History of the Colony of New Haven
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KJ5W H AVEN and its VICINITY Con. HISTORY COLONYF O NEW HAVEN, BEFOREND A AFTF.R THE U NION WITH CONNECTICUT. CONTAINING A P ARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OFHE T TOWNS WHICH COMPOSED THAT GOVERNMENT, VIZ., WEW H AVEN, / B RADFORD, ts iTIILFOKD, , STA n roiti», A CUILFORD, SOUTHOLD, I ,. I. WITH A N OTICE OF TIIE TOWNS WHICH HAVE BEEN SET OFF FROM "HE T ORIGINAL SIX." fillustrateb 6 n .fffttn NEW H AVEN: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HITCHCOCK & STAFFORD. 1838. ENTERED, A ccording to Act of Congress, in the year 1838, BY E DWARD R. LAMBERT, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Connecticut. PREFACE. AUTHENTIC h istory is of high importance. It exhibits the juris prudence, science, morals, and religion of nations, and while it •warns to shun their errors, holds forth their virtues for imitation in bold relief. But where is the history more interesting and important than that of our own, "our much loved native land," that abounds in incidents more romantic, or narrative more thrilling? Buta little more than two centuries have elapsed since the first band of the " Puritan Fathers" left their native home, crossed the wild Atlantic, landed on the snow-clad rock of Plymouth, and laid the first foundation stone of New England. Within this period a change has here taken place, and in our common counfry unparalleled in the history of mankind. A great and powerful nation has arisen. The desert has been made " to bud and blossom as the rose." And •what but the sword of civil discord can arrest the giant march of improvement, (yet advancing with accelerating rapidity,) till " the noblest empire iu the reign of time" shall extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific wave. In what has thus far been done in building up our republic, the " Old Colony of New Haven" has full well performed her part. She was one of the first that conceived, and that first practically exemplified the principle, that theviiUoftte majority oj the people shall govern : a principle which resulted in our national independence, which bids fair to sap the throne of despot ism, and to regenerate the world. She furnished her " full quota of men and money," when the chariot of war was driven over the land, and nations were engaged in murderous strife. She has sent forth her proportion of emigrants to settle distant parts of our re public, ana her sons may be found throughout the length and breadth of the land. To g ive a particular history of this colony, and to rescue many important and highly interesting facts connected with more general history, which have never before been given to the public, is the object of the following pages. Should it be thought by any, that things too minute are inserted, let such consider, that whatever is found on our early records relating to the settlement of the country is important to the historian, as it helps to a knowledge of the prim itive character, and that many things which now appear of little value, may hereafter be deemed of much importance. In fact, every thing relating to the history of the colonization of New England is worthy of preservation. No t rouble has been spared in collecting materials ; every page of twenty folio volumes of Milford records have been carefully ex amined, as also the old colony records, the town and proprietors' records of New Haven; and besides, the state records at Hartford, and the town records of Guilford, Branford, Stamford, and Southold, have been more or less read in reference to this object. For the account of Guilford, the author is principally indebted to the man uscript history of that town, written in 1769, by Mr. Thomas Ruggles. The author returns his grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have assisted him in his researches, or in any way contributed information, and especially to William Lyoii, Esq., and Mr. John W. Barber, of New Haven, for the loan of rare works and manuscripts. The following is a list of the principal authors made use of, in preparing this work, viz. : Neal's History of New 4 P REFACE. England; P rince's Annals; Trumbull's History of Connecticnt; Barber's Historical Collections of Connecticut, and History ana Antiquities of New Haven ; Holme's Annals of America ; Wood's History of Long Island; Webster's Letters; Stiles' History of the Regicides ; and Mather's Magnalia. Respecting t he chronology of this work, all dates of the month previous to the 14th of September, 1752, are old style, and all after, are new style. The year, however, between the 1st of January and the 25th of March, (before