEE report together with Feasibility Reports in July 2011. Public consultations were carried out in April 2011 prior to preparation of this report. Moreover, the information provided by other experts carrying out Feasibility Study was also used in this exercise.

7. The areas coveted by the IEE include the pump station of Suvli, machine canals of the irrigation project covering 5,600 ha; and irrigation beneficiaries in 3 Kishlak committee (Misit, Kuyibok, Hayrobod) and 8 makhallyas (Mirkent, Sotiboldi, Urta, Zarafshan, Qoratepa, Kurbonkul, Nurafshan, Poyanigumboz) and the settlements of Ziatdin, Urta, Karanayman, and Bektol. All these settlements on the average 7-10 km away from the irrigation system. Also, available infrastructure to access and provide services as well as the Narpay canal flow records upstream of the Suvli intake and water users downstream were considered.

8. Environmental Specialists visited the pump house and its surrounding area including the intake from Narpay Canal. They visited the Suvli machine canals identified for rehabilitation by driving along inspection roads. They also observed the access roads to the project and the closest settlement Urta located about one km away from the pump house and where some of the irrigation beneficiaries of the project were resident. Secondary data of the socio-economic study for the sub project were used to evaluate the settlement and socio-economic conditions of the project beneficiaries, Flow records of the Narpay canal; water quality and water uses in the downstream collected by the consultants for the Feasibility study as well as the baseline socio-economic data collected for the feasibility study were used.

9. Findings of site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, technical descriptions based on the engineering designs contained in the Feasibility Reports and outcome of discussions with Officers of the various professionals of the relevant BISA, Hokimiyats, WUAs, Water Inspection Organization in the Region, Provincial Directorate for Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa), etc., are integrated into this IEE Report.

10. Thus the IEE Study involved the following activities: Gathering of baseline information available on the physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the project area and its subcomponent sites; and understanding the technical, social, and institutional aspects of the project; This included public consultation and field visits;

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Screening of potential issues, concerns and impacts relative to siting, design, construction and operation to distinguish those that are likely to be significant for a particular subcomponent and warranting further study; Recommending measures to mitigate adverse issues, concerns and impacts, particularly to the detailed project design team; Preparing an Environmental Management Plan indicating impact areas, recommended mitigation measures, method of monitoring the impacts, particularly during construction and operation phases and responsible persons; and Proposing an environmental monitoring plan and the institutional set up for implementation of the above Environmental Management Plan.

11. Public consultation activities were carried out, including on-site consultation with beneficiaries of the project activities. The consultation workshops allowed the people to voice their concerns and the TA consultants answered questions they had on the project. These face-to-face meetings allowed the TA consultants fine-tune the environmental management and mitigation plan, particularly to fit the needs of the area residents.

B. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

B.1 Type and Category of the Project

12. The subproject is an irrigation project that will rehabilitate and upgrade the pumping station of the Suvli irrigation system receiving water from the Karadarya River, a tributary of the Zarafshan River, through the Narpay Primary canal, in Samarkand Province, Uzbekistan. The subproject will improve the reliability and capacity of the pump station and canal network to meet the original design capacity of the water extraction and irrigation of the designed command area.

13. The expected impact of the subproject is the sustained and increased agriculture production and productivity. The expected outcome is that the irrigation systems fully functional and operated in an efficient manner leading to (i) reduced production losses, (ii) increased energy efficiency, (iii) improved water management, (iv) decreased land degradation caused by soil salinity and water-logging, (v) increased irrigation efficiency, (vi) enhanced farm productivity through increased yields and cropping intensity, and (vii) increased rural livelihoods. The proposed new pumps are not only of energy efficient type but also will operate at higher efficiency levels than now. As a result kWhs used for pumping a unit of water per unit head will be significantly reduced with the project.

14. The Project has been classified by the ADB as a Category B project requiring an IEE. The adverse impacts that will potentially arise from the implementation of the Project will generally be minor to moderate. Measures to mitigate them can be designed, provided and/or instituted without difficulty. For Category “B” projects, the ADB requires an IEE According to the Government of Uzbekistan (GoU) environmental legislation, the subproject falls under Category 3 or low risk projects because it involves long-distance channel with capacity less than 100 m3/s and manifold with capacity less than 20 m3/s.

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

B.2 Need for the Project

15. Though the command area of the Suvli subproject is 5,600 ha, at present about 1,789 ha is not cultivated due to acute shortages of irrigation water arisen from deteriorated pumps and irrigation canal system.

16. The Suvli subproject was commenced in 1980 and consisted of about 41 km of inter-farm canals and a pumping station with 4 units of pumps. In this irrigation system, the pumps and motors have outlived their service periods and have been subject to major repairs several times. Nevertheless, only two out of four pumps were in operational condition. In the pumping system, there are many defects, such as leaking rising mains, lack of devices for hydraulic surge control, facilities for ventilation of the pumping house, etc.

17. The electricity room is deteriorated with leaks and rusts, the cables, racks and trays are superannuated and not properly fixed and exposed with potential electrical failures and/or incidents. Power cables are potential risks due to severe water seepage through the walls of the building. Lower section of the control and distribution room (CDR) was filled with water. There was an explosion in the CDR and temporary pumping station was used until 2000. Main difficulty in normalizing operation of pumps was the absence of proper drainage.

Location map of Suvli Subproject subprojects

Suvli PS

Figure 1: Location of the Suvli subproject

18. Severe siltation and litters at pumps‟ inlets form a large amount of abrasive 4

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject suspensions damaging the pumps leading to a drop of pumping efficiency and pump capacity.

19. At the time of project commissioned in 1980, the LB canal has functioned up to 34 km out of 41 km and 4 years after till to date only 27.4 km of the canal is functional. Between pickets 37+00 and 39+00 the canal had beached due to malfunction of mudflow structure and the canal trace had been deviated to mitigate the problem. Restoring the mudflow structure of larger capacity and reconstructing the canal along the original trace would resolve the prevailing technical issues related to frequent maintenance at the location. Inadequate mudflow control has caused severe gully erosion in many places below the LB canal trace.

20. Approximately a total of 1.5 km of canal banks had been washed away by flash mud flow from the mountain side (during rains/snowfall) and some canal sections had an insufficient free board. A large reach of the concrete lining of the Suvli canal was cracked, damaged and/or washed away. Some of structures, such as spillways, footbridges, mud flow stilling basins, road bridges, etc., were dilapidated or did not function properly.

21. Mounds of silt have accumulated in the Suvli machine canal impeding canal flow. It is clear that part of the sediment in the machine canal had been washed into the farmlands while the residual in the canals impedes the water way leading to water shortages in the lower reaches in the canal. Erosion of soils from canal sides and dumped de-silted and excavated materials are encountered on the canal banks/ inspection road. Parts of the inspection road have also been poorly maintained and inaccessible either due to washing away or due to mounds of silt.

22. The latter section of the LB canal traces on the foot of a steep hill side and seasonal rains brings in soils eroded from steep embankment into canal thus aggravating sedimentation and increasing impediments to canal flows. The above situation is further aggravated by the storing the silt removed from the canal on the canal sides.

23. Rehabilitating and upgrading a part of the system with the annual maintenance budget could not ensure safety of the irrigation facilities. If the irrigation system of the Suvli subproject is not rehabilitated within a few years, a total failure of the irrigation seems would be unavoidable.

B.3 Description of Project Facilities

24. The Suvli subproject is located in Pakhtachi district of Samarkand region about 430 km southwest of Tashkent and 130 km west of the Samarkand city. To reach the project, one has to turn-off from the Samarqand – Navoi highway at a distance of 130 km from Samarqand or 28 km from Navoi. Then the project can be reached by passing 15 km on the project access road (see Figure 2). The distance from the nearest townships/ settlements are 50 km from Aktash, 10 km from Ziatdin, 110 km from Nurobod, and 28 km from Navoi. Samarkand region is located in the central part of the Republic of Uzbekistan and borders on the north and west with Bukhara region, on the east with Djizzak region and the Republic of Tajikistan, and on the south with Kashkadarya region.

25. The Intake is located on the Narpay canal, which draws water from the Karadarya, a tributary of Zarafshan River. The pump house and intake are in desert area developed for irrigation, where neither significant vegetation nor human habitats are 5

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject encountered (see Annex-C). Similarly machine canals and irrigated lands are in desert lands where no significant vegetation other than some weeds and few patches of man grown trees and crops under irrigation are encountered. The nearest settlement is Urta about one km away from the pump house.

Figure 2: Access roads to Suvli Subproject

26. The pump house covers 1335.1 m2 and other facilities attached to it. The entire premises are much larger with adequate space as located within bare land belonging to the government desert and vested in BiSA. The Suvli machine canal runs through remote irrigation area (desert). All settlements are more than a one km away from the irrigation system and include territories of 3 Kishlak committee (Misit, Kuyibok, Hayrobod) and 8 makhallyas (Mirkent, Sotiboldi, Urta, Zarafshan, Qoratepa, Kurbonkul, Nurafshan, Poyanigumboz) and the settlements of Ziatdin, Urta, Karanayman, and Bektol. All these settlements are on the average 7-10 km away from the irrigation system.

27. The command area of the Suvli subproject is 5,600 ha. Currently about 1,789 ha of the command area is not cultivated due to shortages of irrigation water. About 85.5% of the irrigated lands are cultivated by private farms and less than 14.5% by dehkan farms.

28. Irrigation infrastructure of the Suvli subproject consists of the following facilities:

a) Earthen intake canal of 450 m length from Narpay main canal up to the forebay of the pump house with a scour gate and excess water overflow arrangement and a canal to lead any discharges back into Narpay main canal; b) Pump house with 4 horizontal turbine pumps transmitting water to the discharge basin at the head of the irrigation system through rising mains of 1286 m long with a total dynamic pumping head of 78 m; c) Discharge basin dividing water between left branch canal of 27.4 km length 6

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

(original design was 41km) and right branch canal of 10.4 km length; canals are with canal inspection roads; d) Irrigation water distribution system comprises of a network of on-farm canals to convey water from the machine canals to each farm plots; and e) Structures associated for, controlled division of pumped water to LB & RB canals, control of discharges from machine to on-farm canals, regulation for controlling hydraulic gradient of the machine canal, bridges and culverts to facilitate vehicular traffic across the canals, and mudflow structures to ensure safety of the canals, etc.

B.4 Project Rehabilitation Work

29. Rehabilitation of the Suvli pumping station will cover replacement of the pumps, motors, auxiliary equipment, electrical control equipment and other associated systems and repair/replacement of suction and distribution pipelines including rising mains, intake chamber, pump house building etc. and improvement of drainage system outside and inside the buildings.

30. Currently Suvli intake canal has no enough inflowing flow for all the pumps running simultaneously due to siltation in the canal. Therefore, it is necessary to have better silt trap and de-silting arrangement along the inlet canal as well as deepening. New efficient sedimentation system has to be designed and introduced along the intake canal and appropriate mechanism should be provided to remove the collected silt before it enters the intake chambers. These silt outlets should be regularly operated to remove the collected silt.

31. With new intake arrangement, it is required to maintain adequate requirement for inlet chambers at minimum water level and it is required to deepen the intake chamber. Appropriate mechanism should be provided to remove the collected silt from intake chambers. These silt outlets should be regularly operated to remove the collected silt.

32. The handling/lifting mechanism at the bulk head gates is not working and need repairs with additional new handling arrangement. All screens need replacement. Bar screen should be installed after the stop log/bulk head gates for easy maintenance of bar screens.

33. Pump suction pipes between intake structures are very old and require refurbishment. Pump house building and control and distribution room need to be fully refurbished. The all four pump sets require complete replacement by new pumps and motors. Most of the gate valves are leaking, causing spillage of water on pump house floor. All valves require complete replacement along with pumps and motors. The drain pumps for floor drainage require complete replacement to maintain proper removal of floor drainage after rehabilitation. Since the pumping plant is on higher ground it necessary to study the options of possible gravity drainage within the premises.

34. The pumping station building is in poor condition and replacement of pumps will need construction of new foundations and removal of old foundations. New flooring will require raising the floor elevation for about 50 cm with proper slope. Some remedial measures for seepage of water into the pump house such as interceptor drainage systems around the pump house which will be connected to existing drainage channel and plastering of outside walls for water proofing etc., are necessary Along the foot of the embankments sloping towards the pumping station, a drainage ditch with a depth of

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject about 2 m and having slope to the outlet will be placed. A perforated drainage pipe will be placed at the bottom of the ditch; the ditch will be filled with sands and gravels up to 50 cm deep and, above the sands and gravels, covered with earth. The drainage ditch system will be connected to existing natural drainage system keeping appropriate slope.

35. A new ventilation system consisting of roof extractors, wall mounted fans and heaters are required to be installed. It is recommended to install new pump control valves (surge arrester valves) along each pump discharge pipe.

36. At present, there is no equipment or system to protect the pumping system from hydraulic surges due to sudden stoppages of pumps with power failure and appropriate surge protection system should be installed. A security fence around the pumping station will be constructed.

37. Complete rehabilitation of superannuated electrical equipment and facilities with electrical protection of pump operation is considered under the project. The capacity of the Suvli substation for power supply to pumping station is sufficient. The replacement will include a 10/0.4 kV 1,000 kVA power transformer, electrical motors, panels, trays, cables, conduit tubes and lightings of various kinds.

38. All main motor sets of new squirrel cage induction motors 10kV 1,600 kW along with pump units are recommended to be installed at the pumping station. It is required to replace the present power and control cables to a flame retardant type cables to reduce damage from burning.

39. Rehabilitation of the irrigation infrastructure in the Suvli subproject includes the following: (a) Improvements to the Intake canal incorporating (i) improvements to intake regula tor at the Narpay main canal, (ii) silt basin to trap the suspended particles, (iii) sc our gates and canal to discharge the accumulated silt into the discharge canal an d (iv) transition to connect the intake canal to the forebay of the pump house; (b) Rehabilitation of the discharge basin receiving water from the pump house and di stributing between left and right branch canals; (c) Rehabilitation of 27.4 km of the LB canal with associated structures; and (d) Rehabilitation of 10.4 km of the right bank canal with structures.

Rehabilitation of the LB main canal

40. Considering the available financial resources, the rehabilitation work in LB irrigation system will be confined to 27.4 km of the machine canal with provisions in the canal capacity to cater the full command area when the rehabilitation of the balance 14 km of the canal will be taken at a later date with the government funds.

41. Canal lining will include the replacing damaged panels of the canal, backfilling and compacting with soil and gravel at the eroded sections, placing bitumen impregnated water proofing membrane under the joints, re-concreting the broken panels and seal the gap between panels with mastic cement. The silt deposits in the canal will be removed by machinery or manually depending on the volume of silt at the section; safety of the canal lining during de-silting operations need to be assured.

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

42. The high sections on the canal bund will be graded and low sections will be filled to the designed levels. Rehabilitation will include repairs to 37 off-take structures with replacement of upstream intake structure, downstream outlet structure and the regulating gates complete with the guide rails, frames and lifting rods and replacement of 3 offtake structures. For flow measurement, 7 hydroposts of type II will be constructed in the machine canal and 40 New hydroposts of type I (well type) will be constructed to facilitate discharge measurements for offtakes.

43. Repairs to mud-flow structures include replacement of upstream inflow structure, downstream outflow structure and cleaning the barrel/ conduit 14 mudflow structures at the pickets 23+20, 30+40, 32+50, 37+20, 82+25, 92+35, 90+30, 96+15, 113+40, 123+08, 154+80, 157+80, 195+34, 207+00; and replacement of 4 mud flow structures at the pickets 38+15, 223+50, 261+75, 274+60.

44. Repairs to concrete structural components and replacement of gates in the 4 cross regulators at the pickets 101+20, 122+80, 155+54, 236+44 will be attended. The head walls of the inlet and outlet structures of the siphon at picket 52+30 are dilapidated and need replacement. Also the Bridges and culverts will be repaired. The inspection road will be maintained through the entire span of 10.4 km by removing piles of soil or sediment encountered while grading to the design profile with compacted gravel dressing. Rehabilitation of Right Branch Canal

45. The full extent of the RB machine canal will be rehabilitated to meet maximum irrigation demand of 2 m3/s. Repair of the existing concrete lining in Picket 0+00 to 1+12; 1+12 to 15+25; and new lining in Pickets 15+25 to 17+00; 27+00 to 26+00: 65+00 to 73+00 will be carried out.

46. The high sections on the bund will be graded and low sections will be filled to the designed levels. The concrete upstream inlet and downstream outlet structures and the control gates including the guide rails and lifting mechanisms will be replaced in the 21 off-takes.

47. For flow measurement, one hydropost of type II will be constructed at the head of the machine canal and 21 New hydroposts of type I (well type) will be constructed to facilitate discharge measurements for offtakes. Two mudflow structures at pickets 75+90 and 104+10 will be replaced. In addition, a new mudflow structure will be constructed on the new canal trace to replace the structure at picket 17+55 in the old trace. Rehabilitation of the 4 cross regulators will include repairs to the concrete structural components and replacement of regulating gates. The inspection road will be maintained through the entire span of 10.4 km by removing piles of soil or sediment encountered while grading to the design profile with compacted gravel dressing.

48. All work will be designed using current best international design practice to reduce siltation within the structures, reduce wear on pumping equipment, achieve the best efficiency in the pump system, and carry water at safe velocities in the canals.

B.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation

49. The Suvli noncore subprojects will be grouped into two, based on the consideration of location, convenience of bidding and construction, etc. Group-I will consist of three subprojects, namely Suvli, Abdusamat-I and Dangara subprojects and 9

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Group-II will have two subprojects of Kizil-Ravat and Buloqboshi.

50. Turnkey level detailed design and bidding documents for the subproject together with other Group-I subproject will be prepared during three and half months from April to mid-August 2011, including consolidation of the documents based on discussions with local organizations and specialists.

51. After review and approval of the bidding documents by ADB and the Government, the documents will be finalized and the bidding will be advertised and the bidding documents will be issued for the bidders by early September. All bidding procedures including contract award and registration will be completed by the end of 2011.

52. Construction works for rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure of the Suvli subproject is scheduled for two years, starting from January 2012 and to be completed by end of 2013. Detailed work schedule of rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure will be prepared by the Contractor. The implementation schedule is as follows

Table1: Implementation schedule –Suvli Subproject

2011 2012 2013 2014 Activity Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Feasibility Study

Approval of Feasibility Study Detailed Design and Preparation of Bidding Documents Conduct Surveys

Prepare Draw ings, Specifications, BoQ and Cost Estimates Preparation of Bidding Documents and Consolidation Bidding and Award of Contract

Review of Bidding Document by ADB Review of Bidding Document by the Government Finalization of the Bidding Document Advertisement and Issuance of Bidding Document Opening and Evaluation of Technical Bids

Review and Approval

Opening and evaluation of Price Bids

Review and Approval

Contract Aw ard and Registration Construction Supervision

C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

C.1 Physical Resources

53. Uzbekistan is a landlocked country with an area of 447,400 km2. The country can be divided into three zones: (i) The desert (Кyzylkum), steppe and semi-arid region covering 60% of the country which is located mainly in the central and western areas. The Suvli subproject is located in this zone; (ii) The fertile valleys that are located alongside the Ambudharya and Syrdarya rivers; (iii) The mountainous areas in the east with peaks rising to about 4,500 m average sea level (asl).

54. The Suvli subproject is in the Pahtachi District of Samarkand region about 470 km southwest of the capital Tashkent and 170 km South-west of the Samarkand city. The Samarkand Region is located in the central part of Republic of Uzbekistan with an area of 16,7 thousand km2. The Samarkand Region consists of 16 administrative districts, viz., Akdarya, Bulungur, Guzalkent, Djambay, Ishtihan, Kattakurgan, Koshrabad, Narpay, Nurabad, Payarik, Pastdargom, Pahtachi, Samarkand, Taylyak, Urgut and Chelek.

55. The Samarqand region has 11 cities, 8 urban settlement, 6 district centres and 1929 rural settlements. The Pahtachi district, where the subproject is located, is in the western part of the Samarkand region and borders on east with Narpay district, on north, north-west and west with districts Hatirchi, Navoi, Navbahor of Navoi region, on south with Nurabad district. The total area of the district is 1.37 thousand km2. The Ziatdin city is the centre of Pahtachi district.

56. The subproject is bounded by the Narpay main canal in the north, Ziyaddin Mountains in the south, Karnap village in the east and Ziyaddin village in the west and covers an area of about 7000 ha.

Climate

57. The climate of Uzbekistan is continental, even arid desertic over 60% of the country. The average rainfall is 264 mm ranging from less than 97 mm in the northwest to 425mm in the mountainous zone in the middle and southern parts of the country. Rainfall occurs during the winter season, mainly between October and April. The climate is characterised by high temperatures in summer (37 - 45°C) in July with temperatures dropping to a maximum -11oC during winter. Because of frequent frosts between late September and April, only one major crop per year can be grown.

