Urban Metabolism Rotterdam
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I UR — ABR BAN TNO — O otterdam — I otterdam R ME IC — JCF ABR F TABO Gemeente LISM sustainable development of Rotterdam II How do the flows of goods, people, waste, Ateliers, the power of design is deployed in biota, energy, food, freshwater, sand and order to work on urgent local and regional air function in Rotterdam? What influence tasks and to add value to spatial policy- do these flows have on the quality of life in making. Each atelier is an open space that the city, and how do they relate to spatial the IABR, in its role as a cultural organiza- developments? Can an insight into the tion, provides to authorities in particular metabolism of Rotterdam help us develop and within which those authorities can into a sustainable region? And what oppor- subject their own tasks to an intensive, tunities are there for a circular economy? joint process of design-driven research. The cultural space therefore becomes a This publication details the results of the breeding ground for innovation. IABR–PROJECT ATELIER ROTTERDAM. The analyses, the strategies developed and The idea is that new ways of thinking the specific design proposals detailed, should then lead to new ways of doing provide answers to the questions posed things: the power of the design must be above. The results obtained offer not only able to be used for actual innovation in URBAN the municipality but also other parties in practice. The IABR-Ateliers, which for the city specific pointers for continuing to many years now have served as successful work on the metabolism of Rotterdam. catalysts for design innovation in practice METABOLISM in cities such as São Paulo and Istanbul, The IABR–PROJECT ATELIER are now being used in the Netherlands and ROTTERDAM is a collaboration between result not only in new visions and plans. the IABR and the Municipality of The objective of each IABR-Project Atelier Rotterdam and is one of the focal points of is to come up with specific project propos- IABR–2014–URBAN BY NATURE–. als, linked to a ‘toolbox for governance’: in other words, policy tools that government With IABR–2014–URBAN BY NATURE–, and stakeholders can then use in a practi- the International Architecture Biennale cal way. Rotterdam (IABR) is continuing along its path of research into our urban future, a The results obtained by an Atelier always path it set out on in 2003. We know that form one of the focal points of the main there is a huge increase in urbanization exhibition of an edition of the biennale. worldwide and that the way in which we The next step is the most important one: construct our cities is failing to keep pace the local and regional authorities then with this. We urgently need new ideas, actually start working with the results. new knowledge, new models and a new paradigm for what a city actually is. We The IABR–PROJECT ATELIERS are run by need new techniques and new working the IABR in its role as the lead partner in methods, new forms of development, fi- the Regional and Local Design Dialogue nancing, organization and management. government programme instigated by the We need an agenda for the city. Actie Agenda Architectuur en Ruimtelijk Ontwerp (AAARO) programme within the The IABR, in its role as a cultural organiza- Ministry of Infrastructure and the tion, wants to make a modest yet idiosyn- Environment. Their assignment is to stimu- cratic contribution to that agenda for the late the timely use of design and de- city. It is for this reason that it sets up a sign-driven research for local and regional number of IABR–PROJECT ATELIERS for tasks. each edition of the biennale. In the UR — ABR TNO BAN — O otterdam — I otterdam R ME IC — JCF Urban Metabolism Urban ABR F TABO Gemeente LISM sustainable development of Rotterdam More and more people are living in ever- established the IABR PROJECT ATELIER expanding urban landscapes. These are ROTTERDAM, with which the study of the areas where city and countryside gradually metabolism of the port city began. Alongside merge into one another. Rotterdam is also Urban Development and the IABR, the PBL situated in such an urban landscape, the [Netherlands Environmental Assessment Rhine–Scheldt–Meuse delta. That landscape Agency], the Port of Rotterdam and the stretches from Amsterdam to Brussels to Rotterdam Climate Initiative were, from the Cologne. Rotterdam is, with its port, beginning, actively involved in the design ecologically and economically a central study that took place in the atelier. The study node. was conducted by FABRIC, James Corner PREFACE Like all other deltas in the world, our delta is Field Operations and TNO. This book maps in transition. The deltas house the majority out the results of the design study: the of the world’s population and are the main strategies developed and the concrete producers of food. However, they are project proposals. It thus provides a