UTTARAK HAND CONTENTS 1 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF UTTARAKHAND 2 OUTLINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UTTARAKHAND UTTARKASHI AND HOW TO ACHIEVE THEM 3 NEWSP APERS CLIPPINGS R.G. GUPTA RUDRAPRAYAG CHAMOLI POLICY/CITY PLANNER 4 EXISTING STATUS OF UTTARAKHAND

DEHRADUN TEHRI GARHWAL

PITHORAGARH R. G. Gupta (M: 09811018374)City / Policy Planner Email: [email protected]

PAURI GARHWAL BAGESHWAR web : www.rgplan.org ; blog. www.ramgopalgupta.blog.com HARIDWAR

ALMORA ABOUT UTTARAKHAND

th th NAINITAL CHAMPAWAL The State of Uttarakhand was created on 9 of November, 2000 as 27 state of Outline for the country. It is famous for its scenic beauty and surrounding Himalayas. serves as the provisional capital and is also the biggest city of the state. Handicrafts and handlooms are its two major industries. It is also famous the UDHAM SINGH NAGAR for being the origin of the Chipko Movement.

DEVELOPMENT The state is regarded as The Dev Bhumi or Land of God because it houses OF various religious places. It is regarded as the most sacred to propitiate the UTTRAKHAND gods. 1 Circulation with full priority on road 5 Public and private partnership in most 9 Use of I. T. including Museums to system but limited railways, waterways of the projects with full transparency. propagate Hindu culture. & airways. 6 Use of TDR (Transfer of Development Rights) 7 Higher FAR along High traffic Intensity Corridoors. 8 Highest Level of research in primary livelihood; especially in - (a) Agriculture (b) Tree-plantation (c) National Parks 10 Planning (Physical; Financial; Time & (d) Wild Life Centuries and (e) Bio Direction with strategy)–a continuious technology. process. 11 Land, Finance, and Land use policy on scientific basis. 12 Proper coordination, integration, 2 Religious system - history of temples evaluation & monitoring at various of Hindus and propagation of their levels. faith and culture. 13 Planning, Re-Planning; Development; Re-Development; Construction; Re- 3 Natural resources; water, mountains, Construction; Re-Management and green areas, trees, wild animals & forest. Maintenance: with the Instrument of E-Governnance and 4 Control of Public Sector only on policy M. Governance. matters and planning of temples and Most of the transition by Email; religious places but implementation Contact by CCTV Cameras and and control under Public & Private Communicate by Mobile. R.G. GUPTA Partnership. cont . . . POLICY/CITY PLANNER 14 To improve the Economy of the State. 20 Planning of other urban settlements; namely, Pauri Garhwal; Udham Singh 15 To revive the old Focal Points to the Nagar; Narsen; Bhagwanpur; extent possible and create new Focal Khatima; ; Haldwani; Points with new technology and IT Rudarpur; Vikas Nagar with different inputs. types of infrastructure i.e. a) Physical, b) Circulation c) Social, d) Ecological, 16 To connect most of the exiting and e) Economic, f) Emergency & g) proposed Focal Points by roads to the Character.; extent possible; water ways and air ways to limited extent and railways 21 Construction of EWS housing in the only up to some centres. entire state; partly funding by the 17 Planning of Rural Centres by dividing Central and State Government; partly 24 Creation of new radio and T.V. them into Growth Centres; Growth by Local Govt, and the balance by Channels; Based on culture; Points and Basic Villages with different Adjusting Commercial Land Use with Religious places; Forest; Bio types of infrastructure i.e. a) Physical, other uses. Technology and National Parks. b) Circulation c) Social, d) Ecological, 22 Development of various Commercial 25 Development from the Bottom to the e) Economic, f) Emergency & g) Centres using the existing Shops and Character. Top. Development has to be started Commercial Establishments. These from either side so that the entire area 18 Planning of the Capital - Dehradun; centres will be like District centres; Sub is developed in due course of time in Mega City with different types of district centres; Community Shopping a systematic manner. infrastructure i.e. a) Physical, b) Centres; Local Shopping Centres and Circulation c) Social, d) Ecological, e) Convinience Shopping Centres. 26 One Planning Authority for the entire state with Head Office in the Capital Economic, f) Emergency & g) 23 Development of Hotels, Motels, Character. and Sub Head Offices in emerging Resorts and Individual Houses for Mega Cities & other important 19 Planning of emerging Mega Cities; Tourists. This sector has to be given settlements. Haridwar; Roorkee; Nanital; ------with maximum importance with full different types of infrastructure i.e. a) Circulation Infrastructure, Health 27 S p e c i a l E n f o r c i n g A u t h o r i t y Physical, b) Circulation c) Social, d) I n f r a s t r u t u r e , A r c h a e o l o g i c a l consisting of officials of the state Ecological, e) Economic, f) Emergency Monuments & Development of areas Govt., Districts, Local Bodies, etc. & g) Character. from time to time.