58. The climate of Samarkand region is acutely continental. Climate data for the Kattakurgan meteorological station which is 30 km distant to the Suvli pump station is shown in Table 2. This shows that the majority of the rainfall occurs during the cooler winter season with extreme drought conditions occurring during summer. July is the hottest month when average daily temperatures reach 35.70 C while February is the coldest month when temperatures may fall to 2.40 C. Humidity is a maximum during the winter months (80%) and then declines to 41% during the hottest month in July. Wind run is relatively constant throughout the year but March and April may have slightly more wind. Average wind run is 4 – 5.5 m/s. While no evaporation figures are available, a significant moisture deficit would occur during the summer period which is hot and experience the maximum incoming solar radiation.

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59. Air Quality: The dynamics of complex air pollution index of the Samarkand city on the average for the period 2007 to 2009 was 1.83 that can be characterized as low. The whole of the Samarkand region falls into the zone with very high potential of air pollution at 3.45. The major sources of pollution are the emissions from industries and vehicles and it has shown a decreasing trend in recent years as follows: 2007 at 100,000 tons; 2008 at 110,000 tons; 2009 at 105,000 tons

Table 2: Meteorological data recorded at Kattakurgan reservoir (1977- 2007)2

Month Rainfall Temperature °C Humidity Wind run (mm) max Min % m/s Jan 45 6.6 3,0 80 4,43 Feb 34 9,8 2,4 77 4,94 Mar 55 14,6 4,2 73 5,46 Apr 42 22,4 9,9 65 5,15 May 22 27,8 13,9 54 5,09 Jun 5 33,7 18,2 42 4,74 Jul 4 35,7 19,9 41 4,64 Aug 0.2 34,5 17,8 43 4,47 Sep 2 30,1 12,8 48 4,16 Oct 11,3 30,5 7,2 56 4,06 Nov 29 15,9 3,7 69 4,18 Dec 51 9,3 2,6 78 4,24 Total 299

Topography, Soils and Geology

60. In the geomorphological perspective, the area is located on the sub-mountainous sloping-undulating and proluvial-diluvial area. The subproject consists of an alternating series of valleys and ridges running in the meridian direction with a coarse and slightly sloping topography in the north and with abrupt disjointed ravines and waterless valleys in the south.

61. Absolute elevation mark along the southern borderline of the area is 1100 m and in the northern part 500 m. The average downhill slope in the direction from south to north is 0.01-0.016

62. The soils in the region are light to medium and fine sandy loams, well-structured with colour varying from grey to yellowish. The soils are well drained, alkaline and contain gypsum throughout the profile, particularly at 30-90 cm depths. The soils have

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject low salinity. According to the soil and climatic zoning, the area falls under the Central Latitude Zone of the seasonally drying steppes which is characterized by light grey soils.

63. By soil and climatic zoning, the area pertains to central latitudinal zone of ephemeral steppes and is located at the belt of arid climate. According to the classification of B. Gorbunov and N. Kimberg the soil types in the desert zone are classified as follows: Automorphic type soils – takyr, desert and grey-brown Hydromorphic type soils – meadow, bog, alkaline.

64. In semi-desert (Adyr-submountain and hills) zone the soils are as follows: Automorphic type soils – light grey soils; Hydromorphic type soils – meadow, bog, alkaline.

65. According to “Uzgiprozem” soil expedition‟s studies, the Suvli subproject pertains to Ziyaddin submountainous slope and III sub-floodplain terrace of Zarafshan river. Ziyaddin sub-mountainous slope is located in the south and represents leaching chain of Ziyaddin hills. General slope to the north, to III sub-floodplain terrace is smooth.

66. Soil investigations in the area show that light grey soil developed on carbonate rock, has relatively high micro-aggregation and low macro-aggregation. In new irrigated soil carbonate layer is considerably stretched, and carbonate maximum accumulation profile is weakly notable. Agro-irrigation level obtained due to irrigation with characterized grey colour and presence of residual virgin soil shall be considered as main feature for the irrigated light grey soil.

67. Profile analysis shows that, besides carbonates and gypsum, in some places even in ploughing layer, rock formations of different shape and forms are available. Also, bentonite clay occurs in some places. Lower, in gypsum containing soils, coarse fractions of 0.25 mm and fine sand fractions of 0.25 mm are increased. High drain ability of the soils requires careful approach to the issues related to soil nutrition and irrigation during crop cultivation.

68. Relief of III floodplain terrace of Zarafshan river represents sub-mountain plain. Soils have proluvial-diluvial origin consisting of medium and light clay loam layer. Soil is represented by two genetic groups: irrigated light grey soils and meadow soils. The soil texture is represented mainly by medium and light clay loam, sometimes by sands. Laterally, the soils have a skeleton nature of weak to strong.

69. Regarding the physical and chemical properties of the irrigated grey soil compared to virgin lands, it has relatively high content and equal distribution along the carbonate profile of gypsum and alkaline-earth base. Equality of carbonate distribution along with other indicators is also an attribute of the irrigated light grey soil.

70. On Ziyaddin submountainous slope new soils are proluvial deposits which consist of medium and light clay loam with crush stone of low density. Availability of slopes and desert of underlying rock contributes good drainable soils. Under conditions, when the relief is more or less broken and slopes are observed, soils are exposed to various changes caused by uneven flow during the irrigation of the fields having considerable slopes. Washout effect causes eroding fine soils from fertile ploughing layer. As a result soil fertility is homogeneous.

71. Genetic horizons in light grey soil eroded in different extent are not even. Thus, on non-eroded soils humus horizon is saved while on eroded soils topsoil washout 13

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject occurred.

72. The irrigated grey soils cover 5,600 ha. The soils on about 3,600 ha have no salinity while on about 2,000 ha have low salinity. Soil salinity is sulphate type with lower amounts of chloride. The land is in unsatisfactory ameliorative condition.

73. Differences in mechanical composition have notable effect on anti-erosion properties of the soils and determine their sensitive attitude to the irrigation. Especially, in case of pebble stone occurrence is less than 1 m. As a result, irrigation erosion is entirely occurred here.

74. The soils classified by washout degree are shown in the following table.

Table 3: Soil resources by degree of washout3

Area Degree of Washout Surface slope ha % Low washout 0.01-0.03 1,200 21 Medium washout 0.03- 0.07 4,400 79 Total 5,600 100

75. Potential soil fertility is generally estimated at 70-80, but in some areas with pebbles, crushed rock and gypsum, it drops to 40-60 points. Average weighted Bonitate value under the current conditions in Suvli subproject is 47.5. To date, fertility had lowered by 20-25%. A package of agricultural and land reclamation measures in the short-run will help eliminate some negative conditions and will add to increased fertility index. Average weighted fertility value will increase and may reach 70 points. In “with project” scenario average prospective weighted Bonitate value will be about 52.

76. Lithological structure of the area comprises of proluvial-diluvial deposits of the Middle Quaternary age, which consist of the layers of clay and sandy loam with lenses underlain by detritus in the lower part of the incision. The deposits found in proximity of the mountains have coarse-grained faceted material. The thickness of the Quaternary deposits is 10-30 m. The quaternary deposits underlay by sandstone and neogene siltstone and in the southern area by volcanic rock.

77. The project is located in the seismic zone designated as 7 -8 on the Richter scale which pose a threat of potential earthquakes demanding protection against such events in case of physical structures to be built for any purposes.

Surface Water Resources

78. The main waterway of Samarkand region is the Zarafshan River. This river provides water for the big channels of Dargom, Yangiarik, Iskiangar, Bulungur and others. The outlet ditches are Karasu, Siab, Yangi-Dargom and others. Within the territory of the region Kattakurgan and Akdariya reservoirs are located.

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79. The Suvli irrigation system is supplied with irrigation water by the Narpay main canal which draws water from two sources namely (i) Karadarya river through Narpay intake; and supplementary issues from (ii) Kattakurgan reservoir in Damkhodja hydro system through augmentation canal. Both sources receive water from the Karadarya River a branch of the Zarafshan river- a trans-national river.

80. At present, Narpay main canal command area is irrigated by many small-size gravity off-takes on the right bank and many pumping units on the left bank. The Narpay main canal with a discharge capacity of 90 m3/s and spanning a length of 90 km conveys water to districts of Narpay, Pakhtachi and a part of Kattakurgan. The total irrigation command area of the Narpay main canal is about 51.5 thousand ha.

81. The Zarafshan River has a length of 877 kilometres and a drainage basin of 17,100 km2. The Zarafshan River has its source in the Zarafshan Glacier at an altitude of 2,800 meters in Tajikistan's Koksu Range. For its first 300 kilometres, the river flows through Tajikistan before entering Uzbekistan where it flows towards Samarkand. The Zarafshan River4 contains several irrigation structures. The upper most barrage, Ravatkhodija is just downstream of the border with Tajikistan where the river feeds two left and right bank canals. The Ak-Karadaray barrage is located about 10 km downstream of Samarkand where the river is divided into two branches known as the Akdarya (White River) to the north and the Karadarya (Black River) to the south.

82. The average flow of the Zarafshan river, recorded in the mountains (at the Dupuli hydropost) of the Republic of Tajikistani, is 165 m3/s, and average annual runoff is 5,204.1 million m3, thus making the Zarafshan river regime favourable for irrigation purposes.

83. The two branches of the Zarafshan River re-join downstream at Yangirabad where the river is again called the Zarafshan. It continues towards the west passing Navoi and Bukhara where what remains of the river becomes known as the Karakul Darya. The river's flow is entirely used for irrigation and dries before reaching the Amu Darya. More than three-quarters of the river's flow occurs between May and September, peaking in July with a rate of 250–690 m3/s. Average flow is 162 m3/s, the lowest discharge is 28– 60 m3/s, occurring in March

84. Diversion of water from Karadarya River to Narpay canal vary with monthly average peak of 152.4 mcm occurring in July and minimum of 0.58 mcm occurring in January. The monthly discharge variations are depicted in Figure 3 below

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Monthly Flows in Narpay Canal from 2004 to 2008 180.00 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 Discharge [MCM] Discharge 40.00 20.00 0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Average 0.58 4.28 69.41 96.38 98.02 125.2 152.3 130.5 58.89 54.80 31.91 3.07 Minimum 0.00 0.00 57.72 70.63 83.06 118.1 130.3 105.6 33.72 29.57 20.19 0.00 Maximum 2.33 8.56 82.20 121.1 118.7 135.1 162.5 145.6 78.12 67.28 39.48 9.51

Figure 3: Monthly diversions to Narpay Main Canal5

85. The sediment load in the Narpay main canal depends on the suspended and bed loads in Zarafshan River. Average monthly turbidity data in the Narpay main canal from 2000 to 2010 are shown in the following table. High turbidity including monthly average silt contents of 1,430 and 1,300 g/m3 in the canal water occurs in July and August, respectively, and relatively low silt contents were shown during the low-flow months months from October to March. Also only aabout 41.6% of the sediments were finer than 0.01 mm. As such, Silts removing facilities are required to protect pumps from the abasive effect of sediments in water. Table 4: Average Turbidity (g/m3) in Narpay Main Canal from 2000 to 20106

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 70 70 117 289 532 842 1,430 1,300 497 96 58 100 450

86. Mud-flow is a serious issue in the irrigation system. Maximum flow rate of mud floods (i.e. storm water carrying eroded sediments) was analysed in accordance with construction standards and rules (КМК 2.01.14-98). The runoffs which cross LB and RB of the Suvli machine canal are formed at the foot of the mountains, sloping down in the direction from south to north and from west to the east by the rainfall events. The sub- mountainous areas have absolute elevation marks of 1100 to 500 m. Despite small elevation marks, rainfall runoffs streaming down the slopes have pronounced mud torrent features. The area of the basin is considered as a hazardous mudflow zone.

87. In the upper part, the runoffs channels do not have pronounced streambeds, while downstream they assume the shape of ravines with the depth of incision of up to 10 m and bed width from 5 to 10 m. Runoffs channel banks formed by dense loam are distorted by mudflows. The streambed is formed by the sediments of coarse grained sand with 3-5 cm diameter gravel prevailing. In some places, much larger bottom sediments of 10-14 cm diameter are rather common. There are only five large rainfall runoffs channels with catchment basins of over 20 km2 in the area. The other 18 runoffs channels have catchment basins of less than 20 km2.

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88. The runoff channel slope varies from 0.012 to 0.60. Mud torrents formed as a result of rain showers occurring in the area almost every year between April and June. Such torrents carry suspended and bed-transported matters. Suspended matters are formed because of sheet erosion in the runoff basins, while bed-transported matters are formed because of slope detritus and streambed reshaping. The mud-flood has a turbulent nature with mud-stone content. To calculate maximum water flow rate in ravines, limiting intensity formula is applied.

Groundwater

89. The subproject has a single water-bearing horizon in quaternary deposits. Water- containing strata contain loamy sands, clay loams and detritus sediments. Ground water depth level as of 1 October 2010 was from 0 to 1 m covering 7 ha; from 1.0 to 1.5 m covering 22 ha; from 1.5 to 2.0 m covering 48 ha; from 3 to 5 m covering 160 ha and over 5 m covering 924 ha of the territory of Ziyovuddin-Sanakul farm. In the territory of Yangi-Diuyor farm, water tables were over 5 m and in the territory of Sh Kakharov and K Rajabov farms 1.5-2.0 to 3-5 m. Groundwater salinity is 1-3 g/l. and contains sulphates, hydrogen carbonates and sodium-magnesium.

90. Groundwater is recharged by subterranean inflows from sub-mountainous region, infiltration water from irrigated fields and irrigation network and precipitations. Decrease in amount of subterranean water flows results from evaporation, discharges into collector-drainage network and drainage to outside the area. Generally the groundwater flows in the direction from south to north and from the sub-mountains to the valley of the Zarafshan River. Groundwater in the area has been stabilized with infiltration, irrigation and runoff.

91. Soils have the following infiltration indices: Clay and sandy loam with lenses underlain by detritus: 0.3-3.0 m/day (on avera ge 1.5 m/day) Detritus arboreous-gravelly soil: 5-25 m/day (on average 15.0 m/day).

C.2 Ecological Resources

Forests and Biodiversity

92. Natural vegetation currently occupies 85 % of the desert and steppe area, 13 % of mountains, valleys and floodplain areas. In the floodplains which were originally well covered with flora, only 2% of the original flora now remains. Flora of Uzbekistan is represented by at least 4,500 species of vascular plants which belong to 650 genera and 115 families. Endemism rate is rather low and equals 8 % (or 400 species) of the total number of species. (Uzbekistan Academy of Science, 2006).

93. The total area of state owned forest land is 8.6 million ha or about 18% of the total area of the Republic. The area under actual forest is 2.4 million ha or 5.3% of the country‟s total area of forest. Compared to 1996, the total area of the state forest reserve has been reduced by more than 1 million ha (NPC, 2005).

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94. Uzbekistan is at the junction of several bio-geographic regions in Central Asia and has a rich faunal diversity that includes endemic species and other species that have migrated to occupy the diverse range of habitats that are present in the country. The present vertebrate fauna includes 677 species, including 108 species of mammals, 432 species of birds, 58 species of reptiles, 2 species of amphibians and 77 fish species. Many of these species and their habitats are now under threat from economic development which has changed much of the original desert habitats to irrigated areas while overgrazing by farmed animals has further reduced the range and numbers of many of the species. (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 2006).

95. Uzbekistan has prepared lists of rare and endangered flora and fauna7. Of the 4,500 species of flora in Uzbekistan some 302 species of plants and 3 species of fungi have been classified according to three categories of occurrence and areal extent as being rare and endangered. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2006) shows that 44 types of plants from the Red Book grow in the Samarkand Province out of which one type Hedysarum amancutanicum is listed as Category 0; 15 species are listed as Category 1; 24 species are listed as Category 2, and 5 species are listed as Category 3. Some 48 species of fauna are listed in the Red Book of which 31 species are Category 2, 12 are Category 3 and 5 are of Category 1.8 None of these species are found in the subproject area.

Protected Areas

96. Uzbekistan has addressed the problem of declining flora and fauna by creating protected areas at both the national and provincial level. The national level includes six mountain reserves (Gissar, Zaamin, Kitab, Nurata, Surkhan and Chatkal); three desert- tugai nature reserves (Kyzylkum, Badai-tugai, and Zarafshan); two mountain national parks (Zaamin and Ugam-Chatkal; nine reservations (Arnasai, Dengizkul, Karakir, Karakul, Karnabchul, Koshrabad, Saiga-chiy, Sarmysh and Sudochie) and two nature monuments (Vardanzi and Yazavan). A strictly protected status has been given to the eco-centre “Djeiran” to breed rare animal species for their re-introduction to their natural habitats (see Figure 4 for protected areas).

97. The Saksaul protected area (total area, 2,352 ha) is the nearest protected area to the subproject and it is located 124 km to the east of the subproject (part of the Samarkand system of protected areas). The main objective of this reservation park is the protection of riparian (tugai) forest. Also a small nature reserve has been created along the Narpay canal below the subproject which is administered by the Samarkand Oblokompriroda (Provincial Office of Nature Protection Committee). This is more than 10 km away from the project area and the project would not impact on this nature reserve.

7 Academy of Sciences and State Committee of Nature Protection, 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Volume I: Plants the Fungi. Volume II: Animals 8 Category 0 are species that are thought to be extinct, category 1 are species that are close to becoming extinct (endangered); Category 2 are rare species; and Category 3 Reducing ones . 18

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Figure 4 Protected areas

Ecology of the Project Area

98. The subproject is now devoid of its original vegetation, having removed the space desert vegetation by grazing and later by the construction and alteration of the environmental conditions by the irrigation system. All that remains of the original vegetation are few sparse arid tolerant plants, such as camel thorn. Any palatable vegetation outside the irrigation area continues to be over-grazed by flocks of sheep and goats. Within the irrigation area the original vegetation has been replaced by crops (cotton, wheat and maize), deciduous trees (poplars, apricots, apples and walnuts).

99. No significant wildlife remains in the subproject. Available information reveals that Foxes used to visit the area but they are rarely if ever seen, hares are common. Snakes include the cobra, asp and kulvar. The subproject provides some bird habitats and during the field visit various transient European birds were observed in the area including; bee eaters, and sand pipers. Magpies, the common minah and tree sparrows are resident in the area. The only raptor observed was a single sparrow hawk.

100. The Narpay canal is concrete lined and as such represents a poor fish habitat. Some fish enter the canal and these include: European carp, Crucian carp, snakehead fish and marinka. While the number of fish in the canal is not high, some of the villagers 19

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject fish in the canal using hand lines on an irregular basis, but catches are very poor. There is no noticeable change in the seasonal distribution of fish.

C.3 Economic Development

101. Uzbekistan is an upper low-income country rich in resources and economic potential. Since gaining independence in 1991 (having separated from the Soviet Union) the country has navigated towards a marked based economy. With the subsequent transition, the chief economic goals of the country have broadly consisted of reducing dependence on imports, ensuring energy and food self-sufficiency, diversifying the economy, prudent fiscal and monetary policies, stimulating exports and expanding employment opportunities in order to raise living standards. The government has adopted a gradualist approach to economic change which has seen per capita GNI increase from $420 in 2003 to $610 in 2006. During the same period GDP grew from 4.4% to 7.2%. Despite this growth, poverty and unemployment are continuing problems in Uzbekistan (WB, 2000)9.

102. Agriculture is the key economic sector in Uzbekistan making up 33% of the GDP, 38% of employment and providing about 40% of export income (WB, 2000). Some 60% of the country‟s population live in rural areas. Agricultural land occupies 28.5 million ha of which 4.2 million ha is irrigated, the remaining 23.4 ha is low productive grazing land. Due to the arid climate, crop production is almost entirely dependent on irrigation. Cotton and wheat are the two major crops, which are grown on 41% and 42% of the irrigated land respectively. Both crops are subject to production quotas imposed by the government. Uzbekistan is globally the sixth largest cotton producer and the second largest cotton exporter after the USA with cotton making up about 25% of export income. However, cotton production is being increasingly affected by soil degradation and salinization which is now affecting 50% of the irrigated area (WB, 2000).

103. Agricultural land is owned under two main systems; (i) larger private farms and (ii) very small dehkan orr household plots. Some shirkats (co-operative farms) remain but they are mainly cattle or livestock farms or used for seed production. During the 1990‟s state and collective farms were reorganized into shirkats. After 2003 private farms were created from the shirkat farms in a staged manner based on the application of Decree No PF 3226 of 24 March 2003 “Concerning the Transformation of Shirkat Farms to Private Farms‟. The average size of private farms is 25 ha though some are as large as 150-250 ha. It is expected that with further government assistance private farms will eventually dominate land ownership in the future. Land tenure is based on inheritable 10- 50 year leases. Private farms now produce 38% of cotton and 52% of wheat.

104. The historical Samarkand city is the administrative centre of the Zarafshan valley. The valley depends on agro-economy to ensure income, employment and welfare of the rural population. It is estimated that about 75% of the total population depends on the irrigated agriculture practiced with main crops of cotton, wheat, vegetables and fruits.

