The History and Philosophical Problems of Sāṃkhya Darsana
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The Vaiesikastra S9-1 Referred to in the Yuktidipik Shujun Motegi
Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies Vol. 36, No. 2, March 1988 The Vaiesikastras9-1 referred to in the Yuktidipik Shujun Motegi The Vaisesika-sutra (=vs)1) is a text of ambiguity, which contains not a few obscure sutras. In the present paper, I would take up VS 9-1 as one of such sutras and discuss its meaning with the help of the reference in the Yuktidipika (=YD)2>, an anonymous commentary of the Samkhyakarika. VS 9-1 runs: kriya-guna-vyapadesabhavad asat. (An effect does not exist in a cause because there is no such inferential mark as kriya-guna-vyapadesa to show its existence in a cause. ) This sutra explains one of the four patterns of non-existence, and as the result supports the asatkaryavad a, which is a typical Vaisesika theory of causation. According to the Vaisesika school, the empirical world is constituted by connec- tion and dissociation of atoms (paramanu). Material beings (karyas) are always newly constituted by connection and dissociation of atoms, so that they can not be supposed to exist (asat) in preceedingly existent beings. To prove this point of view, the sutra presents the inferential mark (linga), that is, kriya-guna-vya- pad esa. Before going into examination of the VS referred to in the YD, we have to cast a glace on the commentaries of the VS to see the Vaisesika tradition of in- terpretation. The commentaries of the VS don't agree with each other in the reading of the compound word kriya-guna-vyapadesa. Candrananda, for exam- ple, interprets VS 9-1 as follows : na tavat karyam prag utpatteh pratyaksena grhyate / napy anumdnena, sati liege tasya bhavat, liiigabhavas ca tadiyayoh kriyagunayor anupalabdheh, na canyad vyapadesa- sabdasucitam lingam asti / tasmat prag utpatter asat / (Candrananda's Vrtti, p. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Samkhya Philosophy
Samkhya Philosophy Yoga Veda Institute Samkhya Philosophy Introduction to Samkhya Äyurveda is literally translated as ‘Knowledge of Life’. So, even though this knowledge may be scientific, it is also very much a philosophical view of life. There are six major philosophical views, or perspectives in India. Think of it as an object, which can be viewed six dierent ways- you can have a frontal view, back view, birds eye view, a long distant view, an extreme close up, and so on. Similarly, Knowledge and Life can also be seen with dierent perspectives. In India, it’s reered to as the Shad Darshan {the six philosophies of life}. These six perspectives or philosophies, whereby, we view or experience ‘life’ are: • Samkhya {Theory of creation, Duality and Enumeration} Seer Kapila Muni • Nyaya {Logic and Reasoning} Seer Gautama Rishi • Vaisheshika {Unique Aspect} Seer Kanada • Mimasa {Ritual} Seer Jaimani • Yoga {Union – practical application of Sankhya} Seer Patanjali • Vedanta {Study of Veda Sutras} Seer Veda Vyasa In this program we are focusing on Samkhya, and Vedanta. Among these six perspectives and philosophies Äyurveda has been inuenced most by Samkhya. There have been inuences from other philosophies like Mimamsa, Yoga and Vedanta as well. Samkhya Philosophy Definition of Samkhya Samkhya Philosophy translates as “Theory of Numbers or Enumeration” and subtle principle of energies that govern the universe, and all the living entities. It is impossible to understand Äyurveda without understanding Samkhya Philosophy. Mentions of Samkhya are found in various ancient texts, however, we will focus on ‘Bhagavata Purana’ and teachings of Kapila, and Caraka Samhita. Samkhya is one of the six perspectives or philosophies that inuenced Äyurveda. -
Samkhya System
HE RITA G E O F INDIA . ZARIAH The Right Reverend V S A , Bishop of Dornakal . AR UHAR . ITT . J N F " , M A , D L Alr a u lish d e dy p b e . Th f B u h e e a r K . M A. H o dd s m . S AU S . t i I NDER , R As ok . D M . M P M . M . a E V . A A HA L . J C I , , In a di n a n n . r n a Y B c l OW Ca lcu ta . P i ti g P i ip PERC R N , t Ka n r r r RE . E B . ese e a u . R a L e V . A it t P ICE , n s u n r aration S u bjects p roposed a d volu me de p rep . A KRIT A D R R S N S N P ALI LITE AT U E . M O ord H mns r h V d A . A . A LL O . r . y f om t e e a s . P o f CD NE , xf n h r . ro . LA A t olo gy o f M a hayana Lite ra tu e P f . L DE VALLEE ou e Gh e n . P s , t M A h S e le c r h h ST R . D m n a d . W e l . ons o t e U a s s . ti f p i F J E E N , i M M . -
