Volume 4 Issue No. 2

APHERJ ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal Volume 4 Issue No. 2

Philippine Higher education RESEARCH CONSORTIUM Philippine Normal University Taft Avenue, Manila 2017 Asia Pacific Higher Education Research Journal (APHERJ) A Multidisciplinary Journal of the Philippine Higher Education Research Consortium Volume 4, Number 2

PHILIPPINE HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH CONSORTIUM PhilippineThe official researchNormal Universityjournal of the (National Center for Teacher Education)

Published and exclusively distributed by the UNIVERSITY PUBLICATION OFFICE Philippine Normal University Taft Avenue, Manila

Printed by the PNU Press

ISSN: 2408-350x

Cover concept and design by Mars Majul Lay-out by Mars Majul

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Philippines; telephone: (02) 3171768 local 530; and email: . addressed to the Publication Office, Philippine Normal University, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000 Subscription Price: Php 600.00 (inclusive of courier fee). [email protected] ii ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal Volume 4  Issue No. 2 Editorial Board

Advisory Board

Dr. Ester B. Ogena Philippine Normal University Dr. Adora S. Pili Technological University of the Philippines Dr. Emanuel C. de Guzman Polytechnic University of the Philippines Dr. Jesus Rodrigo F. Torres Rizal Technological University Dr. Editha V. Pillo Eulogio Amang Rodrigues Institute of Science and Technology Dr. Bernard R. Ramirez Philippine State College of Aeronautics Dr. Joselita B. Gutierrez Marikina Polytechnic College Dr. Mathew A. Eichler Texas State University Dr. Ronnel B. King Hong Kong Institute of Education Dr. Nabeel Abdallah Mohammad Universiti Malaya, Malaysia Dr. Edward Joshua Pialago Chonbuk National University Dr. Quang Nguyen Osaka University Dr. Timothy Teo University of Auckland Dr. Dina Ocampo Department of Education

Editorial Consultants

Dr. Wilma S. Reyes Philippine Normal University Engr. Felipe Ronald M. Argamosa Technological University of the Philippines Dr. Joseph Mercado Polytechnic University of the Philippines Dr. Grant B. Cornell Eulogio Amang Rodrigues Institute of Science and Technology Dr. Rodante G. Flores Philippine State College of Aeronautics Dr. Luna G. Madera Marikina Polytechnic College Dr. Edna C. Aquino Rizal Technological University

Volume 4  Issue No. 2 ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal iii PUBLICATION TEAM

Lead Editor

Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales Philippine Normal University

Associate Editors

Dr. Edna Luz R. Abulon Dr. Leonila C. Crisostomo Philippine Normal University Rizal Technological University Prof. Renato Butch R. Bituonan Dr. Racidon Bernarte Technological University of the Philippines Polytechnic University of the Philippines Engr. Rogelio T. Mamaradlo Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology

Pool of Reviewers

International

Dr. Nguyen Ngoc Tho Dr. Jeffrey Milligan Ayala Vietnam National University University of Nebraska Dr. Brenda Williamson Dr. Razak Abd. Samad Bin Yahya Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Dr. Mohd Asri Mohd Nor Hai Leng Chin University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia University of Malaya Dr.Razak Abd Samad Yahya Dr. Sri Harto, S. Pd University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Dr. Gerald Shenk Wilfred Espulgar California State University Osaka University Prof. Karanam Pushpanadham Dr. Ryan Arevalo The M.S. University of Baroda National Institute of Technology-Akashi Dr. D. Uma Devi Dr. K.P. Joo Gayatri Vidya Parashid College of Engineering Pennsylvania State University Dr. Sayantan Mandal Dr. Milan Pol National University of Educational Planning and Administration University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia Dr. Ace Suryadi Dr. Ines Gil-Jaurena Indonesia University of Education Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia Dr. Vina Severina Prof. Tae Rim Lee Universitas Nigeri Jakarta Korea National Open University Dr. NabeelAbdallah Mohammad Abedalaziz Achmad Ridwan Universiti Malaya, Malaysia Universitas Nigeri Jakarta Dr. Swee Hin To Dr. Mao Saroeun University of Peace - Costa Rica National Institute of Education Dr. Topsie Ruannie F. Tupaz Dr. Felipe Vista IV National Institute of Education, Singapore Chonbuk National University Dr. Bill Atweh Dr. Virginia Cawagas University of Queensland University of Peace