105. For the last 10 years the growth of rural population in the region was estimated at about 21%. At the same time, the stabilization of irrigated lands area of 377.9 thousand ha has resulted in reduction of the irrigated lands from 0.21 ha to 0.17 ha per capita. In some areas ensuring a reliable irrigation water supply has become a problem due to physical deterioration of the water distribution structures.

9 World Bank, 2000. Irrigation and Drainage Sector Strategy Study. Volume 1. Report prepared for MAWR. 20

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106. Total command area of the Suvli subproject is 5,600 ha. However, at present, about 1,789 ha of the command area is not cultivated due to acute shortages of irrigation water arisen from deteriorated pumps and irrigation canal system. About 85.5% of the irrigated lands are cultivated by private farms and less than 14.5% by dehkan farms. There are a total 120 private farms having an average irrigated land area of 30.4 ha. A total 1,287 dehkan farms are in the subproject area and average size of the dehkan farms is about 0.12 ha.

Table 5: Distribution of land in Suvli Subproject10

Percentage of Type of farming Area (ha) total Private farms 3,261 85.5 Dehkan farms including house land plots 550 14.5 Total currently irrigated lands 3,811 100.0 Unused land due to water shortage 1,789 32.0 Total 5,600 100.0

107. The major crops in the Suvli project areas are cotton and wheat, which are grown on average around 34% and 33% of the net irrigated area, respectively. Vegetables, melon and gourds, fodders and fruit are produced from the remaining area to give an average cropping intensity of around 103%. Private farms are compelled to grow a quota of cotton and wheat under the State order system, while Dehkan farms are free to choose what they grow.

108. Average cropping patterns and the commitments of private farms in the Suvli subproject area from 2007 to 2010 is shown in Table 6. Cotton and wheat are the main crops on the irrigated land of the subproject, covering 52.5% and 37.2%, respectively. About 90% of the irrigated lands were utilized for cultivation of cotton and wheat and the rest 10% of the land was allocated for orchards, vineyards, fodder crops, etc. Table 6: Land use in Suvli Subproject (average for 2007-2010)11

No Land use All farms (%) Private farms (%) 1 Wheat 37.2 93.5 2 Cotton 52.5 100 3 Vegetables 1.1 7.0 4 Fodder crops 1.9 71.8 5 Orchards 5.7 94.7 6 Vineyards 1.6 93.2

109. In 2007-2009, average yield capacities and gross yields of various crops in all farms and private farms in the Suvli subproject area are given in Table 7. The table shows yield capacities of wheat and cotton in all farms at 44.4 centner/ha and 26 centner/ha, respectively. The yield capacity of 43.1 centner/ha wheat in private farms is little lower than that of all farms. The table also shows gross yield of 6,166 tons of wheat

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in all farms, 5,106 tons of raw cotton, 965 tons of vegetables, 1,260 tons of fruits, and 353 tons of grapes in all farms. Private farms produce 91.4% of wheat, 100% of raw cotton, 8% of vegetables, 94.9% of fruits, and 93.5% of grape.

Table 7: Cropping area, yield capacity and gross yield (average for 2007-2009)12

Yield capacity Area (ha) Gross yield (ton) (centner/ha) No Land use Private Private Private All farms All farms All farms farms farms farms 1 Wheat 1.390 1.300 44.4 43.1 6.166 5.633 2 Cotton 1.958 1.958 26.0 26.0 5.106 5.106 3 Vegetables 42 3 47.5 26.3 965 78 4 Maize for silage 6 0 65.6 0 394 0 - Annual grasses for silage 20 17 151.0 177.0 301 301 - Perennial grasses for silage 45 34 153.0 156.6 689 532.6 5 Orchards – total 215.3 204 - Including fruit bearing 211 200 59.7 59.7 1.260 1.196 6 Vineyards-total 59.2 55.2 - Including fruit-bearing 59.2 55.2 59.6 60.0 353 330

110. Table 8 shows stocks and production of livestock and poultry in the district and subproject area. The Suvli subproject area has relatively minor portion of livestock and poultry of Pakhtachi district showing 4.1% cattle, 4.1% cows, 11.8% sheep and goats and 2.0% poultry. Production of livestock and poultry is only 2-3% of district‟s production.

Table 8: Livestock and Poultry in District and Subproject area in 201013

Livestock and poultry District total Subproject area Percentage of district total Cattle (head) 88,103 3,600 4.1 Cows (head) 35,415 1,450 4.1 Sheep and goats (head) 156,230 18,500 11.8 Poultry (head) 123,014 2,500 2.0 Production Meat (live weight) (ton) 8,997 267 3.0 Milk (ton) 35,366 1,016 2.9 Eggs, thousand (piece) 10,769 250 2.3

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C.4 Social and Cultural Resources

111. Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia with around 27.6 million citizens14 and a land mass of almost 450,000sq km. It occupies a strategic, though double landlocked location bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Turkmenistan and Afghanistan to the south and west. It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 45th by population. Uzbekistan benefits from a rich cultural inheritance being one of the „cradles of civilization‟ located on the ancient „Silk Road‟ between Asia, the Middle East and Europe15.

112. In 2007 the population of the country was 27.04 million of which about 64% live in rural areas (ADB, 2008) and derive their income from a mix of agricultural and commercial activities. Population grew at unsustainable rates of between 2.8 to 3.2% in the 1970‟s and 1980‟s, but has since fallen to about 2.2%.

113. Some 90% of the population belongs to Central Asian nations. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, approximately 80 % of the population are Uzbek. Russians are the second largest group with 5.5% of the population. Other ethnic groups include Tajiks 5%, Kazaks 3%, Karakalpaks 2.5%, Tartars 1.5% and Kyrgyz 1%. In the subproject 98% of the farmers are Uzbek, the rest are Tajik.

114. The capital Tashkent with a population of over 2.5 million is the largest city in Central Asia. Samarkand city with a population of 390,000 is the second largest city in Uzbekistan and is the administrative centre of the Samarkand Province (Viloyat). Uzbekistan is mainly an Islamic republic but includes other religions which are permitted under the Constitution. The main language spoken is Uzbek. Russian is also commonly used. Uzbek is commonly spoken in the subproject area.

115. The strength of recent export led growth16 in the region of 6%-8% GDP growth per annum between 2004 – 200817 and the maintenance of high rates of public expenditure in the education and health sectors, have enabled a reduction in the overall poverty rate from 27.5% (urban 22.5% to rural 30.5%) in 200118, to 23.6% (urban 17.6% to rural 27.1%) by 200719. The indicators of wealth creation are positive with gross national income per capita increasing to US$900 in 200820, up from US$730 in 200721.

116. Poverty and low wages are a national concern and it is estimated that 26% of the population live below the national poverty line (2003 data as quoted by ADB, 2008) with the great majority of these people living in rural areas it is estimated that rural incomes have declined to less than 25% of the urban wage rates. Rural poverty has been shown to be clearly related to unreliable water supply and land degradation (water logging and soil salinization) with those farmers located at the end of the water distribution systems normally the most affected. Poverty in rural areas is also affected by increased numbers of people now wanting to enter the workforce as a consequence of high birth rates in the 1970‟s and 1980‟s. With the privatisation of landholdings there has been a reduction in

14 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) 15 UNDP Country Programme Action Plan 2010- 2015 16 Especially in gold, copper, cotton, natural gas, machinery production, and chemical, light and food-processing industries – (buoyed by favorable global prices) 17 The Economist Intelligence Unit 18 Welfare Improvement Strategy of Uzbekistan – (2008-2010) Table 3.8 19 UNDP Draft Country Programme Document for Uzbekistan 2010-2015 (19th March 2009) 20 World Bank Uzbekistan Country Brief 2009 (per capita based on GNI, Atlas method). 21 United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2015 p. 13 23

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

employment opportunities and many of these people can no longer find work in rural areas or are underemployed. It is estimated that about 3.5 million mainly young men have migrated abroad in search of work.

117. In Uzbekistan, there is a free public medical service. The largest hospitals are located in Tashkent while regional centres provide adequate facilities at regional levels. However, the facilities at district hospitals are not fully-equipped and they send patients to regional hospitals for serious conditions. The prevalence of illnesses has increase during the last years in the whole of the country. From 2005 to 2008 the level of prevalence has increased on the average 5.29% in the Samarkand region for disorders related to endocrine and digestive systems. In the Pahtachi district, there are 4 city hospitals with s 125 doctors, 250 paramedical workers; 3 rural medical stations; 39 first- aid obstetrical stations,;12 outpatients' clinics; and 19 pharmacies.

118. Regarding educational facilities, the number of general school is 47 for 25,300 school children and 3 professional colleges for 1,800 students. In the district, there are 45 libraries, 17 cultural centres, 8 stadiums and 43 play grounds.

119. Coverage of pipe-borne water supply in Samarkand Province is 70%. Some of the households in the subproject draw their water for drinking and household use from the irrigation canals. Sanitation facilities in the subproject are very poor with open pit latrines.

120. The command area of the Suvli subproject is 5,600 ha but at present about 1,789 ha of the command area is not cultivated due to acute shortages of irrigation water arisen from deteriorated pumps and irrigation canal system. About 85.5% of the irrigated lands are cultivated by private farms and less than 14.5% by dehkan farms. There are a total 120 private farms having an average irrigated land area of 30.4 ha. A total 1,287 dehkan farms are in the subproject area and average size of the dehkan farms is about 0.12 ha.

121. The local government organizations established at the lowest level of governance are the Makhallas (equivalent to villages). The area of a Mahalla is determined by local authorities and the sub project area has 8 Makhallas. The Rural Assembly of Citizens (RAC) is at the next higher level of rural administration. The Chairman is elected by village representatives based on District Administration Recommendations (Local Authority). Suvli subproject has 3 RACs. Water User Associations (WUA) are non- governmental organizations that distribute irrigation water to farmers. There are WUAs in Suvli subproject. Members elect the Chairman. The Chairman appoints the other officers. WUAs are also responsible for O&M of irrigation and drainage structures and canals. The population data of the subproject are given in the table below.

Table 9: Population related data of the Suvli subproject22

RAC Makhalla Households Families Population Mirkent 435 542 2 423 Misit Sotiboldi 470 555 2 261 Urta 596 402 2 400 Kuyibok Zarafshan 839 839 3 783 Qoratepa 352 388 2 174

22 Socio-economic baseline data collected for the feasibility study of Suvli subproject 24

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Kurbonkul 496 508 2 872 Hayrobod Nuravshan 450 508 2 199 Poyanigumbaz 316 503 2 220 Total 3 954 4 245 20 332

122. The population related to the Suvli subproject is 20,332 consisting of 4,245 families with 3,954 households. Average family size in the subproject is 5.1. Extended family system is common several families living together within a one household. However, younger families move out and establish their own homes when they establish a good income. The demographic data of the subproject population is given in Table 10.

Table 10: Demographic data of the Suvli Subproject23

Indicator Data Source Number

Total Population RACs & Makhallas 20 332 Total No of HH RACs & Makhallas 3 954 Average HH Size 5,1 Total No of Families RACs & Makhallas 4 245 No of Poor Families* RACs & Makhallas 1 409 No of Non Poor Families 2 836 % of Poor Families 33,2 % of Non Poor Families 66,8 No of children below 1 year RACs & Makhallas 695 No of children below 5 years RACs & Makhallas 1 367 No of children below 7 years RACs & Makhallas 998 No of children below 16 years RACs & Makhallas 4 528 Total No of children below 16 years RACs & Makhallas 7 588 No of adults > 60 RACs & Makhallas 1 121 Total No of Dependents 8 709 Dependency ratio 74,9 Dependency ratio (Employed) 81,4 No of Old age pensioners Total RACs & Makhallas 1 911 % of Old age pensioners in Popln. 9,4 No Disabled / handicapped Total RACs & Makhallas 268 % of Disabled / handicapped in Popln. 1,3 No of Persons Migrated Total RACs & Makhallas 106 % of Persons Migrated 0,5

*Poor families are identified by RACs and Makhallas based on multiple factors, such as number of dependents, income level, family members with disabilities, etc. Poor families are subject to social transfers from the government.

23 Socio-economic baseline data collected for the feasibility study of Suvli subproject 25

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

123. The Sub-Project area population is rather homogeneous in terms of ethnic origin and 99.6% of the population in the subproject area is Uzbeks. Dependency ratio is 74.9% for the sub-project area. Total workforce in the sub-project area comprises of 11,701 people. Employed population comprises 88.9% of the total workforce. The largest number of population is employed in agriculture (18.2%) and government sector (13.8%). Majority of economically active women in the sub-project area are housekeepers. However, as revealed by the focus-group discussions with women, housekeepers are involved in a number of agricultural activities, such as livestock raring in households and cotton harvesting. Unemployment rate is moderate and constitutes 2% of the total population.

124. The education level in the sub-project area is typical of most rural areas of Uzbekistan and 21% of the population has completed the secondary education whereas only 1.4% has completed any professional education at secondary level. However, the rate of people with higher education (2.7%) is below average among surveyed sub- project areas (3.9%).

125. Potable water supply is a serious problem for the project area. Only 23.7% of households in the sub-project area have r pipe 0borne water in the house or in the courtyard. Also, 37.5% of households have access to street water taps. On the average, pipeline water is available only for 1 to 2 hours a day. Those without inadequate water supply use the water sources of rivers, canals, ditches and Springs, at least time to time, by 33.1% of households. About 8.9% of the population get water using hand pumps within or outside compound. 10.4% of households use other sources of water. Therefore, people in the sub-project area drink and cook using water, which falls short of sanitary standards. In order to clean water, people mainly use boiling and settling.

126. The infrastructure facilities available for the subproject population are as follows given in the table 11.

Table 11: Infrastructure facilities available for the population of Suvli subproject24

District Pahtachi Indicators\Name of RAC Misit Kuyibok Hayrobod Population 4 684 8 357 7 291 Number of Households 905 1 787 1 262 Distance from the Central Populated Locality to District Center, km 0,5 7 12 Distance to the nearest big road, km 1,5 6 10 Extensions of Roads with Hard Covering 25 40 46 Number of Households Having Access to Clean Piped Water (in 905 1 595 902 House se or in the Street) Number of Households Having Access to Centralized Natural Gas 882 1 309 766 Supply Number of Households Having Access to Electricity 905 1 389 766 Number of Households Connected to Telephone Communication Line 0 1 083 704 Number of Operating Kindergartens 8 4 6 Number of Places (Capacity) in Kindergartens 615 147 270

24 Socio-economic baseline data collected for the feasibility study of Suvli subproject 26

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

District Pahtachi Indicators\Name of RAC Misit Kuyibok Hayrobod Number of Children Attending Kindergarten 385 193 175 Number of Kindergartens Having Access to Piped Water 6 0 6 Number of Secondary Schools 8 6 8 Number of Schools Having Access to Piped Water 4 0 8 Number of Colleges 1 0 1 Number of RMS 2 2 5 Number of RMS Having Access to Piped Water 2 0 5 Number of Drugstores within the RAC 0 2 0 Number of Operating Bathes within the RAC 0 0 0 Number of Marketplaces 0 0 1 Number of Shops/Stalls 17 55 47 Number of Canteens/Teahouses 5 0 7 Number of Bakehouses 0 4 2 Land Area of RAC, hectares 6544,0 6190,0 4384,0 Agricultural Land Area, hectares 0,0 3843,0 3206,0 Area of Land with Poor Soil Condition, hectares 360,9 811,1 196,0 Area of Land with High Water Table, hectares 0,0 0,0 0,0 Area of Highly Salinized Land, hectares 360,9 811,1 196,0 Total Area of Non-used Land, hectares 1174,0 1296,5 559,9 Area of Irrigated Land, hectares 3877,0 4237,0 3206,0 Area of Land that Requires Construction and Reconstruction of 0,0 0,0 559,9 Irrigation Systems, hectares Area of Land that Requires Construction and Reconstruction of 0,0 0,0 559,9 Drainage Systems, hectares Number of Private Farmers within the RAC 13 11 15 Number of Women Private Farmers within the RAC 2 0 6 Area of Land Held by Private Farms, hectares 3974 4177 2767,6 Number of Agricultural Workers 1 938 799 1 081 Including Women 938 231 459 Number of Registered Dehkan Farms 0 43 0 Number of Tractors in MTP that Provide Private Farmers with 29 0 16 Machinery Number of Combines in MTP that Provide Private Farmers with 1 0 5 Machinery Number of Medium-size and Large Industrial Enterprises, Operating 4 0 0 within RAC Number of Transport Enterprises 0 1 0 Number of Small and Micro-enterprises, Unrelated to 3 0 9 Growing/Processing Agricultural Products

127. The number of institutional support services and other infrastructure facilities in the Suvli subproject area is as follows.

27

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Table 12: Institutional support facilities in Suvli Subproject Area25

No Name Quantity 1 Housing and public utilities department 0 2 Private Houses 1,287 State and public enterprises /institutions/organizations 3 Flour mill 0 4 Branch of petroleum storage depot (Nurobod) 1 5 Warehouses (garage) 3 6 Shops 15 7 Outpatient clinics 1 8 Schools 5 9 Kindergartens 6 10 Stadiums 1 11 Sport grounds 5 Roads: 12 Asphalt (km) 54 13 Unpaved (km) 77 14 Bridges 6 15 Drinking water pipeline (km) 8 16 Gas supply pipeline (km) 48 17 Electric power transmission lines (km) 86 18 Communication lines (km) 24

128. Large commercial scale productions of cotton and wheat are based on formal contractual marketing with formal agreed prices at the beginning of the season. Raw cotton is sold to “Ziyaddin Cotton Plant” and wheat is sold to JSC “Aktashdon Flour mill” about 50 km away. The rest of the production is sold in dehkan markets located at varying distances from the producing area. Ziyaddin city – Aktash city 40 km; Ziyaddin city – Mirbazar city 25 km Ziyaddin city – Navoi city 20 km; Ziyaddin city – Samarkand city 150 km.

129. The well-developed transport network in project area, including provincial and national roads aswell as rail road from Kagan to Tashkent facilitates rapid movement of agriculture products from the producer to the external markets simultaneously avail agriculture inputs to the farmers.

25 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility study Report of the Suvli Subproject, 2011 28

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

D. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

D.1 Potential Environmental Impacts

D 1.1 Issues / Concerns Relative to Siting

130. Construction of all the new facilities and repair/ upgrading of existing facilities will be all in the existing lands under the BISA. Expanding or improving of any facility is not a problem as land is available under government ownership vested in the BISA and free from any individual ownership or lease. All these sites being desert lands are more than 10 km away from any residential or commercial areas and not close to areas with any form of human activities. The closest human settlement is more than one km. There are no sensitive ecosystems, protected areas, endemic or threatened species to be impacted due to the project sites. As well, none of the historic, cultural and architectural sites will be impacted.

131. Structural stability of the facilities may be impacted by the geological and soil conditions in the area unless adequate structural stability is incorporated into the design. If adequate safety precautions are not considered accidents may occur due to natural disasters like earthquakes. Possibilities of groundwater effects on the pumping station, particularly on electrical systems, are also a threat unless adequate precautions are taken during the design to incorporate provisions for controlling its depth.

Availability of water

132. Water user conflict may result if irrigation farmers using water downstream of the Suvli intake in the Narpay main canal are affected by reduced supply. The water supply is through Narpay main canal from Karadarya River a branch of the Zarafshan River. The subproject will not cause any conflicts as the rehabilitation of the pumping plant and the machine canal will assure water delivery to the subproject only at the designed capacity allocated from the Narpay canal without adverse impacts on other downstream users as shown below.

133. The Suvli subproject intake canal draws water from the Narpay main canal through a cross regulator, installed at picket 773+50. Figure 5 shows monthly flows at the cross regulator in the Narpay main canal.

29

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Monthly Flows in Narpay Canal from 2004 to 2008 at Picket 773+50 20 18 16

14

/s] 3 12 10 8

Discharge Discharge [M 6 4 2 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Average 1.87 1.21 10.4 12.6 12.1 13.2 14.3 13.4 8.78 8.46 10.3 6.72 Minimum 1.00 0.90 8.00 9.10 8.20 10.1 11.6 10.5 6.60 6.90 7.90 5.60 Maximum 9.00 1.50 12.1 16.3 14.2 15.2 18.2 16.2 11.4 10.9 12.0 7.60

Figure 5: Monthly Flows in Narpay Main Canal at Suvli intake from 2004 to 200826

134. For the Suvli subproject, after rehabilitation irrigation water demand at the system head for 5,600 ha is estimated considering the future cropped areas and cropping patterns as shown below: Area Hydro modular Zones. Ц-II-Б Zone Area “a” “b” Percentage Area under hydro modular district II 79% 21% Command area [ha] 4,424 1,176

Crop % of total extent Wheat 34.5% Cotton 45.7% Potato & Vegetables 8.3% Fodder crops 4.6% Gardens, mulberry & other tree crops 5.8% Vineyards 1.2% Home Gardens 0.0% Double crops 29.8% Total (i.e. Cropping Intensity) 129.9%

135. Monthly variations in the irrigation demand based on above cropping pattern are shown in Figure 6.

26 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Suvli subproject, 2011 30

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Suvly Sub Project

Monthly Irrigation Demand Irrigation Demand [mcm]Demand Irrigation

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Irrig Demand 0,00 2,84 6,74 4,10 6,60 9,05 16,47 16,67 7,16 6,36 3,25 0,57

Figure 6: Monthly Irrigation Demands in Suvli subproject27

136. A comparison of Narpay main canal flow at the Suvli intake with irrigation demand for the Suvli Scheme after rehabilitation (average flow in m3/s) is made for average flow conditions computed in m3/s as follows.

