DOCSLIB.ORG

The Bible As Architectural Text

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Bible As Architectural Text KyleSome years ago I received, Dugdale as a wedding present, a rather large and corre- spondingly heavy “study Bible.” That there should exist such a well-defined category is already a matter of some interest—implying, as it might appear, that other biblical formats are less suitable for study. But the precise identity of this distinctly pious gift was also telling: after all, the Bible is one of the few texts currently in circulation for which it remains Drawingtrue, even and perhaps especially today, that the veryBelow choice of transla- the Line: tion can go some way toward informing an assessment of the attitudes of the reader, or, in this instance, of the giver. There are not many texts—certainly not architectural texts—for which Thethis is obviously theBible case. Although one might be tempted as to draw Architectural Text conclusions from an individual’s preference for the Wall Street Journal over the New York Times, it is less likely that one would feel equipped to judge an architect’s fundamental convictions based solely on a pref- erence for reading Vitruvius in Ingrid Rowland’s or in Joseph Gwilt’s translation. And even the most violent disagreements over Etchells v. Goodman as legitimate translators of Le Corbusier are likely to remain largely academic in scope. 16 This particular Bible, however, was an English Standard Version Study Bible, published in 2008. Those familiar with such objects will doubtless be tempted to read theological persuasions into the very title, not to men- tion the ambitions of the translation. And this is not even to venture into the fraught realm of exegesis. Study Bibles are principally known, after all, for supplementing the biblical text with interpretative content, which plunges the reader into a world of closely argued theological debate. As the ESV Study Bible’s managing editor puts it, with some doctrinal circumspection, “The most important feature in a study Bible is the hor- izontal line that divides the biblical text from the biblical interpretation. 1 * I owe a debt of gratitude to the anonymous reviewers of my manuscript, and also to Bruce Gordon, Titus Street Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Yale Divinity School, for timely critique and encouragement. The responsibility for surviving errors and infelicities is mine alone. Thresholds 46 Scatter! Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00026 by guest on 28 September 2021 Everything above the line is inerrant and infallible. Everything below the Kyle Dugdale 1 line is filled with good intentions but may not be true.” The typical page in the ESV Study Bible contains, in fact, more than one dividing line (Figure 1). For in terms of its sheer capacity for the collection and distribution of information, it is an exceptionally sophis- Drawing Below theticated document.Line: The translated nine-point text is not only paginated, systematized, and organized into chapter, section, paragraph, and verse, as we have come to expect from the biblical codex; it is also typeset to reflect such nuances as distinctions in literary genre, patterns in literary structure, or quotations of earlier texts. It is then heavily annotated with The Bible as Architecturalsupplemental information in multiple surrounding Textlayers, distinguished by typeface, format, and layout. This supplemental information constitutes a massive accumulation of scholarship across periods and disciplines. As the publisher notes, it rep- resents the writing of 95 distinct contributors; but it clearly draws on the work of many thousands more. The word count alone is prodigious, and carefully enumerated: “in addition to the 757,000 words of the ESV Bible 17 itself, the notes and resources of the ESV Study Bible comprise an addi- tional 1.1 million words.”2 Those 1.1 million words include footnotes with references to original vocabularies, citations of manuscript variants, and alternative translations; sidebars with cross-references to related passages; and, especially, double-column seven-point interpretative notes tied explicitly to specific words in the principal text and themselves based on a long exegetical tradition. These are complemented in turn by discursive introductions, summaries, chronologies, diagrams, topogra- phies, concordance supplements, and appendices covering every con- ceivable subject from the most monumental (“A Survey of the History of Salvation”) to the most precise (“The Hebrew Calendar Compared to the Gregorian Calendar”). For the architect, such a document is curiously familiar. For the book is structured precisely in the manner of a good set of working 1 Justin Taylor, “Study Bibles as Theological Tool Kits,” Tabletalk Magazine, September 1, 2015, https://tabletalkmagazine.com/article/2015/09/ study-bibles-theological-tool-kits/. 2 Publisher’s description, ESV Study Bible, accessed 14 May, 2008, www.esvstudybible.org. Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00026 by guest on 28 September 2021 Kyle Dugdale Drawing Below the Line: The Bible as Architectural Text Figure 1: The Word, surrounded by words: a representative spread from the ESV Study Bible, covering twenty-six verses from the first chapter of the Book of Genesis. Taken from the ESV® Study Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright ©2008 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights 18 reserved. drawings—where each sheet, each drawing, is composed, categorized, dated, revised, annotated, and cross-referenced not only to other sheets that provide broader context, disciplinary overlays, or more specific details at progressively larger scales, but also to a set of written spec- ifications. That, in turn, invokes a fully formed world of established vocabularies, standards, and contractual obligations, with its own set of commitments to inerrancy, infallibility, and the precedence of one form of information over another. Architectural image is thus tied back to text, the drawing to more easily litigated words. On the face of it, the system maintains an equivalency between different modes of communication; but here too, in reality, the text takes precedence, as suggested by the familiar concession of the legally circumspect “model language” offered in Article 1 of the AIA’s Document A503–2007, Guide for Supplementary Conditions. In theory the document rejects the superiority of one form of information over another: Thresholds 46 Scatter! Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00026 by guest on 28 September 2021 § 1.2.1 The AIA General Conditions do not establish a system of precedence among the Contract Documents, but provide that all documents are complementary. In the event of inconsistencies among the Contract Documents, the Architect is to interpret them accordingly. Establishing a fixed order of priority is not recommended because no one document constitutes the best authority on all issues that may arise. But here too, in practice, distinctions may be made: § 1.2.1.1 In the event of conflicts or discrepancies among the Contract Documents, interpretations will be based on the following priorities: There follows a list of these priorities, among which drawings are con- spicuously close to the bottom, the image ceding to the authority of the text (Figure 2).3 19 Figure 2: Priority of the word: an image of an excerpt from AIA Document A503™–2007 (formerly A511™–1999), Guide for Supplementary Conditions. Photograph by author. The acknowledged history of revision and of copyright is itself a commentary on such a document’s claims to authority and inerrancy. Copyright © 1973, 1977, 1980, 1987, 1999 and 2007 by The American Institute of Architects. 3 American Institute of Architects, AIA Document A503™–2007, www.aiacontracts.org/ contract-documents/24281-guide-for-supplementary-conditions. Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00026 by guest on 28 September 2021 Kyle Dugdale Drawing Below the Line: The Bible as Architectural Text Figure 3: Biblical architecture: a fully rendered and annotated cutaway perspective, with associated key plan, in the pages of the ESV Study Bible. Taken from the ESV® Study Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright ©2008 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. 20 As in architectural contracts, so in biblical matters the authority of the text is critical. By the same token, the authority of drawings may be deemed marginal. Indeed, the relationship between word and image has been and remains a fraught issue—part of a trajectory of prohibition that long predates the composition of the Greek New Testament. So it is not to be taken for granted that there should be illustrations pres- ent in any Bible. The transmission of the written word does not always welcome the addition of graven images, whether the context is biblical or architectural: this is equally true, as Mario Carpo has argued, for the ten books of Vitruvius, the “bible of the architects.”4 And yet—for all its closely-printed words and its explicit commitment to the Word in black 4 For a parallel exegesis see Mario Carpo, “Vitruvius, Text and Image,” in Architecture in the Age of Printing: Orality, Writing, Typography, and Printed Images in the History of Architectural Theory, trans. Sarah Benson (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), 16–22, concluding that “for the most part,” both for ideological and for technical reasons, “Vitruvius, like Alberti fifteen centuries later, refused to illustrate his treatise” (18). For Vitruvius as Bible, “object of an almost theological canonization,” see also 102–103. Thresholds 46 Scatter! Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00026 by guest on 28 September 2021 and white, the ESV Study Bible also contains “40 all-new illustrations,” printed in full color.5 Those illustrations are carefully chosen and, it must be said, commissioned and produced with some care. That the Bible should be illustrated is already worthy of note.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GREEK SOURCES of the COMPLUTENSIAN POLYGLOT Natalio Fernández Marcos Centro De Ciencias Humanas Y Sociales. CSIC. Madrid In