iv ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal Volume 4  Issue No. 2 Dr. Satyendra Singh Dr. Heba Obied University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Sharon Senk Dr. Handjoko Permana University of Chicago Department of Mathematics Dr. Nancy Law Dr. Mark Charles Baildon University of Hong Kong National Institute of Education, Singapore Joel Lonzaga Washington State University Prof. Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun Universiti of Pendidikan Sultan Idris Dr. Mary Clare S. Escaño Fukui University Dr. Grace Moorefield Mam Chansean National Institute of Education Dr. Wang KaIun Dr. Hsian – Lin Liu Dr. Hanna Hopia

Dr. Ubaid Yaqoob

Local

Basic Education & Teacher Education

Dr. Rizaldi C. Nocon Dr. Marlene Ferido De La Salle – College of St. Benilde UP - NISMED Dr. Auxencia Limjap Dr. Minie Rose Lapinid Far Eastern University De La Salle University Dr. Genaro V. Japos Dr. Carlo Magno International Association of Multidisciplinary Research National University Dr. Cecilia Mendiola Dr. Twila D. Punzalan AusAID Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari Prof. Rene Romero City of College of San Fernando Pampanga Prof. Hermie Garrobo Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin Gimcheon University Philippine Normal University Dr. Ma. Victoria Uvas Philippine Normal University

Technology and Engineering

Engr. Nenet C. Graza Dr. Manuel C. Belino De La Salle University Mapua Institute of Technology Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr. Holy Trinity Univeristy

Science and Mathematics

Jovito Anito Dr. Riza Reyes De La Salle University - Manila UP - NISMED Dr. Melanie David Dr. Allan Abraham Padama De La Salle University - Manila UP - Los Baños Dr. Michael Anthony B. Mantala Dr. Eric Punzalan UP - NISMED De La Salle University Manila

Volume 4  Issue No. 2 ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal v Dr. Leo Mendel D. Rosario Dr. Emmanuel Rodulfo FEATI University De La Salle University Dr. Shirley Palisoc Dr. Maricar Prudente De La Salle University De La Salle University Dr. Billy Almarinez Dr. Gil Nonato G. Santos De La Salle University Head Chairman of Physics Department Dr. Lilibeth Coo Dr. Rodolfo S. Treyes UP Diliman UP - NISMED Dr. Perry Esguerra Dr. Leonora Panlasigui National Institute of Physics Philippine Women University

Social Science, Business & Policy Research

Jomar Empaynado Dr. Ma. Jenina Nalipay Ateneo de Manila University Philippine Normal University Dr. Praksis Miranda Dr. Sterling Miranda Plata Philippine Normal University De La Salle University Dr. Twila Punzalan Prof. Darwin C. Rungduin AusAID Colegio de San Juan de Letran Dr. Zenaida Q. Reyes Dr. Elizabeth R. Ramos Philippine Normal University St. Paul University Dr. Paolo Niño M. Valdez Dr. Socorro Aguja De La Salle University Manila

Technical Assistant/PHERC Secretariat

Ms. Elanor O. Bayten

Layout/Graphic Artist

Mr. Mars M. Majul

Printing Staff

Mr. Guillermo Raul G. Fernandez Mr. Plaridel E. Escobilia

Managing Editor

Dr. Inero V. Ancho Philippine Normal University

Publication Staff

Ms. Sienna Joy C. Galit Ms. Cerniessa F. Gonzaga Ms. Ma. Gleciely B. Losbañes

Web Editor

Patricia Mae C. Purificacion vi ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal Volume 4  Issue No. 2 Foreword APHERJ, 4(2)