16

14

12

10 Narpay flow at intake 8 (m3/s) Suvli irrigation demand 6 (m3/s) 4

2

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jury Aug Sep Oct Nov

Figure 7: Narpay canal flow at the intake and irrigation demand for the Suvli28

27 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Suvli subproject, 2011 28 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Suvli subproject, 2011 31

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Table13: Narpay canal flow at the Suvli intake and irrigation demand for the Suvli29

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jury Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Narpay flow at 1.87 1.21 10.4 12.6 12.1 13.2 14.3 13.4 8.78 8.46 10.3 6.72 Intake (m3/s)

Suvli demand 0 1.10 2.60 1.58 2.55 3.49 6.35 6.43 2.76 2.45 1.25 0.22 (m3/s)

137. The maximum demand of 16.6 million m3 (i.e., 6.43 m3/s) that occurs in August is very much less than the average water availability of 34.9 million m3 (i.e., 13.4 m3/s) in Narpay main canal at Suvli intake. Moreover about 80% of the demand is now drawn and additional abstraction after rehabilitation will be only about 20% of the full demand. Further, the original design of the Narpay canal was to meet the full supply of Suvli demand. Therefore, the flows in the Narpay main canal will be sufficient for water intake to irrigate the Suvli subproject area.

138. Knowledge of irrigation water quality is critical to understanding management for long-term productivity. Table 11 shows the chemical composition of water at Suvli intake canal from the Narpay main canal measured during 2007-2010 period. A specific feature of the hydro-chemical regime is salinity levels and chemical composition moderately fluctuating during the year. During high water flows, water in the Narpay main canal is generally soft, while during low water flows, it is moderately hard.

Table 14: Salinity and chemical composition of water at Suvli intake canal30

Solid Sampling Year residue, HCO3 SO4 Cl Ca Mg Na+K month (g/l) July 0.588 0.311 0.042 0.192 0.08 0.048 0.054 2007 February 0.746 0.329 0.049 0.288 0.08 0.072 0.066 July 0.654 0.323 0.046 0.288 0.08 0.072 0.062 2008 February 1.136 0.353 0.060 0.528 0.12 0.108 0.083 July 0.588 0.311 0.042 0.192 0.08 0.048 0.059 2009 February 0.828 0.346 0.053 0.336 0.10 0.084 0.050 July 0.604 0.311 0.039 0.192 0.08 0.006 0.029 2010 February 1.256 0.366 0.089 0.624 0.16 0.120 0.084

139. The mineralization values are less than 1, except in February, indicating very low mineralization level and water is satisfactory for irrigation. Even the February values are just on the lower limit of moderate mineralization category of 1 – 3 g/l. Irrigation water with

29 Based on Figure 5 and 6 30 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Suvli subproject, 2011 32

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject less than 3 g/l is acceptable for irrigation according to MAWR classification. Also the other chemical parameter values do not restrict the use of water for irrigation purposes.

D.1.2 Issues, Concerns Relative to Design

140. If the design of facilities is inadequate issues related to health and safety of the pump house workers due to poor working conditions and unsafe working areas in the pump stations may arise.

141. At present, health and safety of workers at the pump station is at risk. Present staff facilities are inadequate and have been neglected in the original design. There do not appear to be any dedicated staff changing rooms, washrooms or toilets, staff either having to use a small unsanitary pit toilet. In the pump station, there is a clear danger of exposure of personnel to electrocution from working in areas that are persistently wet or flooded in combination with poorly maintained high voltage electrical equipment that is used to drive the pump motors. Drainage from these areas is inadequate and the floor of the building ponds water.

142. Inadequate designs may result in pollution of water by oil spilled in the pump house. Currently, spilt machine lubricating oil is not separated and this is returned to the Primary Canal whenever the pump station drainage pumps are switched on. Oil and water separators are required to be retrofitted to the pump stations.

143. The canal water is highly turbid with a dark greyish black colour resulting from the acquisition of colloidal soil particles. Fine abrasive sand is also present and is responsible for wearing the pump impellers. Also contained within the water and responsible for its dark colour are silt particles which continue on through the pumps and are delivered to the upper areas. Therefore reduction of silt and sand at the pump intake by suitable options is important to ensure the pump life.

144. The maximum irrigation demand occurs from June to October annually and the maximum and minimum source canal flows during this period are 60.6 and 13.0 m3/s respectively and corresponding sediment loads in the Narpay main canal are 1,430 and 70 g/m3 of the river flow. Assuming bulk density of 1.3 g/cm3, and suspended sediment at 70% of total sediment load in the source canal, the total estimated inflow of sediment in intake canal with the inflow of 6 m3/s is 449 m3/day. Therefore provisions must be made in the design to settle and remove this volume of sediments.

145. Rising main if installed in salinized soils/water logged areas, their durability will be reduced. If adequate canal crossings are not incorporated problems may arise,

146. The mechanical and electrical equipment in the pumping stations appears to have been poorly maintained which is probably due to a combination of lack of training in maintenance procedures and lack of budget. Inability to maintain the equipment will shorten their life. Therefore, inadequate procurement requirements specified during the design may result in purchase of electrical and mechanical equipments without adequate training leading to poor O&M and threat to sustainability of the operations. Also equipments with prohibited chemicals, such as transformers with PCB may be purchased unless that is prohibited in the bidding documents.

147. Failure to Incorporate the EMP requirements in the bidding / contract documents and requirement to follow the EMP by the Contractors will lead to inability to mitigate environmental impacts during the construction period. Similarly, inadequate bidding 33

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject documents without mention to evaluation based on Contractor‟s CEMP as well as evaluation of contractors without due consideration to their CEMP and previous experience with EMPs may result in selection of environmentally irresponsible contractor.

D.1.3 Project Alternatives

148. There are few alternatives to the rehabilitation of the pump stations and the ancillary support facilities. The “zero alternative” of not carrying out the rehabilitation would be the progressive failure of the equipment and the structures until the system is unable to continue to supply water to the farmers. This would have a devastating social impact which would affect the livelihoods of farmers and agricultural workers attached to the land for permanent employment as well as a large number of people employed as seasonal workers, especially during harvesting of cotton. Further that would remove production from 5,600 ha. The decline of the pump system would also affect the water supplies for those households dependant on canal flow.

149. The consequences of not carrying out the maintenance would create a major social disturbance as no expansion of irrigable areas is foreseen within other areas of the country; and the ability to resettle these farmers within existing irrigation areas would not be possible. The closure of the pump station would now mean that 84.93 mcm3 of water would now be available to the lower areas. This could be used to recreate another irrigation area or the water could be released as an environmental flow to assist in improving the environmental health of the Zarafshan River. Overall, the hydrological situation has been so changed that while downstream water quality and quantity may be slightly improved and the redirection of this water would only create a minor improvement on the river hydrology. Further, the Zarafshan River is fully dry at the lower reaches of the river before joining the Ambudharya River and improvement of river flow is impossible even with the zero project alternatives.

150. Impacts of the proposed subproject would be mainly beneficial. Consequent to rehabilitation, decreased incidence of operational failures and uninterrupted water supply will enable adequate irrigation and increased agricultural productivity. At present only about 3,470 ha is irrigated and on completion of the proposed rehabilitation of the subproject, the entire command area of 5,600 ha could be irrigated enabling the rural agriculture based communities to benefit from increased crop yield and farm incomes. For the subproject, Average weighted Bonitate value under the current conditions in Suvli subproject is 47.5. However, “with project” scenario average prospective weighted Bonitate value will be about 52.

D.1.4 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Construction

151. Disruption of Irrigation Supplies Construction work for Rehabilitation of the pumping stations may take about 24 months while the canals structures may take about 12 months. If the work is not carefully planned in coordination with water users, disruptions may occur to the irrigation water supply. This may also lead to crop loss and reduced income for farm dependant people. However, such impacts would arise only if major work is extended beyond the off season to the summer period despite scheduled to complete within the off-season. Pump station repairs could totally stop the water supply to the entire subproject area if all the pumps are stopped during the growing 34

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject season (i.e. beyond the off season), whereas repairs to the machine canals during summer would make issue of water further beyond such repairing places impossible in the machine canal.

152. Removal and disposal of debris will cause impacts unless it is well planned. For instance, environmental issues may arise at the Suvli pump station where replacement of the pump foundations and work to re-establish the pump house floor will yield reinforced concrete waste. Some of the floor waste will be impregnated to various degrees with lubricating oil. The old pumps, motors and electrical equipment will have a salvage value and will probably be re-used as spare parts for other pumping stations. Care is needed if any replacing transformer or electrical equipment includes Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).31 Otherwise that may lead to adverse impacts.

153. Reconstruction of the canals will require the de-silting of canals which may yield large amount of silt. The sections for de-siltation and volumes will be finalized during the detailed design by the turn key contractors. Repairs to the concrete lined canals will result in concrete waste. All of the waste will need to be disposed of to meet acceptable disposal practices and PNPC recommendations on waste disposal.

154. There is hardly any need for removal of trees for canal rehabilitation and if indiscriminate removal of trees along the canals and during clearing of sites is practiced that may create adverse impacts

155. Considering the type of work to be completed, construction plants of the project would include the following: Works Construction plants of the project Excavation, levelling and Bull dozers, excavators, trucks for spoil/equipment backfilling, etc. transportation Construction Concrete mixing plant, trucks for construction materials transportation

156. Exhaust gas emanating from the above automobiles (i.e. 2 bull dozers, 4 excavators, 8 trucks, and one Concrete mixing plant) can be estimated (based on emission model)32 as follows: Gases Exhaust gas quantity (kg/day of running) HCHO 0,6698 x 10-3 CO 58 x 103 CO2 5 x 10-3 NO2 2,9 x 10-3 SO2 0,2 x 10-3

157. At these levels, emissions into the open air, where air quality is good (air pollution index in Samarkand city is 1.83 that can be characterized as low and in 2009 the emissions from industries and vehicles was estimated at 105,000 tons), it is not likely to impact on the human health when compared to WHO latest guidelines given in table 15 below. Moreover, even if any localized temporary air quality problem, it is unlikely to impact adversely on communities as all the work sites are remote from any human

31 Polychlorinated biphenyls are mixtures of man-made chemicals and due to their non-flammability, chemical stability, and high boiling point have been used extensively as insulators. Polychlorinated biphenyls are highly stable, toxic and persistent chemicals. Their manufacture, processing and use have now been banned in many countries. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008: Available: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm. 32 The values were estimated for the same combination of machines by Anycon Private Consulting Ltd for the Do Son Water Supply Project of Vietnam, Feasibility Study 2008. 35

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

settlements.

Table 15: WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines33 Averaging Guideline value in Period mg/m3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 24-hour 125 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 20 (guideline) 10 minute 500 (guideline) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1-year 40 (guideline) 1-hour 200 (guideline) Particulate Matter PM10 1-year 70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline) 24-hour 150 (Interim target-1) 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline) Particulate Matter PM2.5 1-year 35 (Interim target-1) 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline) 24-hour 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline) Ozone 8-hour daily 160 (Interim target-1) maximum 100 (guideline)

158. Noise during construction stage is mainly generated from construction plants and trucks transporting construction materials to the sites and excavated materials for disposal. The sources of the noise will be far from residential areas.

Table 16: Expected rate of noise generated from traffic vehicles and plants used for construction (dBA) is as follows34 Types of vehicles Noise rate at locations Expected rate of noise Expected rate of and plants which are 1m apart from the at locations which are noise at locations source (dBA) 10m apart from the which are 20m apart source (dBA) from the source approximate Average (dBA)

Bull dozer 93,0 73,0 67,0 Grader 72,0 74,0 54,0 47,9 Excavator 72,0 – 84,0 78,0 58,0 52,0 Truck 82,0 – 94,0 88,0 68,0 62,0 Concrete mixer 75,0 – 88,0 81,5 61,5 55,4

General EHS guidelines by World Bank indicate the allowable limit in residential, institutional and educational areas at 55 dBA at day time (7.00 – 22.00 hr) 45 dBA at night (22.00 - 7.00 hr); in commercial and industrial areas 70 dBA for day and night35

33 World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.PM 24-hour value is the 99th percentile;; 2 Interim targets are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines. 34 The values were estimated for the machines by Anycon Private Consulting Ltd for the Do Son Water Supply Project of Vietnam, Feasibility Study 2008 35 IFC WB 2009. Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 36

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

159. In the subproject area, there are no settlements within or close to the irrigation system. All the work sites (pump house and machine canals) are many kilometres away from human settlements. Noise, vibration and dust from construction activities are unlikely to cause any public nuisance due to remoteness of all the sites. However the workers can be affected by such impacts unless protective devices are provided to them. In the absence of other air polluting sources in the area, emissions from the limited number of equipments and vehicles are unlikely to impact on the ambient air quality.

160. Transport of Material and Equipment. The equipment/ machines to be used in the project would involve about 2 bull dozers, 4 excavators, 8 trucks, a concrete mixing plant and other equipments to be installed such as pumps. Except the trucks, others have to be brought to the site once and then the construction machinery be taken away on completion of work. Equipments and machines would be brought to the Navoi city through the national railway from Tashkent and then transported along the Navoi – Samarqand highway to the access road (28 km) of the Suvli project (see Figure 2). There will be no additional issue related to transport using large trucks in this low-traffic highway, where haulage of heavy loads is normal, particularly due to industrial mining in the Navoi area.

161. Most of the construction materials to be brought to the site will be cement, sand and gravel, crushed rocks, brick, configured steel and reinforcement steel, ready mix concrete, etc., which are available in the Navoi local market being in an industrial city and can be brought along the Navoi- Samarqand highway. Within the project area, including the access road from the highway, movement of vehicles will not cause adverse effect due to the remoteness of these roads dedicated for the irrigation project. All project sites are readily accessible due to supervision roads along the machine canals. As such, there will be no need for temporary access roads as all the rehabilitation work are within existing facilities with access facilities. The type of equipment to be carried along the canal supervision roads is passable along them. Even if some road sections are deteriorated, reformation of supervision road is a part of the contract work and therefore unlikely to impact on vehicle transportation.

162. All borrow areas and disposal areas will be within the project area in very remote locations. As such no any significant impacts due to transport of material and equipment is anticipated. However, adequate precautions are recommended if they have to use any other roads, particularly unpaved roads close to human settlements, to eliminate any potential adverse impacts due to transport such as dust, traffic congestion, air pollution, etc.

163. Quantity of domestic waste generated by construction workers can be estimated based on maximum number of workers during construction stage (about 100 workers). Estimated quantity of solid waste generated is about 50kg/day on the basis of 0.5kg/capita/day and with the assumption that workers are allowed to have meals on site. The workers will be concentrated at the pump house attending to the pump house rehabilitation. Also some workers will attend to canal work depending on the place under repair at a given time. This quantity of solid waste is not much and could be collected and treated by the Contractor. Poorly managed sewage, wastewater, and solid (particularly organic) and hazardous wastes may generate door that will be unpleasant and may pollute water bodies, if not properly disposed.

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

164. Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants may pollute water resources and soil unless good practices are followed. During construction stage, oil may leak from maintenance of machines and vehicles. According to Technical specifications, quantity of oil disposed from construction machines is about 10 litters in each time of maintenance and this new oil will be replaced after 3-6 months. If there are 5 machines for construction, the quantity of disposed oil may be from 10-15 litter/month. Disposed machine oil is considered as a toxic waste (code: A3020, Basel: Y8). If there is not a proper management regarding collection of used oil and its disposal, leaking oil may cause serious pollution to soil and groundwater in the construction sites. Work site likely to impact mostly, if good practices are not followed, is the pump station. The storage of fuel and lubricants will be in an area designated by the CE close to the pump station as bare lands are available.

165. Most of materials required will be cement, sand and gravel, crushed rocks, brick, configured steel and reinforcement steel, etc., which may have to be stored temporarily. There will be no direct impacts due to resources extraction, particularly quarrying, if purchase from the licenced dealers because they operate with permits from relevant authorities. Also large amount of earth and sand available along the canal banks from the excavated and de-silted matter.

166. If outside labour is brought to the site, there will be a need for labour camps and they may impact the environment if there is no proper disposal of waste and allow conflicts to develop with local communities. Also health hazards are likely if they are not provided with adequate health facilities and awareness on communicable diseases are neglected. However, need for the labour camps depend on the availability of local labour. In the region, unemployment is very high and requirements for labour camps may be much less than 100 labourers. Within the project, space for labour camps is not a problem and that would also be kilometres away from settlements.

167. The rehabilitation impacts will be localised to the pumping stations and parts of the machine canal system. The impacts will be short term and are easily mitigated by addressing the EMP requirements. Rehabilitation works will be carried out by contractors they should be responsible for implementing the EMP during the construction phase,

. D.1.5 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Operation

168. During operation, including the defects liability period, the main issues will arise due to inadequate maintenance of the rehabilitated infrastructure; inability to ensure worker health and safety requirements, and poor maintaining and monitoring of water quality. If oil and water separators in the pump house are not well-maintained water quality will be impacted.

169. Failure to ensure sustainable maintenance of rehabilitated infrastructure including the pump stations, the canals and drainage structures will not only reduce the irrigated area and crop yields but also the productivity of land. It is also important to raise Bonitate value with adequate agronomic and cultural practices at farm level to reap the benefits of investment.

170. Also of the great importance to reduce sediment transport into the machine canal, particularly in the lower reaches of the LB canal is to introduce soil stabilization

38

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject measures of mechanical and vegetative techniques in the catchment areas.

171. If safe working conditions are not maintained, accidents and impacts on workers‟ health may result. If sanitary facilities are not properly maintained for the workers in the pump house; waste management is not appropriate and general cleanliness of the pump house is neglected, then adverse impacts may result on the health of workers as well as on the environment.

172. Impacts on downstream water uses of the Narpay canal may result if the maximum water abstraction at the Suvli intake exceeds the design capacity of 6 m3/s. This is highly unlikely as the installed pump capacity could not exceed the design capacity as well as the irrigation canal system could not carry more than the designed discharge. Also no any expansion of irrigated area beyond its original command area is possible in future.

D.2 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts

173. In this IEE Report the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans are provided and they consist of the following;

(i) the identification of impacts for each activity; (ii) the mitigation measures to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels; (iii) the monitoring measures to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures; (iv) Mitigation measures recommended by the PNPC while granting the environmental clearance for the subproject; (v) responsibilities for undertaking (a) the mitigation measure and (b) for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measure, and (vi) cost of (a) the mitigation measure and (b) the cost of monitoring the measure.

174. Activities and responsibilities are identified for the project phases of pre- construction, construction and operation. A matrix of the EMP is attached as Annex A. All of the measures would be well understood by Project Managers and competent contractors and would be considered as conforming to Best Practices in Construction and Workplace Health and Safety.

D.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Designs

175. The pre-construction phase provides the opportunity to evaluate the original EMP and plan its implementation. This includes the checking of the design requirements that have been allocated to the Design Engineers and ensuring that the EMP conditions are transferred to the bid and contract documents. The Safeguards Officer of the PMU with the guidance of the Environmental Specialists will arrange to transfer those activities which are the responsibility of the Design Engineer to a Design Brief. During pre- construction, the safeguard officer will extract the EMP construction activities and arrange to include these activities into the bid and contract requirements. The Design Engineer will be responsible for including these requirements in the redesign of the pump stations and rehabilitation of other facilities. It will be the Project Manager‟s responsibility to ensure that the capital cost is carried into the overall subproject budget.

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

176. Incorporation of Health and Safety Requirements. Basic staff facilities need to be provided at the pump station, including; a staff changing area, a place to take meals and relax, washrooms and proper toilets (water-seal toilets with cess pits covered with concrete) and satisfactory fire protection measures.

177. Mitigation to eliminate risk of electrocution at the pump house should include raised walkways to lift the workers above possible wet floor, improvement to the drainage pumps and provision of electrical equipment that is designed to operate in damp environments. It would be a requirement that:

(i) The Design Engineer improve the drainage system and design a raised walkway system together with safety railings and provide safety guards to all exposed equipment; (ii) An electrical engineer will need to redesign an electrical system that meets internationally acceptable safety standards for high voltage pump stations which would include the provision of electrical grounding and fused circuit breakers. Protection relays will be required, including earth (grounding) protection to shut off the power supply in case of short circuit or earth fault. All of these measures will eliminate danger of electrocution. Procurement specifications will include these requirements and the cost of supplying these measures will be incorporated within the cost of the supplied equipment.

178. Development of a Worker Safety Plan. Considering the risks associated with working in the pump houses, a Worker Safety Plan (WSP) needs to be developed and implemented. The safeguard officer together with the design engineer will be responsible for developing the Worker Safety Plan (WSP). The WSP will need to be compliant with the Uzbekistan Labour Code.