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC GREEK SOURCES OF THE COMPLUTENSIAN POLYGLOT Natalio Fernández Marcos Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. CSIC. Madrid In the Grinfield Lectures 2003 devoted to The Study of the Septuagint in Early Modern Europe Prof. Scott Mandelbrote deals, among other interesting issues, with the text of the Alcalá Polyglot, the earliest printed text of the Septuagint completed the 10th July 1517. He pointed out the impact of the arrival of Codex Alexandrinus in England in 1627 and its use as one of the main authorities for the London Polyglot (1653–1657), whose editor, Brian Walton, was especially critical of the text of the Complutensian Polyglot and the precise age of the manuscripts on which it had been based.1 Indeed, Walton’s judgement is highly negative; he maintains that the Greek text of the Alcalá Polyglot is very far from the genuine Septuagint. It is a compilation of several different texts with Hexaplaric additions and even Greek commentaries in an attempt to relate it to the Hebrew text printed in the parallel column.2 He backs up his statement with some examples taken from the first chapter of the book of Job. Since then the vexed problem of the Greek manuscripts used by the Complutensian philologists has been dealt with by different scholars, including myself. However, I think it is worthwhile taking another look at the question in the light of new evidence which has recently been published in the context of Septuagint textual criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • 209 the “Social Topography” of England in Our Period, and in Particular the Condition of the Rural and Village Poor. the Co
    reviews 209 the “social topography” of England in our period, and in particular the condition of the rural and village poor. The collection concludes with two further essays on urban and cultural life. Peter Borsay’s account of the growth and life of War- wickshire towns exposes a rare gap in Dugdale’s scholarship. For while he mapped towns, he was not especially interested in their social and economic texture, or the life of the “middling sort”; in this sense, Borsay’s exploration complements Hindle’s chapter. Finally, Catherine Richardson’s treatment of material culture reveals—as does Tyack’s discussion of houses—the complex manner in which all ranks of society carried on a process of self-fashioning; here the approach is reminiscent of Daniel Woolf’s seminal work, The Social Circulation of the Past (2003). It will be clear that this collection is distinguished by remarkable depth and cohesion. It has been meticulously edited, with attention to detail that surely would have thrilled its subject: the text is clean, the illustrations are large and properly reproduced and, most importantly, the collection reflects a commitment to interdisciplinary research that is vital in coming to grips with the complex social, cultural, and mental worlds in which Dugdale lived and which he so carefully documented in his own right. Ariel Hessayon and Nicholas Keene, ed. Scripture and Scholarship in Early Modern England.Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006. xi + 255 pp. + 1 illus. $120.00. Review by stephen taylor, university of reading. In the Arts supplement of the London edition of the Financial Times, there is a regular feature entitled “How to judge a book by its cover.” The dust-jacket of this volume repays attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 07:31:28PM Via Free Access Tracing the Human Past 61
    Chapter 2 Tracing the Human Past: The Art of Writing Between Human Ingenuity and Divine Agency in Early Modern World History Jetze Touber Abstract In this chapter, Jetze Touber examines the changing views on the history of writing, in the context of ‘early modern world history’. Early modern efforts to reconstruct the origin of the art of writing in various parts of the globe problematised the rela- tion of ‘world history’ to biblical history as a divinely laid out, providential path of human development. Touber shows how in the seventeenth century scholars generally agreed that the ancient Hebrews, God’s Chosen People, had acquired the alphabetic script as a divine gift. A century later, however, the Encyclopédie ascribed the origin of the alphabet to an anonymous Egyptian scribe, who developed it as a secret code for government administration, impenetrable for the uninitiated. The correspondence of Gijsbert Cuper, magistrate and antiquarian, with an extensive network of interna- tional contacts, provides a unique window through which we can observe how the evolving reconstruction of the history of alphabetic writing impacted on world his- tory. Around 1700 Cuper and his correspondents discussed the then recently discov- ered inscriptions in a variety of antique scripts from around the world. Getting access to and making sense of inscribed artefacts required collective effort. It also required special skills in faithfully reproducing letters. The study of inscriptions acquired some of the characteristics of the natural sciences, with their increasing sophistication in graphic reproduction. Scholars studying ancient scripts in this period might ignore the deciphering of texts, and focus on letterforms, in order to trace the diffusion of peoples from Paradise and the ancient Israelites.