strong extremely vulnerable to the impacts of impetus for sustainable urban development climate change. They now face a major in Rotterdam, based on its metabolism. challenge: how can further economic growth be made sustainable? The results of the Project Atelier form one of the anchor points of the main exhibition of The sixth edition of the International the IABR–2014–URBAN BY NATURE, which Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, IABR– can be seen from 29 May to 24 August 2014 Urban Metabolism Urban 2014–URBAN BY NATURE, for which Dirk in the Kunsthal and the Natural History Sijmons is the curator, starts from the Museum Rotterdam. Then comes the most position that we can solve global important step. The development strategies, environmental problems if we solve the which the Project Atelier has produced, must problems of the city. If we analyse, be effectively deployed. The new approach to understand and learn to use the structure urban planning, as proposed by the Project and metabolism of the city, we can work Atelier, must also be tested by means of the specifically on a resilient city, and thus a implementation of the projects. This must be more sustainable future. We must learn to done in the city itself and together with all regard the city as our natural ecology and stakeholders. that is why IABR 2014, puts the relationship between city and nature on the agenda. The more we know about the relationship, the Astrid Sanson, George Brugmans, better grip we have in the designing, Director Urban Quality / Managing Director planning and management of our complex Inner city Municipality IABR urban landscapes. Together with the of Rotterdam municipality of Rotterdam, IABR therefore IABR–Project Atelier Rotterdam p. 9 CONTENT Chapter 1 Urban Flows for a sustainable urban landscape p. 13 Chapter 2 Nine flows highlighted p. 19 Urban Metabolism Urban Chapter 3 Four strategies to optimize flows in Rotterdam p. 77 Chapter 4 Results, ongoing actions and Follow-up p. 127 Colophon p. 143 9 The International Architecture Biennale Project Ateliers. The complexity of the city is Rotterdam has become a genuine Rotterdam exposed and studied, and new and unexpec- tradition. IABR–2014–URBAN BY NATURE– ted relationships within the city are explored, is the 6th edition and the IABR has proven to offering urgent and relevant challenges and be an innovative platform of and for opportunities to the Rotterdam area. The Rotterdam, allowing research by design to research has led to a compelling analysis of outline new perspectives and opportunities our unique urban metabolism, resulting in a for the city on the basis of topical subjects collection of spatial economic perspectives, that have an impact on our policies. The ideas, and insights that will inspire us when editions of 2005, ‘The Flood’, and 2012, building on a strong and sustainable future ‘Making City’, were respectively at the basis for the Rotterdam region. URBAN METABOLISM IABR–PrOJECTATELIER ROTTERDAM of an innovative approach to water-related Urban Metabolism is a response to global challenges (Rotterdam Waterstad 2030), and trends. These trends will have an impact on of new insights into the city’s densification Rotterdam and create opportunities in the capacity (Rotterdam: People make the inner- city. Across the globe, densely populated Urban Metabolism Urban city). Inspired by the Biennale, we in turn areas, not coincidentally often located in inspire others by translating acquired know- deltas such as ours, are searching for ways ledge into visions and new plans for the city. to realize a resilient economic future, pressured by global issues like resource ‘We know so little about what it really takes, scarcity, energy and food shortages, about how urbanization actually works,’ said environmental issues, and climate change. Pierre Belanger, landscape architect and Deltas are also highly competitive as associate professor at Harvard University’s attractive habitats, with fashionable labels Graduate School of Design. This sums up like Eco City, Smart City, Sustainable City, exactly why this biennale is urgent and and Climate Proof City. To attract and retain topical, given the fact that the majority of talent and industry, it is crucial to create an the world population will soon be living in urban ‘ecosystem’ where authorities, know- cities, including the Dutch and the residents ledge institutes, businesses, and citizens of the Rotterdam region. effortlessly manage to relate to each other. The IABR–Project Atelier Rotterdam, Urban Global trends are developing towards Metabolism, is one of the three IABR–2014– circular economies. This implies a 10 11 transformation of the current, linear is the heat network (for district heating) that Of course, these motives apply to the city of public transportation concepts. They economy, in which raw materials eventually is created by recovering the waste product Rotterdam as well.