Politicians.Indd 1 25/04/15 17:32

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Confucius Sun Tzu Socrates Plato Aristotle Xenophon Alexander the Great Chanakya Han Fei Cicero Julius Caesar Augustus Marcus Aurelius Constantine the Great

551-479 BC 544-496 BC 469-399 BC 427-347 BC 384-322 BC 430-354 BC 356-323 BC 370-283 BC 280-233 BC 106-43 BC 100-44 BC 63 BC – 14 121-180 272-337 Analects The Art of War Analects Politeia (ca. 380 BC) Politics (ca. 345-325 BC) Hiero (474 BC) Arthashastra Han Feizi De re publica (51 BC) Bellum Civile (47 BC) Res Gestae (14) Meditations (170-180) CONFUCIANISM TAOISM RATIONALISM DEMOCRACY HELLENISM (Science of Politics) LEGALISM REPUBLICANISM CAESARISM PRINCIPATE STOICISM STATE CHURCH

ANCIENT POLITICAL THOUGHT CITY STATES AND REPUBLICS 800BC300AD

Augustine of Hippo Thomas Aquinas Al-Farabi Al-Mawardi Avicenna (Ibn-Sina) Averroës Ibn Khaldun John of Salisbury Barons of King John Giles of Rome Dante Marsilius of Padua William of Ockham Nicholas of Kues

354-430 1225-1274 872-950 972-1058 980-1037 1126-1198 1332-1406 1120-1180 1166-1216 1243-1316 1265-1321 1275-1342 1280-1347 1401-1464 De civitate Dei (413-427) De regimine principum The Virtuous City The Ordinances of Sufﬁcientia (1027) Commentaries on Aristotle Muqaddimah (1377) Policraticus (1159) Magna Charta (1215) De regimine principum De monarchia (1312-1313) Defensor pacis (1324) Dialogus (1332) De pace ﬁdei (1653) (1265/66) Government PARLIAMENTARISM (1277-1279) SECULARISM STATE CHURCH NATURAL LAW CONSTITUTIONALISM EARLY CHRISTIAN POLITICAL ARABIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY CONCILIAR THEORY PHILOSOPHY MEDIEVAL POLITICS – HEAVENLY MANDATES (300-1500)

Niccolò Machiavelli Jean Bodin Thomas Hobbes Martin Luther John Calvin Sepúlveda Francisco de Vitoria Bartolomé de las Casas Francisco Suárez Alberico Gentili Hugo Grotius Michel de Montaigne Johannes Althusius Baltasar Gracián

1469-1527 1530-1596 1588-1679 1483-1546 1509-1564 1490-1573 1483-1546 1484-1566 1548-1617 1552-1608 1583-1645 1533-1592 1557-1638 1601-1658 Il principe (1513) Les Six livres de la Leviathan (1651) On Secular Authority (1523) Institutes of the Christian On the American Indians Historia de Las Indias Disputationes (1597) De Jure Belli ac Pacis Essays (1580) Politica (1603) The Art of Worldly Wisdom STATECRAFT République (1576) Religion (1536) (1532) (1561) (1625) SKEPTICISM FEDERALISM (1647) STATECRAFT ABSOLUTISM REFORMATION THE SCHOOL OF SALAMANCA INTERNATIONAL LAW EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN POLITICAL THOUGHT – THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOVEREIGN STATE (1500-1650)

René Descartes John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Samuel von Pufendorf Benedict de Spinoza Montesquieu Voltaire David Hume Adam Smith Marquis de Condorcet Benjamin Franklin George Mason Thomas Paine Thomas Jefferson

1596-1650 1632-1704 1712-1778 1632-1694 1632-1677 1689-1755 1694-1778 1711-1776 1723-1790 1743-1794 1706-1790 1725-1792 1737-1809 1743-1826 Two Treatises of Government Du contrat social (1762) On the Duty of Man and Theologico-Political Treatise De l’esprit des lois (1748) Candide (1759) Essays, Moral, Political, and The Wealth of Nations Tableau historique des United States Constitution United States Bill of Rights Common Sense (1776) Declaration of Independence (1689) Citizen (1682) (1670) SEPARATION OF POWERS Literary (1741-1777) (1776) progrès de l’esprit humain (1787) (1789) (1776) NATURAL LAW RATIONALISM POLITICAL ECONOMY (1794) SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY – FROM SUBJECT TO CITIZEN (1650-1800)

Immanuel Kant Johann Gottlieb Fichte Georg Hegel Edmund Burke Johann Gottfried Herder James Madison Mary Wollstonecraft Carl von Clausewitz Napoleon Bonaprte Simón Bolívar José María Luis Mora Jeremy Bentham Henri de Saint-Simon Auguste Comte