UTTARKASHI

RUDRAPRAYAG CHAMOLI

DEHRADUN TEHRI GARHWAL

PITHORAGARH

PAURI GARHWAL BAGESHWAR HARIDWAR ALMORA HOW TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE

NAINITAL CHAMPAWAL

UDHAM SINGH NAGAR ?? PROPOSAL 1 No New Rural Settlement will be 7 Special Educational Institutions - i) 10 Modifications in following Acts & allowed without Primary, Secondary & High Level Universities for Ecology, Policies - i) Development Act, ii) Tertiary Activities concerning to Building Bye-laws on Electronic Education, Health, Securtiy, Safety, System, iii) Land Acquisition Act Justice, Recreation, Small Medium & concerning to Quick & Emergent Large Parks, Play Groung, Open Acquisition, iv) Urban & Rural Art Spaces, Shelter, Rural Industrial Commision concerning to only Areas, Commercial Areas, Some specific buidings and only elevations, Government Offices, Panchayat v) Regularization of Unauthorized Office, Private Offices, Grains colonies & Structures. Godowns. 11 Creation of a single authority only to 2 Existing Rural Settlements will plan the following components: i) continue as they are with proper Different types of land uses, ii) Planning, Re-Planning, Development, Physical Infrastructure (Water, Re- Development, Construction, Re- Bio-technology, Water resources and Sewerage, Drainage, Solid Waste Construction. Mountain Engineering: may be Management, Power), iii) Circulation 3 Start the development from the established at Dehradun and Haldwani Infrastructure (Roads, Railways & backward / depressed / empty areas. / Kathgodam, ii) Large size IT at Airways), iv) Social Infrastructure Divide the entire system of Dehradun, and Kathgodam, (Health, Education, Security, Safety, Governance into following TWO iii) Institue of Governance of Recreation, Shelter), v) Ecological DISTINCT PARTS: Infrastructure (Physical, Social, Infrastructure (To control water, air, One : Planning, Development, Economic and Ecological) especially noise & soil pollution), vi) Economic Construction, Management & of Mountainious Character should be Infrastructure (To increase GDP & per Maintenance of infrastructure based established. capita income), vii) Emergency on 12th Five Year Plan. 8 Health Facilities have to be increased Infrastructure (Earthquake, High Two : Coordination, Integration, substantially Floods etc.), viii) Water and Mountanious Resources. Evaluation & Monitoring of different 9 Connectivity - i) Air connection activities. between Delhi, Dehradun and 12 MODIFICATIONS IN FOLLOWING ACTS & POLICIES 4 Creation of New Radio & T.V. Channels Kathgodam, ii) Helicopter connection reflecting only the plus/ good points of between Dehradun, Chamoli and (i) Development Act all the district of Uttrakhand and then Kathgodam, iii) Highway connection (ii) Building Bye-laws on Electronic create a "News Channel" not only for between: Delhi to Roorkee, Haridwar, System the people of the State but for the Dehradun and Delhi to Moradabad, (iii) Land Acquisition Act concerning to country. Kathgodam, iv) Hilly road connections Quick & Emergent Acquisition 5 Create many I.T. Parks in the State. with all the settlements, which are (iv) Urban & Rural Art Commission concerning to only specific buildings 6 Focal Points would be based on: - i) Growth Centres, based on provision (v) Regularization of Unauthorised Historical features like monuments etc. of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary colonies & structures ii) Natural features: i.e. water or activities, v) Connection of Basic mountains features. ii) New large villages with Growth Points and cont . . . R.G. GUPTA complexes etc. Growth Centres. POLICY/CITY PLANNER NEWS PAPERS CLIPPINGS

