11111 New Series Vol. XL V No. 8 • Whole Series Vol. LXXV No. 5 • May 1985

FEATURES 8 Property Rights-Next Frontier for the Missional Priority? Robert J. Harmon 1 2 Churches Confront a New Wave of Repression in Chile Tracy Ea rl y 1 6 For Runaways a Promise M . Garlinda Burton 18 Angola Methodists Celebrate a Hundred Years Ralph E. Dodge 22 Episcopal Profile: Emilio J. M. de Carvalho Ralph E. Dodge 24 Afghanistan, Inside and Out Photographs by Kenn eth Si lve rman 29 In Mexico, It's Club Met Nelson A. Navarro 32 Kampuchea Today-A Visit with Kong Sam 01 Franklin P. Sm ith 34 An Iowa lngathering Means Sharing Deborah Simon COLUMN 3 7 Viewpoint Creighton Lacy DEPARTMENTS 3 Mission Memo 7 Editorials 38 Books 42 letters 44 Q and A About Missions Donald E. Struchen

Editorial Offices Administrative Assistant Director Promotion Columnists: Advertising Representative: 475 Riverside Drive, Florence J. Mitchell and Utilization New York, N. Y.10115 Elizabeth Marchant James M. Ault Allan E. Shubert Company, Art Director Leontine T. C. Kelly 198 Allendale Road, King of Editor Roger C. Sadler Contributing Editors: Creighton Lacy Prussia, PA 19406 Arthur J. Moore Charles E. Brewster Donald E. Struchen (215/265-0648) Executive Editor Chief Photographer Doris Franklin (India) George M. Daniels John C. Goodwin Winston H. Taylor

Publ ished Monthly (bimonthly, July-August, Reading Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237. With Photo Credits: Pp. 9, 10, John C. Goodwin ; P. November-December) by the General Board your new address be sure to send also the old 11 , Archie Ham il ton ; Pp. 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, of Global Mi nistries of the Un ited Methodist address, enclosing if possible an address label 25 , 26, 27, 28, Ken neth Silverman; Pp. 16, 17, Chu rc h, Mission Education and Cultivation from a recent copy. A request for change of Lovers Lane UMC ; Pp. 19, 20 (Howard Program Department. (ISSN -0043-8812) add ress must reach us at least thirty days Brinton ), 21 (top, Charles E. Brewster), 21 (left Second-class Ma il Pr ivileges Authorized at before the date of issue with which it is to take below, Howa rd Brinton ), GBGM ; P. 21 (right New York, N.Y. Additional Entry at Nashville, effect. below), R S; P. 23 , Charles Lerr igo ; Pp. 29, Tennessee. Co pyright 1985 by General Board 30, 31 , elson A. ava rro ; Pp. 32, 33, of Global Mi nistries of The Un ited Methodist POSTMASTER: Send address changes directly Frank li n Sm ith; Pp. 34, 35 , 36, Deborah Church. No part of New World Outlook may to Ne w World Outlook, Service Center, 7820 Simon. be reproduced in any form without written Reading Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237. permission from Editors. Printed in U.S.A. COVER : Mu jahdin Guerri ll a Commander Pray­ New World Outlook editorials and unsigned Subsc riptions in the United States and Pos­ ing to Mecca, Paktia Province, Afghan istan articles reflect the views of the editors and sessions: One year $7.00 (combination with Kenneth Silve rman Photograph si gned articles the views of the authors only. Response, $13.00). Single copies $1.00. All Report any change of address directl y to foreign countries: One year $8.00 (combina­ Magazine Circulation, Service Center, 7820 tion $15.00). MISSION NERO News and Analysis of Developments in Christian Mission

May 1985

Economic Pressure. At its spring executive meeting in New York, April 15-19, the General Board of Global Ministries adopted a string of hard-hitting resolutions on South Africa, Nicaragua, the farm crisis and California table grapes. Backing up a vow to use economic pressure to achieve their social goals, the board's 178 directors (policy makers) agreed to ask selected U.S. corporations to ma ke a public statement to the South African government demanding the dismantling of aparthei d. If South Africa refuses, the board wants the companies to begin a withdrawal of funds. However, if corporations balk at making such a statement by September 25, then the board has agreed to dispose of its interest in these corporations. The resolution also calls for a churchwide plan of action on current and future investments in companies doing business in South Africa, supports the Anti-Apartheid Act of 1985 sponsored by Rep. William Gray (D-Pa.) and Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.), and calls for stopping the purchase, sale and promotion of the Krugerrand gold coin, long regarded by many as a symbol of South Africa's apartheid system. The Nicaragua resolution called on BGM directors and staff to notify their Congresspersons immediately of their opposition to U.S. aid to the 11 contras 11 fighting to overthrow the Nicaragua gove r nment and to support efforts to demilitarize the Central American region .•.• The resolution on the rural farm crisis cal led on church-related agencies to deposit funds in ru ral ban ks that wil l reinvest in communities experiencing economic depression .•.• It was only after three Hispanic BGM board members reported the living and working conditions of Hispanic farmworkers in California had not improved that the board agreed to boycott non-union harvested table grapes from California until at least 60 percent of the grapes are harvested by workers protected by a United Farm Workers contr act. Three directors opposed the motion, two abstained. Sanctuary Movement. The United Methodist Church's chief social action agency has given formal support to a planned federal court action in behalf of the sanctuary movement for Central American refugees in the United States. At their late Ma r ch meeting in Washington D.C., the Board of Church and Society's 94 clergy and lay directors voted to join other religious and social concern groups led by the Center for Constitutional Rights in seeking injunctions to bar federal prosecution of persons affiliated with the sanctuary movement and to prevent the arrest and deportation of Salvadoran and Guatemalan refugees presently res iding in the country. A parallel court action seeks a declaratory judgment stating that persons fleeing Guatemala and El Salvador for human rights reasons are enti tl ed t o temporary refuge in the United States. Earlier, some 200 mini sters , priest and rabbis, including at least seven United Methodist bishops, signed a petiti on addressed to the U.S. House of Representatives' Judiciary subcommittee on ci vi l and constitutional rights asking for an investigation of federal infiltration of the sanctuary movement and of the subsequent arrests and deportations that have taken pl ace in the last few months. At a press conference, a number of church leaders gave accounts of federal harassment of the sanctuary movement that they said were not only illegal but which also clearly violated religious freedom. "You've heard of t he i nfiltration of the work in Arizona," said UM Bishop Joseph H. Yeakel of the Was hi ngton Area. "Government agents did infiltrate a church meeting, wearing body mi crophones. They attended prayer groups and Bible studies." At its spring execut i ve meeting the General Board of Global Ministries passed a resolution on sanctuary after an impassioned speech by Peggy Hutchison, Tucson, Arizona, a board membe r among 16 persons indicted for assisting undocumented refugees. Africa Hunger. Since last November, United Methodists have contributed more than $12 million to help reverse the tragic hunger and socio-economic problems in Africa. Officials of the United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR) said that the fund will be used both for immediate crisis relief as well as for long-range farming and development programs in Ethiopia and other countries in Africa and the Th i rd World. Under the agency's Africa Rural Transformation Program, 70 percent of the fund wi ll be spent on longer-term development such as land care, water resource development, agr icultural production, nutrition education and primary health care. The remaining 30 percent will be used for famine relief. "If we want to stop hunger, " said Ms. Pearline Johnson, an UMCOR board director from Liberia, "we must train persons · to help themselves and their people. The situation in Africa didn't just happen overnight. Missionaries worked there, giving people food and spiritual teachings but did not teach them to grow their own food. 11 Method i st Centennials. Angolan, Korean and Singaporean Methodists recently marked the IOOth anniversaries of Methodism in their respective countries with appropriate rounds of pageantry, drama and general rejoicing. During the March 14-18 celebrations in Luanda, the 85,000-member United Methodist Church of Angola staged a who le day tribute to women, a historical drama attended by 7,000 persons and a Sunday mo rning festival that drew a huge crowd of 14,000 persons. "It was a jubilant and exhilarating celebration," said the Rev. Isaac Bivens, head of the Wor ld Division's Africa Team who headed a U.S. delegation to Angola. "By comparison it made our Bicentennial last year look rather pitiful." Halfway around the world, the autonomous Korean Met hodist Church had every reason to toast itself for attain ing i ts goal of one million members at the time of its lOOth birthday last Apr i 1 5. In its centennial statement, the church expressed its "longing for uni f ication of the nation in any form possible through peaceful means in the earl iest possible time. 11 More than 3,000 persons gathered in the Inchon Gymnasium in Inchon for a worship-service-rally lecture. A delegation of church officials f rom t he United States included Bishop Roy I. Sano, president of the World Divi sion, Ms. Peggy Billings, associate general secretary of the World Division, an d Ms . Patricia Patterson of the division's Asia/Pacific Team. One anniversary side li ght was the brief detention of Ms. Billings for two and a half hours upon her arrival at Seoul's Kimpo airport. She later paid a courtesy visit to Korean oppo s it i on leader Kim Dae Jung, who returned to Korea last Feb. 8 after a two-year exile in t he Uni ted States. Singapore Methodists, on the other hand, treated themsel ve s to a two-week celebration that featured such activities as a thanksgiving ser vice and dinner for 2,000 persons and a scholars' consultation with delegates f rom 10 Asi an countries. Newly installed Bishop Ho Chee Sin, 49, who succeeded retiri ng Bi shop Kao Jih Chung last December, presided at the service. Begun as an out po st of the South India Annual Conference, the 17,117-member Methodist Church in Si ngapore today runs 33 churches in three conferences and operates 10 schools with 14,371 students, a third of whom are Christians. The Rev . Jiro Mizuno, World Division associate general secretary for Asia/Pacific, was among the guests at the Feb. 23-March 9 gathering, which was described as the largest gathering of Asian Methodists since a 1963 consultation in neighboring Malaysia. Broadcast Media. A top communications expert of the National Council of Churches recently urged church members to engage in direct social and political action to "fight against the mi~use of communication to dehumanize people." In his keynote speech before the UM General Commission on Communication in Nashville, the Rev. William F. Fore of the NCC's Communication Commission warned that public accountability of the broadcast media in the United States was "waning" in the aftermath of deregulation at the same time that communications on a worldwide basi s is being used as a "mechanism for disinformation, misinformation, thought control, propaganda, cultural domination, consolidation and maintenance of power and resistance to change." He said the serious threats to freedom of communication now exist in both the deveJoped and the developing world, with the control of the med i a falling into fewer a~d fewer hands. Apart from direct social action, Or. Fore urged the churches l) to produce their own committed radio and television programs, 2) to retain relationships with the communication industry but to maintain a "critical distance" while serving as partners with creative people in mass media, 3) to ensure open and honest communication systems within the church, and 4) to educate the public concerning the effects of mass media. Million Dollar Gift. Yale Divinity School has just received a $1 million gift from John Edward and Ruth Lantz of Atlanta. The Lantzes, who met on a blind date while students at Yale a half century ago, are endowing a professorial chair in Christian communications "to foster more effective communication of the Christian gospel." Officials at Yale said the professor funded by the Lantz gift will help min i sters relate their message on television and to write religious articles fo r newspapers and general circulation magazines. A 1938 graduate of the school, the Rev. Lantz is a retired United Methodist minister. Tax Reform. Proposed federal tax reforms are going to adversely affect charitable giving to church-related schools, colleges and other institutions, according to t he UM Board of Higher Education and Ministry. Division officials, meeting in San Antonio, Texas, last March, urged "strong support" for existing tax rules on deduction for philanthrophic giving to counter what they described as a "changi ng mood" in the country toward higher education. "The mood of this country is to withdraw significantly from funding higher education," said the Rev. F. Thomas Trotter, the board's chief executive. He said that attacks on charitable giving an d social programs reduced by the federal budget cuts have very negative consequences for ethnic minority persons, for whom the United Methodist Church has made a commitment for empowerment. Pension Fund. The UM General Board of Pensions has provided an additional $4 5 million this year to annual conferences, pastors and lay em~loyees covered by i t s pension plan. This is the seventh consecutive year that the boa rd ha s voted to distribute pension benefits above the base 6.5 percent annual interest to its conference and individual accounts. The 1985 bonus brings up the annual interest payment to 10 percent. Last year, the board's $1.7 billion investments brought an increase in net assets of $151 million. World Peace Conference. Some 400 delegates from all over the world will converge in London in July 1986 for a worldwide peace conference sponsored by the World Methodist Council. Among the delegates to the w~ek-long gathering initiated by the council •s Social and International Affairs and Evangelism committees will be a delegation from the People's Republic of China, which will be sponsored by the UM General Board of Global Ministries to ensure a broader base of representation. Four delegates from Eastern Europe, including two Russians, have already registered for the conference. Speakers will include Sir Alan Walker of Australia and Lord Donald Soper who will preach at a Sunday afternoon witness for peace at the site of the Aldersgate Memorial. Sessions will be held at Wesley's Chapel on City Road and at the nearby City University. Registrations and inquiries will be handled through the UM General Council on Ministries office in Dayton, Ohio. Building Loans. Fourteen UM churches across the country have been granted loans totalling $2.12 million to finance construction of church buildings and major improvements of existing facilities. Two Korean churches--the New York Korean UMC of Hempstead, New York, and the St. John's Korean UMC of Lexington, Massachusetts--were among the recipients of the low-interest loans from the United Methodist Development Fund (UMDF). Founded in 1969 for the sole purpose of making first mortgage loans to UMC' churches, UMDF presently has a total of 320 outstanding loans. Pornography. A national United Methodist conference on pornography, violence and Christian values will be held in Wilmore, Kentucky, in late August this year. Co-sponsors include the denomination's Good News caucus, the National Federation b for Decency, United Methodist Communications and Asbury College, which will be e hosting the August 23-24 event. Missionary Injured. Lorraine Enright, United Methodist missionary in Zaire, was seriously inJured and an African was killed when the plane in which they were riding made a forced landing at Luena, North Shaba Province, Zaire, recently. According to the World Program Division of the General Board of Global Ministries, Kenneth Enright, Mrs. En ri ght's husband, was piloting the twin-engine plane when one engine went out. Mrs. Enright's collarbone was broken in two places and she suffered a fractured pelvis, which will disable her for about two months. Mr. Enright received only minor cuts. The man killed, whose last name was Mbuya, worked for the Enright' s son, John. An unidentified African pastor, also a passenger, escaped unhurt.

