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Fueling the Future of an Oil City a Tale of Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana

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Fueling the Future of an Oil City a Tale of Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana Fueling the Future of an Oil City A Tale of Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana CONTRIBUTORS FROM GLOBAL COMMUNITIES: Africa in the 21st Century – Rapid Economic Alberto Wilde and Urban Growth Ghana Country Director Africa is experiencing an economic boom period, with many of the fastest growing world economies Ishmael Adams of the last decade in the continent. Ghana is one of the fastest growing economies within Africa, with IncluCity Project Director multiple years of growth in GDP around 7 percent,1 driven by exports of gold and cocoa and, with oil Brian English production that commenced in 2010, further growth is expected. Director, Program Innovation Simultaneously, the continent is transforming due to the effects of rapid urbanization. Africa is the fastest urbanizing continent with urban growth rate of 3.5 percent per year, with that rate expected to hold until 2050.2 Ghana’s rate of urbanization is currently measured at 3.4 percent3 and the country has reached the milestone of 51 percent of its 24 million people living in cities. Urbanization and economic growth spur opportunity but also present challenges such as growth of slums to accommodate the influx of people seeking better jobs and lives in the cities. In turn this can lead to poor quality services and inequalities exacerbated by crime and conflict. Over the last few decades we have also seen an increase in urban disasters. Poor, cramped living conditions, such as those we saw in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2010, can lead to even deadlier and more destructive disasters.4 The world is changing how it views Africa, from seeing the continent through the lens of vulnerability to seeing it through the lens of opportunity. While the increase in foreign direct investment is a catalyst for profound, positive change, at the same time it is essential to continue focusing on meeting the 1 Global Economic Prospects, The World Bank, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/ Resources/334934-1322593305595/8287139-1371060762480/GEP2013b_full_report.pdf 2 Urbanization in Africa, African Development Bank Group, http://www.afdb.org/en/blogs/afdb-championing-inclusive-growth-across-africa/post/ urbanization-in-africa-10143/ 3 Ghana Urbanization, Index Mundi, http://www.indexmundi.com/ghana/urbanization.html 4 Courtney Brown, “The 21st Century Urban Disaster,” Global Communities, http://www.globalcommunities.org/publications/2012-chf-urban- disasters.pdf Ghana Facts • Ghana’s population is about 24 million, while 5.5 million people, half the urban population, live in poor informal settlements (slums). • Ghana’s economy is growing faster than the average African country; its Gross Domestic Product was more than $83 billion in 2012. • Ghana is similar in size to Great Britain. • The capital is Accra; other cities include Sekondi-Takoradi, Kumasi and Tamale. • English is the official language but more than 70 languages are spoken nationwide. • Formerly known as the Gold Coast, Ghana was governed by the British until 1957. Now, Ghana’s government is a constitutional democracy. • Ghana is Africa’s second largest gold producer and the second largest producer of cocoa. • About 71% of Ghanaians are Christian, 18% are Muslim and most others adhere to traditional beliefs. Ghana map by Burmesedays, minor amendments Joelf, via Wikimedia Commons Sources: CIA World Factbook, World Bank, touringGhana.com needs of disadvantaged communities, including the rapidly increasing number of slum-dwellers in cities. Ongoing economic growth requires social stability, which can be greatly assisted by urban planning that addresses the equitable provision of public services to all citizens. Rapid Urbanization Needs Urgent Attention Urbanization in the West took place over centuries, growing in intensity with the industrial revolution. Cities developed alongside evolving political and economic structures and technology with little precedent. African urbanization, however, is taking place at a different juncture in history and at a much more rapid pace. Today, we have international precedents, best practices and technology that allow us to skip decades of development, such as bypassing landlines to move directly to mobile technology. But we need to use all of this knowledge and technology to be able to match the rapid demographic shifts occurring in Africa today. African countries such as Ghana have a tremendous window of opportunity to create the social and physical infrastructure that ensures their growing urban populations benefit from the economic growth the continent is undergoing. It is essential that this is approached with a long-term view, to create sustainable communities and cities. But across the continent, the