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La Représentation Des Bateaux En Europe Entre Le Viiiè Et Le Xiiiè Siècle

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La Représentation Des Bateaux En Europe Entre Le Viiiè Et Le Xiiiè Siècle La repr´esentation des bateaux en Europe entre le VIII`e et le XIII`esi`ecle. Barbara Auger To cite this version: Barbara Auger. La repr´esentation des bateaux en Europe entre le VIII`eet le XIII`esi`ecle.. Art et histoire de l'art. Universit´ede Grenoble, 2011. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2011GRENL004>. <tel-00665915> HAL Id: tel-00665915 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665915 Submitted on 3 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : LLSH/Lettres et arts/Recherches sur l’imaginaire Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Barbara Auger Thèse dirigée par Philippe Walter préparée au sein du Centre de Recherche sur l’Imaginaire dans l'École Doctorale Langues, littératures et sciences humaines La représentation des bateaux En Europe du nord-ouest Entre le VIIIème et le XIIIème siècle Thèse soutenue publiquement le 7 octobre 2011, devant le jury composé de : M. Claude LECOUTEUX Professeur à l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne IV. Président et Rapporteur. M. Philippe WALTER Professeur à l’Université Stendhal, Grenoble. Membre. M. Jean Marie MAILLEFER Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sorbonne IV. Rapporteur. A ma mère et ma grand-mère TABLE DES MATIERES INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................6 PARTIE I / VERBALISATION ............................................................................................................... 10 CHAPITRE 1ER : LE BATEAU, OBJET NAVIGUANT ......................................................................................... 12 I / DEFINITION DU BATEAU A PARTIR DES NOMS COMMUNS ............................................................................ 13 A / Le bateau comme objet signifié ................................................................................................... 13 1 / Les termes génériques ................................................................................................................. 13 2 / Les navires de guerre ................................................................................................................... 15 3 / Les navires marchands ................................................................................................................. 19 B / Les parties constitutives du bateau .............................................................................................. 23 1 / Coque et charpente : la forme ..................................................................................................... 24 2 / Gréement et fonctionnement ...................................................................................................... 28 II / CONCEPTUALISATION LITTERAIRE ......................................................................................................... 32 A / Métaphores de scalde ................................................................................................................. 32 1 / Bateaux et matériaux ................................................................................................................... 33 2 / Bateaux animalisés ...................................................................................................................... 34 3 / La voile et le char ......................................................................................................................... 36 B / Les noms propres des bateaux ..................................................................................................... 38 1 / Les noms des bateaux dans les chroniques .................................................................................. 38 2 / Les noms de navires littéraires ..................................................................................................... 39 CHAPITRE 2EME : LA NAVIGATION ........................................................................................................... 42 I / DEFINITION DU CADRE SPATIAL ............................................................................................................. 43 A / L’espace liquide ........................................................................................................................... 43 B / Espaces costaux ........................................................................................................................... 46 II / ACTIVITES MARITIMES ....................................................................................................................... 54 A / Etre viking ................................................................................................................................... 54 B / Le commerce ............................................................................................................................... 59 III / L’ART DE NAVIGUER ......................................................................................................................... 64 A / L’équipage ................................................................................................................................... 64 B / Conditions et phénomènes .......................................................................................................... 65 C / Le rapport à la mort ..................................................................................................................... 71 PARTIE II / ICONICITÉ ....................................................................................................................... 74 CHAPITRE 1ER : PRODUCTIONS SCANDINAVES ........................................................................................... 76 I / PRODUCTIONS SUEDOISES ................................................................................................................... 79 A / Des sépultures de pierre .............................................................................................................. 79 1 / Particularité de l’île de Gotland .................................................................................................... 79 2 / Différences typologiques en Suède continentale .......................................................................... 81 B / Le navire, base de la structure iconographique ............................................................................ 83 1 / Un tracé stylisé ............................................................................................................................ 83 2 / Identification des motifs iconographiques ................................................................................... 84 3 / Ragnarök : une iconographie eschatologique ............................................................................... 85 4 / Des ailes, des boissons, des anneaux ........................................................................................... 87 C / Essai de typologie des navires ...................................................................................................... 90 D / Définition d‟une iconographie funéraire païenne .......................................................................... 94 1 / Identification et rôle du cavalier .................................................................................................. 94 2 / Statut et signification du bateau .................................................................................................. 98 E / Redéfinition de l’image du bateau en périodes syncrétiques ...................................................... 100 1 / Un nouveau rapport à l’individu ................................................................................................. 100 2 / Appropriation des images païennes ........................................................................................... 102 3 / Territorialisation du culte........................................................................................................... 103 II / PRODUCTIONS NORVEGIENNES .......................................................................................................... 105 A / Le graffiti comme particularité de style...................................................................................... 105 1 / Contenu du corpus .................................................................................................................... 105 2 / Eléments disparates et problèmes d’identification iconographique ........................................... 107 3 / Typologie d’une schématisation ................................................................................................. 108 B / Définition d’un style d’images publiques.................................................................................... 110 C / Définition d’images prophylactiques .......................................................................................... 111 1 / Le rôle de l’étrave
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