Deaths. Four retired missionaries have died in recent weeks. Mrs. Lela G. Bowman, 87, died March 17. She had served 15 years in Sierra Leone. The Rev. Halsey E. Dewey, died March 9. Mr. Dewey, 90, had served in India for 43 years. Fred J. Kellar, who had served in Northern Africa for 26 years, died March 4 at the age of 96. Or. Charles P.M. Sheffey, a missionary in South Zaire for nearly 19 years, died March 8. He was 90 •.•. 0r. Buford A. Dickinson, president of the Methodist Theological School in Ohio, died of cancer at Riverside Methodist Hospital in Columbus on March 22 .... The Rev. Perry H. Saito, a former member of BGM, died Febru ary 5 in Nina, Wisconsin. [Q EDITORIA~SOJ

APARTHEID UNDER SIEGE armed struggle provided their only only fighting a two-front disciplinary Since Angola and Mozambique hope for freedom. It was this same war with liberation theologians and achieved independence in 1975, fol­ event that some 4,000 blacks were uppity nuns but is taking a pot shot at lowed by Zimbabwe (formerly Rho­ commemorating near the southeast the late theologian Karl Rahner for desia) in 1979, world attention has coastal town of Uitenhage only this suggesting that Christian unity could focused increasingly on South Africa, past March 21 when police again be based on the Bible rather than the last bastion of legalized racism on opened fire, killing at least 19 people. Catholic teaching. So much for the the African continent. Revolution is stirring in South Africa Second Vatican Council. In an effort to stem international today. More than 300 people have It i 11 behooves Protestants to point criticism and to assuage the political been ki lled in the unrest in black out Ca tho I ic quarrels, while " I iberals" aspirations of the disfranchised black townships since Septem ber last year. and "conservatives" are casting majority, South Africa has made a few But anti-apartheid protests are not aspersions on each others' motives cosmetic adjustments to its harsh laws only taking place in South Africa. and commitment over such issues as governing the apartheid system (e.g. Demonstrations have spread to at least Nicaragua, sanctuary and President allowing some restaurants to serve all 20 American cities; so far, some 2,000 Reagan. Indeed, there are whole races , relaxing some employment re­ persons have beer arrested . Among organizations such as the Institute for strictions for blacks, etc.). Most re­ these were United Methodist bishops, Religion and Democracy which exist cently, the South African Government district superintendents, clergy and largely to badmouth the leadership of announced that it would abolish laws laity who marched in front of the South denominations. It is a regrettable fact forbidding marriage and sex across African Embassy in Washington, D.C. (but nevertheless a fact) that the terms racial lines. They wanted "to remind the govern­ " ecumenical" and " evangelical" The recommendation will do little ment of South Africa that we wil l have come to stand for opposing more than most of the other changes always be here to urge the freedom of camps in many parts of the world. made; it does nothing substantive to our brothers and sisters who languish One is reminded of a prayer in The address the absence of political and under the injustices of apartheid ." Book of Common Prayer of The basic human rights for blacks. A more Clearly apartheid is under siege, Episcopal Church in the service for effective measure would be for the both within South Africa and from Good Friday. It is the prayer "for al I government to abolish a much more without. It is also clear that abolishing who have not rece ived the Gospel of insidious law which is closer to the laws on mixed-race sex will do Christ" and includes the list we might heart of the system of apartheid. It is nothing to reform South Africa's racist expect of those who have never heard the law that requires blacks to carry system. Nor will anything other than the word of salvation, who have lost what they call the dam pas (stupid the total dismantling of apartheid be their faith, those hardened by sin or passbook), officially known as a " ref­ acceptable to that country's nonwhite indifference, the contemptuous and erence book." majority. scornful, and those who are enemies This reference book in some re­ of the cross of Christ and persecutors of spects resembles a passport. It con­ his disciples. But with a marvellous tains a miniature life history of the WAITI NG FOR PEN TECOST twist, it ends with a prayer " for those owner, who must have it on his or her Pentecost, which is observed this who in the name of Christ have person at all times. The book must be year on May 26, is popularly referred persecuted others, that God wi 11 open stamped by the appropriate (white) to as the "birthday of the church." This their hearts to the truth, and lead them officials giving approval for the person refers to the empowerment of the to faith and obedience." to travel, take up residence in any disciples by the Holy Spirit as de­ That, of course, is the rub. All of us area, seek and obtain employment, or scribed in the second chapter of the "who in the name of Christ have even to prove one's legal existence. To Book of Acts . Because of the descrip­ persecuted others" (or, at least, de­ be caught without the pass or the right tion of the disciples as being together spised them a little) are sure that we do stamp can bring imprisonment, fines "in one place" and because they so for the truth and in faith and and/or banishment from the area of speak in many languages, proponents obedience. Perhaps we should read residence or employment. of Christian unity have emphasized the story of Pentecost with its triumph­ The Sharpevi I le massacre and the Pentecost as a symbol of unity. ant sense of the power of the Holy demonstrations elsewhere on March And, boy, do we need one now. We Spirit together with a memory of what 21, 1960, arose out of protests against seem to be in a particularly disunited Paul said in Galatians about the fruits the pass laws . On that bloody day the state even for Christians whose pro­ of the Spirit-love, joy, peace, pa­ pol ice ki I led 69 nonviolent protesters fessed love for one another has been tience, kindness, goodness, fidelity, (many shot in the back) and wounded matched only by their mutual animosi­ gentleness, and self-control. Th at 25 7 others, most of them seriously. It ty and internecine fights throughout shower of spiritual gifts is indeed the was this event 25 years ago that the last two thousand years. Consider Pentecost we all long for; the true convinced many black leaders that an the current scene. The Vatican is not birthday of the church . PROPE:RTV RIGHT~ Next Frontier for the ffiissional Priority?