A good number of quality research through publication to showcase both products, including processes that inform in the national and international virtual practices in Philippine education are research world, top-notch articles from authors of remarkable caliber across the education system to achieve quality. Filipino Philippines. Currently, the Asia-Pacific researchersat hand to actively influence seek the for quest processes, of the Higher Education Research Journal knowledge and products that may inform (APHERJ) proudly presents six researches practices and may be implemented to boost that may stimulate the minds of our patron our education system. Bringing back the readers on how these research products culture of research and quality-in-research may benefit the country and be of help with a blend of quantity-in-research may attain quality education. be initiated by new paradigms, perspective and research frameworks of the university The multidisciplinary nature of or education institution to augment quality. APHERJ is what sets it apart from other Currently, research products are expected to be shared and disseminated through contribution of different disciplines in research publications, which are eventually specialized journals recognizing the the following Higher Education Institutions as publication count, citations, combined (HEIs)education. that Featured contributed in this greatly journal in solidifying issue are citation-publicationsubjected to performance count (e.g. metrics h-index such research-based claims, paving the way and i10-index), impact factor and patents. for colleagues to venture the exciting However, an emphasis on quantitative world of research writing and how it may performance has ushered many tenacious, contribute to developing quality Philippine and unethical research practices in the academe. Seemingly, this trend surfaced due to the rise of quantitative performance education—Batangas State University, Caraga State University, University of Santo productivity (Abbott, et al., 2010; Carpenter, Tomas, Philippine Normal University, etmetrics al., 2014; as meansEdwards of & measuring Roy, 2017; scientific Zetter, TheTechnological participating University researchers of the Philippines, from the 2009). This current trend lends countries, aforementionedand Mariano MarcosHEIs have State exhibited University. inner research and funding agencies to look back desire to provide knowledge and products and see how quantity-in-research must blend to contribute to the thrust and vision of with quality-in-research to maintain research the Philippine education system through integrity, which emphasize altruistic motives their competence and competitiveness in and intentions and that include serving patiently tweaking and calibrating their society and the community. work to make them fit for publication and dissemination. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) nourish this blend of quality-in-research A review of our manuscript and quantity-in-research to best inform submissions provides a glimpse of how practices in the field. Significantly, the research may inform practices in the society and the community to achieve education Office, along with other respected state quality. Two of our researches feature the collegesPhilippine and Normal universities, University—Publication continuously development of technology, which may be contribute to this goal through scholarly used for concretization of STEM (Science, and academic outputs and products of the Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) faculty, staff and student, disseminated concepts. De Ocampo developed the data

Volume 4  Issue No. 2 ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal vii acquisition model for daily light integral Language skills dictate acquisition measurement. This product informs both of all learning including all elements of practices in agriculture and agricultural professionalism. Language education is education and concretization of theories a necessity to achieve a total package of learning. Our last two articles feature process taught in the basic education. language education that may help our Similarly,in biology, Pacot specifically designed in a photosyntheticMobile-based learners facilitate better acquisition of skills crime mapping and event geography in learning the global language - English analysis for Caraga, which models the use medium for internationationalization of technology for national and civil security. purposes. Allam explored the proficiency The same engineering and programming design may be utilized to simulate STEM pronunciation of the structural variants integrative education. of sophomore“read” towards English improved majors on oral the performance. She found that Filipino Considerations in the quest for learners as second language learners (L2) education quality include teacher well-being exposed to remedial grammar instruction and student attitude. These two factors may improved their oral execution of the verb. be synonymous to the main actors of the two Study replication may result to Filipino components of a curriculum: the enacted learners’ grammatical competence in curriculum (played the teacher) and the many words. Complementing the study received curriculum (played by the student). of Allam, the group of Pedronan designed It is believed that the teacher’s ability to an automatics recognition of correctly pronounced English words using machine learning. This technology directly influence considersenact the intendedthe teacher’s curriculum welfare defines in the language teaching and learning to help our successfulsuccess of theenactment. curriculum, One thus of significantlyour articles learners improve their language skills and designed a Teacher Burnout Intervention be competent in the world of work. Program (TIBP) based on the baseline study conducted. Pimentel explored the factors All these studies may help improve affecting Social Science teachers’ burnout the Philippine quality of education in one way or another. As advocates of change of the country. She further determined and transformation, we look into research throughin identified a survey state-owned that teachers Universitiesexperience and knowledge dissemination as our way average “level of burnout” in terms of the to evaluate and assess what we know and currently have (sensegiving) and act on exhaustion and pessimism, and negativity the identified discrepancies and gaps. towardsthree dimensions: others and reducedwork. This self-efficacy, average Awareness of what is presently existing burnout rating may escalate though if not and which are not, may trigger actions to properly and sustainably monitored and fill in gaps within the context of quality addressed. Good teacher-student interaction assurance to achieve education quality. may be contributory to a healthy well-being of both the teacher and the students. Ng and █ █ █ de Guzman used phenomenological inquiry to critically study undergraduate students’ lived experiences of professionalism References: while in the liminal state. They claimed Abbott A., Cyranoski D., Jones N., Maher B., curriculum experts to emphasize student Schiermeier Q., & Van Noorden R. professionalismthat significant in findingsdesigning mayprofessional assist (2010). Metrics: Do metrics matter?. courses and experiential learning tasks. Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):860- 2. doi: 10.1038/465860a. viii ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal Volume 4  Issue No. 2 Carpenter C.R., Cone D.C., & Sarli C.C.