179. Provision of oil and water separators if water in the primary canal is likely to carry more than 0.5 mg/l, procedures developed for their maintenance will be the Design Engineer‟s responsibility. In such a case, it is required to ensure that the oil and water separators are included in the redesign of pump station.

180. Adherence to Construction Norms and Regulations. The project area is in a seismic zone categorized 7-8 on Richter Scale and Design for anti-seismic activities in accordance with construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 “Civil Works within the seismic areas” must be followed. Also design according to CNR 2.01.03-96 and 3.04.02-97 “Corrosion Protection of buildings” to prevent effects on the quality of groundwater should be considered.

181. Reduction of sand at pump intakes. Entering of fine particles into pumps lead to wearing with abrasive effects and thereby reduced life time of pumps. Therefore settlement of sediments before pumping using appropriate devices such as effective sediment basins and/or developing flow conditions for sedimentation velocities along adequate canal stretches to minimize the sand inflow into pumps will have to be incorporated into the designs.

182. Protection of rising mains in salinized areas and water logged areas. In salinized soils and high water table areas, buried rising mains are easily corroded reducing their life time and project sustainability. In such areas laying of rising mains on the ground and/or protection with protective coatings will have to be considered.

183. Provision of canal crossings. Some of the canal crossings (bridges) are deteriorated and need repair. During detail design, need for any additional crossings

40

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject must be formalized with the WUAs. The safeguard officer is to arrange meetings with WUAs to formalize the crossings with the WUAs. While both heavy and light pedestrian crossings will be required, the number of heavy traffic crossings is probably satisfactory. There will be a need for light traffic crossings to service settlements that have grown up since the canal was originally installed. Both types of crossings will need to be evaluated. The design engineer is to incorporate the requirements for additional canal crossings in the pre-construction work program so that this is included as an item in the bid specifications. The safeguard officer is to monitor the program.

184. Procurement Requirements. It is recommended that at the time of procurement that the bid includes the cost of a training program for both the mechanical and electrical equipment. The training program should be repeated at least yearly until it is shown that the maintenance staff is thoroughly familiar with essential maintenance and repair procedures.

185. No switching equipment will be supplied with PCBs. Manufacture of PCBs is now banned under the Stockholm Convention. In accordance with the ban, the ADB will not approve the purchase of any equipment that contains PCBs or any of the other persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The project manager and design engineer will be responsible for the inclusions of these requirements in the procurement specifications.

186. Incorporation of EMP conditions in the Bid and Contract Documents. Experience shows that sometimes inadequate application of the EMP may occur due to weak linkages with the contract document. The EMP is a part of the work program and as such it must be addressed by the contractor and carried out as required. If the EMP is not satisfactorily addressed then subproject sustainability will suffer and unsafe health and working conditions will result. This is mitigated by ensuring that the EMP is attached to the Bid Documents as a condition of the bid and to the Contract as a requirement of the contract. The design engineer and project manager will ensure that the EMP is attached as a condition of the bid and then again as a requirement of the contract.

187. Selection of contractor. The contractor will be required to provide a short statement of the following to support his bid:

(i) that the EMP conditions have been costed into the bid price; (ii) prior experience in working with an EMP; (iii) the person/s responsible in the contractor‟s team for meeting the environmental compliance requirements of the EMP have been included;

188. During bid evaluation, above strengths will be evaluated in the selection of the contractor. Should the contractor not provide these details, the bid is judged to be non- compliant with the bid requirements and the bid rejected. The project manager and safeguard officer are to be members of the bid evaluation panel. The safeguard officer will provide an assessment of the contractor‟s environmental capability.

D.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction

189. The contractor may only commence work after (i) the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (SEE or Gosecoexpertisa ) has approved the IEA36 and

36 The IEE will need to be translated into Russian and reformatted to meet the SEE requirements for a IEA report of Category 3 projects under GoU regulations This will be arranged by the National Environmental Specialists with the PMO. 41

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject issued the consent to commence work [This approval has already been granted and a copy of certificate with English translation is given in Annex-D] and (ii) the ADB have sited that SEE consent, and have also approved the IEE.

190. Several contractors and sub-contractors may be involved in the work. The EMP will apply equally to all subcontractors and it will be the main contractor‟s responsibility to ensure that all subcontractors abide by the EMP. The Project Supervising Engineer (CE) will ensure that all contractors are issued with a copy of the EMP conditions.

191. The following Construction related activities/ issues have to be dealt with by the Contractor: (i) Public awareness; (ii) Induction of contractor to the site; (iii) Removal of trees along the canals, if required, and clearing of sites; (iv) Loss of livelihood caused by the interruption to irrigation supply; (v) Excavation; (vi) Removal and disposal of debris; (vii) Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants; (viii) Transport of machinery, equipments and material; (ix) Rehabilitation of access roads (x) Noise from construction activities; (xi) Dust; (xii) Worker health and safety; (xiii) Solid and liquid waste management; (xiv) Rehabilitation and closing of construction sites on completion of work;

192. Rehabilitation of the pumping stations may take 24 months while the canals and drainage structures may take 12 months. Work will need to be carefully planned so that disruption to the irrigation water supply during the cropping season is minimised.

193. The contractor will have initial responsibility for the supervision and monitoring of construction activities and will use the construction EMP as the reference for establishing these conditions. Accordingly the CEMP addresses the situation as if contractors are being employed for the majority of the work while smaller work such as de-silting of the canals will probably be undertaken by manual labour.

194. The overall responsibility for the completion of the work and direction of the contractor to meet the EMP requirements will be the responsibility of the Construction Engineer of the Project Management Consultants supported by the Monitoring Engineer of the PMO. They will be supported by the Safeguards Office (SO). The contractor will have his own representative on site – the Site Engineer (SE) who will be responsible for implementing the contract and complying with the CEMP.

195. The contractor will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measures. The contractor will in turn be supervised by the CE assisted by the safeguard officer.

196. Public Awareness. The rehabilitation of the pump station and water distribution facilities has the potential to cause disruption to the farmers‟ water supply if major rehabilitation activities extend beyond the off season to the growing season or the summer. While farmers have been advised of the subproject during the initial public consultation, a secondary round of public consultation needs to be undertaken prior to construction commencing so that farmers may be advised of the work schedule and how it may affect them. Secondary consultation needs to be arranged as early as possible so 42

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject that farmers are aware of the work and may make informed decisions as to how the work may affect their farming operations. Once the construction schedule and plan of operations has been prepared and before the contractor moves to site, the subproject will need to arrange the public awareness program with the farmers to advise them of the works schedule. Farmers will require adequate notice before any planting season so that if there is likelihood of reduced crop areas they can act accordingly and adjust the purchase of inputs and supply quotas to reflect these changes.

197. Consultation required for the public awareness program is to be arranged as early as possible. The awareness program will outline the rehabilitation work to be undertaken and the construction schedule. The organisation of the awareness program will be the responsibility of the project manager and Environmental Monitoring Unit (EMU) of PMU. The costs of meeting the awareness program will be from the budget of PMU.

198. Induction of contractor to site. Following the selection of the contractor and approvals from State Ecological Expertise (SEE or Gosecoexpertisa)37 and ADB, the contractor or the contractor‟s Site Engineer and person responsible for supervising/ implementing the CEMP are to attend a meeting at the site. At this meeting the EMP conditions will be outlined to the contractor so that there would be no confusion as to the requirements of complying with the EMP. After the contractor is clear about complying with the EMP requirements, the safeguard officer will advise the CE that the contractor can now commence work.

199. Removal of trees along the canal/ work sites.. If any necessity arises to remove any tree on the canal bank, the contractor must inform the CE to obtain permission from the National Protection Committee (Samarkand office)/ Hokimiy. The contractor will be responsible for advising the CE where trees are to be removed. The safeguard officer will arrange for the NPC to visit the site and approve the removal of the trees. Following any removal of trees, the contractor will arrange for new trees to be replanted. If the work is being done outside normal tree establishment times the contractor will inform the CE. When conditions are suitable the contractor will arrange to return to the area and complete the tree planting program. The contractor is to provide a guarantee to the Zarafshan BISA to maintain the trees for the first two years. The Zarafshan BISA will be entitled to withhold payments to the contractor until the trees are properly established.

200. Disruption to irrigation water supply caused by the rehabilitation of the pumping stations and canals. It is unlikely that all of the rehabilitation could be carried out during the non-pumping season that coincides with the non-summer months. Work inside the pump stations should be scheduled during this time but outside work and especially work in the canals may be seasonally challenging to complete all work during the winter period. Since farmers are dependent on the water and have quotas to meet, such work within summer will have to be carefully planned to avoid affecting water supplies.

201. If any canal section is likely to be out of action for an unreasonable time alternative by-pass structures will need to be constructed so that water continues to be carried to the downstream of the canal to minimize the loss of supply and the effect that this will have on production. However, during the installation of the new pumps and renovation of the old pump house, the irrigation water supply can be totally stopped if carried out in summer. Therefore. limiting of such work to off-season and if it is unavoidable during summer, non-attendance to closure of all pumps at once but one by

37 This approval from SEE has already been obtained for the Suvli subproject 43

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject one may be a possibility. The contractor and the CE will be responsible for meeting these requirements.

202. Excavation of sites and opening of borrow pits. Canal repairs will require material to be excavated or brought in to site for the following; (i) raise the height of the canal support embankments, improve inspection roads; and sediment removal from the canals. It is recommended that required material be excavated from the large deposits that already exist alongside the canals and along sections of the inspection road. This would improve the area‟s aesthetics, accessibility along the inspection road and surface drainage. Otherwise borrow pits will need to be opened. Approval of borrow pit areas will be made by the CE and safeguard officer and will meet any SEE requirements. Any borrow pits that have been opened must be closed on the completion of work, which includes rehabilitation of the area to landscape the site and ensure that the area drainage pattern is not impeded. The site is not to be left in an erodible condition.

203. Where the rising main is to be excavated all excavated materials are to be stockpiled alongside the excavated trench and replaced after the pipelines have been laid. The contractor will be required to rehabilitate and landscape the area, and ensure that the area drains correctly. Some excavation may be required at the pump house intake area which will yield small quantities of material. This material will be removed, stockpiled and replaced after the suction pipes have been laid. The contractor and the CE will be responsible for meeting these requirements. For any quarrying of fine and coarse material, approvals should be obtained from the PNPC and the Ministry of Geology. The Contractor will ensure that approvals are obtained for opening any borrow -pits.

204. Removal and disposal of debris. Concrete together with steel reinforcing material that is removed from the pumping stations and canals will need to be disposed of in suitable areas. Material that has been removed should not be discarded and left lying around. In discussions with the Zarafshan BISA, it was revealed that there is a requirement for large concrete blocks for river bank protection. However any re-use of concrete blocks will need to be considered from the point of view of cost of transport to the river bank area and the quality of the concrete as some of the concrete is impregnated with oil. Otherwise any concrete and reinforcing waste that is low quality and has no obvious potential for re-use will need to be disposed following the recommendations of the CE and Safeguard Officer.

205. The environmental clearance from the PNPC insists on the re-use and recycling of waste considering various categories of waste and that must be adhered to. Any old discharge pipe which needs to be disposed of will have a scrap value and after removal the old pipes can be taken away and sold for scrap value. If the old pumps have no salvage value as spare parts these will need to be disposed of to scrap metal dealers. The factories in Navoi, have a demand for scrap metal. Similarly, there is a market for old electrical wiring and fittings. However, anything that cannot be recycled will need to be taken to a landfill and buried. BISA will need to advise on what their intentions are with regard to the disposal of large items such as the pipes and pumps. These are not to be left lying around and will need to be removed from the site. If BISA do not want to reclaim these materials then the contractor is to arrange for the removal and disposal of all items that have a scrap value.

206. If BISA is to store any of the dismantles parts of the pumps or pipes, they must be stored under conditions similar to that recommended for storage of other material, i.e. on a raised platform with protection from rains and contact with storm runoff, etc., also without impairing the aesthetics of the area. 44

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

207. It will be a requirement that during removal of electrical equipment, the contractor will be required to determine whether PCBs are included in any of the equipment (e.g. transformers). If this is the case then the PCB affected equipment will need to be disposed of to meet SEE requirements. In fact, the Uzbekistan has developed “Sanitary Norms and Rules”, under which all types of waste including hazardous waste is classified. PNPC will advise the required method of disposal for such categories of waste. Contractor must consult the PNPC through SO and CE to obtain their recommendation of disposal for various categories of waste and employ the companies registered for handling such waste in Uzbekistan (such licenced companies are already in operation in the Navoi, where industrial waste is an issue) to dispose them.

208. Landfill sites to dispose of materials will need to be located and prepared. Sites should be located outside the irrigated areas and above the water table. Though the lands belong to the government, approval should be sought. The site will need to be prepared by removing the topsoil which should be put to one side and the pit excavated. After dumping is completed the debris in the pit is compacted, earth re-spread and then top soil replaced, the site landscaped and the area allowed to re-vegetate.

209. Landfill sites can be identified by the contractor but in all cases the safeguard officer and CE will need to approve all landfill sites and ensure that these are compliant with SEE requirements. The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining approvals from the hokimiyat (local government) for opening any landfill sites. Approvals are to be sited by the CE and safeguard officer before the contractor opens any landfill sites.

210. Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants. The required concrete for rehabilitation of the pump house and canals will probably be mixed by hand on site. Construction materials that will be brought to site include sand, gravel and cement for concrete manufacture, reinforcing rods and steel mesh, wood and other construction materials, paint and thinners, fuel and lubricants. Areas will need to be prepared for storing these materials. Fuel and oil will need to be stored in dedicated areas at least 20 m away from a water course. Where more than 5000 litres of fuel is stored on site, the fuel must be stored in sealed tanks that are provided with a concrete base that is bunded to hold 110% of the tank capacity. Vehicles and machinery are not to be refuelled near the canals. The contractor must have trained his personnel in correct fuel handling procedures and techniques for cleaning up accidental spills. All waste oil, oil and fuel filters are to be collected and disposed of to meet best industry practices. At the closure of the site all contaminated soil is to be excavated, removed and replaced with fresh topsoil. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard office

211. Storage of material and equipments must also be in safe locations at least 20 m away from water sources or any other sensitive areas. In storage of other material/ equipment, adequate precautions must be taken to avoid any leaking of oil or other contaminants, contamination of storm runoff, etc. Also in case of material which are likely to impair air quality or subject to wind blowing, such material should be stored under cover. Not only the storage areas should be above the ground elevation but should not impede the local drainage pattern. Accidental spill handling action (contingency) plans must be in place with the contractor. On completion of work, all such sites should be cleaned and top soil should be removed and properly disposed, if it is likely to have been contaminated.

212. Transportation of material and equipments Construction material and equipments would be transported from nearby towns of Navoi or Samarqand to the project area through the highway and then on the dedicated irrigation project roads. If 45

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject there is any borrow sites as well as disposal areas that will be within the project area. There is a very good road system from the towns to the irrigation subproject. Similarly, the machine canal has its maintenance/supervision road. As the road network within the subproject is already available, there is no need for any access roads. Moreover, all the sites have existing facilities with ready access and the project is only a rehabilitation of existing facilities.

213. If the contractor‟s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass through local roads (other than those identified in the IEE) impacts may arise. When vehicles have to pass residences that are located beside unpaved roads dust may become a nuisance to roadside dwellers. Therefore adequate precautions, such as watering, speed limitations, use of well-maintained vehicles and carrying material under tarpaulin cover are recommended. Also it is recommended to avoid transportation during peak hours and in congested areas. If any damages are made to roads or bridges due to transport, contractor must repair them in consultation with the relevant authorities.

214. Noise from construction activities. The project sites are more than one km away from houses and therefore noise generating equipments like jack hammers used to break up concrete will not be a serious inconvenience to people separated by long distance. However, noise will be a particular issue for workers who may be operating this equipment. Workers and operators of noisy equipment will be provided with ear protection while noise suppressors on construction equipment are to be maintained to the manufacturer‟s specifications. These activities will be the contractor‟s responsibility. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

215. Dust. Excavation and construction work may create dusty conditions in (i) the workplace from construction operations and (ii) when contractor‟s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass residences that are located beside unpaved roads. Since there are no houses located within the irrigated area, the overall impact will be minor but the application of best construction practices (BCP) by the contractor will control any problem. When the contractor‟s work aggravates dusty working conditions the contractor will need to control dust by spraying water on the susceptible areas. The contractor will also be required to maintain a record of dust control spraying. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

216. Worker Health and Safety. The contractor will be required to provide a safe working environment, protective equipment, a person trained in first aid and a fully supplied first-aid kit. The contractor will be required to induct all workers to the construction area with a briefing session on workplace hazards and worker safety. A contingency plan must be developed by the contractor for handling major emergencies. The contractor is to keep a record of accidents and time lost from accidents.

217. The contractor will be required to identify work place hazards. The CE, assisted by the safeguard officer will be responsible for ensuring that the contractor has adequately identified the workplace risks and developed a plan to cope with any emergencies. The contractor‟s accident record will form part of the contractor‟s monthly report to the PMO.

218. Solid and liquid waste management. Various quantities of solid and liquid waste will be generated from the construction sites, e.g. metal and timber off-cuts, waste timber formwork, unused gravel and sand deposits and concrete waste etc. Solid waste can be disposed of at approved dump sites identified within the project area. If worker 46

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject facilities are constructed the contractor will need to provide facilities to collect wastes. Such solid waste must be collected in containers with lids for temporary storage and disposed to safe disposal sites at weekly intervals. Wastewater and sewage must be drained into temporary septic tanks dug in areas unlikely to contaminate the groundwater. They must be filled with soil and rehabilitate the area on completion of work. The disposal of solid waste must be in an acceptable place that will be approved by the safeguard officer and CE in agreement with PNPC recommendation. No waste is to be dumped in the canals or intake areas near the river. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer. However, it is important that all waste is disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station.

219. Rehabilitation and closing of construction sites. The contractor will be responsible for cleaning up and disposing of all waste materials and rehabilitating (landscaping) all construction sites and work areas so that these can be returned as close as possible to their previous use. This includes the stabilization and landscaping of all of the construction sites. Any borrow pits that were operated by the contractor are to be reshaped and closed. Any contaminated soil must be removed from fuel and oil storage areas. All old delivery pipes are to be removed. None of the old equipment that has been removed during the refurbishment is to be left at the site. Payment will be withheld from the contractor until all of the sites are satisfactorily cleaned, all old materials removed and the sites satisfactorily rehabilitated. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

D.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation

220. During operation, including the defects liability period, the main issues will be: (i) maintenance of the rehabilitated infrastructure, (ii) ensuring worker health and safety requirements are maintained and (iii) maintaining and monitoring of water quality.

221. The implementation of these procedures will be the responsibility of the Zarafshan BISA Chief Engineer responsible for pump stations. Monitoring of these mitigation measures will be the responsibility of MAWR.

222. Sustainable maintenance of rehabilitated infrastructure based on the site inspection improved maintenance procedures are required for (i) the pump stations and (ii) the canals and drainage structures.

223. Both the mechanical and electrical equipment in the pump stations have in the past been poorly maintained which is probably due to a combination of lack of training in maintenance procedures and lack of an adequate budget. Included in the pre- construction EMP activities, as a procurement requirement, the pumps and electrical equipment are to be supplied with their own maintenance training programs. A record of training programs is to be kept by the Pump Station Manager which shows the type of training carried out, the number of people trained, their position and the length of training. The Pump Station Manager is to send a summary of the training records to the Chief Operations Manager of Zarafshan BISA (Samarkand) every year.

224. The pump operators will also be required to maintain the oil and water separators to ensure that all waste oil that may have entered the pump house drainage system is removed before it is pumped back to the Primary Canal. If the oil cannot be recycled then it is to be disposed of in an approved earth fill. The Pump Station Manager is to ensure that the oil separator is adequately maintained and that staff are familiar with its 47

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject cleaning and operation. BISA will verify that the oil separators are being properly maintained and that staff are familiar with these requirements.

225. Maintenance of the canals and drainage structures will be required to meet both water supply and environmental considerations. Canals will require periodic de-silting to ensure that the channel capacity is maintained. The current practice is to remove the material and dump it directly beside the canal or drainage channel, whereby as it erodes it is able to fall back into the canal or drain. Care needs to be taken in the placement of the de-silted material so that it is not carried back into the structure. A small level berm 1- 2 m wide should be provided at the top of the canal/drain and excavated material can be dumped behind this. Care needs to be taken to ensure that excavated material does not impede surface drainage or the accessibility through the inspection road.

226. During the operation period, sanitary conditions of the pump house and cleanliness must be properly maintained. The cesspits must be periodically empties as required. A dedicated warehouse must be maintained for storage of waste such as mercury pollutants (luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) at the special enterprises. Waste must be disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station either to the regional dump yards, for recycling or reuse.