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OTHER HEADLINES

psrus dh ?kM+h Over 60,000 stranded across Uttarkhand A catastrophe called disaster vkRefparu dk volj nks lkS xkaoksa esa Hkq[kejh dh ukScr All pilgrims rescued from kedarnath, focus osQnkjukFk esa iwtk dks ysdj eq[; iqtkjhµ'kadjkpk;Z esas fNM+h shifts to Badrinath and Harsil cgl dks v#fpdj eku jgs gSaµân;ukjk;.k nhf{kr lokyksa osQ ?ksjs esa vkink izcaèku Hk;kog fLFkfr D;ksa iQVrs gSa ckny\ fouk'k dk ekWMy 308 from Delhi still missing in Uttarakhand fodkl osQ nwf"kr ekWMy osQ dkj.k Hkfo"; esa izko`Qfrd osQnkjukFk laokjus dks vkxs vk, eksnh vkinkvksa esa c<+ksrjh dh vk'kadk tkrk jgs gSµ,elh esgrk U'Khand chief Secy raises estimate of missing 40 gtkj dks cpkus dh pqukSrh 10-fold from 350 to 3,000 gknls osQ ckn fiQj MVs toku It's a race against time as weather, hunger Biggest challenge now : Rebuilding lives of larks dh rdjkj threaten thousands of lives thousands of U'khand locals cpkbZ tk ldrh Fkh yksxksa dh tkusa vkink izHkkforksa dh enn dks c<+s gkFk igkM+h jkT;ksa osQ dbZ iufctyh ?kj osQ Bi gksus % mek Hkkjrh Toll may cross 1,000, says uttarakhand CM dk [krjk cjdjkj (fiQj c<+ ldrk gS fctyh ladV) xkaoksa esa cckZnh dk gkgkdkj vius gkFkksa jph xbZ rckgh ugha Fke jgk vkalqvksa dk lSykc f[kyokM+ dh [kkSiQukd ltk Govt plays down coordination gap, but moves to streamline relief ops izo`Qfr dk Hk;kud iyVokj ohjku jkLrksa ij [kqn gh gVk, iRFkj APPEAL cps yksxksa osQ lkeus ladV csfglkc The dark side of urjaparadesh You are already aware that at presetn entire state of Uttarakhand is facing the Mountain Mayhem Rains Hamper Rescue Operations, terrible crisis of natural calamity. But Govt Says Worst is Over This disaster has caused loss of numerous lives and public oqQnjr dk [ksy gekjk izcaèku isQy properties. At time ofthis crisis, I fodkl dh foHkhf"kdk appeal to all the people of the mÙkjdk'kh esa iaQls gSa }kjdk osQ 59 rhFkZ;k=kh Epidemic Fears as fever spreads country and our state to participate in this relief and U'Khand's disaster preparedness non-existent, Saviours lose their own lives : 20 rescuers rescue work like volunteers. I warned CAG in April appeal to all commercial, killed in chopper cash social organization and The rescue Juggernaut industrialists to please generously contribute in gtkj ls T;knk ejus dk vans'kk Chief Minister's Relief Military Precision for Mega Rescue Fund, uttarakhand. Man's greed trigered tragedy Minister, Disaster Management osQanz dk funsZ'k] mÙkjk[kaM ljdkj osQ tfj;s Govt of Uttarakhand U'Khand toll could be in thousands pysxk jkgr o cpko dk dke R.G. GUPTA DNA tests to help identify dead lsuk dk vklkèkkj.k jkgr vfHk;ku POLICY/CITY PLANNER ea=kh&foèkk;d fufèk ls nl&nl yk[k B.Sc.; B.Arch (G.Md) jkgr osQ bartkj esa yk[kksa nsus dk ,syku Master Urban Planning; SPA - Delhi P.G. Dip (R.D.P.) Netherlands izko`Qfrd dgj dk lcd ckfj'k us jkosQ jkgr dk;Z osQ jkLrs F.I.E; F.I.T.P; F.I.I.A.; F. Amda. Rain stops, nightmare continues A State Robbed & Devastated Member- IRC, IBC, IIPA, ISRS, CIT (India) It was A disaster Waiting To Happen jktuhfr dk foo`Qr :i cont . . . R.G. GUPTA POLICY/CITY PLANNER EXISTING STATUS OF UTTARAKHAND LOCATION, LAND & POPULATION Uttarakhand is situated in the northern portion of India. The state touches Tibet in the north, Nepal in the east, Himachal Pradesh in the west and north-west and Gangetic Plains of Uttar Pradesh in the south. It extends between 77o34' and 81o 02' E longitude and 28o43' to 31 o 27' to N Latitude The state covers a total area of 51,125 sq.km and is the 18th biggest state in India. Most of the areas of the state are hilly and forested. It occupies 1.73% of India's total land area, with a population of 10,116,752 or say 10.11 M as per the 2011 census; out of which 0.51 M males and 0.49M are females. The total number of in-habitated villages are 15761 including forest villages.