Robert J. Hormon

e must appreciate the Holy Church property is not private, but soon added to the rolls. An assistant Sl WTrinity of American Protes­ corporate. It is to serve the basic minister of the ancestry of the new 12 tantism, " advised a colleague of mine purpose of worship and nurture of the group was added to the staff. As the fr years ago, " to understand the worship local congregation, but must al so new population group became pre­ ir and work of the church," God the reflect the larger program interests of dominant they eventually inherited rr Creator-author of life and giver of the denomination as expressed in the ownership of the church building. providence-is adored in "Private Discipline and by an annual confer­ Much of today's population in­ rr Property"; God the Redeemer­ ence. crease can be attributed to immigra­ d whose saving work sets us free from tion. In the case of Hispanics, undoc­ n Program Priority and Property sin-is worshiped in " Hard Work"; umented immigrants may account for v God the Holy Spirit-who empowers Of late, the United Methodist as much of the increase as document­ the Christian community in its charita­ Church has sought to respond to ed persons . They remain protected in r ble acts of love and mission-is growing immigrant and resident racial the barrios of large cities and border a legitimated in " Majority Opinion". ethnic populations through a mi ssi on­ towns. With the lifting of immigration jl The value system of American so­ al priority on Strengthening the Ethnic quotas, more newcomers are arriving ti ciety penetrates and obfuscates the Minority Local Church. Most congre­ from Asian and Pacific Island coun­ g1 work of the church . Take the matter of gations address this priority through tries. Many are here to fol low econom­ h1 private property, for instance. The their apportionment budget process . ic and business interests. They are le United States is one of the few An increasing number of urban and soon dispersed widely across metro­ \( countries of the world in which the suburban congregations are facing the politan neighborhoods. SI right to private ownership of property issue more directly-through sharing To ease their accommodation to the c is protected by law. The American their church building with a newly new world and engender ethnic cul­ II dream includes owning a piece of forming congregation. tural esteem, they choose to maintain property for your very own. " Net Until recently, building sharing fellowship and worship in congrega­ worth" , especially the value of church generally occurred in urban commun­ tional groupings of their ancestries and property, is one of the primary mea­ ities undergoing major racial (and languages. They are recruited by an sures of strength for a local church. economic) transition . Aging churches organizing pastor who undertakes the The United Methodist Church has in city neighborhoods which had assignment at his/her own initiative. attempted something significant in served several generations of a ho­ They maintain a denominational church ownership policies to chal­ mogenous cultural group were over­ identity, usually one they are fam i I iar II lenges the prevailing norm. The Book whelmed by the impact of expanding with in their homeland. But they are II of Discipline requires a tru st clause racial ethnic groups. When language cautious when it comes to affiliating favoring the denomination in every was not a factor, a transitional ministry with a denomination or relating to one real estate deed held by a local occurred within one congregation . of its local churches. When seeking church . The local church holds its Programs aimed at the new groups out meeting places in churches of property in trust for the denomination. were promoted and members were denominations which enthu sia stically supported the mission in their home­ mortgage loans, paybacks, repairs, church meetings must be scheduled lands, they often find that gestures of maintenance, utilities, etc. Member­ late in the evenings. Many are held in friendship and welcome are couched ship recruitment has been done with a homes. in coldly calculated rental agree­ compulsive desire to share the costs "Hard work" as the corollary to ments. (financial) of being the church as well successful church development is mu­ Unlike North American Protestants, as the call to discipleship. People tually appreciated . But the sense of many of the immigrant congregations eminent domain fa lling arbitrarily to don't aspire to private property ow­ one congregation defies the principles nership. They are content with sharing of stewardship. The fruits of creation worship and program space with '' are to be enjoyed by all. The key to a another congregation . They are not Why con't congregotions just economics is an equitable mecha­ mesmerized by "prime time" 11 :00 of the some nism for sharing. In church economics a.m. worship services. They can ad­ as well as in the secular realm, such just to afternoon scheduling. What denominotionol heritoge has yet to be created . they can't appreciate is why congre­ hove common equity Fairness and Equity gations of the same denominational in locol church property? heritage can't have common equity in Fairness and equity are always at local church property. The notion of issue in lessor/lessee relationships. But lessor/lessee does not fit their under­ where does one go to find uniform standing of Christian community. It standards for determining the " fair challenges the spirit-if not the let­ '' market lease value" of church spac e? ter-of the Book of Discipline provi­ generally feel that they have a special There is no classification of church sion for property ownership. right to what they have worked so hard property values or uses to guide Works Righteousness­ to achieve. churches in determining " rents". A Domain over the Domiciled Like immigrant groups of an earlier strict constructionist approach to rent­ era, recent arrivals to this country have al agreements in a non-profit organ i­ Enter the second element of the bought into the concept of " hard zation would limit rental income to "Holy Trinity"-hard work. A higher work." The laboring members among true expenses incurred from the add i­ righteousness is attributed to the them take low-paying jobs, usually tional bu ilding use. On the contrary, "landed elite" of United Methodism. more than one, in order to make ends some new congregations get charged "We worked for what we have." And meet. Rather than face continuing whatever the " market" will bear. A work they did. Organizing a congre­ discrimination in the job market and growing ethnic minority congregation gation, meeting in homes, site pur­ within the professions, some go into may be treated I ike an y other tenant. If chase (frequently provided by the debt to relatives to start their own they can pay what Weight W atchers annual conference), raising pledges, businesses. Long hours are kept and pay, the building is theirs. Disc repan­ building design and construction , social hours are infrequent. Some cies in rents are an obvious poi nt w hen

New World Outlook • May 1985 [217) 9 renting congregations compare their emotional barriers to further trust and lease agreements. cooperation. Some congregations want to share The occasions for negotiations in­ '' their buildings with other churches, crease as the new congregation grows. We are about the but the economics of the situation will An item like a request to place a business of starting a not permit. The space available in signboard announcing the presence of their buildings was designed for the the new congregation can take on whole new history halcyon days of Protestant ministry in importance of a major foreign policy in our church the cities. Memberships were plentiful decision. "What will the neighbors development. as was the energy supply. Their large think when a sign board with foreign vacant rooms are unsuited to small but characters is posted on our church?" growing congregations. Without In most issues of conflict, majority major capital improvements host con­ opinion, i.e., prevailing cultural ma­ '' gregations can't consider rental or jority opinion, rules. The numerical shared use options. majority might well favor the immi­ In city or suburb, churches with grant congregations since member­ available space and an interested user ship growth is a key factor in its early apply the inherited cultural instinct of development. Ironically, the host capitalizing on the opportunity. Un­ congregation, which may not have fortunately, few churches can look confirmed or received by transfer any upon the mission potential in nurtur­ members in recent memory, considers ing a new community of faith . The it their duty to tutor the newcomers in economics of a small membership all manner of cultural etiquette. Like church focus upon survival. Annual overbearing parents, they advise ap­ income is not equal to expenses propriate behaviors for visiting as (including denominational apportion­ guests in a strange home. Few immi­ ments or the cost of a fu I I-ti me grant church leaders buy this ratio­ ministry). Besides, the presence of a nale, and most are offended by the growing immigrant church in the pedantic (and usually racist) overtones church building of a stable or declin­ to such admonishments. Ill ing established congregation is threa­ Sharing the Mission, then the Property a1 tening. Securing an additional source ja of funds is preeminent. Property sharing is here to stay . The th dynamic of population growth pres­ Encountering Majority Opinion ently experienced in this country will B More significant than the financial not dissipate in the nearfuture. In most ir costs are the human costs involved in urban areas, good stewardship of tf shared facilities . Countless hours can United Methodist-owned property re­ 5( be spent in negotiating hours of use, quires better utilization of idle church a1 (Above) Samoan worship service at responsibilities for building security, faci I ities before new construction can d1 Parker UMC, Oahu, Hawaii; maintenance items, etc. In the ab­ be justified. The mission and ministry le (Below) bulletin board at Parker sence of simultaneous translation, of The United Methodist Church must pr shows variety of services. communication barriers become be focused upon the special needs of immigrant and racial ethnic popula­ tion groups. It is imperative that the mission be affirmed . We seek to build new communities of faith . While naming ethnic minority ministries a Missional Priority, the church has yet to take true ownership of this mission opportunity. The reluctance may be explained away as xenophobia, resistance to to change or inability to cope with s ~ differences. But the projected annual dE influx of 450,000 new immigrants pr (counting only those that arrive with gr legal documentation) cannot be ig­ of nored by a denomination with a rn shrinking membership base . Neither W1 subject of a management contract. The conference agency would take responsibility for developing and ad­ ministering long term leased uses (with right of option to purchase if lessee is a rac ial ethnic church). But in all cases the conference-operating with a stronger financial base and needed technical assistance-maintains the leverage or initiative needed to ac­ commodate the property needs of growing ethnic units while easing the ownership burden of local units. Such property management by the conference assumes a more direct ownership of the Missional Pr iority than we have witnessed to date. When the building boom of the '50s and '60s was upon us, few affected conferences were without church extension socie­ ties to hand le property transactions. Church property matters in the '80s are much more complex and serious . Too much of the burden of growing new ethnic congregations has been left at the door of local churches. Sponsoring (or host congregations) are usually Worship at Fountain Valley UMC, California chosen by default and most often are poorly equipped to handle the must our Biblical faith be denied . We a true sense of mutuality. challenge. are compelled to " love the so­ Another alternative is open to a In the fi nal analysis, our commit­ journer .. .. for you were sojourners in connectional church . In order to ment is to more than providing pro­ the land of Egypt. " (Deut 10:19) assure the missional use of church gram space, being hospitable or nur­ The need of the sojourners (in the property in changing communities, turing a few more churches. We are Biblical tradition) is to dwell securely annual conferences could encourage engaged in building social institutions in the land to which God led them . In struggling local churches to voluntari­ for increasingly significant groups of this great land of private property, ly turn over their property burdens people in our society. In these early security is not to be found in a rental (and rights) to a conference agency. At years of our Third Century as United agreement. All rental contracts are present, this alternative is the final step Methodists, we are about the business drafted to protect the rights of the in the process of dissolving a local of sta rting a whole new history in our lessor. Security is found in having church. Why not free a local church of church development. . property equity. its property burden so it can focus its Strenghtening ethn ic minority local energy on growing, not just surviving? churches is a process of in stitutional­ Some Alternatives In return, the conference must assure izing them . Al I institutions are proper­ If The United Methodist Church is the local church the right of access to ty based in some fashion . Property is serious about strengthening new con­ efficient and economical program an asset that produces influence and gregations of immigrant and racial space (in its former build ing or at leverage in local communities and ethnic groups, it would require co­ another location). Then, w ith the help beyond . That's why it is so utterly ownership of property shared by two of experts in fields of real estate significant that our commitment to this or more UMC chartered congrega­ investment and management, the con­ priority focus now upon property tions. Simple ammendments to the ference is given an opportunity to ownership and management. The Book of Discipline would enable this convert property I iabi I ities into pro­ United Methodist concept of corpo­ to happen. The new congregation(s) gram assets . rate property must be exercised in new should be written into the property In this scheme, some properties may and creative ways . • deed. The trustees should be com­ be transferred permanently to the prised of representatives of each con­ conference for ultimate sale and the Robert J. Harman is District Superinten­ gregation. Then, negotiations over use liquid assets reinvested in new or in dent of the Chicago Northern District, of space and equipment, costs of rehabilitating more useable facilities. North ern Ill inois Conference . He was maintenance and improvements, etc., Other properties (or portions thereof) formerly Director of Planning, General wi 11 be carried out with integrity and in may be released temporarily as the Boa rd of Global M inistri es .