    [Show full text]
  • Settling the London Tithe Debates
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Morrison, Stuart (2018) Print, Debate and the Public Sphere in the London Tithes Cause, c.1600-1650. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR http://kar.kent.ac.uk/68978/ Document Version Publisher pdf Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html PRINT, DEBATE AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE IN THE LONDON TITHES CAUSE, C.1600-1650 For Books are not absolutely dead things, but doe contain a potencie of life in them to be as active as the soule was whose progeny they are John Milton, Areopagitica (London: [s. n.], 1644), p. 4. Presented to the Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies at the University of Kent, in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Polyglots: the Bible in Multiple Tongues, 1502-1657 Secondary Sources
    CATHEDRALSPOLYGLOTS OF PRINT Polyglots: The Bible in Multiple Tongues, 1502-1657 Bibliography This resource is meant to be illustrative, not comprehensive. The resources shown here represent only the tip of the iceberg of the historical and cultural significance of the great polyglot Bibles. The works listed here will serve as a starting point for a deeper investigation of these great books and their impact. Secondary Sources Abad, Julián Martín. The Printing Press at Alcalá de Henares: The Complutensian Polyglot Bible.” In The Bible As Book: The First Printed Editions. Edited by Paul Saenger and Kimberly Van Kampen. London: The British Library & Oak Knoll Press in association with The Scriptorium Center for Chris- tian Antiquities, 1999, 101-115. Barker, Nicholas. “The Polyglot Bible.” In The Cambridge History of the Bible Vol. IV: 1557-1695. Edited by John Barnard and D.F. McKenzie with the assistance of Maureen Bell. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 2002, 648-651. Bell, Dean Phillip. Jews in the Early Modern World. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. Contini, Riccardo. “Gli inizi della linguistica siriaca nell’Europa rinascimentale.” In Italia ed Europa nella linguistica del Rinascimento:: confronti e relazioni : atti del Convegno internazionale : Ferr- ara, Palazzo Paradiso, 20-24 marzo 1991 / a cura di Mirko Tavoni ... [et al.] = Italy and Europe in Renaissance linguistics : comparisons and relations : proceedings of the international conference, Ferrara, Palazzo Paradiso, 20-24 March 1991. Edited by Mirko Tavoni, et al. Modena: F.C. Panini, 1996, 483-502. Fernández Marcos, Natalio. “Greek Sources of the Complutensian Polyglot.” Jewish Reception of Greek Bible Versions: Studies in Their Use in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
    [Show full text]
  • The Textual Significance of Spanish Polyglot Bibles *
    The Textual Significance of Spanish Polyglot Bibles * M.^ Victoria SPOTTORNO CSIC, Madrid It is generally accepted that the royal decision to achieve reli­ gious and political unity among Spanish Kingdoms was a traumatic experience for the society of the late years of the 15th century. Two important circumstances contributed to make it more dif­ ficult: on the one hand the end of the Muslim official presence in the Peninsula and the expulsion of the Jews, that generated a con­ siderable number of conversos who did not wholly abandon their religious traditions; and on the other hand the deficient intellec­ tual and theological preparation of the clergy, otherwise morally depraved, that was gradually declining. Cardinal Cisneros took both issues to heart and worked with his resources, energy and perseverance for the sake of the changes he thought imperative. The Inquisition was the instrument to deal with the conversos, and a vast program of reformation was planned for the clergy. Devoted to the administrative duties and political activities, he wisely drew the core of his plans of renewal: the University of Alcalá and the edition of the Polyglot Bible. Only at the end of his life could he contemplate the stimulating success of his twofold enterprise. In the Middle Ages the Bible had been gradually substituted by compilations of holy stories and scholastic accounts of the Old and This essay is a revision of the lecture read at the International Colloquium on «The Bible and the Spanish Renaissance: Cardinal Ximénez de Cisneros and the Complutensian Polyglot» held at Loyola University, Chicago, 10-13 June 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Hadleigil. Before I Attempt.To Execute the Task Which
