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H Am Ārī Ad H Yāpik Ā Hamārī adhyāpikā, azaz: A mi tanárnőnk. Ez a címe _ _ _ _ a tanulmánykötetnek, amellyel Négyesi Mária indo- lógust, az ELTE BTK Indológia (korábbi nevén: Indoeurópai Nyelvtudományi) Tanszékének tanszék- vezető egyetemi docensét egykori tanítványai és idő- sebb-fiatalabb kollégái hatvanötödik születésnapja alkalmából köszöntik. A benne olvasható huszonöt Hamārī adhyāpikā írás mindegyike Indiáról szól: kultúráról, irodalom- TANUlmÁNYOK ról, művészetről, történelemről, filozófiáról, nyelvek- INDIÁRÓL ről – az ókortól egészen napjainkig. NÉGYESI MÁRIA (szerk.) tiSZteletÉRE ITTZÉS MÁTÉ BTK ISBN 978-963-284-795-5 Szerkesztette: ITTZÉS MÁTÉ ittzes_borito.indd 1 2018.04.20. 12:36:20 Hamārī adhyāpikā Tanulmányok Indiáról Négyesi Mária tiszteletére Hamārī adhyāpikā Tanulmányok Indiáról Négyesi Mária tiszteletére Szerkesztette: Ittzés Máté ELTE BTK Indológia Tanszék Budapest 2018 A kötet megjelenését a Nemzeti Kulturális Alap (www.nka.hu) támogatta. © Szerzők, 2018 © Szerkesztő, 2018 ISBN 978-963-284-795-5 www.eotvoskiado.hu Felelős kiadó: az ELTE Bölcsészettudományi Kar dékánja Projektvezető: Sándor Júlia Kiadói szerkesztő: Kiss Ernő Csongor Tördelés: SzépKönyvek A borítót tervezte: Csele Kmotrik Ildikó Nyomdai munkák: Pátria Nyomda Zrt. Tartalom Köszöntő ...................................................................................................................9 Tabula gratulatoria ..................................................................................................11 Szerkesztői megjegyzések ......................................................................................13 Aklan Anna Tengeri történelem: thalasszológia és az Indiai-óceán-tanulmányok ....................15 Balogh Dániel A szanszkrit időmértékes verselés ..........................................................................31 Bangha Imre A hindi irodalom kezdetei ......................................................................................49 Déri Balázs Óda a régi idők lányairól.........................................................................................65 Dezső Csaba A purohita alakja a Raghuvaṃśában ......................................................................67 Ferenczi Roland A Cēra király bőkezű ajándékai a Patiṟṟuppattuban, avagy miről ismerszik meg egy igazi hős? ..................................................................................................87 Gaál Balázs – Tóth Ibolya Zöldségevő vagy húsevő Aśoka? ..........................................................................101 5 Tartalom Hidas Gergely – Kiss Csaba Középkori kevert kasztok ..................................................................................... 111 Ittzés Máté Hervadhatatlan hírnév ..........................................................................................127 Jeney Rita Magyar régészeti kutatások Dél-Ázsiában a 19–20. században ...........................133 Kakas Beáta Az együttérzés gyakorlata és a bodhisattvai attitűd Kamalaśīla Bhāvanākramáiban ...............................................................................................147 Kovács Hajnalka A bételtekercs összetevőinek versengése Bēdil Muḥīṭ-i Aʿẓam című mas̱ navījában ........................................................................................................165 Körtvélyesi Tibor Íjkerítés, nyílágy ...................................................................................................181 Mecsi Beatrix Buddhista szentek Indiából a kelet-ázsiai művészetben .......................................197 Péri Benedek Az MTA Könyvtára Keleti Gyűjteményében őrzött Indiában másolt perzsa kéziratok brit tulajdonosai ....................................................................................207 Renner Zsuzsanna Az Aparājitapr̥ cchā és az állat alakú Vadkan-ábrázolások .................................221 Ruzsa Ferenc Hol nem volt az ősi tamil főváros? Különféle legendák ...............................................................................................239 Sági Péter Vallási kötődésű társadalmi kérdések Mamtā Kāliyā prózájában ........................251 6 Tartalom Száler Péter Egy különös barátság, Śiva ajándéka és a kígyóváros A Pāṇḍya király Kālidāsa Raghuvaṃśa című eposzában .....................................263 Szántó Péter-Dániel Śrīmitra, egy tantrikus buddhista mester a Gāhaḍavāla-udvarban ......................273 Szanyi Szilvia Az álmok szerepe a yogācāra filozófiában ...........................................................281 Szitár Kristóf Presztízskérdés? Kozmopolita és lokális aspektusok Muḥammad Qulī Quṭb šāh költészetében .........................................................................................................291 Szivák Júlia A szív akkor is