227. Potential soil fertility is generally estimated at 70-80, but to-date, fertility had lowered by 20-25%. .A package of agricultural and land reclamation measures in the short-run have to be promoted by the MAWR to increased fertility index to reach 70 points. Average weighted Bonitate value under the current conditions in Suvli subproject is 47.5 and “with project” scenario average weighted Bonitate value should be increased to about 52, if the anticipated benefits are to be achieved.

228. Efforts should also be made to reduce transport of eroded sediment into the machine canal from its upper catchment during rains, For his purpose, measures such as vegetative cover, hedge rows, et; mechanical measures such as contour bunds, stabilization of gully channels, etc., should be tested for wide adoption of the best techniques in the long-term.

229. Worker Safety. Based on the field trip observations, worker safety conditions have been neglected. The present work area includes a dangerous mix of unsafe electrical equipment and wet working conditions. These practices need to be improved so as to meet basic Uzbekistan labour standards. A Worker Safety Plan developed as an EMP activity in the pre-construction phase will eed to be implemented and monitored during operation. A record of accidents is to be maintained by the Pump Station Manager.

230. Zarafshan BISA Samarkand responsibilities include: (i) arrange with the suppliers of the mechanical and electrical equipment the implementation of the training programs that are included in the procurement package. (ii) evaluate the impact that the maintenance training programs are having on maintaining the reliability of the mechanical and electrical equipment. (iii) arrange a regular canal and drainage channel maintenance program. (iv) provide sufficient budget to meet regular maintenance requirements for the pump stations and canal works. The Zarafshan BISA pump house management will be responsible for implementing the program. Every month the Pump Station Manager is to send a copy of the Accident Record Report to the Chief Operations manager of the Zarafshan BISA (Samarkand).

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E. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

E.1 Laws and Institutional Roles of GOU

231. The Law on Nature Protection was enabled in 1992 which outlines the legal and institutional requirements for the conservation of the environment and the rational use of natural resources. The law empowers the State Committee for Nature Protection, viz. Goskompriroda, as the agency responsible for implementing the law.

232. The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection, Goskompriroda, was formed in 1988. Goskompriroda is a super-departmental coordinating body and is headed by a Chairman appointed by the Oliy Majlis (i.e. the Parliament). Goskompriroda has a wide scope of activities including assessing and monitoring the environmental resources of the nation, establishing environmental quality standards and monitoring pollution levels of agricultural and industrial production systems, establishment of protected areas and the protection of ecological resources. The basic divisions are available to attend to such functions in the Natural Protection Committee. Environmental assessment is the responsibility of the Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e., Glavgosecoexpertisa) a directorate of Goskompriroda.

233. Guidelines for preparation of the environmental assessment reports and approval (or rejection) of projects on environmental grounds (revealed in the environmental assessment reports) is regulated by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No 491.31.12.2001 on the approval according to the regulations of the State Environmental Expertise. The Regulations stipulates 4 categories of projects as follows: Category 1 - high risk projects; Category 2 – moderate risk projects; Category 3 – low risk projects; and Category 4 – Local impact projects

234. Category -1 and category -2 projects are approved by the Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Glavgosecoexpertisa) at the national level, whereas category -3 and category -4 projects are approved by the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa).

235. Categorization is based on the scale of the proposed activities of the project and the significance of the potential environmental impacts. The scale of the proposed activities considered for different activities are clearly specified38. The subprojects fall under the category - 3 because water projects covering long-distance channel with capacity less than 100 m3/s and manifold with capacity less than 20 m3/s are categorized under category- 3.

236. Category -3 projects needs submission of Initial Environmental Assessment (IEA) report to the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa) for approval. On submission of this report (in Russian Language). They may request for

38 Addition No 152 of 5th June 2009 to the List of activity from specified in the Enclosure №2 to Resolution of Cabinet of Ministry December 31, 2001 № 491 49

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject further information regarding the Environmental Consequences Assessment as well as Specific Norms for Maximum Allowable Pollution Levels [computed based on the country‟s Sanitary Regulations and Norms]. After satisfactory compliance to these requirements, the Gosecoexpertisa will issue the approval of subproject with their conditions if required. The State Inspection of Analytic Control (GosIAK) division within State Natural Protection Committee has all abilities for conducting monitoring. The Departments of GosIAK also exist in the Provencal Nature Protection Committee and they would be responsible for monitoring the project.

237. The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) is the national institution responsible for irrigation and drainage with offices at central, provincial (12) and district level. Since 2003 water management is now based on natural irrigation boundaries with the formation of basin authorities called Basin Irrigation System Administration (BISA). BISAs are contained within the MAWR structure as semi-autonomous organisations. There are 10 BISA organisations and each BISA is further subdivided into (i) canal Administration which looks after the canal systems and (ii) irrigation system administration (ISA) that look after the irrigation areas. The subproject is situated in the Zarafshan BISA which consists of 1 main canal authority and 8 irrigation system organisations.

238. In 1992, the government issued a decree that formed water user associations (WUA). The decree states that I&D infrastructure of the former shirkat becomes the property of the WUA with the inter-farm I&D infrastructure being transferred to the MAWR. The establishment of WUAs to take responsibility for on-farm water management is a critical component of the institutional reforms and reorganisation within the water sector; however, not all WUAs have been fully established due to incomplete legal and regulatory framework.

239. At present, the Republic of Uzbekistan is signatory to the following international conventions and the project activities should not violate any of the condition agreed in the conventions:

(1) Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution (Geneva, 1979); (2) Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna, 1985); (3) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal, 1987); (4) Convention on the Control of Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel, 1989); (5) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in Trans-boundary Context (Espoo, 1991); (6) Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary Water Courses and International Lakes (Helsinki, 1992); (7) Convention on the Trans-boundary Effects of Industrial Accidents (Helsinki, 1992). (8) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (New York, 1992); (9) Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992); (10) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (June 17, 1994) (11) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITEC, Washington, 1997), (12) Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (1995), signed in the Hague in the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 1998)

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(13) Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 2001);

E.2 Responsibilities of Implementing EMP

240. The following organizations will have roles in implementing the IEE and EMP. The State Nature Protection Committee of Samarkand (PNPC) will request the PSEE to (i) form a committee to review the IEA [this procedure is now complete having cleared the IEA reports in January 2011]; and (ii) before construction commences, the PNPC will be requested to approve any tree clearance, if such removal is required along the canals; and review and approve any disposal areas proposed by the PMU/ SO/CE.

241. The MAWR has already formed the Project Management Office (PMO) headed by a Project Manager. The PMO has established an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) which will include a Safeguards Officer supported by a National Environmental Specialist (NES) and an internationally recruited Environmental Specialist (IES). The EMU has started work with the recently awarded two core subprojects and the staff was briefly trained by the IES. As the EMU is not-experienced, further training and guidance would be required to implement the EMP. With completion of IEE reports, the IES would terminate his service and alternate arrangements would be needed for further training and guidance of the inexperienced EMU Staff including the CEs if EMP is to be implemented effectively. During pre-construction, the Design Engineer will work in conjunction with the EMU staff to implement the pre-construction issues of the EMP. During construction the safeguard officer will assist the Project Supervising Engineer (CE) in the implementation of the EMP. As there will be several subprojects being undertaken simultaneously in different locations, the safeguard officer will be assisted by the NES and the IES.

242. The MAWR and BISA - Zarafshan will be responsible for advertising the contract. Prior to the contract being advertised, the EMP is to be attached to the Bid Documents and noted as a requirement in the Conditions of the Contract that states that the EMP is to be addressed by the organization submitting the bid. Zarafshan BISA will be responsible for attaching the EMP to the Bid Document and including the following instruction to bidders in the Conditions of Contract. “The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is attached as a Condition of Contract. The organization submitting the bid must address the following and include this in the bid: (i) include the costs of the environmental management works in the bid and sign a declaration that the bid includes the costs of meeting the EMP requirements (ii) outline previous experience in working with a EMP and (iii) identify the person within the contractor’s team who will be responsible for implementing the EMP conditions”.

243. At the time of Bid Evaluation, the MAWR and the Zarafshan BISA will form a bid evaluation panel. The safeguard officer is to be included in the panel to evaluate the bids with regard to the competence of the contractor‟s environmental capabilities.

Responsibilities of the PMO

244. In addition to the Project Management Consultants‟ Construction Engineer responsible for EMP implementation, the PMO will appoint a Monitoring Engineer to supervise the contractor‟s work. As part of the CE‟s duties the CE will be required to supervise the implementation of the construction EMP. The CE will be responsible for ensuring that every contractor is given a copy of the EMP and for ensuring that no contractor commences work until the EMP has been explained with the contractor by the EMU. Only after the contractor has completed this site induction meeting with the EMU. 51

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The safeguard officer will advise the CE when the safeguard officer is confident that the contractor can comply with the CEMP and he can now commence work. The CE will monitor the contractor‟s compliance with the EMP and the CE will be assisted in this role by the safeguard officer. The safeguard officer will review the application of the EMP by the contractor and will advise the CE of any deficiencies to be remedied by the contractor. However, there is a need to train and guide the newly recruited staff for the recently commenced core-subprojects, if all the expected functions of the EMU are to be achieved and continue for the non-core subprojects. The Project Management Consultants attach the following condition to the CE‟s Terms of Reference. “The Construction Engineer (CE) will be responsible for supervising the implementation of the EMP. The CE will be assisted by the safeguard officer. The CE will be responsible for conveying any instructions from the safeguard officer to the contractor”.

245. The EMU will have the following responsibilities which are required to meet the conditions stipulated in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARP) Report. (i) Ensure that the EMP‟s required mitigation measures to be incorporated during pre-construction are addressed by the Design Engineer within the PMO; (ii) Using the EMP arrange for the construction stage mitigation measures to be extracted from the EMP and attached to the bid document for subproject; (iii) For subproject, ensure that the EMP mitigation measures are included in the bidding document for costing by the contractor and that all necessary regulatory clearances (particularly the PSEE environmental consent approvals) will be obtained before commencing any civil work on the subproject; (iv) For each subproject evaluate the environmental costing and experience of contractors that are provided by the contractors and recommend to the bid evaluation committee the suitability of contractors to comply with the EMP; (v) Using an on-site induction process ensure that contractors understand the EMP and appreciate their compliance responsibilities to mitigate environmental problems associated with their construction activities; (vi) Following the acceptance and acknowledgment of the EMP by the contractor advise the site engineer that the contractor is now cleared to commence work; (vii) Together with the site engineer ensure that during construction, the CEMP is properly implemented; and (viii) Prior to any payment being made to the contractor the EMU will be required to sign off on the completion of the work to meet the EMP conditions; (ix) Prepare annual Environmental Monitoring Report and ensure that the project quarterly report include the progress on implementing EMP or other progress related with environmental conditions as describe in the loan document (Project and loan agreement); (x) Ensure at least once a year joint monitoring of the project activities will be carried out with the relevant PNPC‟s District chief of inspection responsible for project monitoring39

246. Should any change in scope of the project occur, the safeguard officer will be required to evaluate the changes and the effects on the existing environmental assessment including consent approvals so as to comply with ADB‟s safeguards and PSEE requirements. Should any significant adverse effect occur during implementation (e.g. significant oil spill) the EMU will have a duty to inform the PSEE of the event.

39 This was not in the EARF Report but it was recommended by the Safeguard Officer of the ADB Resident Mission in Uzbekistan. 52

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

Responsibilities of the Contractor

247. The Contractor shall submit and present Method statement or contractor‟s EMP (CEMP) to the Construction Supervision Engineer, PMU. This CEMP or the method statements shall be agreed by representatives of the Contractor, MAWR and the PMU in meetings. If requested by the PMU, a meeting shall be held to explain and discuss on method statements with participation of WUA or their representative.

248. The Contractor is responsible for fully and effectively implementing mitigation methods and terms related to Environment specified in Contract documents and following the CEMP submitted to PMU and approved by them.

249. \At the time of bidding the contractor will meet the Conditions of Contract regarding the EMP. During construction the contractor will be responsible for: (i) Attending a site induction meeting before commencing work where the CEMP conditions will be confirmed with the contractor. The EMU will arrange the meeting and only after the safeguard officer is satisfied that the contractor understands and can comply with the CEMP conditions will the safeguard officer approve the contractor commencing work. (ii) The contractor will supervise both his own workers and those of the sub- contractor in implementing the construction related requirements of the CEMP. (iii) The contractor will be responsible for determining whether any PCBs are contained in the electrical equipment to be disposed. If PCBs are present these will be disposed of according to SEE requirements. (iv) The contractor will need to arrange for any permits and approvals to open borrow pits, land fill sites, quarrying of material and any disposal sites. (v) The contractor will appoint a Site Engineer who will be responsible for the daily supervision of the construction activities and monitoring of the works for compliance with both the technical specifications and the CEMP requirements. (vi) The contractor is to advise the CE of any serious environmental breaches, this includes major oil spills.

Responsibilities of the ADB

250. The ADB will have the following responsibilities:

(i) Ensure that the subproject ToR meets EARP requirements (ii) Site the PSEE environmental consent approval of the IEE. (iii) Arrange for the IEE to be posted on the ADB website to meet the public disclosure requirement (iv) Following the review of the IEE, advise the PMO of the WRMSP that the IEE is approved so that the contractor can commence work.

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IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

E.3 Reporting Requirements

251. Each month the Contractor will prepare a brief report on compliance with the CEMP which will be sent to the CE and safeguard officer. The safeguard officer will check the report and attach any additional information such as monitoring and forward the report to the project manager. The project manager will arrange for the monthly report to be (i) copied to the Zarafshan BISA and PNPC Samarkand and (ii) include the report in a quarterly report to the ADB. The contractor will also provide monthly reports on accidents. These reports will be sent to the CE who will forward these to the safeguard officer.

252. During the implementation of the WRMSP, the safeguard officer will submit quarterly reports on the implementation of subproject CEMPs to PMU, PSEE, the MAWR and ADB detailing; (a) compliance with ADB loan covenants and applicable government laws, regulations and requirements; (b) significant events or issues that have been encountered or changes in project scope, and corresponding safeguard measures undertaken, if applicable; (c) summary of monitoring report findings; (d) follow up actions required (if any); and (e) conclusions.

253. Safeguard officer should also submit annual reports on EMP monitoring to the ADB through the PMO and the findings of the joint inspections with District Inspection team of the PNPC must be incorporated into this report.

254. During the operation phase, the Pump Station Manager is to provide the following reports. (i) A monthly report that includes a copy of the Accident Record Report. (ii) A yearly report that summarises the maintenance training programs carried out. Both reports are to be sent to the Zarafshan BISA Chief Operations Manager.\

E.4 Redress Grievance Mechanism

255. Under the Monitoring Engineer of PMO, the Grievances Point Person shall manage the grievances raised during construction. He/she shall be responsible for ensuring the observance of the grievance redress mechanism and for preparing the monthly and annual grievance redress reports.

256. Informally, a complainant can approach or call the PIU, the Contractor or the Operator to raise his/her complaints/concerns. If complaint is not acted on promptly, or if complainant is not satisfied with the resolution undertaken, he/she can call or approach the PMO Office.

257. The Grievance Point Person (GPP) and the Operating Agency (BISA) will be responsible for documenting and registering complaints received during construction and operation, respectively. Other potential complaint recipients shall make sure that the received complaints are documented by, and registered with, the GPP/BISA as soon as possible. The GPP/ BISA shall make sure that documented/registered complaints are acknowledged, duly referenced and complainants informed of the expected action timelines as set forth in the established mechanism. The GPP/BISA shall inform the Affected Party/person (AP) immediately if the grievance is within, or outside, the purview of the mechanism. If it is outside the scope, affected person/party shall be directed to the proper institution and/or proper mechanism for the complaint.

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258. Simultaneously with registration of any complaint, the GPP or SO must inform about the complaint to the Safeguard Officer of the ADB Resident Mission in Uzbekistan through the PM. Subsequently, the action taken to resolve the issue and the progress also must be reported. Assurance of this process will be a responsibility of the PM

259. If it is covered by the mechanism, the complaint will be immediately reviewed, investigated and discussed together with Contractor‟s/BISA‟s duly designated grievance officer, if conditions allow, that is, both AP and Contractor‟s/BISA‟s grievance officer are available for discussion. If not, the review, investigation and discussion should take place immediately the next day. The discussion will cover the measures to implement based on the review and investigation.

260. If impact/issue is minor, the Contractor/BISA shall immediately act on the complaint. Minor impacts/issues are generally those that would not require thorough review and investigation and are easy to resolve. If impact/issue will need thorough review and investigation, more work to be done, and/or supplies/parts to be procured, to resolve, the Contractor/BISA shall immediately provide the most suitable interim measure to reduce impact; and to start working on the final measure not later than 5 days from the day discussion meeting is held.

261. The GPP/BISA shall keep track of, and document, the progress of each step for record purposes, future reference and for monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the mechanism. If, according to the AP, the impact has been resolved satisfactorily, GPP/BISA shall obtain a written confirmation of satisfaction from the complainant, which will form part of the grievance documentation.

262. For at least a week after closure of grievance (that is, when action implemented has been satisfactorily confirmed in writing by the complainant), the GPP/BISA shall monitor the effectiveness of the resolution. Monitoring shall be properly documented. The GPP/BISA shall make sure that the status of grievance management is reported monthly to the PMUBISA‟s Public Relations Office. The report shall provide comprehensive information on number of grievance received, timeframe of actions made, number of action backlogs, efficiency rate, and remarks particularly on the constraints and lessons learned. Reports shall serve as basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the mechanism and shall help in determining improvements to strengthen the mechanism and improve the environmental management of the Project component. It is also advisable to use the monitoring reports to report back to the concerned Makhalla (communes) & settlements on the implementation of the grievance redress mechanism. It will be an effective tool to gain the appreciation and respect of the communes and settlements on the sincerity of the goal of the Project component and the services of the BISA.

263. In the event the issue persists, AP can lodge an appeal to his/her Hokimiyat (Local Authority). The Hokimiyat shall immediately: i) record the appeal; ii) contact the GPP, Contractor or BISA, provide them with copy of the appeal; and iii) call for a meeting to review the history of the grievance and discuss the appeal and quick resolution of the issue. If the proposed action/measure has not started within 5 days from the time of formal lodging of the appeal, AP can seek assistance from Hokimiyat to raise the grievance to the most relevant institution, i.e., procuratura (Prosecution Office) at District level. It is highly unlikely that grievance redress process for the Project component will reach the level wherein Complainants need to go through the “appeal” stage.

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E.5 Costs of Environmental Measures

264. Environmental Specialist. An internationally recruited Environmental Specialist will be recruited for 5 months over the first 3 years of the Project implementation to assist in the establishment of the EMU, train the EMU staff and commence the implementation of the EMP. The environmental specialist will need to be available for input during pre- construction to assist in the establishment of the EMU and to advise on design and bid evaluation requirements. During implementation the environmental specialist will return as required to monitor the performance of the EMU and compliance with the EMP. The environmental specialist‟s duties include; (i) Over-seeing the preparation of a Design Brief which incorporates the EMP design details to be addressed by the Design Engineers; (ii) Revising the EMP to be attached to the bid and contract documents; (iii) Assisting in evaluation of the contractor‟s environmental experience from the bids; (iv) Provide training as required to the safeguard officer and supporting staff; (v) Ensures that the procedures that are contained within the “Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures for Sector Loans” which outlines compliance procedures for assessing further subprojects, is understood by the national staff and applied to all future subprojects that will be identified within the sector loan; (vi) Undertakes environmental assessment of subprojects, application of the EMPs and training of the EMU staff.

265. The cost for recruiting the environmental specialist including fees, travel and support costs have already been included in the project budget.

266. Environmental Management Unit (EMU). The EMU will be located within the PMO and be headed by a nationally recruited Safeguards Officer who will be appointed for the entire 5 years of implementation. The safeguard officer will manage the EMU and will be assisted by a National Environmental Specialist (NES) who will be appointed for 17 months. The safeguard officer will report to the Project Manager 40 in the PMO. The safeguard officer will progressively assume responsibility for all of the environmental specialist‟s duties. The cost of recruiting the national staff is included in the project budget.

267. Other budget amounts. The required mitigation measures include either design requirements for better facilities to meet safety requirements or adherence to good practices during the construction phase. As the contract is a design and built contract, the contractors are advised in the bid documents to estimate the involved cost for such measures in the contractors‟ bid value.

F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

F.1 Public Consultation

40 Site supervision remains as the Project Supervising Engineer‟s responsibility so as to avoid possible confusion of directions arising from other persons. Thus the EMU should only give directions to the contractor via the CE who will be responsible for the contract budget. The CE will be assisted by the safeguard officer and until a satisfactory environmental awareness level is created within the CE the safeguard officer will be required to work alongside the CE 56

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268. Consultation and participation during project preparation were carried out in the form of on-site informal discussions during field visits, key informant interviews, socio- economic surveys and focus group discussions.

269. The field visit conducted by the Environmental Specialists and a PMU officers in October 2010 was a joint preliminary assessment of the environmental/cultural sensitiveness of the Project sites. Few informal interviews with residents were made to find out the level of awareness of the residents of the Project component. Those interviewed confirmed their awareness of the proposed Project component and potential impacts as well as desire to have the project.

