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Chapter 1 the Influential Theology of John Owen? This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Communion with God : relations between the divine and the human in the theology of John Owen. Kapic, Kelly Michael The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 Communion with God Relations between the Divine and the Human in the Theology of John Owen Kelly Michael Kapic King's College, London Thesis subm itted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2001 1 Abstract: Communion with God: Relations between the Divine and the Human in the Theology of John Owen This work outlines John Owen's conception of human communion with God. We argue that his anthropology is best understood by placing it within a framework of relations between God and humanity. What we discover is a Puritan approach that seeks to emphasize a holistic understanding of human existence and a Trinitarian sensibility grounded in an incarnational theology, held together by an experiential concern for the believer. Throughout our study we will see that Owen is best understood as presenting an anthroposensitive theology: he aims to avoid divorcing theological considerations from practical human application, since theological reflections are always interwoven with anthropological concerns. This is achieved primarily through his acknowledgement that fallen humanity's lack of communion with God can only be answered with a consistent Christological and Trinitarian emphasis. Before beginning the analysis outlined above, chapter one of our study provides a needed overview of the growing collection of academic literature on John Owen since such a survey does not yet exist. Chapter two moves into an examination of the primary sources, beginning with a description of Owen's formulation of the imago Dei. Given the realities of the fall and the shattered image, in chapter three we examine Owen's conception of the incarnation, paying special attention to the humanity of Christ. From there we proceed in chapter four to Owen's exposition of the doctrine of justification wherein he seeks to hold together God's redemptive action and human response. Chapter five provides an extended analysis of Owen's conception of the Christian experience of communion with the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We conclude in chapter six by exploring two signs of continuing communion experienced prior to glorification: Lord's day and Lord's Supper. Throughout our study we will expose the reader to the work of this Puritan theologian as he expresses himself in various genres (e.g., sermons, commentary) and occasional writings, providing a broad sampling of Owen's thought. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Acknowledgements 7 Abbreviations 10 Introductory Quotation 11 CHAPTER ONE The Influential Theology of John Owen? A Survey of the Scholarship 12 From the Seventeenth through the Nineteenth Century 15 Scholarship in the Twentieth Century 18 Conclusion 46 CHAPTER TWO Created to Commune with God Owen's Formulation of the imago Dei 49 Distinctions and Terminology 50 Christ's Role as the Image of God 55 Human Faculties as Means to Relationship with God 59 The Importance of the Mind 60 The Role of the Will 63 The Struggle with the Affections 65 The Body as Part of the Image? 68 Tracing the Image through the History of Salvation 70 Conclusion 77 3 CHAPTER THREE Humanity Actualized The Relationship between the Incarnation and Fallen Humanity 79 Why the Incarnation? 80 The Human Debt 80 The Creator/creature Distinction 83 The Son who was Sent 85 Christ as God's Revelation 87 Humiliation: Humanity Actualized and Redeemed in the Son 88 The Assumption of Human Nature 89 Preaching the Assumption 93 Christ's Humanity and Ours 98 Same Human Composition 98 A Sympathetic High Priest 99 Yet Without Sin... 102 Conclusion 109 CHAPTER FOUR Reconciling God and Humanity Looking at the Question of Justification 111 Approaching the Doctrine of Justification 113 How to Understand Justifying Faith 115 Causes of Faith 116 A Person's Duty before Faith 117 The Object of Faith 119 The Nature of Faith 126 Christ's Priestly Importance 129 Justified Once or Twice? 130 Imputation: Receiving the Benefits of Christ 142 Conclusion 150 4 CHAPTER FIVE Human Communion with the Triune God God's Being and Action Informing Human Response 152 Laying the Groundwork 154 The Impossible Becomes Possible 154 Defining Communion 156 Approaching the One Triune God 163 Communion with the Father 171 The Father and Human Psychological Hesitations 171 The Reality of the Love of the Father 173 Believers' Response to the Father 179 Communion with the Son 181 The Character of the Son 182 The Son's Affections for Believers 187 Delight 188 Valuation 190 Pity and Compassion 191 Bounty 192 Communion with Christ through Purchased Grace 192 Acceptance with God 193 Adoption 196 Communion with the Holy Spirit 199 God the Holy Spirit 201 The Work of the Spirit 205 Response to the Spirit 209 Conclusion 211 CHAPTER SIX Signs of Continuing Communion Lord's Day and Lord's Supper 213 Day of Sacred Rest 214 A Creation Ordinance 215 Christologically Transformed 218 5 Hebrews 4: Emphasizing the Already rather than the Not Yet 220 Lord's Supper 227 A Peculiar Communion 228 The Presence of Christ 229 God's Love and Acceptance 234 Conclusion 240 CHAPTER SEVEN Conclusion 242 APPENDIX Comparing Westminster and John Owen's Catechisms on Humanity (including Jesus') 246 Bibliography 247 Primary Sources 247 Secondary Sources 253 6 Acknowledgements Life is full ofjourneys, and those treks are enjoyable primarily because of the people with whom one walks. Although I remain responsible for all that follows - since it can only represent my limited perspective of the many things seen during my excursions - it must be said that if others had not helped me notice details in the landscape and pointed out distant vistas, my own record of the journey would be much less interesting. With this in mind, I would like briefly to thank those who have been so influential along the way. My former teachers Frank A. James III, Roger Nicole, Richard Gamble, and Mark A. Noll all deserve mention for deeply shaping my thinking about Reformation and Post-Reformation theology. Charles MacKenzie was instrumental in introducing me to contemporary Trinitarian studies, encouraging me to go back and investigate neglected Reformed sources on the topic. Two mentors warrant special mention in respect to this project. Susan Hardman Moore and Cohn E. Gunton proved to be the ideal combination of supervisors, and if this work succeeds in its attempt to be of interest to both historians and theologians they deserve much of the credit. Dr. Hardman Moore helped me with the complexity of the seventeenth century English theological scene, while Professor Gunton consistently enabled me to see how Owen's theology addresses many ancient theological questions that remain relevant to this day. Yet more than their academic expertise, both have demonstrated incredible grace and friendship, making this time of research thoroughly rewarding and enjoyable. Much of the material that follows was presented in different public settings, and I would like to recognize some of the groups involved for their helpful feedback: University of Birmingham conference on the "History of Christianity," Society for the Study of Theology, and the Evangelical Theological Society. A day conference on "Calvin and Calvinism" at King's College was especially profitable thanks to Paul Helm's insightful response to my paper. But most of all I would like to express my debt to the Research Institute of Systematic Theology, where members heard and commented on much of what follows. The debate and consistent dialogue allowed through the Institute has greatly contributed to my research, and more importantly, the friendships established have preserved my mental health - it can be difficult for a 7 Californian to rise above London's winter days, but your company and laughter did provide relief. Other individuals who have read either sections or the whole of this work, offering helpful feedback, include: Ashley Null - thank you for the countless hours of conversation as you helped me untangle the historical complexities related to the topic of justification as well as your Latin expertise; Steve Holmes - thank you for your careful proofreading, wise suggestions, and enduring friendship; Dave Homer - thank you for acting as a trusted authority on Aristotle and Aquinas, offering helpful recommendations; Ron Frost - thank you for your consistent enthusiasm for my project, especially since your perspective of Post-Reformation Reformed theology is slightly different from my own; Daniel Hill - thank you for your insightful feedback and for occasionally lending me your Latin skills; members of the LGT Theological Reading Group, especially Brian Brock, Randy Rauser, Babu Venkataraman, and Eric Flett, thank you for your camaraderie, not to mention your willingness to read and critique several chapters, making sure the arguments were sound.
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