The prominent geographical features of Uttarakhand are as following:

(1) Mountainous shrubland and plains, (2) The alpine bushes and pastures of Western Himalaya, (3) Moderate coniferous jungles, (4) Subalpine conifer jungles in the Western Himalayas, (5) Moderate broadleaf forests of the Western Himalaya, (6) Subtropical pine forests of the Himalayan mountain range, (7) Terai-Duar lowlands and savanna, (8) Humid broadleaf forests of the Upper Gangetic Plains. The density of population in Uttarakhand is 189 persons per sq.km {All India – 382}having a decadal growth rate of 19.17% as per 2011 census. However, the spread of population is fairly uneven. For instance the districts of Haridwar and Dehradun together account for roughly 36% of the State's population whereas district Champawat accounts for only 2.56%.

MAIN SUMMARY – 2011 INDIA UTTRAKHAND Total Male Females Total Male Females Population 1,21,01,93,422 62,37,24,248 58,64,69,174 1,01,16,752 51,54,178 49,62,574 Literacy Rate 74.04 82.14 65.46 70.63 88.33 70.70 EDUCATION Decadal increase rate in Population (2001-11) 17.64 19.17 Female-Male Ratio 940 963 The gender ratio in Uttarakhand stands at 963 population Density 382 189 female per 1000 males. The literacy rates of the state is 79.63%; out of which 88.33% Details of 13 districts in Uttarakhand in respect of (i) Population, (ii) Percentage of males and 70.70% females as per 2011 increase in population per decade (2001-2011), (iii) Male and Females Ratio per census. As of 30 September, 2010 there were 1000 males, (iv) Population Density per sq.km., (v) Literacy rate. All the details are 15,331 primary schools with 1,040,139 students and 22,188 working teachers. The as per 2011 census: main school affiliations are CBSE, CISCE or % of increase in Sex Ratio the state syllabus. Uttarakhand is home to Density/ Population Pop. per decade (No. of Females/ Literacy several important educational institutions S.No. Name of Districts Sq.km. (2001-2011) 1000 Males) rate including University of Petroleum and Energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Studies, Dehradun, Pant University of Uttarakhand 1,01,16,752 19.17 963 189 79.63 Agriculture and Technology, Forest Research Institute and The Doon School (Dehradun) 1 Uttarkashi 329686 11.75 959 41 75.98 which is the important one. 2 Chamoli 391114 5.60 1021 49 83.48 3 Rudraprayag 236857 4.14 1120 119 82.09 4 Tehri Garhwal 616409 1.93 1078 169 75.10 5 Dejhradun 1698560 32.48 902 550 85.24 6 Garhwal 686527 -1.51 1103 129 82.59 TRANSPORT 7 Pithoragarh 485993 5.13 1021 69 82.93 Uttarakhand has 29,508 km. of roads, of which 8 Bageshwar 259840 5.13 1093 116 80.69 1,328 km are national highways and 1,543 km 9 Almora 621927 -1.73 1142 198 81.06 are state highways. Uttarakhand Transport Corporation is a major constituent of the 10 Champawat 259315 15.49 981 147 80.73 transportation system in the state. 11 Nainital 955128 25.20 933 225 84.85 The state air transport is not very well 12 Udham Singh Nagar 1648367 33.40 919 648 74.44 developed, although there have been efforts 13 Haridwar 1927029 33.16 879 817 74.68 to develop Naini Saini Airport in Pithoragarh district, Chaniyalisaur in Uttarkashi and Gauchar in Chamoli district. The major airport mÙkjk[k.M mÙkjk[k.M ftyksa dk {ks=kiQy vkSj tula[;k dk rqyukRed vkdkj 2011 in the state is the Jolly Grant Airport in tula[;k vkSj ldy n'kdh; vfHko`f¼ Dehradun which is well connected to Delhi. (vufUre) 1901-2011 peksyh 90% Uttarakhand's terrain consists of hills, 110 Railway services are very limited in the state.