New World Outlook • May 1985 [219] 11 CHURCH€) CONFRONT f1 NEW Wf1\JE: OF OPPRE:S-S-ION IN CHILE: Trocy Eorly

Llnew wave of repression in Chile Ch ilean Methodist pastor then in quently lifted, and an amnesty de­ n has aroused a new ecumenical trouble with the govern ment and now clared for political pri soners and response among the churches there. on the staff of the Southern New exiles. A new constitution was ap­ This is the report of the Rev . Wilson England Annual Conference. proved in 1980, and the following Boots after a recent visit. Mr. Boots, The 197 4 visit came shortly after the March 11 , Gen . Pinochet became superintendent of Long Island West overthrow and death of Marxist Presi­ president for a term scheduled to last District in the New York Annual dent Salvador Allende Gossen s in eight years. Conference of the UMC, spent De­ September of 1973, and the subse­ However, tensions later sharpened cember 27-31 , 1984 in Chile as a quent imposi tion of a military dicta­ again as a deteriorating economy led representative of the U.S. National tors hip headed by Major Genera l to popular protest, and that to govern­ Council of Churches (NCC). Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. ment retaliation. Human rights viola­ In the recent months of tension in tions became more frequent. William Repression More Sophisticated Chile, NCC leaders have made special Wipfler, human rights secretary for the efforts to maintain close ties between Comparing the situ ation a decade NCC, says stati stics on torture inci­ U.S. churches and those in Chile. Mr. later, Mr. Boots said government dents, political prisoners and similar Boots's qualifications for assisting in repre ss ion had returned , as severe as indices registered sharp increases in this effort include missionary service before but more soph isticated . Torture 1984. in South America-in Bolivia from has been refi ned so that victims are On November 6, 1984, Presi dent 1953 to 1956 and in Argentina from now drive n to their limits but not to Pinochet declared a three-month state 1961 to 1962 under the World Divi­ the ir death in the manner of the of siege, imposing censorship and sion of the General Board of Global 1973-1974 period, he said. rounding up hundreds of political Ministries. As a GBGM Board mem­ The 1 984 wave of re pressive acti ons opponents for imprisonment or inter­ ber, he chaired the Latin America/Ca­ fol lowed an interva l in w hich the nal exile. Some people suspect the ribbean committee for the 1973-1976 human rights si tuati on in Ch ile had date, election day in the United States, quadrennium, and he has conti nued improved to some degree. In 1978, was ch osen to avoid any embarrass­ to fol low Latin America developments after condem nation of the Chilean ment to President Ronald Reagan with special interest. regime by the United States, Gen. during his campaign for reelection. Mr. Boots had previously visited Pinochet held a referend um that regis­ The Reagan Adm inistration had ind i­ Chile in 1967 and 1974. On the latter tered a high degree of popular support cated its sy mpathy for the Pinochet occasion he was sent by the New York fo r his ru le, though opposition groups government by opening the way for Annua l Conference to help arra nge for sai d the reported results were fraudu­ renewed military ass istance in 1982. the departure of Ulises Torres, a lent. The state of siege was subse- When the state of siege was extended

12 [220) New World Outlook • May 1985 for another three months in February, Administration officials put out the word that the U.S. would register a protest by abstaining when the Inter­ American Development Bank voted on a pending $130 million loan for Chile. But, on a visit to Chile, State Department official Langhorne Motley went out of his way to praise Chilean progress as being " in good hands." Catholics and Protestants Working Together Mr. Boots found Chilean Protestants and Catholics working together in resistance to the new state of siege . Recal Ii ng Protestant--Cathol ic hosti Ii­ ties in the Latin America of past years, he was surprised to find the sense of unity in the present crisis. In Santiago, the nation's capital and home of about a third of the national population, the Catholic Archdiocese has been a principal force for human rights through the work of its Vicariate for Solidarity. Mr. Boots said the Protestant churches of Chile feel the Vicariate also represents them, and a Chilean Methodist woman serves on the legal staff. It has also received support given through the World Council of Churches . Until November 7, 1984, the Vicar­ iate was headed by Ignacio Gutierrez, a Spanish Jesuit. But the government then announced that because of com­ ments he made in Rome about human rights abuses in Chile, he could not return . On November 13, the government said the Catholic bishops could not hold a planned forum on " The Path to Democracy." The next day, Archbish­ op Juan Francisco Fresno of Santiago issued a pastoral letter to be read in all churches of the Archdiocese-his only way of reaching the public after government censorship cut off hi s access to the public news media. " I fear that the state of siege cou Id mean a serious reverse for understanding and for peace in the country," the arch-

(Right, above) Confrontation at a 1983 demonstration against the Pinochet regime; (right, below) a Roman Catholic priest in a small Indian village near the Bolivian border. (I December 30 at Santiago's Basil ica of Lourdes, and Mr. Boots was among the 4,000 people attend ing. He said '' communion w as distributed at twenty p stations identified by the names of p The methodist Church people killed in the repress ive actions la of recent years. For him, the continu­ in Chile is o very ing power of the Chri stian faith was lq evongelistic church seen in the commemoration of mod­ bl ern martyrs in the basil ica below the (( stained gla ss windows depicting mar­ yet it hos o strong ( ( tyrs of the earl y church . e1 commitment to In La Victoria, a poor suburb of B Santiago, where many people remain te sociol justice. devoted to the memory of Presi dent Allende because of hi s efforts to SC improve their conditions, Mr. Boots ti visited a house where one of the recent Indians. Helmut Gnatt, the Methodist vi '' killings occurred. Andre Jarlan, a district superintendent irt Santiago, fl French priest, was shot dead there was attacked, Mr. Boots reported, and 01 bishop said. He also called for a day of September 4, 1984, by government Flor Rodriguez, the only woman serv­ e1 fa sti ng and prayer for peace and soldiers while he was studying the ing as a Chilean Methodist pastor, has Ct justice . Psalms . The priest's Bible had been left had her house ransacked , and twice SE M r. Boots said Archbishop Fresno open at the place he was reading, now had someone attempt to get into her tr had surprised Ch i leans w ith hi s out­ marked with his blood . automobile with her while she was R spoken defense of human rights . H is That was the barrio, Mr. Boots said , stopped at a corner. w predecessor, Card i nal Raul Sil va where women had carried out the Mr. Boots was accompanied on the Henriquez, was an intellectual w ho (protest of the protesta de las .alias trip by his wife, Nora Boots, a Bolivian w had bui lt a record as a critic of the pots), nonviolently expressing their who is World Division assistant gener­ h, Pinochet reg ime . Archbishop Fresno resistance to the Pinochet regime by al secretary for Latin America and the rn was more a man of the grass roots and beating on kitchen pots. The area Caribbean . She stayed on in Chile to la was thought to be more accommodat­ suffers from extreme poverty, and a attend the General Conference of the ing in his attitudes . But his experience ci inic operated jointly by Pentecostal s Methodist Church in earl y January, p apparently has put him into a posture and Catholic witnesses to the new and another executive in her section, p of opposition, too. Mr. Boots sa id the spirit of ecumenism in Chile. Joseph Perez, also went to Chile for n archbishop was away w hile he was Mr. Boots said man y of the young that event. g the re, and the new head of the people in La Victoria have lost hope On their return, they reported that h Vi cari ate, an elderly Chi lean pri est, and , standing around on the streets Chilean Methodists, a small body of i1 Santi ago Tap ia, w as in the hospital. with no jobs or prospects of jobs, 7, 000 people in a nation of twelve v Mr. Boots talked w ith other priests sardonically call themselves " admin­ million, are taking a strong stand in p working in the Vicari ate and gained istrators of the corner. " Some people support of human rights. They said that SL th e i mpressi on that the Catholi c are given "make work" jobs at mini­ in contrast to the situation immediate­ p Church of Chi le is un ited in support of mal pay, which lets the government ly after the fall of ·President Allende, the stand ta ken by Archbishop Fresno . announce employment statistics that when many middle-class people ap­ ""b A nother i ncident exacerbating sound better than they reall y are, he proved the removal of a Marxist ir ch urch-state re lation s occ urred the said . Many of the area residents government and when Protestants day M r. Boots arrived, December 27, survive by bringing scraps thrown out generally remained quiet, Methodists when the government expelled Den is from the markets or bought with their and other Protestants are now speak­ tc O'Mara , a Catholic missionary priest limited income and cooking for every­ ing out courageously. Vi of th e Columban order from the U.S. one in large alias communes (com­ " The Methodist Church in Chile is a e who had been working in a slum area mon pots). very evangelistic church," reported ti since 1978. The expulsion presum­ Ms. Boots. " Yet, it has a strong ri Methodists in Chile ably came becau se he se nt Christmas commitment to social justice." a cards wishi ng rec ipients " a New Year According to Wilson Boots, Meth­ In 1984, the church adopted a fe without torturers." odists have been among the victims of statement declaring, " We are deeply si It was considered especially offen ­ government repression . Four Method­ concerned about the high index of tr sive to the archbishop that his personal ist pastors were held in jail for twelve unemployment wh ich has been tr representative was not al lowed to see hours on November 10 and interro­ reached in our country and the grave tr the priest off at the airport . A service gated, along with some Swiss workers consequences which accompany it. protesting the expul si on was held and seventeen leaders of the Mapuche We advocate for an economic system fr1 14 [222] New World Outlook • May 1985 (Opposite page) General Pinochet at a military day parade; (top) troops parade in Santiago during the military day parade; (below) a soup kitchen in the La Victoria section of Santiago. which will guarantee the right to work and which offers active and creative participation by all inhabitants in the production and use of the riches of our land. " The General Conference was held at lquique, a town near the northern border of Chile's 2600-mile Pacific coastline, as part of the centennial celebration of a school there. Confer­ ence actions included reelection of Bishop Isaias Gutierrez for a second term. While the meeting was in session , some women and children from San­ tiago arrived in lquique on their way to visit their men held at a camp even further north at Pisagua . They had run out of money, so the General Confer­ ence took an offering to help them complete the trip. The Methodists also sent representatives to accompany them, and Mr. Perez and missionary Robert Lee were among those who went to the camp. Mr. Perez said they found the men were apparently treated well, but what had originally been a temporary camp now had the appearance of an instal­ lation intended for permanent use. Ms. Boots and Mr. Perez said people rounded up and sent to jail or prison camps were known as the retenidos (retained), but another cate­ gory cal led the relegados (relegated) has also come into existence, describ­ ing those exiled to small, remote villages. The relegados are sent to places where they have no way of supporting themselves, and local peo­ ple are warned to have nothing to do with them. But this isolation gradually breaks down and people begin show­ ing a natural compassion, they said . Recalling her own visit to La Vic­ toria, Ms. Boots found it striking that when she met with community lead­ ers, almost all of them were women, the men still there after government roundups often having given way to alcoholism, drug addiction or simple fear for their jobs. But she found it significant for the future of Chile that the women have rallied, organized themselves and moved forward to give their communities strong leadership .

