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Hadleigil. Before I Attempt.To Execute the Task Which HADLEIGil. Before I attempt.to execute the task which has been committedto me, I cannotrefrainfromexpressingmy un- feigned regret that it has not been entrustedto some one possessedof more antiquarian knowledge, and therefore morecompetentthan myselfto do it justice. I do not say this as a matter of course, or from any feeling of false modesty,but fromthe sincereconviction,ofthe correctness of whichI fear I shallgive you toomanyproofs,that I am not equalto the Subject. I can say, indeed, with perfect truth, that I shouldhavenever venturedofmy ownaccord to placemyselfin this position. I havebeen led into it by the requestof a memberof the committeeof the Archmo- logicalInstitute, and have consented to accept it in the belief that no other resident was likely to desire or ac- cept it. I therefore hope that, insteadof being thought guilty of presumption,I shall be favoured with the in- dulgence of this Meeting, and that if I shall have in the members 'of the Institute a critical, I shall not have a censoriousaudience that my deficiencieswill be good-naturedlyregarded,and together with any mistakes that I maymake,will elicitmorefullandaccurateinforma- tion. I think that I cannotdobetter than arrangethe remarks , whichI am aboutto make, under three generalheads,and ' treat in successionofthe town, the church,and the cele- brated men whohavebeen-bornin, or connectedwiththe parish. I.-THE TOWN. The town,then, laysclaimto considerableantiquity,and if the supposedetymologyof its name,—"head"—chief, 4 HADLEIGH. and " leage"—place, be correct, Hadleigh would seemto have been a place of importance even in Saxon times. And indeed the inference,which is thus suggestedby its name, is confirmedby historical evidence of good authority. In the AnnalsofAsser,*a monkof St. David's, and the mostlearnedmanin the country of his day,—the favourite companion,moreover, of King Alfred,—it is stated: "Anno DCCCXC obiit Guthram Rex Paganorum, qui et Athelstani " nomen in baptismo suscepit. Qui primus apud Orientales Anglos " regnavitpost passionemsanctiregisEdmundi,f ipsamqueregionemdivisit, " coluit atque primus inhabitavit. Mortuus est itaque anno xivo post- " quam baptismum suscepit, mausoleatusque est in villa regia, qtm " vocatur Readleaga apud OrientalesAnglos."-I Guthrum was the great leader of the Danes at that period,andit wasinto his campat Eddington,in Wiltshire, that King Alfredventuredin the disguiseofa harper, with the viewof ascertainingtheir number and their discipline. The issuefromthat visit is wellknown: the Daneswereat- tacked and defeatedby Alfred; Guthrumwastaken priso- ner, and on conditionthat his life wassparedconsentedto becomea Christian. It is clearfrom the words of Asser that Iladleigh was oncea " royaltown," inasmuchas it wasthe placewhere Guthrum resided after he had been advancedby his con- queror to the dignity of King of the East Angles; it is cleartoo, that it wasthe placeof Guthrum'sdeath, and of his burial; and it would also appear, I think, that Had- leigh had no existenceas a townbeforehis days. * Asser was a Welshman, and monk Churton, fromwhom I had venturedto of St David's. The fame of his learn- ask for the authority for a statementto ing caused Alfred to sendfor him, and the same effect in his Early English to propose that he should remain with Church, p. 205. him always; but Asser wouldconsentto The followingauthorities are also re- stay onlyhalfthe year. He was a kind ferred to in the Wilkins' MS., " Vide of Boswellof the middle ages, and he Camden, Weaver, Speed, and Spelman, survivedAlfred. in King Alfred' s Life, fol. p. 36,ubi ita : t The death of Saint Edmund took GuthrumnusHeadleagte(Hadleighhodie place A.D. 870. in Suffolcia),ubipalatiumejuserat, obiit Ed. Gale, p. 171. I am indebted ibiquesepultusest. for this rtferenceto theVen. Archdeacon THE TOWN. 5 But the statementsof the historianDugdalein reference tothe Manor,seemat first sight to throw somedoubtupon the last point. In one portion of his workshe statesthat Elfleda,the wifeofBrithnoth,secondEarl ofEssex, before the Conquest,gavethe manorofHadleighto the churchof Canterbury,with the knowledgeand consent of Ethelred the king, A.D. 835:* and in anotherhe relates that Brith- noth bequeathedit to the same church, after the death of hiswife (that is, tobe madeoverto the churchofCanterbury after the death of Elfleda), A.D. 991.-1. The sameexplana- tion ofthe discrepancyas to the donoris givenin the MSS. ofBrian Twyne4.