    HADLEIGil. Before I attempt.to execute the task which has been committedto me, I cannotrefrainfromexpressingmy un- feigned regret that it has not been entrustedto some one possessedof more antiquarian knowledge, and therefore morecompetentthan myselfto do it justice. I do not say this as a matter of course, or from any feeling of false modesty,but fromthe sincereconviction,ofthe correctness of whichI fear I shallgive you toomanyproofs,that I am not equalto the Subject. I can say, indeed, with perfect truth, that I shouldhavenever venturedofmy ownaccord to placemyselfin this position. I havebeen led into it by the requestof a memberof the committeeof the Archmo- logicalInstitute, and have consented to accept it in the belief that no other resident was likely to desire or ac- cept it. I therefore hope that, insteadof being thought guilty of presumption,I shall be favoured with the in- dulgence of this Meeting, and that if I shall have in the members 'of the Institute a critical, I shall not have a censoriousaudience that my deficiencieswill be good-naturedlyregarded,and together with any mistakes that I maymake,will elicitmorefullandaccurateinforma- tion. I think that I cannotdobetter than arrangethe remarks , whichI am aboutto make, under three generalheads,and ' treat in successionofthe town, the church,and the cele- brated men whohavebeen-bornin, or connectedwiththe parish. I.-THE TOWN. The town,then, laysclaimto considerableantiquity,and if the supposedetymologyof its name,—"head"—chief, 4 HADLEIGH. and " leage"—place, be correct, Hadleigh would seemto have been a place of importance even in Saxon times. And indeed the inference,which is thus suggestedby its name, is confirmedby historical evidence of good authority.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Face of the Arabic Bible: Translation Techniques in Early Renditions of Ezekiel
    Open Theology 2016; 2: 832–848 Bible Translation Open Access Miriam L. Hjälm* The Changing Face of the Arabic Bible: Translation Techniques in Early Renditions of Ezekiel DOI 10.1515/opth-2016-0062 Received March 15, 2016; accepted August 9, 2016 Abstract: This article presents a study of Ezekiel 1 in five unpublished Christian Arabic manuscripts dated from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries. We will demonstrate that the manuscripts, in principal, represent two different versions. Both versions are based on the Syriac Peshiṭṭa but various degrees of influence from the Septuagint are evident. Our main aim is to examine the approach to translation exhibited in the manuscripts. In general, the earliest witness represents a literal translation which pays attention to structural affinity but allows for minor deviations, mainly omissions for the sake of the target language. In the younger manuscripts, an increasing number of additions are introduced as a means of commenting, clarifying and ornamenting the biblical narrative. It appears that texts in the traditional liturgical languages were still in use, which explains their non-literal and target-oriented character. Keywords: Arabic; Ezekiel; Bible translation; Near Eastern Christians; sacred language The origin of the Bible in Arabic is largely veiled to modern scholars. Some have argued that the Bible was translated into Arabic in pre-Islamic times, and thereby they question the status of the Qurʾān as the first extensive work composed in the Arabic tongue.1 Based on the lack of reliable sources,2 most scholars conclude that written translations of the Bible into Arabic do not appear until after the rise and spread of Islam.3 The most ancient renditions in our possession are datable to the dawn of the ninth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyglot Bible: Psalter
    University of Dayton eCommons Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Commentaries on the Exhibit’s Works Progress November 2014 Polyglot Bible: Psalter Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/rosebk_commentary Recommended Citation "Polyglot Bible: Psalter" (2014). Commentaries on the Exhibit’s Works. 45. http://ecommons.udayton.edu/rosebk_commentary/45 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Commentaries on the Exhibit’s Works by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Reflections on the various works in the exhibit Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress Highlights from the Rose Rare Book Collection, Sept. 29-Nov. 9, 2014 Roesch Library, University of Dayton Polyglot Bible: Psalter 1516 First edition in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, and Arabic rigen (184/185–253/254) created although a specimen leaf survives in the the first polyglot Bible, which is Bibliothèque National de France. O called the Hexapla because it was The Genoa Psalter on display is possibly in six columns. This presented the Old the first polyglot work of its type to be Testament in Hebrew, a word-by-word published, although some would give credit Greek transliteration of the Hebrew, and to Erasmus’s trilingual edition of the Psalms four Greek translations that included the in an appendix to the eighth volume of his Septuagint as revised by Origen. The only Jerome (Basel, 1516). The Psalter’s eight complete copy, said to have run to 6,000 columns provide the Hebrew, a literal Latin pages, was kept in the library of the bishops translation, the Latin Vulgate, the Greek of Caesarea.