indiai marad Adalékok az indiai diaszpóra és a könnyűzene kapcsolatának megértéséhez .........................................................................................................303 Válóczi Róbert A közönség szerepe a klasszikus indiai színházban .............................................315 Wojtilla Gyula Brāhmaṇaéletrajz-töredékek a középkori Kashmirból Történetek a Kathāsaritsāgarából ........................................................................325 7 Köszöntő Hamārī adhyāpikā, szól a hatvanöt éves Négyesi Máriát köszöntő kötetünk hindi nyelvű címe, azaz: A mi tanárnőnk. Talán nincs is más kifejezés, amely személyé- nek lényegét – és azt is, tudom jól, ahogyan ő maga gondolkodik saját hivatásáról – pontosabban, igazabban megragadná. Négyesi Máriát tanárnőjüknek – sőt, bízvást állíthatom, A Tanárnőjüknek – tekintik elsősorban azok, akik 1981 óta, amikor oktatóként az Eötvös Loránd Tu­­­­ do­­­­­mányegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Karának Indoeurópai Nyelvtudományi (ma: Indológia) Tanszékére került, az indológia szakon közvetlen tanítványai voltak, és akiknek tudományos és személyes életpályáját diplomájuk megszerzését követően is, mind a mai napig gondos, törődő, szeretetteljes figyelemmel kíséri és egyengeti. Ők írták – egyesek immár kollégáiként – jubileumi kötetünk tanulmányainak java részét. Négyesi Mária – 2001-től tanszékvezető egyetemi docensként – tanára az Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Karának, amely a Kari Tanács döntése alapján a 2017. évi kari ünnepen Ürményi József-díjjal tüntette ki. A díj a kar szabályzata szerint annak az oktatónak adományozható, „aki kiemelkedő okta- tói tevékenységet folytatott az adományozást megelőző tanévben”. Szükségtelen hozzátennem, hogy Négyesi Mária tanárnő nemcsak egy tanévnyi, hanem egész eddigi oktatói munkásságával is kiérdemelte ezt a patinás kitüntetést. Így gondolhatnak rá azok is, akik, bár nem voltak tanítványai az egyetemi okta- tás vagy a nagykövetségi nyelvtanfolyamok keretei között, mégis idősebb-fiata- labb kollégáiként, közelebbi-távolabbi ismerőseiként vagy barátaiként benne olyan inspiráló személyiséggel, olyan igazi tanáregyéniséggel kerülhettek kapcsolatba, aki sokakban, egyre többekben szeretné és – ami még ennél is fontosabb – tudja felébreszteni és táplálni az érdeklődést, rajongást és elkötelezettséget India kultúrá- ja iránt. Ezt az egyedülálló és példamutató erőfeszítését az indiai állam is elismerte, amikor 2002-ben a hindi nyelv és irodalom népszerűsítéséért a világon évente egy személyiségnek adományozott Dr. George Grierson-díjat éppen őneki ítélte oda. 9 Köszöntő Négyesi Mária neve egybeforrt és egyet jelent a magyar indológiával, és sokunk- nak itt, Magyarországon ő a megtestesült „indiaiság”. Legtöbben nem is láttuk őt más öltözetben, csak tarka színekkel Indiát közénk varázsoló śalvār-qamīzban, és ezt a hatást a karperecek csilingelésének hangja és az általa kínált kājū barfī vagy más indiai édesség íze tette megannyiszor még érzékletesebbé. Hányszor történt meg az is, tudományos konferenciákon és más alkalmakkor, hogy hindi nyelven elmondott szavai után a hallgatóság őt korábban nem ismerő tagjai megdöbbenve tudták meg, hogy nem anyanyelvi beszélőt hallgattak. Ízig-vérig India! Indiáról, India kultúrájáról, India nyelveiről, ízeiről, hangjairól és színeiről szól jelen kötetünk huszonöt tanulmánya is, amelyeket a köszönet szavaival együtt adunk most ajándékként ünnepeltünk kezébe. A Tanárnőnek, tanárnőnknek mind- annyiunk nevében boldog születésnapot kívánok. Kedves Mária, Isten éltessen! Budapest, 2018. április 29. Ittzés Máté 10 Tabula gratulatoria Adamik Béla Niederreiter Zoltán Adamik Tamás Ormos István Bács Tamás Tejpal Singh Rawat Bányai Viktória Lutz Richter-Bernburg Berki Eszter Ritoók Zsigmond Bethlenfalvy Géza Rung Ádám Biró Tamás Salát Gergely Birtalan Ágnes Sárközy Miklós Bolonyai Gábor Vijaya Sati Borbély Judit Dileep Shakya Buzási Gábor Pramod Kumar Sharma H. E. Rahul Chhabra Simon Lajos Zoltán Dávid Géza Solti Dóra Dezső Tamás Somi Panni Ferenczi Attila Somogyi Eszter Földváry Miklós István Szántó Iván Horváth Judit Szombathy Zoltán Irsay-Nagy Balázs Takács Gábor Kalotáné Németh Ágnes Torma Katalin Karsai György Törzsök Judit Koltai Kornélia Varga Benjámin Komoróczy Géza Vásáry István Kósa Gábor Vér Ádám Kozák Dániel Asghar Wajahat Krupp József Zentai György Mayer Gyula Zólyomi Gábor Konstantinos Nakos Zsigmond Benedek 11 Szerkesztői megjegyzések Mivel a keleti nyelvek átírásával kapcsolatban nem beszélhetünk mindenki által általánosan használt és elfogadott átírási rendszerről, ezért röviden szót kell ejte- nünk a jelen kötetben alkalmazott elvekről, amelyeket a szerkesztés során igyekez- tünk valamennyi tanulmányban következetesen és egységesen alkalmazni, tuda- tában annak,
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