270. Key staffs of BISA were consulted on their experiences with other existing water supply projects. Also they we consulted about the land acquisition for the facilities, mitigation of impacts during construction as well as O&M after completion including monitoring of land productivity and water quality. They were made aware of the questions raised by people in the consultation meetings and need to address such issues.

271. The list of the officials from various relevant agencies met during field visit on 1st Octber 2010 is given below:

Mr.Yusupov Ikhtiyar – Governor of Pakhtachi District Mr.Ahmedov – Head of BISA in the Region Mr.Davranov Shamil – Deputy Head of BISA Mr.Pardaev – Head of Water Inspection Organization in the Region Mr.Makshsiddinov – Land Reclamation Specialist Mr.Azizov A – WUA Chairman Mr.Umerov A – Land Use Department Mr.Burneshev Farid – Deputy Head of PIU Mr.Jalilov T – Canal Manager Mr.Kenjaev Sh – Head of Pumping Station Mr.Nasirov A – Deputy Team Leader WRMSP Mr.Babanarov A – Director of Machinery and Tractor Pool

272. Initial works on conducting the formal Public Consultation was started on 5th April, 2011 in close collaboration with Samarkand Province Hokimiyat, Provincial Committee of Nature Protection (PCNP) and TA Consultants. Brief information about project activities and the objectives of the public consultation were forwarded to Samarkand Province Hokimiyat. Various community groups were informed about public consultation by displaying printed announcement in public places of Ziaddin settlement. Moreover, official invitation letters were forwarded to the District Hokimiyats. Also, the: farmers whose lands are likely to be involved in the project, Provincial Departments of PCNP, and Makhalla Committees of Pahtachy district, Ziaddin settlement were informed about the public consultation meeting.

273. The first formal public consultation was conducted on April 20, 2011 at 10:00 in the building of Pahtachy Hokimiat of Pahtachy district. Representatives of all above mentioned groups as well as representatives of the Pump Station Management participated in the Public Consultation.

274. The key stakeholders participated in the public consultation included representative of Water Resources Management Sector Project: Mamadvaliev T.G. – Project Manager; Timirova M. – National Environmental Specialist; Kuziev J. – Head of 57

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PIU; and representatives of Suvly District Hokimiyat: Hokim of Pahtachi District – Yusupov I.U. The details of the public consultation are given in Annex-B.

275. Further consultations will be required during the construction phase to determine the requirements for pedestrian access bridges across the canals and alert farmers to the construction schedule and when changes in water flow may occur. This has been identified within the EMP.

F.2 Information Disclosure

276. To date, the following have been disclosed: i) Subproject description and components; ii) locations; and iii) expected period of implementation, in the planned joint social, resettlement and environmental public consultation evens held in April 2011. The findings of the draft IEE, including the draft EMP, will be disclosed to the relevant people after completion of the IEE in May 2011. In this public consultation, (i) All stakeholders will be invited and encouraged to participate in the consultation workshops; (ii) Suggestions from the general public will be sought about potential impacts in their view and any proposed alternate mitigation measures; (iii) The responsible officers will be available at the meeting to answer any matter concerning the project design and operation as well as contract management and environmental monitoring.

277. The SIEE report will be required to be circulated worldwide, through the depository library system and on the ADB web site.

G. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

278. The activities outlined in the IEE are for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Suvli irrigation Scheme, one of the non-core subprojects that have been identified for the WRMSP. The activities involve the repair and rehabilitation of the pumping station and the associated inter-farm canal infrastructure. While the work will increase the amount of water presently pumped, it will not increase the size of the irrigated area beyond its original designed area. Overall, the subproject will pose negligible impacts on the environment, and are acceptable with regard to the application of the mitigating measures that are outlined in the EMP. Those communities that are dependent on the supply of irrigation water will benefit from the operation of the subproject either by providing them with a more secure and reliable source of water or providing water for areas totally deprived of irrigation water due to system deterioration. The subproject will also improve the safety and working conditions of the pump house operators.

279. The EMP contains the recommendations: It will be the PMU responsibility to ensure that the pump house building designs include provision for basic worker facility requirements, structural stability, safety and health requirements, adequate drainage, oil separation, etc., as outlined in the pre-construction section of the EMP. With respect to irrigation infrastructure, designs to deliver adequate irrigation water, facilities for removal of silt before pumping and features important for sustainability of the operations are embodies in the EMP. when the pumps and electrical/mechanical equipment are procured the suppliers are to provide basic

58

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject maintenance support programs for the pumps and electrical equipment for at least two years. No equipment such as transformers with PCB will be allowed. The programs are to also cover safety operating aspects. That the EMP will form part of the Bid conditions and will also be attached to the contract as a requirement of the contract. Contractors that do not address the EMP at the time of bid will be disqualified.

280. EMP provides realizable mitigation measures that are compatible with Best Construction and Worker Health and Safety Practices. Compliance monitoring of the mitigation measures will be the responsibility of the Project Supervising Engineer who will be supported in this role by the nationally recruited Safeguard Officer. The safeguard officer will be supported by a nationally recruited National Environmental Specialist and an internationally recruited Environmental Specialist. The cost of implementing the EMP includes both for the staff of EMU and mitigation measures. The remuneration, transport and other expenses of the staff is included in the project budget. The cost of mitigation measures are expected to be included in the contractors bid values.

281. All project activities prior to construction, during construction and during operation will be monitored and a monitoring mechanism for which is provided in this IEE Report. Moreover, the members of the WUAs, BISA, and Hokimiyats have an important role in project construction and operation so that they can intervene when necessary or when complaints arise.

282. It is recommended that the subproject proceeds as planned and that the mitigating and monitoring measures that have been identified within the EMP are implemented during the pre-construction, construction as well as operation and maintenance phases of the subproject‟s implementation. Based on the IEE findings it is concluded that there are no outstanding environmental issues remaining and as all impacts can be effectively mitigated no further environmental assessment is required for the subproject.

H. CONCLUSIONS

283. Based on the findings of the IEEs for the Suvli subproject, the classification of the Project as Category “B” is confirmed under the ADB Guidelines. The adverse impacts that will arise from the implementation of all project components will generally be minor or moderate and measures to mitigate them are provided and they could be instituted without difficulty through proper engineering design and environment-friendly management of construction activities and operation.

284. The operation of the proposed project, will bring about numerous socio-economic benefits that will far outweigh any adverse impacts, for instance, improved reliable irrigation water supply will promote agricultural production leading to the enhanced income and opening up of employment opportunities and thereby improvement of the local economy as well the national economy through export.

285. Based on the findings of the IEEs, the classification of the Project as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB‟s Safeguard Policy. According to the GoU environmental legislation, the subproject falls under Category - 3 or low risk projects, which would require an IEA report for approval of the Samarkand Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa). This required clearance has already been issued for the Suvli subproject and attached in Annex-D and the recommendations made therein 59

IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject are included in the EMP..

I. REFERENCES

1) ADB, Oct 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Asian Development Bank, Manila. 2) ADB, Dec 2004. Country Environmental Analysis for Uzbekistan. Manila. 3) ADB, Oct 2007. Consultation Draft of the Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB, Manila. 4) ADB, 2008. Asian Development Bank and Uzbekistan 2008. Fact Sheet. ADB Regional Office, Tashkent. 5) ADB, 2006. Safeguard Requirements for Borrowers/clients Environment. Operations Manual Bank Policies (BP). Manila. 6) FAO, 1997. Aqustat, Uzbekistan. FAO‟s Information System on Water and Agriculture. National Protection Committee, 2005. National Environmental Report. Tashkent. 7) State Committee for Nature Protection, 1996. Environmental Information Systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Draft Assessment Report, UNEP/GRID-Arendal. 8) Uzbek Academy of Sciences, 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 9) UNDP, 2006. Poverty and Inequality in Uzbekistan. LSE, Development and Transition. Paper written by Uktam Abdurakhmanov and Sheila Marnie. 10) UNEP, Environmental I formation Systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. 11) World Bank, 2000. Irrigation and Drainage Sector Strategy Study. Volume 1. Report prepared for MAWR.

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Annex –A: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE [1] Incorporation Health & safety threats to Pump Station i. Design Costs included in Bid documents & i. Once, verify Project Included in of Health and workers in the pump station Engineers procurement detail designs design. Manager and project i. Provide adequate staff facilities in the Safety working specifications SO. budgets of i. Lack of adequate staff pump house redesigns (water-seal ii. Design i. Plans and bid ii. Once verify requirements in PMO. facilities resulting in toilets, furbished rest rooms, dining Engineers documents show that safety the existing pump unsanitary and poor staff rooms, etc). that staff facilities requirements . house facilities. have been have been rehabilitation ii. (a) Provide raised walkways, provide included. carried into Bid designs ii. Possible serious safety guards on exposed machinery, specifications accidents and loss of life improve floor drainage/ lower (control) ii. Bid

from (a) working alongside groundwater level. specifications machinery and (b) within reflect safety (b) All electrical installations to meet high risk of electrocution requirements for internationally acceptable safety and explosion. (a) and (b). standards for wet working areas.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [2] Incorporation Risk of accidents after All new structures/ constructions Design Engineer Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in of structural completion causing damage procurement detailed designs design. project Building design with a second category stability for safety to facilities and workers due specifications budgets of of fire resistance where all elements Plans and bid purposes and to inadequate designs; PMO. are made of fireproof or not-easy-to- documents show sustainability of Impacts on project burn materials; that required . facilities (pump sustainability and benefits specifications house as well as Design for anti-seismic activities in in the long-term have been all irrigation accordance with construction Norms included. facilities) Adverse impacts on and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 groundwater “Civil Works within the seismic areas” Ensure free access to the facilities and availability of roads to them for O7M; Placement of building and facilities considering fire breaks Design according to CNR 2.01.03-96 and 3.04.02-97 “Corrosion Protection of buildings” to prevent effects on the quality of ground water [3] Reduction of i. Reduce cleaning of Inlet canal DE and Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in sand at the pump canals, pump wear and procurement detailed designs that the inlet project i. Inlet canal design/silt basins to be . SO intakes pumping costs; specifications has been budgets of checked for adequacy of silt Verify inclusion in evaluated and PMO. ii. Increases sustainability removal. detail-design. redesigned as of pumps and reduced ii. Criteria to be developed for cleaning necessary. canal de-silting. inlet sand trap/ other alternate devices.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [4] Provision of oil Avoidable loss of water Pump house- drainage inlet DE and SO Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in and water quality downstream of procurement detailed designs that the oil and project Oil and water separators to be separators if pump stations specifications water budgets of provided on internal drainage systems Verify inclusion in surface drainage separators PMO. in the pump station if canal water detail-design. from pump house have been carries >0.3 mg/l oil below drainage . enter irrigation included. outlets. canals . [5] Development Possible serious accidents Pump station SO Included as part Part of O&M Once, verify the PM and SO Included in of Worker Safety to those working in the of SO’s tasks – Manual WSP has been project Develop Worker Safety Plan that is Plan (WSP) pump station. As such no cost written. budgets of compliant with Uzbekistan Labour Completion of implication PMO. . Code Worker Safety Plan. [6] Evaluation of Possible excessive Rising Mans DE and SO Costs included in Detailed Designs Once, verify PM and SO Included in ground condition corrosion of steel manifold procurement evaluation has project Evaluate relaying new manifold and Evaluation of new of rising main and rising main laid in specifications (if been carried budgets of rising main sections as above ground rising main in saline water tables and any such work is out and a PMO. structures in salinized areas; terms of corrosion soils; and reduced project required) decision made affecting on life sustainability Use of protective coating for rising based on the of structure mains evaluation.

[7 Provision of Enhanced accessibility to Along Machine Canal DE and SO Costs included in Detailed Designs Once, verify PM and SO Included in canal crossings irrigation areas on other procurement WUAs project Upgrade existing crossings and WUAs consulted side of canal. specifications consultation budgets of provide additional crossings as regarding completed. PMO. required to meet farmer needs location. Canal

Crossings crossings included in included in design. design.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [8] Incorporation Minimized potential risk of Pump house surroundings DE Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in of landscaping, soil erosion, reduced procurement detailed designs design. project Identification of locations which require tree planting, ambient dust levels, specifications budgets of landscaping, tree planting, formation of Plans and bid pavements and enhance aesthetics PMO. pavements and include them in the documents show beatification of design; that required . buildings/ sites provisions have Provisions for painting and upgrading been included. of existing buildings wherever necessary [9] Procurement: i. Poor maintenance of Pump house new equipments i. and ii. DE and Costs included in Bid document Once, verify PM and SO Included in mechanical and electrical procurement procurement project i. Training to be provided as a SO i. Procurement equipment will lead to early specifications bid document budgets of supporting item at the time of procuring bid document and costly failure of includes i. PMO. the mechanical and electrical includes provision equipment. maintenance equipment. for the programs, and ii. Supply of POPs is maintenance ii. No electrical equipment can ii. Prohibition of banned under Stockholm programs. (transformers) be supplied with PCB PCBs. Convention and ADB insulation. ii. Bid documents procurement. must state that supply of equipment with PCBs will not be permitted [10] Incorporation Lack of application of the Bidding Documents PM and SO. No cost Bid & contract Once, verify PM and SO Included in of EMP in bid and EMP will mean that implication documents EMP has been project i. EMP to be included as a Special contract environmental issues not included in (i) budgets of Condition in the Bid Document. EMP included in documents addressed; Lack of the Bid PMO. (i) the Bid subproject sustainability. ii. EMP to be attached to contract to Document and Document’ and form part of the contract requirements. (ii) the Contract (ii) the Contract Document. document.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [11] Selection of Selection of inappropriate Bid evaluation PM and SO No cost Bid evaluation a. Once, verify PM and SO Included in Contractor contractors may result in implication that the project Prepare evaluation checklist to Review contractor lack of / inadequate procedure has budgets of compare contractors. Use this to select evaluation scores. compliance with the EMP. been followed. PMO. the best contractor. [12} Design of Inability to meet full Pumps & canals DE and SO Costs included in Detailed designs Once, verify PM and SO Included in rehabilitation of irrigation demand and procurement design. project Design considering full irrigation water Plans and bid canals and operation over long-term if specifications budgets of demand and adhering to construction documents show structures inadequately designed PMO. regulations and norms of Uzbekistan that required provisions have . been included.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE [1] Awareness Loss of farmer income due Irrigated Farms SO and PM Cost has been PMO documents Once, verify SO Included in campaign to alterations in supply of included in public project Undertake a public awareness Public irrigation water caused by WRMSP budget. consultation budgets of campaign to create awareness within consultation construction activities. process has PMO the farmers of the construction work records. been plan and possible impacts on water completed. supplies. [2’] Induction of Avoids contractor ignoring On-Site SO and No cost PMO documents Once, verify SO and CE Included in contractor to the the EMP and loosing Construction implication (PMO induction project i. EMP explained to contractor on-site Induction carried site. environmental values due Engineer (CE) task) process has budgets of before any work commences. out prior to work to poor application of the been PMO & Project commencing. EMP. ii. So approves the commencement of completed. Management work only after the contractor Consultants understands the EMP [3] Removal of Loss of scarce vegetation. All Construction sites/ canals Contractor, No cost All Work sites Any tree SO and CE Included in trees along implication removed has project Any trees that need to be removed can PNPC, CE and Trees only canals and other been approved budgets of only be removed after the PNPC/ SO removed after construction sites by the PNPC. PMO & Project Hokimiyat has approved their removal. PNPC approval Management obtained. Consultants 65

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [4] Site Erosion from site clearing, All Construction sites Contractor and Costed by All Work site Spot checks CE and SO Included in preparation grading and excavation CE contractor and and monthly project Minimize land clearing and excavation Verify the resulting in sedimentation of cost carried into inspections budgets of areas, preserving existing ground adherence to water bodies; contract PMO & Project cover wherever possible, and providing recommendations Management approved ground cover where in sites where Consultants necessary; plant trees, bushes/grass to clearance is minimize rainwater runoff; appropriate performed stabilizing techniques to prevent cave- ins or earth-slips in excavated areas. Constructing buildings and facilities following the land protection activities stipulated in Construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 3.01.01-97 and CNR 3.05.03-97.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [5] Excavation of Loss of aesthetics from Borrow sites/ excavation areas a. Contractor to Costed by Borrow / Verify a. i – iii. CE and SO Included in sites and opening poor handling of excavated obtain approval contractor and excavation areas and b. I - iii. project a). Borrow material of borrow pits materials and opening of for opening cost carried into budgets of a. i Material borrow pits. i. Use material from sides of canals borrow pits. contract PMO & Project removed from that has been dumped after Management a). Borrow material - b. Contractor and sides of canals. excavation/ de-silting. Consultants needed for construction CE. ii , iii. Borrow pits work. ii. If borrow pits essential. They are to closed be approved by PNPC and Ministry of b). Spoil- Excavated Geology b. i. Materials material stockpiled, iiii. borrow pits to be closed and landscaped. ii. site landscaped and iii. all old b) Excavated materials pipes and other i. Stockpile materials alongside open used materials trench for backfilling; use for road removed. formation, etc. ii. Replace material and landscape the area. iii. Remove all waste and unused pipes.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [6] Rehabilitation Reduced crop yield due to Installing new pumps & canal repair Contractor and If any cost Installation of i. As required. CE and SO Included in activities during inability to grow or complete involved - pumps& canal Pump station project i. Undertake pump station rehabilitation CE cropping season crop water requirements Contractor’s cost repair during work carried budgets of during off-peak pumping season; if due to lack of water summer out during off- PMO & Project during summer attend to pumps one by season. Management one instead of closing all at once. i. Pump station Consultants work carried out ii. Water by- ii. In case of canal work, provide water during off-season. pass structures by-pass structures in canals to supply provided. water downstream of sections under ii. Water by-pass repair. structures iii. Farm provided for productivity

canals if feasible little affected iii. farm productivity little affected

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [7] Removal and Improper dumping leading Temporary & designated dumping Contractor, SO, Costed by Temporary & i. Verify CE and SO Included in disposal of debris to loss of environmental yards CE and PSEE. contractor and designated location for project values. cost carried into dumping yards dump site. budgets of i. Debris to be dumped in land fill sites contract PMO & Project approved by SO/CE and PSEE. Verify disposal ii. Scrap metal Management site meets PSEE and pipes ii. Sell scrap metal and equipment to Consultants environmental removed. metal re-cyclers in Navoi. criteria. iii. Ensure site iii. Land fill sites to be closed and Scrap and all old has been rehabilitated pipes and other closed. iv. Old rising main pipe to be removed metal taken away. and disposed or used for recycling. v. Any electrical equipment found to contain PCBs is to be disposed of to meet PSEE (Gosecoexpertisa) requirements. vi. Uzbekistan maintains “sanitary norms and rules” and under that all waste is classified and recommend the procedures for disposal of each category- contractor must obtain this recommendation and follow them by hiring the companies registered for handling such waste materials; also re- use, recycle must be followed for some waste on their recommendation

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [8’] Storage and Contamination of soil and Material/ equipment storage sites a, b, c and d: Costed by Material & a. Verify fuel Contractor, CE Included in handling of water resources Contractor contractor and equipment storage areas and SO project a. Prepare material/equipment storage construction cost carried into storages budgets of areas with facilities not to impair air b. Bund materials, fuel contract PMO & Project quality nor contaminate soil or water Adhere to formation at and lubricants Management and placed about 20 m away from proposed start then spot Consultants water sources at elevated areas mitigation checks as without interfering with drainage required Fuel and lubricant pattern storage and b. Bund fuel tank storages to 110% of handling tank capacity; Refuel vehicles and procedures equipment 20 m away from water implemented [9] Noise from a. Nuisance to surrounding courses All Work sites a, b and c. Costed by All Work sites I Spot checks CE and SO Cost included construction communities (if any) Contractor contractor and and monthly in PMO c.a. DisposeEquipment of usedfitted oilwith and approved oil filters to Workers and equipment; e.g. cost carried into inspections: for: management b. Workplace hazard meetsound accepted suppression industry equipment procedures and communities jack hammers, air contract a. Noise budget maintained satisfied with compressors d. Accidental spill handling action conditions b. hearing (contingency)b. Operators provided plan with ear protection protection provided to c. Limit activities to daylight hours workers

[10] Dust a. workplace hazard All work sites & haulage routes a and b. Costed by Work sites and Spot checks Contractor, Site Included in Contractor contractor and haulage roads and monthly Engineer and project b. community hazard from a. contractor to have access to water cost carried into likely to have dust inspections SO budgets of haul traffic tanker in List of Equipment to be contract problem PMO & Project brought to site. Management Water tanker b. contractor to spray water on work Consultants provided. areas and roads as required Contractor’s Dust Spraying record