1724-1804 1762-1814 1770-1831 1729-1797 Ideas for the Philosophy of 1751-1836 1759-1797 1780-1831 1769-1821 1783-1830 1794-1850 1748-1832 1760-1825 1798-1857 Perpetual Peace (1795) The Closed Commercial Elements of the Philosophy Reﬂections on the French History of Humanity United States Constitution A Vindication of the Rights On War (1832) Code Napoléon (1804) Bolivian Constitution (1826) Mexican Constitution (1824) Principles of Morals and La politique (1818) Système de PERSONAL State (1800) of Right (1821) Revolution (1790) (1784–91) (1787) of Woman (1792) DIPLOMACY AND WAR Legislation (1789) UTOPIAN SOCIALISM politique positive (1851-54) RESPONSIBILITY CONSERVATISM ROMANTIC NATIONALISM WOMEN’S RIGHTS UTILITARIANISM POSITIVISM GERMAN IDEALISM DEMOCRACY LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT THE AGE OF IDEOLOGIES (1800-1848)

Alexis de Tocqueville John Stuart Mill Walter Bagehot William Godwin Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Mikhail Bakunin Karl Marx Friedrich Nietzsche Sigmund Freud Theodor Herzl Georges Sorel José Martí Vladimir Lenin Rosa Luxemburg

1805-1859 1806-1873 1826-1877 1756-1836 1809-1865 1814-1876 1818-1883 1844-1900 1856-1939 1860-1904 1847-1922 1853-1895 1870-1924 1871-1919 Democracy in America On Liberty (1859) Lombard Street (1873) An Enquiry Concerning What is Property? (1840) Statism and Anarchy (1873) Capital: Critique of On the Genealogy of Morality Civilization and its The Jewish State (1896) Reﬂections on Violence Nuestra América (1891) The State and Revolution The Accumulation of Capital (1835/1840) Political Justice (1793) Political Economy (1887) Discontents (1929) ZIONISM (1908) ANTI-IMPERIALISM (1918) (1913) (1867/1885/1894) NIHILISM GROUP PSYCHOLOGY SYNDICALISM LENINISM REVOLUTIONARY EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY LIBERALISM ANARCHISM COMMUNISM SOCIALISM INDUSTRIALIZATION AND REVOLUTIONARY THOUGHTS – POLITICAL PARTIES AND MASS DEMOCRACY(1848-1914)

Max Weber Beatrice Webb Mahatma Gandhi Winston Churchill Giovanni Gentile Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky Emiliano Zapata Mustafa Kemal Atatürk José Ortega y Gasset Carl Schmitt Reinhold Niebuhr Jomo Kenyatta Antonio Gramsci

1864-1920 1848-1943 1869-1948 1874-1965 1875-1944 1878-1953 1879-1940 1879-1919 1881-1938 1883-1955 1888-1985 1892-1971 1893-1978 1891-1937 Politics as a Vocation (1919) The History of Trade The Story of my Experiments The World Crisis (1923-31) The Philosophy of Fascism The Principle of Leninism History of the Russian Plan of Ayala (1911) Turkish Constituion (1924) The Revolt of the Masses The Concept of the Political Moral Man and Immoral Facing Mount Kenya (1938) Prison Notebooks SOCIOLOGY Unionism (1920) with Truth (1929) NON-APPEASEMENT (1928) (1924) Revolution (1930) LAND REFORM KEMALIST NATIONALISM (1930) (1927) Society (1932) POST-COLONIALISM (1929-1935) SOCIALISM NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE FASCISM STATE SOCIALISM COMMUNISM PRAGMATISM EXTRAJUDICIAL POWER CHRISTIAN REALISM BREAKDOWN, UNCERTAINTY AND TOTALITARIANISM (1914-1945)

Mao Zedong Leo Strauss Friedrich Hayek Michael Oakeshott Theodor W. Adorno Ayn Rand Hannah Arendt Nelson Mandela John Rawls Michel Foucault Che Guevara Michael Walzer Robert Nozick Mikhail Gorbachev

1893-1976 1899-1973 1899-1992 1901-1990 1903-1969 1905-1982 1906-1975 1918-2013 1921-2002 1926-1984 1928-1967 1935-living 1938-2002 1931-living Little Red Book (1964) Natural Right and History The Constitution of Liberty On Human Conduct (1975) Dialectic of Enlightenment Atlas Shrugged (1957) The Origins of Long Walk to Freedom A Theory of Justice (1971) Discipline and Punish Guerilla Warfare (1961) Spheres of Justice (1983) Anarchy, State and Memoirs (1996) MARXISM-LENINISM (1953) (1960) CONSERVATISM (1947) OBJECTIVISM Totalitarianism (1951) (1994) SOCIAL JUSTICE (1975) REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNITARIANISM Utopia (1974) PERESTROIKA NEOLIBERALISM ANTI-TOTALITARIANISM RACIAL EQUALITY STRUCTURALISM SOCIALISM LIBERALISM (RESTRUCTURING) POSTWAR POLITICS (1945-PRESENT)

Politicians.indd 1 25/04/15 17:32