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pEikor 2 2 4 4 0 6 8 9 9 8 9 4 5 railheads are Rishikesh, Kotdwar and 7 2 3 4 6 5 1 2 3 4 8 10 7 9 7 6 5 8 2 0 9 9 3 9 6 5 2 0 4 9 2 1 5 0 9 5 1 2 9 5 1 7 4 0 4 1 8 Ramnagar which are linked to Delhi by regular 1 1 1 7 4 0 6 9 1 3 9 6 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 5 4 7 2 1 2 2 2 3 8 0 1 train service. izfr'kr 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 {ks=kiQy 1- ftyksa osQ ckj {ks=kiQy rFkk tula[;k esa mudk izfr'kr va'k iznf'kZr djrs gSA 2- ftyksa dk Øe muosQ {ks=kiQy osQ ?kVrs Øe esa fn;k x;k gSA cont . . . R.G. GUPTA tula[;k tux.kuk o"kZ POLICY/CITY PLANNER 2 High UNEMPLOYMENT and LOW PER centres specially Haridwar Gate of CAPITA INCOME; both have to be Heaven increased. (c) AGRO—PROCESSING AND ENERGY 3 A D V A N T A G E O U S F A C T O R S HORTICULTURE; can be one of the LEVERAGED TO A LARGE EXTENT IN very important out put. Uttarakhand has an estimated Hydro Power THE FOLLOWING SECTORS: - Potential of approximately 20000 MW. (d) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – (a) POWER – to be increased to 30,000 up to unlimited extent. However, at present we have been able to tap MW to be supplied to some of the only 1139 MW so far. In addition, 5445 MW needy States specially Delhi. (e) BIO TECHNOLOGY. It needs lot of projects are under construction and 7421 MW RESEARCH due to different types projects are allotted to Central, State, and (b) TOURISM & PILGRIMAGE up to of terrain and altitude. Private Sector. 39 projects with a potential of unlimited extent, as there are many 6374 MW have been identified for PFR under PM's Hydro Initiatives. SETTLEMENT PLANNING OF UTTRAKHAND