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [11] Worker Accidents and loss of All Work sites a ,b and c. by Costed by All Work sites Spot checks Contractor, CE Included in Health and Safety worker productivity Contractor contractor and and monthly and SO project a. Contractor to implement workplace Inspection and cost carried into inspections budgets of safety awareness program. verified by contract PMO & Project Contractor’s b. Workers to be provided with safety Management Labour Accident equipment and instructed in its use. Consultants Report c. Emergency accident -contingency plan [12] Solid and Soil and water pollution All work sites & labour camps Contractor Costed by All work sites & Spot checks Contractor, CE Included in liquid waste contractor cost labour camps and monthly and SO project All solid waste collected in containers management carried into inspections budgets of for safe temporary storage and weekly Visual inspection contract PMO & Project dispose to safe dumping areas of work sites Management approved by the CE and PNPC; Consultants All liquid waste (except hazardous matter) , wastewater and sewage diverted into temporary septic tanks which are to be located in areas unlikely to contaminate groundwater and close the pits with soil on completion of work

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [13} Transport of Possible public nuisance Roads used for haulage Contractor Costed by Roads used for Spot Check Contractor, SE, Included in equipment and due to dust, traffic contractor cost haulage and inspection CE and SO project If local roads are used, select routes material in congestion, air pollution, carried into once a month, budgets of based on the truck load; divide the load Possible public existing roads etc., and contract if any problem PMO & Project to prevent damages to local roads and nuisance due to prevails; Management Damages to local roads and bridges; observe speed limits and dust, traffic Consultants other utilities due to hauling maintain in the good condition; problem, etc. Following in roads which were not transport material under cover; avoid completion of Any damages to identified during design peak hours in roads with moderate to work before roads restored by stage; high traffic. final payment end of the project Contractor attends to repair all damaged infrastructure/ roads, if needed. with relevant authorities (Hokimiyat);

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [14] Rehabilitation Impairment of All work sites, labour camps storage Contractor Costed by work sites, labour Following Contractor, SE Included in and closing environmental resources, areas & temporary dumping yards contractor cost camps storage completion of and SO project construction sites aesthetics and community carried into areas & work. Before budgets of a. Remove all waste and contaminated safety contract temporary final payment PMO & Project soil dumping yards Management

b. Restore sites by replacing topsoil Consultants Sites closed and re-vegetating area according to c. Final payment may be withheld until requirements work is completed

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification OPERATION PHASE INCLUDING DEFECT LIABILITY PERIOD] [1] i. Regular i. Early failure of facilities Pump house & irrigation canals i. First two years i. arranged as a Pump House Six monthly. BISA MAWR cost maintenance of leading to more costly training by procurement cost i. Arrange maintenance training i. Rehabilitated i. Infrastructure infrastructure rehabilitation / replacement’ contractor as per for new electro- programs. equipment and meets Lack of sustainability of procurement for mechanical ii. Regular infrastructure expected subproject. ii. Evaluate training programs electro- equipments. maintenance of oil operating as operating mechanical and water ii. Loss of water quality in iii. Arrange irrigation canal and ii-v. MAWR cost expected. requirements. equipments separators. irrigation canals drainage channel maintenance ii. Oil and water ii. Oil not being programs I - v. Samarkand separators discharged to BISA iv. Arrange budgets for maintenance. cleaned. No canal. visual signs of oil

v. Check that oil and water separators drained into the are being properly maintained canal [2] Maintenance Deterioration of soil quality Irrigated Lands Zarafshan BISA; MAWR Irrigated lands Already BISA / MAWR MAWR of land due to salinization and operational cost established Prevent re-use of poor quality drainage MAWR Regular productivity; water-logging lead to norms for water (more than 3 g/l mineralization) monitoring of reduction in crop yield and sampling and Reduction of for irrigation; increase irrigation irrigation water reduced economic returns parameters by catchment efficiency by avoiding over-use of quality; drainage from land and water’ the BISA erosion / irrigation water; enhance drainage in water quality, sediment inflow to Unless the lost fertility is areas with high ground water table; groundwater canals replenished, the Bonitate and regular maintenance of all quality , soil value may remain low; drainage canals; agronomic and quality (all in

cultural practices promoted for terms of If catchment erosion enhancing land fertility. mineralization) continue heavy siltation of and depth to canals impact sustainability Control catchment erosion with groundwater appropriate vegetative and mechanical measures

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [3] Worker Safety Workplace accidents. Pump House Mainly BISA MAWR cost Number of Monthly BISA MAWR cost Plan for those Possible loss of life. Pump Station accidents Accident Implement Worker Safety Plan involved in Manager Record Report irrigation system O&M

[4] Abstraction of Reduced availability of At the Pump Station BISA Pump No- cost Pump House Records BISA MAWR cost water exceeding water for downstream uses Station Manager implication maintained Adherence the designed pumping Pumping rate the designed in the Narpay canal about pumping capacity (without exceeding the (m3/s) capacity rates in the maximum abstraction of 6 m3/s); pump house

Maintenance of Deterioration of sanitary Pump House BISA Pump MAWR Pump House Regular BISA MAWR cost pump house conditions in the pump Station Manager operational cost observation Maintenance of water-seal toilets with Regular cleanliness and house; periodic emptying of cesspits; monitoring of sanitation Environmental pollution; waste Waste disposed according to the management and Impairment of aesthetics recommendations of the District sanitary Sanitary Epidemic Station either to the conditions regional dump yards, for recycling or reuse depending on the category; Maintenance of a dedicated warehouse for waste such as mercury pollutants (luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) through registered companies;

BISA = Basin Irrigation System Administration

CE = Construction Engineer [employed by Project Management Consultants] CNR = Construction Norms and Regulations; DE= Design Engineer [of the PM consultants and the detailed design contractor] EMP = Environmental Management Plan 75

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MAWR = Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources; O&M = Operation and Maintenance PCB = Poly Chlorinated biphenyls (a persistent organic pollutant); PNPC = Provincial level of State Committee for Nature Protection (Oblkompriroda) PM = Project Manager, PMO = Project Management Office; POP = Persistent Organic Pollutants; PSEE = Provincial State Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa] SE = Site Engineer (contractor‟s Engineer), SO = Safeguards Office [attached to the PMO); WUA = Water Users Association;

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ANNEX – B: PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR THE SUB-PROJECT

1. The first formal public consultation was conducted on 20th April, 2011 at 10:00 in the building of Pahtachy Hokimiat of Pahtachy district. Announcement of the Public Consultations was made in the local newspaper of Pahtachy District. Before conducting the Public Consultation, meetings were held with representatives of the District Hokimiyat within which the proposed project is located, representatives of the Department of Environmental Protection, Project Manager and other r Representatives of the project.

2. During the meeting, the participants were made aware of the project objectives, goals, and proposed activities. The meeting was attended by 27 participants and among them were representatives of Makhalla (Village) Committees of Pahtachy Districts, as well as representatives of District Hokimiyats, representatives of Nature Protection Committee, Pump Station Management, Women's Committee, Leaders of WUA and the farmers of the districts.

3. Public Consultation was commenced at 10.00 AM and lasted more than two hours. The meeting was opened by Hokim Mr. I.Yusupov and he briefly introduced the requirements of the President's regulation about Sector Project on "Water Resource Management in Zarafshan and Samarkand valleys" whuch is to be followed in rehabilitation of the "Suvli" Subproject. He further stressed the issue of water shortage in the area affecting farmers.

4. Project Manager Mamadvaliev T.G., presented key information on project activities. In brief and also made a brief introduction to ADB- when the ADB was formed, where the headquarters are located, and what are its member countries. He further mentioned that the relationship between Uzbekistan and ADB has developed progressively and ADB has funded various sectors of the country economy. ADB funding in Uzbekistan from 1996 to 2010 has been more than 1946 mln dollars. He further mentioned that the "Water resources management in Zarafshan and Samarkand valleys" project was announced in 2008, and approved by the President in 2009. The progress of bidding and the present status were also referred to.

5. Head of the PIU, T.Kuzibaev made a presentation. He explained the present status of the pump station, which was commenced in 1080 and the proposed repair and rehabilitation activities. He showed the photos of the present status and explained the benefits of improvements to the pumping station and the irrigation network in detail.

6. National Environmental Specialist, Timirova M.N, made a presentation and explained the potential environmental impacts of the proposed project activities, particularly pollution of natural resources and impacts due to noise, waste, and other pollutants, etc. Also the proposed mitigation measures were discussed, she further mentioned that on completion of the Feasibility Studies, the Initial Environmental Assessment report (ZVOS) was prepared and submitted to the Samarkand Nature Protection Committee.

7. During the Public Consultation, the following questions were raised by the participants and the consultants answered:

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No. Participants’ questions / comments Consultant’s feedback When will the work be completed? It is scheduled to complete all the work in 2012. 1

2 Is it planned to rehabilitate the RB Canal, if RB canal will be rehabilitated fully, but Lb so will it be the entire machine canal? rehabilitation will be limited to only the first 27 km.

3 Does the rehabilitation and improvement of The proposed subproject does not cover the drainage system included in the project? drainage improvement but the most costly activities of installing new pumps and other associated facilities and equipments. Activities related to drainage is a responsibility of the Melioration Foundation.. 4 Who is the contractor? Contractor is to be selected by a competitive bidding process; For the already commenced Narpay core- projects contractors are Chinese and Japanese construction companies.

5 On completion of the project, will there be The contract includes clearing of the area of all debris on landscaping around the pump station completion of the work, planting trees, and enhancement building? of aesthetics. If it not done, complaints can be made to the project staff or representatives of Nature Protection Committee for action.

8. At end of the session, head of "Suvli" pump station emphasized that the present condition of the pump station is highly deteriorated and working there is unsafe and therefore on completion of the rehabilitation work, the staff will be safe while the pumping station will work efficiently to deliver adequate water to the farmers.

9. Consultants informed participants that if there is any further questions, complaints or suggestions concerning the Project, they could address to following project contact persons: Mr. Mamadvaliev T.G.- Project Manager; Mr. Kuziev J. – Head of PIU or to Nosirov I.A. -Head of Samarkand Province Natural Protection Committee; Khurshida -Environmental assessment department in Samarkand Province Natural Protection Committee. All suggestions, questions, and complaint will be registered and delivered to experts for action and feedback.

10. The formal Public Consultations was ended at 11:45 after all the questions were answered. The paper advertisement published announcing the public consultation is given below:

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Attachment 1

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List of participators of the Public Consultation held in Pahtahy district of Samarkand Province on April 20, 2011

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List of participants of the Public consultation on Suvli subproject № First name, Last name, Father's name Work place Address, telephone Signature 1 Yusupov I.U. Hokim (Head) of Pahtachy district 2 Usmonov A. Deputy Hokim of Pahtachy district 3 Kuvanova Z. Deputy Hokim of Pahtachy district 4 Narziev S. Chief of women's committee 5 Kenjaev Sh.E. Craftsman Association 6 Azizov A. Chief of WUA 7 Davronov Sh. Deputy Head of Narpay-Navoi Irrigation system Chief of Pahtachy department of Samarkand 8 Ostonov H. PSM 9 Razzakov T. Chief of "Dustoboz" kishlok committee 10 Bozorov B. Chief of "Sultonobod" kishlok committee 11 Rasulov I. Chief of "Misit" kishlok committee 12 Haydarov M. Chief of "Humor" kishlok committee 13 Yuldashev N. Chief of "Kuybok" kishlok committee 14 Jumaev A. Chief of "Pulaychi" kishlok committee 15 Mukhammadiev K. Chief of "Ziyevuddin" shirkat committee 16 Roshidov Moshrab Economic department specialist 17 Kahhorov Zokir District Ecologist 18 Jumaev Sayfiddin Economic district department 19 Pirmanov Mely Chief of private enterprise 20 Pardaev Urokboy Chief of private enterprise 21 Eshpulatov Akram Chief of Pahtachy site 83 IEE Study of the Suvli Subproject

22 Toshiev Ruzikul District Hokimiyat specialist Deputy Head of department on outside 23 Miyliev Ilhom building job Specialist of district department on chemicals 24 Abdullaev Temur in plant growing 25 Ruziev Akbar Employer of Hokimiyat 26 Holilov Uchkun Economic department of district 27 Abdullaev Jamshid Chief of inspection at Hokimiyat of district

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Presentation made at the public consultation in Samarkand province

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Секторный проект «Управление Субпроект «Сувли» водными ресурсами в Заравшанской и ►Реконструкция насосной станции «Сувли» Ферганской долинах» осуществляется Секторным проектом по управлению водными ресурсами Зарафшанской и Ферганской долинах» совместно с: ►Dongshin Engineering & Consultants Co. Ltd Оценка воздействия в сотрудничестве с Субпроекта «Сувли» ►Korea Rural Community Corporation на окружающую среду ►Engineering Consultants Pvt Ltd ►Rhythm Plus Consulting Company

Субпроект «Сувли» Субпроект «Сувли»

►Субпроект является ирригационным ►Проект в соответствии с классификацией проектом и предусматривает АБР имеет Категорию B, т.е. проект, реабилитацию и модернизацию насосной который может иметь небольшое станции «Сувли», машинных каналов и неблагоприятное воздействие на сооружений в Самаркандской области окружающую среду, но в меньшей Узбекистана. Субпроект улучшит надежность насосных станций, которые степени или значимости, чем проекты будут отвечать потребностям проектной категории A (ADB Safeguard Policy командной территории в оросительной Statement, 2009). воде.

Субпроект «Сувли» Субпроект «Сувли»

►В соответствии с законодательством ►Воздействие на окружающую среду в Узбекистана по окружающей среде, зоне субпроекта будет, в основном, субпроект «Сувли» попадает под положительное. По завершению Категорию – 3 (низкий риск) программы реконструкции: (Постановление Кабинета Министров ►снизятся случаи поломок оборудования Республики Узбекистан от 31.12.2001 г. ►будет осуществляться бесперебойная № 491, Приложение к Постановлению водоподача на орошение Кабинета Министров от 5 июня 2009 г. № ►увеличится сельскохозяйственное 152). производство.

Субпроект «Сувли» Субпроект «Сувли»

►В настоящий момент, только 3,470 га ►Необходимо принять во внимание, что орошается, а после завершения сегодня около 300 га изъяты из предлагаемой реконструкции в зоне сельхозпроизводства, в результате субпроекта, орошаемая площадь поднятия уровня грунтовых вод, что увеличится до 5,600 га, что позволит привело к засолению почв. сельскому населению, занятому в сельскохозяйственном секторе, получить выгоды от увеличения урожайности и доходов фермеров.

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Субпроект «Сувли» Субпроект «Сувли»

►Другая проблема связанна со здоровьем ►Все помещения насосной станции и безопасностью людей, - это плохие подвержены воздействию высокого рабочие условия и небезопасные рабочие уровня грунтовых вод. Внутри здания площади на насосной станции, особенно скопление воды предотвращается в здании пульта управления и откачкой грунтовых вод. Тем не менее, распределительного устройства. более низкие участки здания ПУ и РУ заполнены водой. В здании ПУ и РУ был взрыв.

Субпроект «Сувли» Субпроект «Сувли»

►В здании насосной станции имеются раздевалка и комната отдыха, но они ни разу не ремонтировались. Не имеется никаких санитарных помещений, включая туалеты. Поэтому, важно включить требования по здоровью и безопасности людей, работающих на насосной станции, во время реабилитационных работ.

Виды воздействия на окружающую среду

Вид воздействия Меры по предотвращению Бетонные отходы Загрязнение почвы Бетонные обломки будут использованы при ремонте инспекторской дороги Шум Органы слуха Воздействие на рабочих и операторов, работающих с оборудованием – будут обеспечены специальным оборудованием, защищающим от шума. ГСМ Почва, вода Специальные цистерны для сбора отработанных масел и их утилизация Пыль Атмосф. воздух Проводить гидрообеспыливание Устаревшее Почва Сдача в пункты "Вторчермета" оборудование

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Субпроект «Сувли» Субпроект «Сувли»

► В ходе работ по реализации проекта экологами- экспертами был составлен документ ЗВОС ►Самаркандский БУИС (Заявление о Воздействии на Окружающую ►Главное Управление Проектом Среду), в соответствии с законом «Об  г.Ташкент, ул. Навои, 44, 100021 экологической экспертизе» и постановлением КБ Республики Узбекистан № 491, предоставлен  Tel.: +998 71 242-95-31 в Самаркандский комитет по охране природы, в  E-mail: [email protected] отдел Экологической экспертизы (в соответствии с законом «Об Экологической экспертизе» от 25 мая 2000 г.) и в январе 2011 года было получено согласование на осуществление данного проекта.

Спасибо за внимание

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Pictures of the Public Consultation

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ANNEX- C: PHOTOS OF THE FIELD VISIT

Discussion with District Governer Officials from agencies joined the field visit Breach of LB canal by torrential mudfloods

Power cables suspended above groundwater Inadequate facilities to protect labd from mud flow Farm Canal and irrigated lands

LB canal tailend on foot of the hill receiving Desilted sand dumped on to the inspection road Ravines formed by heavy mudflows excessive sediments with mudflows

Suvli pump house CDR om groundwater Building walls affected by groundwater posing a threat to workers safety

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Intake chamber Inadequate subsurface drainage in pump house Rising mains premises

Suvli intake from Narpay canal

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ANNEX- D: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE GRANTED BY PROVINCIAL NATURE PROTECTION COMMITTEE

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Environmental Clearance for the Suvli Subproject by the Samarkand regional committee on protection of nature The Samarkand regional State Ecological Examination

140131 Samarqand shahri, Gagarin kuchasi 27. Tel: 234-09-93 fax: 234-09-93 "28" 01 2011 № 62

The conclusion of State Ecological Examination

Project: The Ecological Examination on the IEE of reconstruction of pump Station "Suvli" and machine canal "Suvli" in Pahtachi district in the Samarkand Province.

The client: the management group of the project "Water resource management in Fergana and Zarafshan valleys" at the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resource of Republic of Uzbekistan.

The developer: the International Consulting company "Dongshing Engineering and Consultants Co. Ltd."

"Water resources management in Fergana and Zarafshan valleys" at the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resource of Republic of Uzbekistan

To: the chief of the project T.G.Mamadvaliev

Copy: to the chief of Pahtachi regional inspection.

To the state ecological examination the client has submitted the IEE, explanatory note. The project provides the reconstruction of pump station "Suvli" and machine canal "Suvli".

The project is located in the territory of Pahtachi district, in a quiet site.

Borders of the site: From north – Pahtachi district From east – Pahtachi district From the south – Pahtachi district From west – Pahtachi district

Climatic conditions of district are sharply continental and also characterized by the dry hot summer and moderately cold winter with little snow. During summer days temperature of air reaches up to 42ºC, but the average temperature of air is 33,6ºС. In winter time temperature goes down to -20ºC. The average annual air temperature is 13,3ºC. The average annual precipitation is 358 mm. The basic soil type is loamy soil, no upheavals, and no subsidence of rock. The groundwater is in a depth of 3-5 m.

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The project involves activities on the site regarding: 1. Installation of oil and water separator at pump house. 2. Replacement of motors for pumps. 3. Rehabilitation of pump house. 4. Improvement of drainage system. 5. Construction of structures in the canal.

Technical part The project carries out restoration of pump station "Suvli", the machine canal and collector system;

Reconstruction of pump station "Suvli" and machine canal within the project framework will include the replacement of aboveground devices and pump foundations, pumps and motors. Installation of the new electrical equipment and improvement of workers living conditions will be carried out. Other equipments to replace will be the existing horizontal centrifugal pumps of a bilateral entrance by capacity – 4х1,66 м3; rising mains and discharge basin. Replacement of 4 electric motors till 1600 kw on 4 till 1500 kw. There will be replacement of electric equipment systems, including installation of new distribution device, actuators, switches and cable system, including earthling of the system and relay protection.

Work include development of the old pump foundations (about 50 м3 of reinforced-concrete) and construction of the 4 new pump foundations, and also concreting of floors for improvement of drainage of the pump platform. Other work include reconstruction of about 41 km of the machine canal, replacement of 10,5 km of concrete lining and laying of new concrete lining.

The project is focused mainly on the enhancing of the reliability of pump station. The system of electricity supply will be from the existing facilities of networks.

The characteristic of waste expected: - Waste generated during construction stage of the project - Waste generated during cleaning of the pump house.

Regarding such waste accumulated, they should be disposed in coordination with the District Sanitary Epidemic Station.

The project is evaluated considering the IEA report submitted and considering that all the mitigation measures mentioned therein will be executed. However it is necessary to: provide safety of the project in terms of sanitary condition of the sites by maintaining strict sanitary regimes; establishing all the measuring devices; landscaping and gardening of the sites; eliminate pollution of Water; Strictly follow the requirements of the nature protection laws, norms, and rules. provide timely removal of construction waste and recycling to ensure protection of construction sites; provide fire-prevention measures;

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Obtain the sanction of Regional Committee for Nature Protection and regional Hokimiyats for removal of any tree as a necessity;

On the basis of above-stated conditions, Samoblkompriroda approves the implementation of the designed decisions of reconstruction of pump station "Suvli" and machine canal "Suvli" in Pahtachi district of the Samarkand Region, subject to performance of the set of above listed conditions. The control of observance by the requirement of the given conclusion is assigned to the chief of Pahtachi district inspection.

The given conclusion is valid from the date of registration for a period of 3 years.

The chairman of committee Z.U.Jamolov

Seal signature

Executor I.A.Razikov

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