- " Dux Brithnothus iturus contra Paganosad bellum, consentiente rege "Ethelredo, prwsenteSirico ArchiepoDoroberniw,dedit Ecclesim§Salvo, " toris in civitate Dorobernim has terras Langly et Illegh et Hallegh " liberas sicut Adisham. Hadelegh, tamen concessitElfiede uxori sum " antea pro diebus suis et post redeat ad iccles. Christi Dorobern'. Et "postea eademElfiedadedit eidemecclesim eandentvillamjuris sui nomine " Hadlegh, concedente et consentienteprwdict. rege Ethelredo, libere "sicnt Adisham."i% But you willremarkthat there is a further diffi cultyin Dugdale. He gives differentdatesin his two accountsof the same fact, and this disagreementis of some impor- tance, since if the gift of Brithnoth were made in A.D. 835, it wouldshowthat the villa or townof Hadleighwas in existencebeforethe time of Guthrum: but if the gift weremade in A.D. 991, we have evidence that the town had existed at least 100 years before. A reference, however,to the History of England will satisfactorilyre- movethis seconddifficulty. The reign ofEthelred did not commenceuntilA.D. 978: and in 991the Danes(the "pa- ganos" of Brian Twyne) landed in considerableforce in Essex. Brithnoth,who was Duke of that county,with a braverygreater than that which wasshewnby mostof his • Monast. Angl. vol. 1, P. 20. a. 61,62. § This was the Monastery at Canter- 1. Dugd. Bar. vol. 1. p. 16. a. 27. bury. It was not until 1547 that the In the Library of Corpus Christi manor passed into the hands of the Dean College. 1 take these references from the and Chapter of Canterbury, by whom it is MS. of the Rev. David Wilkins, in the now held. possession of the Rector of Hadleigh. HADLEIGH. compatriotsat that period,venturedto attackthem at Mal- don with a comparativelysmallbody of troops; but his soldierswere overpoweredin the unequalcontest, and.he himselfwas slain.* On the whole, it is clear that the latter date of Britli- noth's gift (991) is the correct one; and I am inclinedto believefromthe languageof Asser(whowas,be it remem- bered, a contemporaryhistorian)," ipsamregionemdivisit, coluit,atque primus in.!" abitavit,"that thetown (eandenzvil- lam)ofBrian Twyne,whichwasin existencein the daysof Brithnoth,wasfoundedbyKing Guthrum. But, however that maybe, there is evidence,from old deeds, that the townhas bornefor manycenturiesmuchthe sameshapein regard to its streetswhich it possessesnow. In the " Ex- tenta " or surveyof the manor made A.D. 1305t, for the Monasteryof Canterbuiy,to shew the value of their pro- perty, mention is madeof " BentoneMeadow;"—Bentone probablymeaning,as a friend has suggested,the " head" or " end" of the town—afeaturewhich distinguishesit to this day. The same name occurs also in 47 Edwardthe Third (A.D.1373),20Richardthe Second(A.D.1396). Hel- street occursin 1st Henry the Fourth (A.D.1399). This street is called Buck Street in 4th Henry the Fifth (A.D.1416),it was afterwardscalled Magdalen Street, 8th Henry the Eighth (A.D. 1516), and George Street—the name which it still bears—in 1654. Hadlie Brigge is spoken of in 21st Edward the Fourth(A.D.1481) Oherche- gate A.D. 1373, and CherchegateStreet 32nd Henry the Sixth (A.D.1453), High Street 12th Henry the Seventh (1496). And whileon this point I wouldadd that in the Extenta of A.D. 1305 a descriptionisgivenofthe manorhouse,&c., 0 Hume' s History of England, vol. 1, and seen Olave, the leader of his enemies, p. 113, and for a fuller account, which a distinguished Christian, such as he after- shows that Brithnoth was an earnest wards became I Ibid 269. Before starting Christian as well as a valiant soldier, see on this expedition, Duke Brithnoth made Archdn. Churton's Early English Church, large gifts of land to the Church of Ely p. 256,260. What a comfort it would also. Camden's Magn, Brit. p. 410. have been to Brithnoth in his dying „ t See Appendix A. moments if Jie could have looked forward THE TOWN. 7 as a messuagewith court-yard,garden,and vineyard,con- taining four acres,and estimatedat the valueof four shil- lings, extendingfrom the king's highwaYto the banks of the river: fromwhichI think we may infer the probability that the presentHadleigh Hall stands on or near the spot on whichthe manorhousestoodmorethan 500yearsago. In DomesdayBookHadleigh had been previouslythus described: " Hadlegh tenet sancta Trinitas temporeregis Edwardi, V. came'terre " pro Manerio, semper XXII villani tunc XXVI bordmanni, modo " XIX. semperII. servi et II. caruc'in dominio. Tune caruc' hominurn " XV. modosemperduo, molend' et XVI. acre prati, modoII. runcini et " XII. avenm,CXX. eves' XX. porc. tunc valuit XII li. : modo XV. " Ecelesiade I, carue' terrelibere et I came' et I molendet valet XII s. " et unus sotmannusXL acr' temporeregisEdwardi. Modoin eademterra " manent III Sotmanni semper habent I caruc' et I acraniprati et unum " lib. ho. et sotmannide' unum LX. acr, temporeregis Edwardi in eadem " terra manent modoIII liberi homineset habent I. caruc' et II acraset " dim. prati tune valuit VIII. s. modoX. Tota habet I. leucamin longi- " tudineet VII. quarent'in latitudineet XI dobdeCrelt." But the Extenta, A.D. 1305,
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