window of opportunity has to be taken advantage of now, to avoid the hazards of sprawling, unmanaged slum-cities. The Most Pressing Urban Challenges Some of the most pressing challenges facing African cities include: • Equitable public services: in order to provide effective services to all citizens, a city must know who lives where; how many people live in each home; what their needs are; how are these needs being met currently and to what extent; and most of all, what is missing. • Paying for public services: to remedy missing or underdeveloped services, cities must generate revenue by putting into place a fair system of taxation, without which service delivery becomes impossible. • Responsive governance: To ensure that municipalities provide services that are both effective and fair, they must put into place a method for citizen feedback that is useful and practical. Fueling the Future of an Oil City — a Tale of Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana | Global Communities 2 Crude oil is becoming one of the chief industries in Sekondi-Takoradi and likely to grow rapidly. The following case study illustrates some of the steps being taken in the Ghanaian city of Sekondi-Takoradi to address these issues and to help this rapidly growing city take full advantage of economic growth to create a sustainable set of services for its population. Sekondi-Takoradi Sekondi-Takoradi is comprised of the twin cities of Sekondi and Takoradi and is the capital of the Western Region of Ghana. It is the region’s largest city, as well as the fourth largest in Ghana, and is an industrial and commercial center, with a population of approximately 560,000 people.5 Demographically, nearly 45 percent of the population is below the age of 14, and 52 percent are between 15 and 64, while 69 percent of the area’s population is urban. Sekondi-Takoradi is comparable in size to Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The chief industries in Sekondi-Takoradi are timber, plywood, shipbuilding and railroad repair. Recently, sweet crude oil and crude oil6 have joined these and the city will likely continue to grow rapidly. Sekondi-Takoradi and the nearby region have many beaches with potential for tourism. Global Communities began working in partnership with the Sekondi-Takoradi Municipal Authority (STMA) and local organizations in January 2008 on slum upgrading projects. However, in October 2011, through the IncluCity project, Global Communities commenced work with the city to begin addressing holistic needs such as service provision, revenue generation and citizen-municipal relationships. 5 Ghana 2010 Population and Housing Census 6 The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2012, Columbia University Press. http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/sekondi- takoradi.html Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana Fueling the Future of an Oil City — a Tale of Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana | Global Communities 3 ³ ³ ³ MPOHOR WASSA EAST DISTRICT MPOHOR WASSA EAST DIISTRIICT MPOHOR WASSA EAST DISTRICT MPOHOR WASSA EAST DISTRICT Eshiem MPOHOR WASSA EAST DISTRICT Eshiem SHAMA DIISTRIICT SHAMA DIISTRIICT Eshiem SHAMA DIISTRIICT Mpintsin Mpintsin Mpintsin Osofokrom Osofokrom Osofokrom Anoe Anoe Anoe E ss ssii kkaad u --K eettaan E ss ssii kkaad u --K eettaan E ss ssii kkaad u --K eettaan Essipong Essipong Farm lands Kojokrom Essipong Farm lands Ahanta Abasa Deabenekrom Kojokrom Ahanta Abasa Deabenekrom Farm lands Ahanta Abasa Deabenekrom Kojokrom Twabewu Twabewu Twabewu Mampong Mampong Nkenya Mampong Nkenya Ngyiresia Ngyiresia Nkenya Ngyiresia Akromakrom Ahinkofikrom Akromakrom Ahinkofikrom Akromakrom Ahinkofikrom Mempeasem Mempeasem Mempeasem KansawuradoNkroful KansawuradoNkroful KansawuradoNkroful Ketan Ketan Ketan Butumagyebu Butumagyebu Butumagyebu Ntankoful Essikado Ntankoful Essikado Ntankoful Essikado Bakado Bakado Bakado S ee kko n d ii Bakaekyir S ee kko n d ii Bakaekyir S ee kko n d ii Bakaekyir Adiembra Anaji Fijai Adiembra Sekondi Anaji Fijai Sekondi Anaji Fijai Adiembra Sekondi AdientemMpatado AdientemMpatado AdientemMpatado Kweikuma Kweikuma Ekuase Kweikuma Whindo Ekuase Whindo Whindo Ekuase E ff ffiiaa-- K w eess iim ii n ttssii m Essaman E ff ffiiaa-- K w eess iim ii n ttssii m Essaman E ff ffiiaa-- K w eess iim ii n ttssii m Essaman Assakae Effia Agyamoa Bakam Assakae Effia Agyamoa Bakam Assakae Effia Agyamoa Bakam Nkontompo Nkontompo Nkontompo West TanokromEffiakuma Legend West TanokromEffiakuma West TanokromEffiakuma New Takoradi New Takoradi New Takoradi Apremdo East Tanokrom Very low Apremdo East Tanokrom Legend Apremdo East Tanokrom Kwesimintsim Gulf of Guinea Kwesimintsim Gulf of Guinea Kwesimintsim Gulf of Guinea Low Very low Legend Takoradi Medium Takoradi Low Takoradi Very low Chapel Hill Chapel Hill Chapel Hill T aakko rraa d ii Takoradi Harbour High T aakko rraa d ii Takoradi Harbour Medium T aakko rraa d ii Takoradi Harbour Low AHANTA WEST DIISTRIICT
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