Tracy Early is a free-lan ce writer and •a frequent contributor. E< fot 1unaways hi ar aptomise bl he fal m. Gorlindo Burton m th an raig (not his name. All names Chave been changed to protect the u~ childrens' identities), 13, ran away re1 from home the first time more than a an year ago, after his mother committed to suicide. After that, he left home an regularly, sometimes for weeks. He ju' and his father just couldn't seem to get ur along and Craig had been " knocked n around" too many times. The police fei and the authorities always caught him, he chided him, detai.ned him temporari­ de ly, but inevitably sent him back home. The last time he ran, he made it to the Promise House, and he and his family final ly are getting help. Nestled in a once fashionable street cc south of the Trinity River in Dallas, th Texas, is a lumbering blue dwelling d; called the " Promise House". A haven VE for runaway children, it was started as o! a project of the YMCA and Lovers Lane Stat istics on Runaways "Alarming" children leave. A full-time staff person United Methodist Church. The House w fol lows up with the families after currently has about fifteen teenage Cynthia Crom id as , di rector of pl children return home. residents . There are seven full-time Promise House, is a dark-haired, Vi counselors providing 24-hour super­ athletic-looking woman, a social Ind ividual Counselors (I vision. The rules for the kids are worker who is both good-humored Vi simple: no drugs or alcohol , no and smiling and a tough administrator. Each resident at Promise House is le fighting and you buy your own ciga­ She views the statistics on runaways in assigned an individual counselor. The rettes. The rules for the counselors are the Dallas area as " alarming". counselors, who are employees of the 0 equally direct: help the children to set "On any given night in Dallas there YMCA, come from a variety of back­ h, their own goals and give them what are maybe 300 kids on the street­ grounds and areas of expertise. Cheryl cl they lack most-love. most of them runaways," Ms. Cromi­ Williams, a social worker, is especial­ th The shelter began as an idea among das said . Nearly 4,000 runaways are ly concerned about family problems g1 ten members of Lovers Lane Church . reported each year in this city. We do which become severe enough to push h1 Upon learning that nearly 4,000 chil­ what we can. " children out of their homes. cl dren were reported as runaways in the Promise House staff members are She remembers Craig's famil y. They Dallas area in 1983, the members employees of the YMCA. The opera­ " were torn apart every time he tried to IT found the house in the Oak Cliff tions budget comes from state and go back," Ms. Williams said. " We [ community. Church members donat­ federal funds, given through Lovers tried to provide counseling after each n ed furniture and volunteered time to Lane Church . The counselors do not incident but it was not helpful. Even f1 repair the house. Ellen Crofford, assis­ invade the children's privacy or seek though Craig experienced individual h tant to the church's outreach director, to send them back into an unsafe or growth with us, the basic famil y 0 said the early days were not easy ones . unhealthy environment but they do structure had not changed . cl " At first, we weren't welcome in inform the proper authorities in an " So our goals for him and his own t~ Oak Cliff. The neighbors didn't know effort to find safe places for runaways goals changed. He tried to prepare D what to expect. But the staff at the to light. The staff participates in himself for placement in a boys home. house has worked well and things national runaway hotlines. He wanted to learn how to make have gone smoothly. And I think The staff is also involved in preven­ friends and how to manage his own people in Oak Cliff are coming tive care. There is a counselor who anger," she said. around." works with troubled families before Craig now resides at a boys camp in East Texas . Recently, on a visit home, is a definite structure for the res idents, he called Ms. Williams at the shelter their stay there is entirely voluntary. and told her that things are better However, it is not just a place to hang between him and his father. " He said out. The kids are allowed to stay only if '' he finally realized that both he and his they participate in a grading system . father blamed each other for hi s They start at ievel " A" and can Help the children mother's death . They' re working advance to " D" by doing household to set their own through it-slowly, perhaps, but they chores, participating in group activi­ are trying." ties and showing signs of improvement goQls Qnd give Another resident, Tina, 14, was fed in behavior, and working with their up with her parents, Ms. Williams counselors to set and achieve personal them whQt they recalled. Tina's parents were divorced goals . and she was being shifted from home " The kids come here with a variety IQck most to home, but didn't feel wanted of problems. Some are first-timers. -love. anywhere. She was in trouble with the Others are old hands on the 'shelter juvenile authorities for running away circuit,' " said Ms . Williams. until she came to Promise House. Their stories and problems are There, she was forced to face her varied . Some may be attributed to the feelings and " set realistic goals for inevitable complexities of childhood; '' herself, /1 said Ms. Wi 11 iams. " She other troubles are rooted in torn decided to stay with her aunt who families. Still other problems of youth wanted her until she could resolve are startling commentaries on societal feelings that her parents had betrayed ills and the times, said Ms. Williams. her. In the past few months, she has seen " She was one of those textbook teenagers on the run from probation cases I had in college. Tina held onto officers, sexually and physically abu­ the dream that her parents wou Id some sive parents and even pimps. " And day get back together and that pre­ they' re just a mild part of the total vented her from relating to either one picture of what's happening to kids in of them realistically." this area and all over." Tina finally decided to give it a try Many Kids Who Never Find Shelter with her aunt. There were some problems at first with discipline, Ms . "My opinion is that a lot of kids w ho Williams said. "But she decided she are into the heavy stuff-drugs, se x, could build a new family relationship violent crimes-have learned how not with her aunt. She was ready then to to get caught by the authorities. In any leave Promise House." case , there are many kids who never On this day, elderly persons hover find shelter where they can deal with over the children , clasping their their problems and get help. They' re hands, scolding softly about neglected either on the streets or worse. " chores, sharing notes and puzzles with But for the few who do find their their young charges. These foster way to the big blue house with grandparents spend about twenty cut-glass windows in the sleepy hours per week interacting with the neighborhood in Dallas, there is some children. hope. Children come to Promise House Tony, a lithe 16-year-old, proudly mostly through referrals from the shows off his room. His few clothes are Dallas social service agencies, juve­ hung neatly in the closet and there is a nile detention centers, and child wel­ magazine cut-out picture of his idol, fare agencies. Others find their way Michael Jackson, on the dresser. " We here because friends and family rec­ do our own laundry, and that's OK. ommend it. Local churches refer many We take turns cooking and cleaning children. Some come from the more up. The van takes us to the doctor if than thirty emergency shelters in the we're sick. This place is like home-­ Dallas-Fort Worth Area . maybe better-for a while." • Average Stay is Two Weeks (Opposite page) Director Cynthia Cromidas talks to one of the resi­ The average tenure for kids at the M . Garlinda Burton is Nas hvi ll e news dents; (top) Promise House; (above) Promise House is two weeks . Al ­ director fo r United Method ist Co mmuni­ two of the residents catch up on their though the rules are in place, and there cation s. reading.

New World Outlook • May 1985 [225) 17 Angolo methodists Celebrate a Hundred Years Rolph E. Dodge