Syllabus for M.A Programme in Nyaya Faculty of Indian
SYLLABUS FOR M.A PROGRAMME IN NYAYA FACULTY OF INDIAN LOGIC The syllabus credit and semester M.A Programme in Nyaya is being restructured. M.A Programme is consisted of four semesters. Total number of courses is 20, each course is having four credits. Thus the student has acquire a minimum total of 80 credits for completing the programme. Core course- 12, Electives- 5, Multidisciplinary- 2, and 1 Dissertation. The detailed syllabus for each course with name, course code, credits, module, method of evaluation, pattern of question paper and reference etc are given below: SEMESTER-I Course 1, Core I- PNYM:2201 History of Nyaya and Vaisesika Course 2, Core II- PNYM:2202 Vaisesikasutra with Upaskara Course 3, Core III- PNYM:2203 Prameyas in Nyayadarsana Course 4, Multidisciplinary- I- PNYM:M-201 Course 5, Internal Elective- I- PNYM:IE-2213 2 SEMESTER-II Course 6, Core IV- PNYS:2204 Nyayasiddhantamukthavaly Anumana with Dinakari Course 7, Core V- PNYS:2205 Nyayakusumanjali- Stabaka I & II Course 8, Core VI- PNYS:2206 Vyutpattivada- Prathama Course 9, Multidisciplinary- II- PNYS-M:202 Course 10, Internal Elective- II- PNYS-IE:2214 SEMESTER-III Course 11, Core VII- PNYM:2207 Nyayakusumanjali- Stabaka- III & IV Course 12, Core VIII- PNYM:2208 History of Darsanas and Western Logic Course 13 Core IX- PNYM:2209 Gunanirupana of Nyayasiddhanthamukthavali Course 14, Internal Elective- III-PNYM: IE-2215 Course 15, Internal Elective- IV-PNYM: IE-2216 SEMESTER-IV Course 16, Core X- PNYS:2210 Hetvabhasasamanyanirukti 3 Course 17, Core XI- PNYS:2211 Avayavaprakarana Course 18, Core XII- PNYS:2212 Vyutpattivada- Dvitiya Course 19, Internal Elective V- PNYS:2217 Course 20, Dissertation ELECTIVE COURSES 1. -
Philosophy of Sri Madhvacarya
PHILOSOPHY OF SRI MADHVAGARYA by Vidyabhusana Dr. B. N. K. SHARMA, m. a., Ph. d., Head of the Department of Sanskrit and Ardhamagadhl, Ruparel College, Bombay- 16. 1962 BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN BOMBAY-7 Copyright and rights of translation and reproduction reserved by the author.. First published.' March, 1962 Pri/e Rs. 15/- Prlnted in India By h. G. Gore at the Perfecta Printing Works, 109A, Industrial Aiea, Sion, Bombay 22. and published by S. Ramakrishnan, Executive Secrelaiy Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay 1. Dedicated to &R1 MADHVACARYA Who showed how Philosophy could fulfil its purpose and attain its goal by enabling man to realize the eternal and indissoluble bond of Bitnbapratibimbabhava that exists between the Infinite and the finite. ABBREVIATIONS AV. Anu-Vyakhyana Bhag. Bhagavata B. T. Bhagavata-Tatparya B. S. Brahma-Sutra B. S. B. Brahmasutra Bhasya Brh. Up. Brhadaranyaka-Upanisad C. Commentary Chan. Up. Chandogya Upanisad Cri. Sur. I. Phil. A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy D. M. S. Daivi Mimamsa Sutras I. Phil. Indian Philosophy G. B. Glta-Bha»sya G. T. Glta-Tatparya KN. Karma-Nirnaya KN. t. Karma Nirpaya Tika M. G. B. Madhva's GTta Bhasya M. Vij. Madhvavijaya M. S. Madhvasiddhantasara Mbh. Mahabharata Mbh. T. N. Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya Man. Up. Mandukya Upanisad Mith. Kh.t. Mithyatvanumana Khandana Tika Mund.Up. Mundaka Upanisad Nym- Nyayamrta NS. Nyaya Sudha NV. Nyaya Vivarapa PP- Pramana Paddhati P- M. S. Purva Mlmamsa Sutras R- V. Rg Veda R.G.B. Ramanuja's Glta Bhasya S. N. R. Sannyaya Ratnavalf Svet. Up. Svetaivatara Upanisad Tg. ( Nyayamrta )-Tarangini TS. -
Handbook of Hinduism Ancient to Contemporary Books on the Related Theme by the Same Author
Handbook of Hinduism Ancient to Contemporary Books on the related theme by the Same Author ● Hinduism: A Gandhian Perspective (2nd Edition) ● Ethics for Our Times: Essays in Gandhian Perspective Handbook of Hinduism Ancient to Contemporary M.V. NADKARNI Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi ♦ Chennai ♦ Mumbai Kolkata ♦ Thiruvananthapuram ♦ Pune ♦ Bengaluru Handbook of Hinduism: Ancient to Contemporary M.V. Nadkarni © Author, 2013 Published by Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. 