to highlight academic productivity and(2014). research Using impact. publication Acad. metricsEmerg. Med; 21(10):1160-72.doi: 10.1111/ acem.12482.

Edwads, M.A. & Roy, S. (2017). Academic research in the 21st century:

climate of perverse incentives and hypercompetition.Maintaining scientific Environmental integrity in a Engineering Science. January 2017, 34(1): 51-61. doi: 10.1089/ ees.2016.0223.

Zetter K. (2009, Feb. 6). TED: Barry Schwartz and the Importance of Practical Wisdom. WIRED. Available at:www. wired.com/2009/02/ted-barry- schwa

Volume 4  Issue No. 2 ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal ix Table of Contents

Page Foreword ...... vii

Research Articles Development of Data Acquisition Model for Daily Light Integral Measurement 1 Anton de Ocampo

Mobile Based Crime Mapping and Event Geography Analysis for CARAGA 9 Mark Phil B. Pacot

Traversing the Threshold: A Phenomenological Inquiry on Student Professionalism in Pharmacy Education ...... 18 Marie Cicelie C. Ng1* and Allan B. de Guzman in the Philippines ...... 29 MarivicFactors Mendoza Affecting Pimentel Social Science Teachers’ Burnout in Selected State Universities of the Structural Variants of “Read” towards Improved Oral Performance ...... 70 ArseniaProficiency S. Allam of Sophomore English Majors on the Pronunciation

Automatic Recognition of Correctly Pronounced English Words using Machine Learning 82 Ronalyn C. Pedronan, Rizaldy A. Manglal-lan, Jr., Kristine Joy B. Galasinao, Reychell P. Salvador, and James Patrick A. Acang*

Instructions to Authors ...... 94

APA Format for References ...... 100

APA Citation Style ...... 103

APHERJ Review Process ...... 104

Publication Ethics ...... 105

Call for Articles 109

x ASIA Pacific Higher Education Research Journal Volume 4  Issue No. 2 Focus and Scope

The Asia Pacific HigherThe Jou Educationrnal D esc Researchription Journal (APHERJ), an

impact researches addressing issues and concerns of education and teacher education,international social multidisciplinary sciences, engineering refereed journal,and technology publishes andquality educational and high policy and business education in the Asia Pacific Rim. It provides a forum for dissemination of qualitative and quantitative researches on theory and instructional model building, product development, policy studies, internationalization as well as local responsiveness from different countries and cultures. It aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice through the publication of empirical research which are relevant and contributory to solving higher education problems.

Statement of Purpose

1.This Share journal researches aims at providing that have the national HEIs venue and international to: impact;

2. Open opportunities for faculty, staff, students to publish their research and increase their academic visibility through publication;

3. Strengthen the academic synergy among members of HEIs in the region and in the international arena for research collaboration; and

4. Promote , utilize, apply, and commercialize researches for the

benefits of global communities

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