ethodism began in Angola on responsible for starting several what the interior which the other mMarch 18, 1885. On that day churches in the west coast countries. members of the group would soon Bi shop W ill iam Taylor, a man of Returning to India he was elected a penetrate. But before leaving Luanda vision and action, arrived in the delegate to the 1884 General Confer­ about the middle of May, 1885, the cap ital city with a party of twenty-nine ence of the Methodist Ep iscopal group became founding members of carefully selected adult mi ssi onaries Church. That conference recognized the First Methodist Church of Angola. and theirfifteen children, the youngest his energy and evangelistic ability and Then , leaving their families in the city, on ly six years old. The missi onaries although he had officially retired as a the men ventured along the Quanza were not sent by any church mi ss ion mi ssionary, they elected him a bishop River and establi shed centers at board but were the res pon si bility of and assigned him to the African Dando, Pungo Andongo, Nhangue­ the " W illiam Taylor Se lf-Supporting continent which was then coming into a-Pepe, and Malange before sending M issi on ." Fund s fo r the pa ss age of so focus as a virgin field for evangelism . for their families to join them . Living large a gro up had been raised through conditions were rugged on those A Chance to Test Pauline Methods gi fts to the " W illiam Taylor Building initial mission stations and within two and Transit Fund ." The members of Years before his election to the years Dr. Mary Davenport and one of this group had been hand picked for episcopacy the new bishop, now the Withey girls had died and were their expertise and once on the mi s­ sixty-three-years old, had advocated buried in Dando. The two other si on fi eld they would mai nta in them­ the Paul ine method of church expan­ Withey girls, Lottie May and Florence se lves from the use and sa le of their sion. Now he had su ch an open­ Steele, then aged fifteen and thirteen ma ny skil ls. When a foothold had ended ass ignment that he could test respecti vely, died a day apart in been established on the Atl antic Coast his ideas. He immediately began December, 1892. Of the four children it was expected that they, and others recruiting specialists for thi s initial of the Rev . Amos and Irene Withey, w ho were to fo llow, wou ld penetrate assignment. From his recruits he chose there now remained only the boy, into the interior and eva ngelize all of two, W illiam Summers, a young medi­ Herbert, who was to become the central Africa. It was a glorious dream. ca l doctor, and Heli Chamberlain, a leading linguist of the church in But th e bishop and his party were recognized linguist, to proceed to Angola. He translated all of the New newcomers to Africa. Africa immediately and prepare for the Testament and much of the Old William Tayl or began his ministry in arr ival of the larger group. Bishop Testament into the local Kimbundu his native Vi rginia but soon fe lt the ca ll Taylor himself needed to go first to language before his untimely death in to the more open spaces of Cal ifornia. Liberia to survey the establi shed mis­ 1937. Appointed as a missionary to that state si on work there which had been Much could be written about the he travelled west as a so ul seeker. His started by Cox in 1 B33 . He would join early days of the Taylor Self-Support­ ability as an evangelist was immedia­ the larger group in Cape Palmas and ing Mission in Angola. Suffice it here tely recognized as he travel led the continue to Luanda with them . Thus it to say that the abundance of anopheles newly annexed te rritory establi shing worked out that when the large group mosquitos, the lack of medicine, and Methodist chu rches . After an evange- arr ived w ith Bi shop Tayl or at its head primitive living conditions resulted in 1i stic ministry of seve n years he they found that accommodations had many deaths among that pioneer yearned for wider fields. But before been arranged for them in Luanda. group. However new recruits replaced venturing overseas he devoted his The bi shop and his missionaries those who fel I or the few that aban­ considerable skills to holding evange­ were wel I received by the Portuguese doned the work. But the missionaries listic campaigns in the east . Soon, governor who was somew hat sur­ found it difficult to support them­ however, he began his travels farther prised at the composition of the group selves . The Rev . Amos E. Withey afield, preaching as he went: England, w ith so many women and children. At w rote in the conference minutes of South America, Australia, and Asia. that time most government officials left 1895, " Our means of livelihood are Arrivi ng in India he was invited by their fa milies safel y in Europe during commerce, mechanics, and agricul­ Bi shop Thoburn to organize the evan­ thei r assi gnment in Afri ca . The entire ture. We do not have salaries." gelistic work in the Bombay area. grou p remained in Lu anda fo r some The Missionary Society Three years later found him with the time getti ng accl imated to the March Takes Responsibility Dwight L. Moody Evangelistic Cru­ heat and learn ing as much as th ey sade in London. Then the ca ll ca me to cou ld from Chamberlai n and Sum ­ Rel ief came in the election of Bi shop visit South America where he was mers who already had explored some- Joseph Crane Hartzell in 1896. The (Left) Bishop William Taylor in 1896; (below) Herbert Withey with a group of Angolans; (center) the beginning of a girl's school. new bis hop persuaded the Miss ionary ri~ pendent Angola. Anton io Agostinho some 85 lay local pastors. At that time Ct Society of the Methodist Episcopal Neto, son of a Methodist pastor, it counted some eight thousand mem­ di Church to become re sponsible for the became presi dent in 19 75, when after bers and had some eighteen hundred si: work begun in Angola. But under even fo urteen years of intensive struggle the children enrolled in its primary d the best of sponsorships the chu rch in Portuguese accepted the idea of inde­ schools. During the next thirty years 0\ Angola was never al lowed to forget pendent national pol itical leaders hip. the church continued to grow slowly er that it was begun on a se lf-support Bi shop de Carvalho rece ived hi s pri ­ in all areas of the conference. The rate se basis. At first it was considered a part mary edu cation in the Luanda mi ss ion of growth slackened due to the oppo­ Sil of the Liberia Annual Confe ren ce. sc hool . Many of the other politica l and sition encountered from the Portu­ Later it became a part of the Congo civil leaders received part of their guese government during the period of d Missionary Confe ren ce; followi ng that in itial schooling in the Methodist the Roman Catholic-dominated Sala­ m cc a part of the West Central Africa educational program . zar regime. Protestant mi ss ionaries ta Missionary Conferen ce . Only in 1940 The evangelistic, agri cultural , and were only tolerated, but, due to the did it become a Missionary Confer­ med ical work eventual ly became Treaty of Berl in which provided for ence in its ow n right and in 1948 it centered in the Malange-Quessua freedom of religious proclamation, s hi beca me the Annual Confe rence of area in the interior. Revival meetings they were allowed to work. In spite of Angola, an integra l part of the Eliza­ under the guidance of missionary John covert government opposition and i bethville Area. In 1964 it became an Wengatz and evangeli st Joaquim Ber­ restrictions, the church continued to T1 ep iscopal area and in 1972 the first nardo attracted large crowds and grow. OI native son , Bishop Emilio de Carval­ re sulted in many conversion s. Dr. p1 The Struggle for Independence 0( ho, was elevated to the episcopacy Alexander H. Kemp gave a lifetime of and assigned to Angola. service developing the medical pro­ It was during the fourteen years of Cl Almost from the beginn ing the gram with nurses' training at the the national struggle for independence gr missionary program in Angola was Quessua hospital. The agricultural that the church suffered the loss of to broadl y based w ith four disti nct program came to its height in modern many national leaders and the impris­ e1 thrusts : ed ucati on, evangelism, indus­ times under the practical guidance of onment and expulsion of most United Sil trial work and health care. Th e educa­ Lloyd 0 . Schaad . Methodist missionaries. Many United C! tional thrust from Luanda provided the At the time of its fiftieth anniversary Methodist pastors, their families, and early educationa l backgrou nd fo r in 1935 the Angola Missionary Confer­ other community leaders were brutal­ WI many of the curre nt leaders of inde- ence had th irty full members w ith ly killed by the Portuguese. Other pastors fled into the dense tropical (Below) Leaders at Quessua in 1979. jungles with their congregations and literally thousands of unarmed civi 1- ians fled to the Congo to avoid the slaughter of the NATO-supported Portuguese military machine. The loss of life was great among all civilians but the educated Africans became the special target of Portuguese brutality. Since the change in episcopal lead­ ership in 1972 and independence in 1975 the church has grown rapidl y. In 1960 the capital city of Luanda claimed just one United Method ist Church with many classes organ ized according to the Wesleyan tradition . Since independence, man y of these classes have become congregations so that today there are eighteen United Methodist churches with a total of 15 7 classes . The areas to the north, east and south of the traditional Methodist territories are being evangelized with some churches as much as fi ve hun­ dred miles away from the episcopa l area headquarters. Al I sa laries of pastors have risen nearl y ten-fold since independence and the number of new recruits for the ministry has

20 [228) New World Outlook • May 1985 risen accordingly. At the last Annual Conference nine ministerial candi­ dates were ordained deacons and sixteen promoted to elders. With the church membership now standing at over 75 ,000 the recent Central Confer­ ence authorized the formation of a second Annual Conference which has since been realized . Currently the church in Angola has no American missionaries but there is a European couple serving in the Quessua hospi­ tal. The church that started on a self­ supporti ng basis a hundred years ago has maintained its emphasis on utiliz­ ing, to a maximum, its local resources . Today Angola is the least dependent on outside support in finances and personnel of any of the United Meth­ odist Conferences in Africa. With the current young, determined, and ag­ gressive leadership it should continue to grow into the dynamic power for '4 evangelism and rightgeousness envi­ . sioned by Bishop William Taylor a century ago. •

Bishop Ralph E. Dodge, now retired , was a missionary in Angola.

(Right) Central Methodist Church, Luanda; (below, left) a church meeting; (below, right) Agostinho Neto, the first president of Angola, was the son of a Methodist minister. Episcopal Profile: Emilio J.M. deCar'Valho

s h a c

t r nited ~1 ethodists Emilio de Carvalho, the second son drive toward accomplishing estab­ of the Rev . Julio Joao Miguel and Eva lished goals. It also became increas­ are bound in faith and Pedro de Andrade was born on August ingly clear that he would follow the tradition with ~f ethodist 32,, 1933, in Quiongua, Angola. His church vocation to which he, as a Christians around the father was serving as pastor-teacher in youth, had been dedicated by his lvorld. A half-million Quiongua, near where David Li ving­ parents. stone spent several months rewriting Recognizing his leadership poten­ of these - in Europe, his Journal which had been lost at sea. tial , the United Methodist Church of the Philippines and When Emilio was a small boy his Angola sent Emilio to Brazil for his parts of Africa - parents were transferred to Mazozo in theological training. From 1953 to the lcolo e Bengo region of Angola 1958 he studied in the Methodist are metnbers of where I first met them in 1937. Theological Seminary in Sao Paulo central conferences Emilio's early boyhood was spent in and was graduated with honors from that are structurally the relaxed atmosphere of a typical the Bachelor of Divinity program . African rural vi I Iage of that period . He While attending seminary he served as a part of United was well cared for in the home as his ass istant pastor in one of the city's ~ 11 ethodism as are the mother was not only attentive to her larger churches. From Brazil he came 73 annual conferences family's spiritual needs but also culti­ to the United States and did graduate of the U ·S. and Puerto vated her gardens in the lowlands work in Garrett Biblical Institute and adjacent to the Kwanza River. In spite Northwestern University from which Rico. These central of the abundance of Anopheles mos­ he was graduated with a Master's (overseas) conferences qu itos during the rainy season in Degree in 1960. While studying in and areas are led by February and March, the children Evanston de Carvalho was ordained a escaped serious injury from childhood deacon in Wisconsin by Bishop Cecil 14 United ~lethodist diseases. Northcott at the request of his annual conference in Angola. Upon his return bishops, all indigenous Schooling and Early Life persons elected by their to Africa he was appointed pastor of At the annual conference of 1943, the large central church in Luanda own constituencies. the Rev. J. J. Miguel w as transferred where his father had once served . It They are members of from Mazozo and appointed to the was while pastoring the racially­ the Council of Bishops, large downtown church in the capital mixed congregation in Luanda that he city of Luanda . It was here that Emilio was arrested by the Portuguese police and four are directors attended the mission primary school and accused of nationalistic intrigue. of the (}eneral Board and later the provincial government Prison and Torture of Global ~1inistries. high school. His participation in the youth program of the church prepared This was the time of the open revolt This is the second the way for his being chosen president against the Portuguese colonial ad­ of a series of periodic of the Methodist Youth Fellowship of ministration when many of the edu­ articles profiling these the annual conference. In hi s capacity cated Africans were either brutally overseas episcopal as conference president he helped killed or imprisoned . In prison, Emil io organize chapters in churches where almost suffered the fate of his mas­ leaders. none existed. He helped prepare and sacred col leagues as he was tortured distribute a Manual for Youth and with beating after beating trying to get participated in youth institutes that him to confess to crimes of insurrec­ went beyond the Methodist constitu­ tion. After some of the severe beatings ency. It soon became evident that about the head it was feared that he Emilio had a giftfor organization and a might be incapacitated for life. How-