4821, Parwana Bhawan, 1st Floor, 24 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi - 110 002 Tel.: +91(011) 23276843-44, Fax: +91(011) 23276863 e-mail: [email protected], Website: www.anebooks.com Branches Avantika Niwas, 1st Floor, 19 Doraiswamy Road, T. Nagar, Chennai - 600 017, Tel.: +91(044) 28141554, 28141209 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Gold Cornet, 1st Floor, 90 Mody Street, Chana Lane, (Mohd. Shakoor Marg), Opp. Masjid, Fort Mumbai - 400 001, Tel.: +91(022) 22622440, 22622441 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Flat No. 16A, 220 Vivekananda Road, Maniktala, Kolkata - 700 006, Tel.: +91(033) 23547119, 23523639 e-mail: [email protected] # 6, TC 25/2710, Kohinoor Flats, Lukes Lane, Ambujavilasam Road, Thiruvananthapuram - 01, Kerala, Tel.: +91(0471) 4068777, 4068333 e-mail: [email protected] Resident Representative No. 43, 8th ‘‘A’’ Cross, Ittumadhu, Banashankari 3rd Stage Bengaluru - 560 085, Tel.: +91 9739933889 e-mail: [email protected] 687, Narayan Peth, Appa Balwant Chowk Pune - 411 030, Mobile: 08623099279 e-mail: [email protected] Please be informed that the author and the publisher have put in their best efforts in producing this book. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents. -
Lesson-3-New-Pdf.Pdf
Sankhya Philosophy Lesson 3 Sankhya Philosophy Module 1:: Lesson 3 Yoga Veda Institute Sankhya Philosophy :: Module 1:: lesson 3 Yoga and Ayurveda • Are sister sciences. • They are two paths, intertwined. • Originated from the ancient Sanskrit texts, called the Vedas. • Ayurveda :: is the healing side of these teachings. • Yoga :: is the practical, both paths overlap. • Yoga, and Ayurveda are rooted in the same Vedantic philosophy of Samkhya. Yoga Veda Institute Sankhya Philosophy :: Module 1:: lesson 3 State of Consciousness :: Brahman • Brahman: The state of consciousness. • As God. • The Universal Consciousness. • Brahman is beyond name, beyond form. • Formless • Nameless • Omnipresent • Omniscient Yoga Veda Institute Sankhya Philosophy :: Module 1:: lesson 3 AUM :: • All of creation began as a vibration or sound originated from Braham. • A-U-M or ‘AAAUUUMMMM • The symbol of AUM: • According to Samkhya, it is the primordial sound which is the womb of the entire manifested Universe. Yoga Veda Institute Sankhya Philosophy :: Module 1:: lesson 3 AUM :: • The vibration created a schism or disturbance. • Science refers to this as the “Big Bang”. • In Samkhya, this is not a one time event, but a continuous movement or vibration that is ongoing. • If AUM stops for an instant, all of the Universe as we know it will disappear instantly! • AUM is the unfolding of the Universal Consciousness as our experience of the Universe. Yoga Veda Institute Sankhya Philosophy :: Module 1:: lesson 3 Brahman :: • Desire of Brahman… which caused the vibration AUM, and the vibration which then began to manisfest the Universe. • Out of this vibration, a mirror image of Brahman was created. -
International Journal of Hinduism & Philosophy
International Journal of Hinduism & Philosophy (IJHP) The Publisher Bhagavad Gita Research Foundation (BGRF) has been established with the express purpose of ensuring a wider understanding of a supremely holy text of Hinduism. BGRF works not only to propagate this work but to ensure greater tolerance and openness of mind. The Bhagavad Gita offers a route to enlightenment that is open to all, for many of its devotees it is a means of finding the eternal way of ultimate liberation, knowledge, and bliss. Importantly, this philosophical treatise offers diverse paths (the spiritual, theological, intellectual and scientific) that help provide greater meaning to life. Through the study and practice of the tenets and teachings of the sublime book, we are all afforded a means to be spiritually nourished and satisfied. The BGRF seeks to ensure a wider understanding of one of the most influential texts in Eastern Philosophy, as well as bringing people together who have a wish to appreciate life's spiritual essence. We all need to seek and be prepared to question and learn in a spirit of mutual respect, tolerance, and humility. Bhagavad Gita Research Foundation (BGRF) is a non-profit making organization that is registered in UK as a company limited by guarantee. It is an independent and non-political entity that does not accept donations from any person or organization seeking to use the BGRF as a vehicle to promote their own political agenda. Copyright Authors are requested to make sure that submitted article is neither published nor simultaneously submitted or accepted elsewhere for publication. IJHP only accepts and publishes articles for which authors have agreed to release under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CCAL) version “CC BY 3.0”. -
Movements of Interweaving