    [Show full text]
  • Nistorg of of 64Utc4* Panor of Zit(Iligan
    Thank you for buying from Flatcapsandbonnets.com Click here to revisit THE Nistorg of Of 64utc4* Panor of Zit(Iligan IN THR COUNTY OP LANCASTER. BY THE HONOURABLE AND REVEREND GEORGE T. 0. BRIDGEMAN, Redo, of Wig am, /Amoral). Canon of Ltrtrrool, dad Chap/aim is (Ordinary fi flu Gana. (Auitiott OP "A HISTORY OF 111E PRINCES OF Sol'TH WALES," VIC.) PART III. PRINTED FOR THE CHETHAM SOCIETY. 1889. www.flatcapsandbonnets.com Thank you for buying from Flatcapsandbonnets.com Click here to revisit eitstorp of die elyg rclj anb 41]; anon of Wigan. PART III. ON the deprivation of bishop Bridgeman a nonconformist minister was put into possession of the church and parsonage of Wigan. JAMES BRADSIIAW, the presbyterian rector who succeeded Bridgeman, entered upon the cure about 1643. He was the son of John Bradshaw, of Darcy Lever, near Bolton-le-Moors, a gentleman of good family, by Alice, daughter of Robert Lever, of Darcy Lever, his first wife.' Mr. John Bradshaw, the father, died in 1662,2 and was succeeded at Darcy Lever Hall by his son James, the subject of this memoir. James Bradshaw was born at Darcy Lever.; about the year 1612.4 Dr. Calamy informs us that his father sent his three sons to Oxford, where they were brought up to the three learned professions,—of law, divinity, and physics The above-mentioned James Bradshaw was educated at Brazen- nose College, Oxford, and while rector of Wigan he lived at the ' Dugdale's lisitatiois of Lassra.rhirr, Chetham Soc., vol. laxxiv. p. 51. Arms of Bradshaw of Darcy Lever, as entered in Dugdale's {'urlriaor by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • JAMES USSHER Copyright Material: Irish Manuscripts Commission
    U1-030215qxd.qxd:Layout 1 3/2/15 11:10 Page i The Correspondence of JAMES USSHER Copyright Material: Irish Manuscripts Commission Commission Manuscripts Irish Material: Copyright U1-030215qxd.qxd:Layout 1 3/2/15 11:10 Page iii The Correspondence of JAMES USSHER 1600–1656 V O L U M E I Commission 1600–1627 Letters no. 1–232 edited by ElizabethanneManuscripts Boran Irish with Latin and Greek translations by David Money Material: Copyright IRISH MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION 2015 U1-030215qxd.qxd:Layout 1 3/2/15 11:10 Page iv For Gertie, Orla and Rosemary — one each. Published by Irish Manuscripts Commission 45 Merrion Square Dublin 2 Ireland www.irishmanuscripts.ie Commission Copyright © Irish Manuscripts Commission 2015 Elizabethanne Boran has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000, Section 107. Manuscripts ISBN 978-1-874280-89-7 (3 volume set) Irish No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. The index was completed with the support of the Arts andMaterial: Social Sciences Benefaction Fund, Trinity College, Dublin. CopyrightTypeset by December Publications in Adobe Garamond and Times New Roman Printed by Brunswick Press Index prepared by Steve Flanders U1-030215qxd.qxd:Layout 1 3/2/15 11:10 Page v S E R I E S C O N T E N T S V O L U M E I Abbreviations xxv Acknowledgements xxix Introduction xxxi Correspondence of James Ussher: Letters no.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 the Influential Theology of John Owen?
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Communion with God : relations between the divine and the human in the theology of John Owen. Kapic, Kelly Michael The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 Communion with God Relations between the Divine and the Human in the Theology of John Owen Kelly Michael Kapic King's College, London Thesis subm itted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2001 1 Abstract: Communion with God: Relations between the Divine and the Human in the Theology of John Owen This work outlines John Owen's conception of human communion with God.
    [Show full text]