22 [230] New World Outlook • May 1985 ever, by God's grace he withstood the ment Fund . It actively supports local beatings and solitary confinement for ecumenical projects and in 1983 gave nearly two years before being re­ $15,000 to the Bible Society in Angola. leased . Bishop de Carvalho readily The full local support of pastors has admits that he was fortunate to have greatly improved and the retired pas­ survived the prison ordeal . After he tors and other church workers are now had recuperated sufficiently, he was receiving more adequate pensions. assigned as director of the Luanda Emilio de Carvalho was united in Christian Center and in 1965 as a staff marriage to Marilina de Jesus Fi­ member of the ecumenically-oriented gueiredo on August 6, 1966. To that Emmanual Theological Seminary in union was born two sons and one Don di. daughter. Mrs. Marilina de Carvalho is After teaching in the seminary for active in women's work throughout two years, Emilio was appointed Africa and has recently been chosen principal. It was during this period that vice-president of the Africa Church he was ordained an elder. For five Growth and Development Commit­ years he directed the activities of the tee. Emmanuel Theological Seminary at Bishop de Carvalho is in great Emilio de Carvalho. which many of the young Methodist demand as a speaker in national and and Congregational pastors received international church gatherings. He their training. has preached to large church gather­ As the 1972 Central Conference was ings and delivered public lectures in being planned, Emilio was ap­ Brazil, the German Democratic Re­ proached about allowing his name to public, Cuba and in the United States. be presented as a candidate for the For two quadrennia he served United episcopacy. It was generally felt by the Methodism on the General Board of church that the time had come for an Global Ministries and currently serves "It is quite African to be elected to that position as on the Board of Higher Education and immaterial with him all the other conferences in Africa Ministry. He is president of the Ecu­ whether others agree already had national episcopal leader­ menical Association of Third World ship. His response was typical, "If I'm Theologians and also president of the or not.He chosen, I'll serve but I' m not seeking Executive Committee of the Africa knows his own the position ." Thus at the time of the Central Conference. Within the World mind and speaks Central Conference in Malawi he Council of Churches he serves on the 1t. free I y ..." remained at his teaching post in Commission of the Churches on Inter­ Angola. When his name appeared on national Affairs. He is the author of a the first ballot many of the delegates very comprehensive volume on Meth­ from the other conferences inquired, odism in Angola entitled, "Ouco Os "Who is this de Carvalho?" The Passo de Milhares" (Listen to the Steps Angola delegates were happy to in­ of Thousands), and several other form their colleagues of his character, smaller books in Portuguese. In addi­ training and availability. He was tion to several African languages, elected on the second ballot. As Bishop de Carvalho writes and speaks expected, he was assigned to his home fluently in French, English, Portuguese conference and in due course was and Spanish. consecrated by his personal friend, Whether in a meeting of the Cou nci I Bishop Escrivao Zunguze of Mozam­ of Bishops or in his own annual bique. conferences, Bishop de Carvalho speaks with deep sincerity and force­ Rapid Growth of the Church fulness . It is quite immaterial with him Since Bishop de Carvalho assumed whether others agree or not. He knows leadership of the United Methodist his own mind and speaks it freely, Church in Angola, the membership trusting that his experiences, research, has rapidly grown and the finances and vision are a sound basis for radically improved in spite of the judgment. Because of who he is and continuous civil strife in the southern what he does, Bishop de Carvalho is a part of the country. The Angola Area man to be deeply admired. He adds a has contributed more than any other strong link to that endless chain of episcopal area on the continent to the splendor which validates the Mission Africa Church Growth and Develop- of the Church.-Ral ph E. Dodge . •

New World Outlook • May 1985 [231] 23 ~ ~@ IJu@tru D~if@@-inside and out Photographs by Kenneth Silverman

It is now five years since the Soviet invasion of Monthly refugee arrivals in Pakistan currently Int Afghanistan and no end to the struggle is yet in sight. average about 3,000 a month, reflecting the continu­ m< Over a third of the population of the country have fled ing high level of violence inside Afghanistan. While he across the borders: of these, nearly three million are Pakistan does not afford permanent residence to the fu1 refugees in Pakistan and another 750,000 are in Iran. refugees, it does permit them to engage in agricul­ th Several thousand others are scattered across ture, herding, and some other economic activities. ly Western Europe and other countries in the Near East Refugee agencies in Pakistan are turning to plans for m and South Asia. long-range development instead of simple emergen­ bi Virtual ly all of the Afghan refugees in Pakistan and cy relief. d( Iran are tribal , agricultural people who hope one day Church World Service (including the United Meth­ ar to return to their homeland. (By contrast, most Afghan odist Committee on Relief) has been actively working refu gees admitted to the U.S. have been educated in to meet the needs of Afghan refugees since the re the West and have urban backgrounds.) Many come earliest days of the crisis, working together with fo from tribal groups which traditionally have existed on Catholic Relief Services through the Inter-Aid Com­ fir both sides of the border. mittee. CWS has provided three staff members to the di Signs of the continu ing war inside Afghanistan are these grim scenes in Paktia Province. (Opposite page) A school destroyed by Russian bombs ; (left) an Afghan guerrilla looks at two 500-pound unexploded Russian bombs ; (below) two Afghan guerrillas with the remains of a Russian MIG plane they shot down .

Inter-Aid Committee in addition to funds . One of the of rural Afghanistan has been turned upside down. major responsibilities of the group is the provision of Land owners now find themselves adrift and in a health care for some 150,000 refugees. The IAC position of dependency; artisans, by contrast, fi nd funds the only elementary school for refugee girls and themselves able to earn a living . the only 11 secondary schools for refugees. Recent­ Photographer Ken Silverman recently visited the ly, the Committee has instituted a program for refugee camps along the Pakistan border and also meeting immediate needs of arriving refugees went inside Afghanistan to photograph the continuing because the registration process has been slowed violence there which drives people from their homes. down so that it takes up to 2 months to get registered and receive aid . THE ED ITORS. The long-range problems associated with the refugees are many and varied. As one example, the forests in the refugee area have been cut down for firewood and the ecology of the area has been damaged. For another example, the social structure

New World Outlook • May 1985 (233] 25 A~® lfu@rru o~1I@rru- inside and out

Scenes sucH as this cemetery for "martyred" Afghan guerrillas inside Paktia Province (below) explain why refugee camps such as this in Pakistan (right) continue to grow.

The Pakistan refugee camps such as this one at Hangu are becoming permanent settlements, with farmers tilling the land (top, right) and a new generation of ch ildren, such as these boys (opposite page, bottom) growing up there.

26 (234] New World Outlook • May 1985

These contrasting scenes of women in two refugee camps ~~®[h)@rruo~if@rru- show a woman with children inside ond out (below) in a camp for widows and orphans. She is hiding her face from passing males. This woman (right) waiting for medical attention is also in purdah but, because of her age, does not hide her face . pla\ t mor hea PoP city B seer has ·- of t , thei ,,./-{. A r~ \ fr or ce ver eve we the to Wal tak ho urn a ~

bril Az of bu (Bottom) This prosthetic ing workshop in a refugee camp un in Peshawar is run by the res International Red Cross. fro It is a reminder of the mi casualties of the war. Re Cl ab ch pa hi1 wl er JU