The state of Uttarakhand was created on 9th Uttrakhand has one Nagar Nigam namely November 2000 as a 27 state of the Indian Dehradun; Union. There are two Hill Divisions and district of Hardwar thus comprising 13 districts. The 31 Nagar Palika Parishad namely : ECONOMY state is surrounded by Tibet in the North, 1. Kotdwar, 2. , 3. Nainital, 4. The Uttarakhand state has been one of the Himachal Pradesh in the West & North West, Gangetic plains of Uttar Pradesh in the South & Haldwani, 5. Kashipur, 6. Almora, 7. fastest growing economies in India. Its Gross Hardwar, 8. Roorkee, 9. Uttarkashi, 10. State Domestic Product (GSDP) has Nepal in the East. The state has rivers, deep valleys, glaciers, alpine meadows & high Pauri, 11. Srinagar, 12. Dogadda, 13. Tehri, beenmore than doubled from Rs. 24,786 crore 14. Narendranagar, 15. Rishikesh, 16. in FY 2005 to Rs. 60,898 crore in FY-2012. peaks. The state is spread on 53483 S. km. of land with 8.49 million populations in 2001 AD. Ramnagar, 17. Bhowali, 18. Jaspur, 19. The real GSDP growth at 13.7% (CAGR) Pithoragarh, 20. Manglaur, 21. Joshimath, during the FY2005-FY-2012 period. Numbers of inhabited villages is 15761 including forest villages. The district of 22. Gopeshwar, 23. , 24. Per capital income in Uttarakhand is Rs. Hardwar and Dehradun together account for Rudrapur, 25. Bageshwar, 26. Tanakpur, 82,193 (FY 2012) which is higher than the roughly 32% of the state's population whereas 27. Kichha, 28. Gadarpur, 29. Sitarganj, national average of Rs. 60,603 (FY 2012). district Champawat has only 2.65 % 30. Bazpur, 31. Khatima. According to the Reserve Bank of India, the population. Rural to Urban population as per 31 Nagar Panchayats namely : total foreign direct investment in the state from 2001 Census is 74: 26. April 2000 to October 2009 amounted to US$ CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory submitted a 1. Kaladhungi, 2. Muni-ki-reti, 3. Kirtinagar, 46.7 Million. concept note, which identified the major 4. Jhabrera, 5. Devprayag, 6. Bhimtal, 7. Agriculture is the most significant sector in concern areas as : Barkote, 8. Badrinath, 9. Gauchar, 10. Uttarakhand, Rice, Soyabeans, Wheat, (i) Uttarkhand need an economic pickup to Nandprayag, 11. Karnprayag, 12. groundnuts, pulses, coarse cereals and oil achieve its development goal; Rudraprayag, 13. Kedarnath, 14. seeds are main crops. Apples, pears, (ii) High unemployment and low per capita , 15. Lalkuan, 16. Sultanpur, 17. oranges , peaches, plums and litchis are income. Dwarahat, 18. Didihat, 19. Dharchula, 20. widely grown and are an important part of the Uttrakhand has comparative advantage and Champawat, 21. Lohaghat, 22. Landhaura, food industry. The main cash crop of the state needs to be leveraged in the following sectors: 23. Gangotri, 24. Doiwala, 25. Dineshpur, is sugarcane. -(i) Power (ii Tourism (iii) A g r o - 26. Kelakhera, 27. Shaktinagar, 28. processing and Horticulture (iv) Information Mahuadabra, 29. Mahuakheraganj, 30. Technology (v) BioTechnology & Small Laksar, 31. Chamba. and Medium Enterprises.

POPULATION OF THE FOLLOWING SETTLEMENT IS AS UNDER : TOURISM Uttarakhand has many tourist spots; due to its NAME OF DISTRICT NAME OF KSHETRA PANCHAYAT POPULATION 2001 location in the Himalayas. There are many 1 2 3 ancient temples, forest reserves, national Distance Category—1 (0-49 Kms) – @ 30.00 Per Capita parks, hill stations, and mountain peaks that draw large number of tourists. There are Tehri Garhwal 1. Narendra Nagar 61170 about 40 nationally protected monuments in Dehradun 2. Vikasnagar 96557 the state. Two of the most holy rivers of the 3. Sahaspur 112905 Hinds the Ganga and Yamuna, originate from 4. Raipur 102843 Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand is, however, a place of pilgrimage not only for the Hindus. 5. Doiwala 173891 Hemkund, nested in the Himalayas, is a prime Pauri Garhwal 6. Dugadda 104284 pilgrimage centre for the Sikhs. Haridwar 7. Jahrikhal 31173 hosts the Kumbha Mela every twelve years, in 8. Dwarikhal 41408 which millions of pilgrims take parts from all part of India and the World. Nainital 9. Ram Nagar 88775 Some of the most famous hill stations in India 10. Haldwani 143830 are in Uttarakhand. Mussoorie, Nainital, 11. Kotabagh 54585 Dhanauti, Landsdowne, Sattal, Almora, 12. Bhimtal 44423 Kausani, Bhimtal and Ranikhet are some of 13. Dhari 28741 the popular hill stations. The state has 12 14. Betalghat 49518 National Parks and Wildlife sanctuaries. The oldest national park on the Indian sub- Udham Singh Nagar 15. Jaspur 102809 continent, Jim Corbett National Park is a major 16. Kashipur 79931 tourist attraction. 17. Bazpur 102480 18. Gadarpur 105384 Attention has been paid to bring gradual changes in the traditional fields of 19. Rudrapur 117000 horticulture, agriculture, animal husbandry 20. Sitarganj 148978 and dairy development. 21. Khatima 174825 VISION (SPECIAL FEATURES) OF THE Hardwar 22. Bhagwanpur 179336 STATE 23. Roorkee 187264 1 It needs an ECONOMIC PICKUP based 23. Narsen 201503 on Natural resources; to be exploited by Man & Society. R.G. GUPTA POLICY/CITY PLANNER