Movements of Interweaving Movements of Interweaving is a rich collection of essays exploring the concept of interweaving performance cultures in the realms of movement, dance, and corporeality. Focusing on dance performances as well as on scenarios of cultural movements on a global scale, it not only challenges the concept of intercultural dance performances, but through its innovative approach also calls attention to the specifc qualities of “interweaving” as a form of movement itself. Divided into four sections, this volume features an international team of scholars uniting to develop a new critical perspective on the cultural practices of movement, travel, and migration in and beyond dance. Gabriele Brandstetter is Codirector of the International Research Centre “Interweaving Performance Cultures” and Professor of Theatre and Dance Studies at the Freie Universität Berlin. Gerko Egert is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Applied Theatre Studies at Justus-Liebig-University Giessen. Holger Hartung is Coordinator of the International Research Centre “ Interweaving Performance Cultures” at the Freie Universität Berlin. 9780815356233.indb 1 23/05/18 12:31 AM Routledge Advances in Theatre and Performance Studies Historical Affects and the Early Modern Theater Edited by Ronda Arab, Michelle M. Dowd, and Adam Zucker Food and Theatre on the World Stage Edited by Dorothy Chansky and Ann Folino White Global Insights on Theatre Censorship Edited by Catherine O’Leary, Diego Santos Sánchez & Michael Thompson Mainstream AIDS Theatre, the -
The Relation of Samkhya and Saiva Siddhanta
The Relation of Samkhya and Saiva Siddhanta The Relation of Samkhya and Saiva Siddhanta.* [* A Lecture delivered at Calcutta] BY SWAMI VEDACHALAM While a widespread interest and a great attention animate the study of modern Vedanta – the Vedanta of Sankaracharya and other recent scholars and not the Vedanta of ancient Indian Sages and philosophers – much indifference and lack of real interest beset the study of either of Samkhya or of Saiva Siddhanta. This has been mainly due to the dangerous dogmatism and intolerant bigotry of certain class of people in our country. Whatever might be the attitude of our sectarian philosophies towards Samkhya and Saiva Siddhanta, learned European scholars were not to be deterred from their endeavors to seek after truth but having made an immense sacrifice of their time and comforts they have brought to light the complete system of Samkhya and a portion of Saiva Siddhanta by producing faithful translations of works on these philosophies and editing their original texts. Thanks to their inequitable services in this direction, for our eyes are now opened to see the hidden knowledge that had been jealously guarded for many centuries by our own countrymen for fear of losing their prestige and feigned supremacy in all that concerns our life. It is an acknowledged fact today that, of all the existing systems of thought, Samkhya is the earliest and the deepest fountain of philosophy from which all the numerous streams of knowledge took their rise and flowed continuously up to the present time acquiring in their long course additional supplies of newer ideas from other sources. -
Le Samayasara
Jain Livre 5 °°°°° Le Samayasāra °°°°° Version 1.53 20151011 Copyright © Jainworld.com et les autres Introduction Le Samayasāra a été enseigné par le grand Maître spirituel jaïn l'Ācārya Kundakunda, qui était à la tête de la section Digambara dite Nandi Gana, au premier siècle de notre ère. Le texte se compose de 415 gāthās (versets) et traite de l'essence de l'âme. Il figure dans le Canon Digambara, et il constitue ainsi l'une des Écritures sacrées très vénérées de cette branche du Jaïnisme. On doit à Kundakunda bien d'autres œuvres, telles que le « Pravachanasāra », le « Pañchāstikāya », le « Niyamasāra », etc. Pour les Jaïns Digambara, le connaissance de Soi est incomplète sans le Samayasāra. Cette œuvre a été écrite en prakrit (saurasenī). Elle a été traduite en hindi par le Pandit Bal Bhadra, en sanskrit par l'Ācārya Amritchandra et en anglais par le Professeur A. Chakravarti, avec une longue introduction et un commentaire détaillé de chaque verset. La présente traduction en français respecte le style de l'auteur. Chapitre 1 Le Jīva ou l'âme 1. Après m'être respectueusement incliné devant tous les Siddhas (les Āmes pures) qui ont atteint une existence permanente, immuable et incomparable, je vais parler du Samaya Pāhuda ou Sāra (l'essence de l'âme) qui a été exposé par les Maîtres omniscients de l'Écriture. 2. Sachez que le Jīva, qui, dans sa pureté intrinsèque, observe la conduite, le foi et la connaissance justes, est le vrai Soi (l'âme réelle), mais que le Jīva qui est affecté par des matières karmiques n'est pas le vrai.