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Model-Based Quantification and Internet-Based Visualisation of Emis- Sions Into Germany’S Rivers („Prioritary Substances“)

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TEXTE 46/2010 Calculation of Emissions into Rivers in Germany using the MONERIS Model Nutrients, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | TEXTE | 46/2010 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, NATURE CONSERVATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY Project No. (FKZ) 204 24 218 and 205 24 204 Report No. (UBA-FB) 001410/E Calculation of Emissions into Rivers in Germany using the MONERIS Model Nutrients, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Dr. Stephan Fuchs, Dr. Ulrike Scherer, Ramona Wander Institut für Wasser und Gewässerentwicklung (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), Karlsruhe Dr. Horst Behrendt, Dr. Markus Venohr, Dieter Opitz Leibnitz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin Dr. Thomas Hillenbrand, Dr. Frank Marscheider-Weidemann, Thomas Götz Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung, Karlsruhe On behalf of the Federal Environment Agency (Germany) UMWELTBUNDESAMT This publication is only available online. It can be downloaded from http://www.uba.de/uba-info-medien-e/4018.html along with a German version. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions. ISSN 1862-4804 Publisher: Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) P.O.B. 14 06 06813 Dessau-Roßlau Germany Phone: +49-340-2103-0 Fax: +49-340-2103 2285 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de/ Edited by: Section II 2.2 Discharges and Inputs to Surface Waters Dr. Joachim Heidemeier, Antje Ullrich Dessau-Roßlau, September 2010 This report is dedicated to Dr. Horst Behrendt. Dr. Behrendt worked at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) in Berlin. He developed the basics for river basin modelling and realized the model system MONERIS (MOdelling Nutrient Emissions in RIver Systems). He motivated us and many others to do this work and supported us substantially with his great experience. We mourn the untimely death of Dr. Horst Behrendt, who died unexpectedly in December 2008. SUMMARY................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Background and aim ................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 The structure of the report ....................................................................................................... 4 2 THE METHOD ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Hierarchical structuring of the analytical units...................................................................... 6 2.2 Runoff model and runoff equation .......................................................................................... 8 2.3 Runoff calibration.................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Calculation of the water surface ............................................................................................ 11 2.5 Quantification of the emissions............................................................................................. 13 2.5.1 Point pathways ..................................................................................................................13 2.5.1.1 Municipal wastewater treatment plants ......................................................................... 13 2.5.1.2 Direct industrial discharges ........................................................................................... 13 2.5.1.3 Historic mining activities ................................................................................................ 13 2.5.2 Diffuse pathways ............................................................................................................... 14 2.5.2.1 Atmospheric deposition onto water surface .................................................................. 14 2.5.2.2 Erosion........................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.2.3 Surface runoff ................................................................................................................ 17 2.5.2.4 Tile drainage.................................................................................................................. 18 2.5.2.5 Groundwater inflow........................................................................................................ 18 2.5.2.6 Sewer systems .............................................................................................................. 18 3 GENERAL INPUT DATA................................................................................... 22 3.1 Analytical units ........................................................................................................................ 22 3.2 River discharge and quality data ........................................................................................... 22 3.3 Spatial input data..................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1 Land use............................................................................................................................ 24 3.3.2 Digitale Höhenmodelle ...................................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 Precipitation data............................................................................................................... 26 3.3.4 Soil maps........................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.5 Geological maps................................................................................................................ 26 3.3.6 Share of drained arable land ............................................................................................. 26 3.3.7 Population.......................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.8 The populations connection rate to sewer systems .......................................................... 28 3.3.9 Sewer systems .................................................................................................................. 31 3.3.9.1 Distribution of combined and separate sewer system................................................... 31 3.3.9.2 Design capacity of combined sewage treatment........................................................... 32 3.4 Input data from municipal wastewater treatment plants..................................................... 34 I 4 SUBSTANCE SPECIFIC INPUT DATA............................................................. 37 4.1 Nutrients................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.1 Point pathways ..................................................................................................................37 4.1.1.1 Municipal wastewater treatment plants ......................................................................... 37 4.1.1.2 Direct industrial discharges ........................................................................................... 39 4.1.2 Diffuse pathways ............................................................................................................... 41 4.1.2.1 Atmospheric deposition onto the water surface ............................................................ 41 4.1.2.2 Nutrient surpluse on agricultural areas.......................................................................... 41 4.1.2.3 Erosion........................................................................................................................... 42 4.1.2.4 Surface runoff ................................................................................................................ 43 4.1.2.5 Tile drainage.................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.2.6 Groundwater.................................................................................................................. 44 4.1.2.7 Sewer systems .............................................................................................................. 46 4.2 Heavy metals............................................................................................................................ 47 4.2.1 Point pathways ..................................................................................................................47 4.2.1.1 Municipal wastewater treatment plants ......................................................................... 47 4.2.1.2 Direct industrial discharges ........................................................................................... 50 4.2.1.3 Abandoned mining......................................................................................................... 51 4.2.2 Diffuse pathways ............................................................................................................... 53 4.2.2.1 Atmospheric deposition onto the water surface ............................................................ 53 4.2.2.2
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    MIT GROSSER REISEKARTE KRÄUTER Gesundheit und Genuss WISSEN KÄSE Emmentaler und Bergkäse KNEIPP Natürlich gesund BAUERNHÄUSER Einfirst, Hakenschopf & Wiederkehr BAEDEKER ALLGÄU ALLGÄU Baedeker Wissen Baedeker Wissen Baedeker Wissen ... i Heilendes Wasser Der Pfarrer Sebastian Kneipp entdeck- ... erklärt einiges über das Allgäu, u. a. über Ludwig II. und seine te die Heilkraft von Wasser und den Schlösser, über Bauernhäuser, Volksmusik, die Heilkraft der ganzheitlichen Ansatz, der heute so Natur oder über die Kühe und ihre guten Produkte. i aktuell ist wie damals. Egal ob nach Kneipp, F. X. Mayr, Johann Schroth e oder nach ganz persönlichem Rezept, e Ein ewig Rätsel o ein (K)Urlaub im Allgäu tut gut. Ein schlichtes Holzkreuz nahe am Seite 84, 148, 172 Ufer markiert im Starnberger See die Stelle, an der am 13. Juni 1886 o Alpen, Kühe, Milch und Käse das Leben Ludwigs II. zu Ende ging. Das Allgäu ist Bauernland, obwohl der Der rätselhafte Tod des »Kini« ist Teil Anteil der Vieh- und Milchwirtschaft seiner Anziehungskraft. Seite 48 am Bruttoinlandsprodukt nur zwischen 1,5 und 2,5 % ausmacht. r Bauernhäuser – Seite 226, 254 die Gesichter des Allgäus r Die alten Häuser strahlen bis heute p p Der »Schwäbische Escorial« Ruhe und Geborgenheit aus. Ihre Über 50 Jahre wurde an dem Kloster Architektur ist bestimmt durch die Ottobeuren gebaut. Das künstlerische Landschaft und das mehr oder weni- Konzept ist einzigartig und gilt als ger raue Klima. Über Genera tionen Vollendung der barocken Klosterarchi- hinweg wurden sie den Bedürfnissen tektur in Süddeutschland. Seite 276 entsprechend umgestaltet – ein Stück regionale Kultur. Seite 70 a Ludwigs Traumschloss Ludwig II.