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Dual Localism in Seventeenth-Century Connecticut : Relations Between the General Court and the Towns, 1636-1691

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Dual Localism in Seventeenth-Century Connecticut : Relations Between the General Court and the Towns, 1636-1691 W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1974 Dual localism in seventeenth-century Connecticut : relations between the general court and the towns, 1636-1691 Thomas Walter Jodziewicz College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Jodziewicz, Thomas Walter, "Dual localism in seventeenth-century Connecticut : relations between the general court and the towns, 1636-1691" (1974). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623672. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-2t9v-6804 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-22,286 JODZIEWICZ, Thomas Walter, 1944- DUAL LOCALISM IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CONNECTICUT: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GENERAL COURT AND THE TOWNS, 1636-1691. The College of Will1am and Mary 1n Virginia, Ph.D., 1974 History, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1974 THOMAS WALTER JODZIEWICZ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DUAL LOCALISM IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CONNECTICUT: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GENERAL COURT AND THE TOWNS, 1636-1691 A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Thomas Walter Jodziewicz 197L APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Thomas Valter Approved, May 1974 Richard M. Brown, Chairman Edward M. Riley William P. Swindler (Marshall-Yfrthe School of Law) ii TO MY FATHER AND THE MEMORY OP MY MOTHER iii TABLE OP CONTENTS Page PREFACE...................................................... vi LIST OP TABLES.................................................. viii LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS........................................ ix ABSTRACT. .................................................. x LIST OP ABBREVIATIONS........................................ xi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..................................... 2 A. Narrative of Connecticut History, I636-I69I . 2 B. Historiography of Seventeenth-Century Connecti­ cut ....................................... 15 C. Towns Selected for Study................. 23 D. Method of Analysis of General Court-Town Rela­ tions in Seventeenth-Century Connecticut. 30 E. Dual Localism in Seventeenth-Century Connecti­ cut ....................................... 3ll CHAPTER II. THE GENERAL COURT............................... 38 A. 1639-1650............................... 51 B. 1651-1665............................... 55 C. 1 6 6 6 - 1 6 9 1 ............. 67 CHAPTER III. THE TOWNS....................................... 77 CHAPTER TV. THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GENERAL COURT AND THE TOWNS: INTRA-TOWN AFFAIRS...................... 112 A. Land.................................... 112 B. Pences.................................. 117 C. Livestock............................... 129 D. Timber.................................. 137 E. Wolves.................................. 11+3 F. Trade and Local Industry................. 11+5 G. Town Churches........................... 150 H. Meetinghouses........................... 166 I. Schools................................. 170 iv Page CHAPTER V. THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GENERAL COURT AND THE TOWNS: INTER-TOWN AFFAIRS, PART 1.............. 180 A. Boundaries: Fairfield, Norwalk.............. 181 B. Boundaries: Hartford, Windsor, Wethersfield, Farmington, and Middletown................. 198 C. Boundaries: New London, Stonington.......... 205 D. Highways, Ferries, and Bridges............... 230 CHAPTER VI, THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GENERAL COURT AND THE TOWNS: INTER-TOWN AFFAIRS, PART 2.............. 21+1 A. Rates....................................... 21+2 B. The Indians................................. 271 C. Military Affairs............................. 286 CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION....................................... 301 APPENDIX A. TABLES........................................... 311 APPENDIX B. NATHAN GOLD'S STATEMENT REGARDING ARBITRARY GOVERN­ MENT /l69l7................................... 321 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................. 325 v PREFACE Regarding seventeenth-century orthography and dating, I have followed two consistent editorial policies. As long as the quoted pas­ sage from a manuscript is intelligible in itself I have maintained seventeenth-century spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in order to retain and to communicate a more immediate sense of the documents. I have placed any alterations in brackets. In dating I have combined the O.S. (Old Style or Julian calendar) and N.S. (New Style or Gregorian calendar) designation for dates between January 1 and March 21+. That is, the O.S. year, used by the colonists, began on March 25 rather than January 1 as in the N.S. calendar. Hence February 5> 1655 O.S. has been designated February 5> 1655/6. This was done because l) the colonists dated according to the O.S. calendar and their manuscripts use O.S. dating, 2) such double dating cuts down on the possibility of mistakes regarding the use of seventeenth-century documents used in the present study, and 3) the colonists' use of double dating was encountered on occasion during research in seventeenth-century Connecticut. My graduate study at the College of William and Mary, as well as the research and writing of the dissertation, was aided by the following fellowships and scholarships: William and Mary Fellowship (1970, 1971)» DuPont Research Fellowship (1970-1971)» Mary Shannon Harrington Scholar­ ship, Colonial Dames (l971» 1971-1972), Seay Fellowship (1971-1972), and vi a Richard M. Weaver Fellowship (1971-1972). Four persons assisted in the completion of this study. Dean John E. Selby contributed incisive and very helpful comments on the organization of the paper and firmed hesitant conclusions with his pointed questions. The dissertation benefited immeasurably from the close critical reading of my dissertation adviser, Professor Richard Maxwell Brown, who has continued ever to set a much-appreciated example of professionalism. Of course neither Dean Selby nor Professor Brown is responsible for any errors or shortcomings in interpretation or con­ clusion within the paper. My son Tom did nothing for the completion of the dissertation that I could footnote, but he was always ready to take me away from it for more "important" and relaxing pursuits such as toy trucks and Dr. Seuss books. My wife Janet has suffered with me through every moment of this seemingly endless project. There have been hardships; there have been joys. We did it together. vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Number of Eiver Town and Non-River Town Magistrates (including Governor and Deputy-Govemor) and Deputies Serving in General Court Per Year: 1639-July 1662........ 312 2. Frequency of General Court Sessions Per Year: 1639-1691. • 313 3. Magistrates by Towns: 1639-1691............ 3lU lu Average Number of Town and Townsmens' Meetings Per Year: 1632-1691.............................................. 318 5. Number of Magistrates (including Governor and Deputy- Govemor) Elected Annually from River Towns and Non-River Towns: I639-I6 9 1 .....................................
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