May 2015 2 SOURCE: UN WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, 2014 80%
70%
Today 60% 50%
% Urban % 40%
30%
20%
GHANA’S SUCCESSFUL URBANIZATION 10% 0% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 3
Full range of GDP per capita % Urban Share Urban %
GDP per capita, USD thousands constant int’l Geary-Khamis SOURCE: MADDISON 2006; UNITED NATIONS 1969, 1949, 1953, 2006C; HISTORICAL DATABASE OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 4 Strong relationship between income and urbanization 100 90 Urbanization 80 rate, % 70 60 50 40 30 All countries, 2013 20 Ghana, 1990-2013 10 Log. (All countries, 2013) 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Log GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 US$)
SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 5 Poverty incidence in selected regional areas % 80 1991 70 2012/13 73 60 62 53 55 50 40 38 30 28 30 28 23 26 26 20 10 10 10 0 ACCRA URBAN URBAN URBAN RURAL RURAL RURAL (GAMA) COASTAL FOREST SAVANNAH COASTAL FOREST SAVANNAH SOURCE: GSS 2013, 2014. 6 Secondary education attainment of population 15+ years % 2000 40 2010 30 32 32 30 28 25 25 20 18 17 14 14 14 15 10 11 12 6 7 0 ACCRA KUMASI SEKONDI/TAKORADI TAMALE TEMA CLASS 6 CLASS 7 OTHERS
SOURCE: GUR I, ANNEX TABLE 14 7 SOURCE: UN WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, 2014 80%
70%
Today 60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
CHALLENGES IN FURTHER ENHANCING ECONOMIC GROWTH 10% AND INCLUSION THROUGH CITIES
0% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 8 GHANA’S URBAN POPULATION
9 ADDING ANOTHER LIBERIA!
10 DOUBLE IN JUST TWENTY YEARS!
11 12 1985 14 12 10 8 2013
6 (% of GDP) of (% 4 2 Urbanization rate (%) added value Manufacturing 0 30 35 40 45 50 55
SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 13 Sources of Ghana’s growth % Capital accumulation Human capital accumulation 8 Labor reallocation Total factor productivity 6 4 2 0 -2 1992-2006 2006-2010 SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 14 Share of employment – metropolitan areas Accra Kumasi Sekondi/Takoradi Tamale Tema
33.7 WHOLESALE 38.7 27.2 & RETAIL 30.4 28.6
13.3 13.4 MANUFACTURING 17.5 12.9 18
0 10 20 30 40 50
SOURCE: GHANA UR 15 Urban Footprint of West African Cities 1,400 1990 2002 2012 1,200 Area in 1148 1,000 sq kms 800 600 563 400
286 276 200 258 237 196 227 157 158 0 110 95 Abidjan Accra Conarky Cotonou
SOURCE: WORLD BANK, THE FUTURE OF WATER IN AFRICAN CITIES: WHY WASTE WATER (2013) 16 Population Urban Density per Km2 circa 1990 circa 2000 Circa 2014 20000
15368 15000
11155 10000 9842
6961 7037 5273 5651 5000 4209 2947 1804 2460 0 0 ABIDJAN ACCRA COTONOU CONARKY
17 Means of transport to and from workplace, 2007 foot trotro shared taxi 39.3
KUMASI 22.6
24.7
32.8
ACCRA 41.6
5.8
0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of total Source: National Transport Survey 2007. 18 Change in access to piped water + toilet, 2000-10 Safe toilet facilities Piped water % ACCRA KUMASI SEKONDI/TAKORADI TAMALE TEMA CLASS 6 CLASS 7 OTHERS 20
10.9 10 9.3 10.1 1.7 0 -3.7 -3.8 -1.5 -0.5 -5.7 -7.7 -8 -7.3 -11.1 -10 -16.5 -20.3 -22.2 -20 -30
SOURCE: GUR I ANNEX TABLES. 19 Monthly income USD$638 Monthly income 15% of pop 15% of pop required for cheapest complete house USD$970 80% 25% of pop Pop in slums 53% 50% of pop Pop in slums
60% of pop 35% of pop
ADDIS ABABA GHANA
SOURCES: UN-HABITAT GHANA HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE 2011 AFFORDABLE HOUSING INSTITUTE ETHIOPIA COUNTRY CASE STUDY 2014 20 Available financing at MMDA Infrastructure remains marginal financing gap
Pc today
Source: Ghana UR 21 Policy priorities
22 EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY Enables workers, firms, Enables new business Enables dev and construction materials to locate at Enables most efficient location: development of coordination and and agglomeration agglomeration effects connective financing economies infrastructure INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION Improves access Strengthens Supports the Improves service capacity for provision of basic delivery and to affordable distribution of basic urban services coordination in housing service provision urban services 23 24 25 26 27 28