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Women's Writing in Kannada

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Women's Writing in Kannada WOMEN’S WRITING IN KANNADA: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECT WRITINGS OF SARAH ABOOBACKAR Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Ambika Kamath SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA, SURATHKAL, MANGALORE – 575025 February, 2016 D E C L A R A T I O N By the PhD Research Scholar I hereby declare that the Research Thesis entitled, ‘Women’s Writing in Kannada: An Analysis of Select Writings of Sarah Aboobackar’ which is being submitted to the National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature is a bonafide report of the research work carried out by me. The material contained in this Research Thesis has not been submitted to any University or Institution for the award of any degree. Reg. No. 090699HM09P01, Ambika Kamath School of Management Place: NITK, Surathkal Date: C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that the Research Thesis entitled ‘Women’s Writing in Kannada: An Analysis of Select Writings of Sarah Aboobackar’ submitted by Ambika Kamath, (Register Number: 090699HM09P01) as the record of the research work carried out by her is accepted as the Research Thesis submission in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature. Dr. Shashikantha Koudur Research Guide Head, School of Management Chairman - DRPC (Signature with Date and Seal) (Signature with Date and Seal) DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated To My Parents and Teachers –– the Designers of my Life, Who have added to my Knowledge, Fashioned my Character, Were my Rudder in Times of Distress, Instilled in me the virtue of Spirituality, Placed me on the path of Righteousness, Taught me the value of Self-confidence, And Are the reason for what I Am ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At all stages of my research work, right from the day I joined the institute as a research scholar, I was in anticipation of expressing my deepest gratitude to all who have been a great help in my journey of six years. The completion of this thesis would not have become a reality without the invaluable support, sacrifice, encouragement, and inspiration of several individuals and organisations. Hence, I wish to present my deep appreciation and gratefulness to all those who extended their support in more ways than one. I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to National Institute of Technology Karnataka (N.I.T.K) for granting me an opportunity to carry out my research work as a part time scholar. I take this opportunity to thank the Director, Deans, the concerned professors and staff of N.I.T.K, especially the faculty and staff of the School of Management, where I carried out my research work successfully. I would like to thank whole heartedly my research guide Dr. Shashikantha Koudur for giving me an opportunity to do higher study and work with his invaluable guidance during this expedition. I am deeply indebted to him, for his constant advice and suggestions for improvement, which were instrumental in keeping me focused. This thesis was possible only because of his constructive criticism, which steered me in the right direction. I was very fortunate to be under his supervision, as he left no stone unturned to guide my research work. I express my sincere gratitude to Prof. A.H. Sequeira, Head, School of Management, for his inestimable support in carrying out this research work. I sincerely thank Prof. K.B. Kiran, Prof. K.Rajendra Udupa, and Dr. M.N. Satyanarayan for their immense encouragement, perspectives and support. I would like to thank the Management of A. Shama Rao Foundation and the Principal of Srinivas Institute of Technology for granting me special leave to pursue my study. A special word of thanks to Dr. Sarah Aboobackar, who was always willing to settle my doubts during the study and was and will always remain an inspiration to me. I would like to specifically thank Dr. Sunil C. Dsouza and Mrs. Shilpakala for helping me with the statistical Analysis. My special thanks goes to Dr. P. Radhika, for her exceptional viewpoints which were indeed helpful in my research work. I would like to thank all the principals, staff and students who were very keen to provide me with every assistance during the data collection. I would also like to place on record my gratitude to the libraries that I visited for reference purposes. My enormous thanks are due to my fellow research scholars for their valuable help in the course of my study, especially Rajesh N.S and Priyanka. Especially, I would like to thank my better half, my Husband, P. Gurudatt Mallya, for his unconditional love, reassurance, and enthusiasm, and my children, Upendra and Deepti, for their affection and encouragement during my study. I am very much thankful to my son-in-law Prajwal Pai, for his help during the course of my research work. I am grateful to my mother Nayani R. Kamath, and my father Late M. Ramdas Kamath, the architects of my life. With supreme fervour, I praise and thank God Almighty for the abundant grace and blessings I was fortunate enough to receive throughout my life. Ambika Kamath (Ambika G. Mallya) ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyse one of the finest women writers of the Kannada literary world – Sarah Aboobackar. She belongs to the Beary community, a Muslim ethnic minority community, identified with the coastal regions of Karnataka and northern parts of Kerala. Sarah emerged on the Kannada literary scene in the 1980s. She is a gifted writer and has won much acclaim. Sarah is recognized as one of the major literary figures of the Bandaya period (Navyothara or post-modern in Kannada) and is considered one of the powerful voices in contemporary Kannada literature. She is important to the Kannada literary scene because she is the first Muslim writer to emerge in Kannada. The new vigour and energy that she brought into the Kannada context got her wide acclaim and she has been adorned with some of the very prestigious awards. Sarah’s writings are a door opened into the lives of people not only of Beary community, but that of coastal Karnataka. When she focuses on Beary community, she portrays the problems caused by practices like dowry, polygamy and instant divorce (talaq). Though the community lives in close proximity, many of the problems faced by the community were not known to the wider public. Sarah’s portrayal of her society gives a rare insight into the culture of an ethnic group, thereby providing an exceptional glimpse of the lived-in realities of a people living amidst us, more the reason to take up her writings for analysis. At a time when community relations are under duress in the Indian context, it becomes an issue of equivalent importance that Sarah be read and contextualised. The current research has research method inputs from Textual Analysis, Autobiography, Ethnographic Method, Quantitative Method, and Interviewing. Therefore, this research is a mix of qualitative and quantitative studies. The study merges both descriptive and exploratory approaches in order to provide a better understanding of literature and culture of the people of a region. Since the study is about the writings of a woman from an ethnic community, and since Sarah is an important female voice from Kannada literature, who is assertive on questions of gender and identity, it becomes appropriate to consider the questions of feminist critical theory, and gender studies, apart from questions of Comparative Literature. Sarah's belongingness and indebtedness to the Kannada tradition is discussed. For a brief comparative study of Sarah Aboobackar, significant Muslim women writers like Qurratulain Hyder, Ismat Chugtai and Banu Musthaq, are selected who are known to be the outstanding voices emerging from the margins. In addition, since the researcher is working on Sarah Aboobackar from Kannada literature, it becomes essential to look at Translation studies and its relevance to Comparative studies. The qualitative part of the study attempts to analyze the writings of Sarah, apart from trying to understand the lived-in realities and culture of Beary community, represented through the literature of a region. It is believed that a text speaks of the lived-in experiences of the author and gives us a picture of his or her world. We look into her autobiographical writings and identify her distinction between the religious text and the interpretation of that text; we look at her fictional writings and look for patterns of representation and identify Sarah's contribution in crafting out a New Womanhood in her fiction. The quantitative study is exploratory in nature and is more limited than the qualitative part. The data collected using sections of Sarah’s readership is analyzed and interpreted, and the results obtained, not very surprisingly, shows that girls agree more with Sarah as a writer than boys do. This descriptive and exploratory research, it is expected, will throw up new questions in future, with a possibility of opening up new research areas. Keywords Women’s writing, feminism, gender studies, comparative literature, Kannada literature, community, religion, translation CONTENTS Page No CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1-32 1.1 Chapter Overview 1 1.2 Comparative Literature 2 1.3 Research Problem 4 1.4 Research Design: Circular Model 7 1.5 Research Questions 9 1.6 Research Objectives 10 1.7 Research Method for English Studies 10 1.8 Methodology and Interdisciplinarity 23 1.9 Structure of
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