the adoption of new style,) is uniformly treated where a double date is not given, as new style. As a brief explanation of the cause of the difference of style, the following is inserted : " When the computation by the Christian era was introdu ced, the commence*ment of the year was fixed on the day of the annun ciation, or incarnation of Christ, which event (the nativity being fixed Dec. 25th) was placed on the. 25th of March. This continued the commencement of the year in England and her dominions till the alteration of the style, in 1752, when, by an act of parliament, it was enacted that eleven days should be struck out of the month of September, and that the 3d should be dated the 14th, and one day added to February every fourth year, to conform their chronology to that of the other nations of Europe, (who had introduced a simi lar alteration previously, in order to correct the error arising from the procession of the equinoxes;) and that the year should com mence on the 1st of January, instead oi'the 25th of March. Before that time, to preserve a correspondency of dates with those of other nations, it had been usual to give a double date from the 1st of Jan uary to the 25th of March ; thus February the 12th, 1721, was written "ffebruaryye 12th, 17| :" the omission of the lower number would cause an error of a year. Anachronisms in American history have thus been occasioned by the inattention of historians to this circum stance attending the old style. It is believed, however, that all dates in this work are correct. Concerning the extracts from the early records, inserted in this work, the author would observe, that the orthography and style of composition has been carefully retained, believing it would detract from the interest of a respective subject, if dressed in modern style. The section, " Sketch of Olden Times," it is believed will be to the reader a source of amusement, if not of instruction. It is the recital of the doings, and portrays the charac teristics, of bygone generations. By the perusal the imagination may hold communion with the departed spirits of antiquity. The l abor in collecting materials has been very great, and any thing like a fair remuneration is not expected. The stimulus is solely con amore, a desire to have the facts in convenient form for reference. And if this example should induce others, "of kindred feelings and adequate industry," to make similar collections of local history of other sections of the country, the hopes of the author will be yet more fully accomplished. The learned Timothy Dwight, late President of Yale College, recommended every town in the state to publish its history, and although this has been effected in part by Mr. John W. Barber, in his Historical Collections, yet much more should be done. We do not claim perfection for this work, and if our readers discover any inaccuracies, they will remember that errore humanum est. January 1 st, 1838. LISTF O ENGRAVINGS. Mapf o New Haven and vicinity, ... i Seal of Connecticut, ...... l South v iew of New Haven and Fort Hale, 40 Signature o f Governor Eaton, &c., - - - - 43 Indian m arks, Momanguiu's and others, 45 Indian m arks, Montowese, &c., - - - - 46 Southwest v iew of Qov. Eaton's house, 52 Planf o the city of New Haven, - - - - 53 Southeast v iew of Yale College, 63 Viewf o the first College, 65 Sealf o Yale College, 66 Signature o f Gov. Winthrop, - - --- 75 East v iew of the Public Square in New Haven, - - 79 Eastern v iew of Trinity Church, New Haven, - - 79 Viewf o Connecticut State Hospital, 82 South v iew of Fair Haven, (western part,) - - - 83 West v iew of East Haven, 84 Indian m arks, Ansantaway and others, - - - 86 Indian m arks, Toutonomac, &c., 87 Milford t own seal, - - - - - -92 Planf o the town of Milford, 93 Ground p lan of the first meeting-house, - 104 South v iew of the first meeting-house, - 104 South v iew of Congregational Churches, - - - 106 South v iew of the Episcopal Church and Town House, - 115 Signature o f Gov. Saltonstall, -- - - - 124 Southwest v iew of Gov. Treat's house, ... 138 Gov. T reat's signature, -- - - - - 138 Southeast v iew of Gov. Law's house, - 140 1* 6 L IST OF ENGEAVINGS. Gov. L aw's signature, - -- - - - 140 East v iew of Poconoc, or Milford Point, ... 146 South v iew of New Milford, --- - - 153 Indian m arks, and sketch of Wiantinoqne purchase, - 153 Southern v iew of Guilford, - - -- - 160 Signature o f Gov. Leete, - .... 168 Viewf o Gov. Leete's house, 168 Ancient h ouse at Guilford, ----- 169 West v iew of Branford, ---- - 172 Southwest v iew of Stamford, .... 175 fView o Southold, - 180 Cochran's h otel and Universalist Church, - 185 Fac-simile o f a Bay shilling, ..