f ~ Sp ke rn dr t~ I Sp 01 in1 Ce t ound too good to b tru : an Iurban oa i of wimming pool , pla ing fi Id and flowering tr In ffiexico, mor than a ubwa ride from the r h art of M i o Cit , the world' mo t populou and hop le I cong ted It's Club ffiet cit . But for th pa t four ming! impo ible ican dr am ha b nth plea ant realit for man of the cit ' 32 ,000 M thodi t and Nelson A. Novorro th ir friend . waitin th m, ju t 20 mi nut awa from th din and noi e of the Zo alo or c ntral quar , i nothing I than th ir v ry o n pri ate refuge from the Entrance to the fi e-acre compound e r-pr nt woe of cit lif . n of Club Melodi ta in Me ico Cit . we kends-or dail , if they wi h­ th ha e the option of running awa to a ha n of green gra and cool water to indulg in uch little jo a taking a dip in th pool, pla ing t nni , holding famil picnic , camping und r th tar , or impl meditating in a flower garden . Tuck d awa b hind whitewa hed brick wall in a quiet ide treet of Az apotzalco, a middle-cla ncla e of n at cooperati e building and bungalow , Club Metodi ta ' prawl- ing fi a re compound e ude th unmi takable languor of a pro incial re ort eral hundr d mile from Latin m rica' megacit million peopl . " W e en ha e bird here," a Rafael uilar, th genial dire tor of Club todi ta , pointing ith un- aba h d pride to the pigeon and chirpin bird ho ering o er the pine , palm tre and ro e bu he ju tout ide hi office windo . " Thi i a place her ou can forget robberie and crime. ou enter, park our car and ju t r la . " the rain summer month , club mem­ few private sports clubs within city Opened in 1980, the club' e i ting ber are virtual I at the mercy of the limits, as well as the only one of its facil1t1e are limited to outdoor fickle Me ican weather. kind run by a church or church-relat­ ports-three tenni court , four ba - A Meeting Place for City Youths ed organization. etball court , a occer field, a v im­ " We are an ecumenical sports min pool and pla ground for chil­ " The important thing," sa s Mr. club, " he emphasizes. " Although the dren, and a meditation garden . ore guilar, " is that we ha e a meeting club was organized by Methodists, it is than half of the compound i open place for cit outh . Before this, we open to everybody." pace dotted ..... ith a half-fini hed had no pace for socials and sports . In fact, he says, the club is not owned 01 mpic- ize pool a ell a mark- e couldn't pro ide a health alter­ or operated by the 111-year-old in or a modern four- tory port nati e to drug , agranc and alcohol, Methodist Church of Mexico (IMM) center and a par ing lot for 100 car . hich ha e become ery erious but b a private civic association mall one- to building hou e ad­ problems for the oung people of composed of IMM members, headed m in i trati e office and comfort e ico Cit ." b Ernesto Sil a, a businessman who room , lea ing little or no pace for Making the Club etodi ta trul owns a local tourist bus compan . The lo er and indoor acti itie . During unique, he add , i that it i one of the club enjo s the enthusiastic support of Bishop Alejandro Ruiz and other IMM Methodists, he says, is the unavoid­ official s. Under Mexi can law, all able fact that they represent a tiny church properties belong to the state minority in a predominantly Catholic and churches are strictly forbidden to country. own any property. Besides, he adds, there is the more Despite its low profile and still-lim­ practical matter of boosting club mem­ ited facilities, says its director, the club bership. Even with its bare-bones now attracts an average of about 100 annual budget of $12,000, Club Me­ daily vistors, mostly children from todista can hardly operate without the ages 7 to 18. Also open seven days for estimated 100 non-Methodist mem­ private gatherings, it has become the ber families who pay annual dues of setting for outdoor birthday parties $30 each . And with Methodist mem­ 1 popular among Azcapotzalco resi­ bership not likely to increase signifi­ J• dents as well as huge gatherings like a cantly above current levels, what with recent Baptist Church anniversary that church members widely dispersed involved 2,500 guests and featured across the city, the logical solution several huge tents and a 20-foot cake. seems to point towards tapping more When it was launched in 1980, members from the surrounding neigh­ Club Metodista called for a construc­ borhood, which has an estimated tion budget of $3 million and was population of 50,000 people. expected to be finished in no more Club Metodista's appeal to Azca­ than two years' time. But like many potzalco residents is based on leisure other ambitious undertakings at the needs common to all urban residents, height of the Mexican oil boom, the reinforced by popular concern about club suddenly found its construction environmental pollution in Mexico. N activities halted by a severe economic With real estate values soaring to The crisis that gripped the nation begin­ unbelievable levels, green and open two b ning in 1981. Since then , it has had to spaces have become al I too rare and relax a make do with $500,000 in completed even more sought-after in the crowd­ peopl1 projects and to face the agonizing ed metropolis. City residents wishing er, fe reality of having to build facilities in to flee from the noise and the pollution plung piecemeal fashion , depending on the have little choice other than to head tional slow trickle of donations from church for public parks that are always churc members, corporations and founda­ bursting at the seams with people, or But tions . to take long drives to resorts and spas novel in the provinces. Blessing in Disguise sellin1 Some ten years ago, when the idea sports The club's financial difficulties have for a sports club first came up, these Mexic turned out to be a blessing in disguise, concerns were uppermost in the minds Socce says Mr. Aguilar. Not only have many of IMM members. Coincidentally, the Grand IMM members pitched in to save the newspapers were also engaged in Olym1 project, but the crisis pointed the way crusades against youth hooliganism cra zy, to direct and close relations with the and other problems of wayward player residents of Azcapotzalco. As a result, youths in the country's densely packed movie more than 40 percent of club's 300 urban centers. lnd1 member families are now non-Meth­ At that time, Mr. Aguilar recalls, the Methe odists, most of them from the sur­ Methodist civic association had just of thi1 rounding neighborhood. been granted a piece of land in a newly defini1 " We are now reaching out to people opened housing district in exchange progr< we would not otherwise be able to for property that had been incorporat­ the I~ reach ," says the grayhaired director. ed in a highway project. 1973 " People come here and they become It did not take very long for some lights' interested in our church and how it church members to make a connec­ Mexic works. We found out that you can get tion between the much-€xpressed churcl people together through sports and not desire of city residents for green space, the fi i just through bible reading. Here, they the idle tract of land just a subway ride (Top) A group preparing to camp out organi come and play and eventually become away, and the city's escalating youth for the weekend; (center) Rafael At interested in reading the bible." problem. They asked: why not estab­ Agui lar, director of Club Metodista; Aguila Always in the minds of Mexican lish a sports club? (bottom) a soccer game at the Club. long a '' Weare now reaching out to people we would not otherwise be able to reach. ''

A visiting choir sings to a church gathering at the Club.

lowship (MYF) activities and has de­ gaping hole in the ground slowly Novelty a Main Selling Point voted most of his last three decades to taking shape with ·the efforts of two The idea clicked . It was like killing youth sports. As head of Club Meto­ laborers. two birds with one stone: a club for dista, he supervises a work crew of Pointing out that the fu 11 name of the relaxation and a place to keep young four employees and three temporary club is Club Metodista Para El Deporte people off the streets . Others, howev­ workers. He also serves as unofficial Y La Cultura (Methodist Sports and er, felt squeamish about the IMM driver who spends practically half his Cultural Club), he says that long-term plunging into an activity that tradi­ day on his blue-and- white VW Kombi plans cal I for the development of tionally had nothing to do with ferrying children and club supplies cultural programs such as a children's churchgoing. across the city. theater to give full justice to the club's But, says Mr. Aguilar, the very Helping out as volunteers are YMCA aim of developing sound minds in novelty of the idea became its main instructors who come in the after­ healthy bodies among its members. selling point. And , to begin with, noons to teach swimming, soccer, Always hovering over Mr. Aguilar's sports has always been a passion for tennis and other games. On week­ mind is the thought of raising $2 .5 Mexicans and all Latin Americans. ends, the place is the scene of regular million to finish the project. Mexican Soccer is virtually king south of the Rio games, youth camping and large and foreign friends, including the Grande. Since the 1968 Mexico church gatherings. General Board of Global Ministries Olympics, Mexico has been sports­ (GBGM) of The United Methodist What Lies Ahead? crazy, with top runners and soccer Church, are being tapped for support. players enjoying the celebrity status of What lies ahead for Club Metodista? Under the Advance Special program movie stars and socialites. Near Mr. Aguilar's desk at the small for 1985-86, GBGM is seeking to raise Indeed, he muses, if the city's one-story bu i Id i ng that serves as the $60,000 for Club Metodista of Mexico Methodists wanted to be in the center club's administration office, there are City. of things Mexican, its outreach must rolls of blueprint paper, each of them But in the meantime, he says, the definitely include an active sports rumpled from constant use. more immediate problem is to raise program. In fact, he points out, when The blueprints are, of course, those $8 ,000 to finish the club's swimming the IMM celebrated its centenary in made several years ago by architect pool . 1973, one of the anniversary high­ Pedro Duenas, an IMM member, and " We' ll do it one at a time," he lights was a 400-mile Veracruz to they envision a full-scale sports center confidently ass ures his visitor. " We Mexico City marathon in which that is no less than every sports lover's are counting on people who love church members retraced the steps of dream. For instance, the main four­ children and who believe in the work the first Methodists who came to story building will house the latest we' re doing. One day it will all be organize in Mexico in 1873. gymnastic equipment, dance and ex­ finished ." • A third-generation Methodist, Mr. ercise studios, and a health food Aguilar is a retired engineer who was restaurant. Just beside it would be the Nelson A. Nava rro , a writer for MECPD, long active in Methodist Youth Fel- Olympic-size pool, now just a big recentl y vi sited Mexi co.

New World Outlook • May 1985 [239] 31 w hoes Kampuchea mate said , hoes cars. und1 Today Ir Fielo novE our A Visit beer of ( with tort he ff one KongSamOI far : \ pod borr Fronl~lin P. Smith l exca sano Kong Sam 01. glea row~ looked at the man s1tt1ng across sought out all Khmer (Cambodian) hectare equals 2.46 acres) of land. like from me and asked myself what we intellectuals or those " guilty of asso­ Under Pol Pot there had been fewer the I cou ld poss ibly have in common. I was ciation" with the West and either than one million hectares under culti­ "hol in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cam­ condemned them to death outright or vation. In 1984 the figure was 1 .8 year bod ia (now cal led Kampuchea). The assigned them to gulag-style forced million hectares. Al sma ll ecumenical delegation spon­ labor camps, a form of prolonged The government is encouraging the whe sored by Church World Service of death . One was classified as an people to do more intensive cultiva­ trea~ w hich I was a part was making an intellectual if he or she wore glasses or tion, and more dry season planting is refle official ca ll at the Ministry of Agricul­ was known to have been a teacher, being done than before the war. how ture. Kong Sam 01 , a tall man with doctor, or lawyer. Pol Pot evacuated Cultivation is done with draft ani­ Pol tired , sad eyes, is Minister of Agricul­ Phnom Penh and the main towns and mals-mainly oxen-and hoes. not ture. He was recuperating from hepati­ forced everyone, including hospital Kong remarked that the Soviet that tis and had gotten out of bed to meet patients, to march en masse to the Union has provided more than 1,000 livir w ith us . rural areas. tractors. We had seen some of these I tractors-old models no longer used in What was there about our lives, our Struggling to Regain spo, experiences, that could possibly pro­ the Soviet Union-rusting, unused Self-Sufficiency che1 vide common ground for a point of because of lack of fuel , spare parts and knei contact and mutual sharing? We were It was a large conference room in mechanical expertise. (The United som from different worlds : I from a western which we met. For this meeting I had States provides no aid to Kampuchea "Thi democracy, the most powerful nation been designated leader of our delega­ because it classifies the country as an disa in the world; he from a little country in tion and I was seated directly across enemy nation.) ho1A Indochina, one of the poorest nations from Kong Sam 01. Others from the Sleeping With the Hoe so on earth and Marxist. The large Ministry of Agriculture and the Min­ Under the Pillow pictures of Marx and Lenin on the wall istry of Foreign Affairs sat near him "W1 In one village where we had been beh ind him attested to that. taking notes . As always, tea was K Compared to him, my life had been served . earlier in the week we had asked to see the one of un heard of ease and security. In As one wou Id have expected from their hoes . Many were of poor quality and the early 70s (1971-75) he had sur­ the minister of Agriculture, Kong metal and terribly worn. Kong Sam 01 exp vi ved (though tens of thousands of his spoke about the need to increase food said that there were fewer than one kno million hoes in Kampuchea. Church people had not) the devastating production in his country. Before the oth1 bombing of Cambod ia by the U.S. Air war years, Cambodia had not only World Service is preparing to send a And Force, whi ch reportedly dropped been self-sufficient in rice production supply of hoes , forge hammers, ax addl heads, saws and files to 1750 Samaki more bombs in Cambodia than on all but had also exported rice. Now it was H of Europe du ring World War II. struggling to regain self-sufficiency. (solidarity) groups. Each village is fooc Kong Sam 0 1had also survived the He spoke about the uphill battle. divided into a number of Samaki sunc even worse ordeal of the Pol Pot years Before the war, he said , Cambodia groups consisting of 8-14 families don·· (1975-79): the genocidal po licies that had cultivated about 2.5 hectares (1 each . We 32 (240] New World Outlook • May 1985 When Kong spoke of the need for hoes, a sadder yet surprisingly ani­ mated look came on i-.s face and he said , " Under Pol Pot we treated our hoes like Americans treat their luxury cars. We loved our hoe and kept it under our pillow at night. " I had seen the movie, " The Killing Fields," and had read Jack Anderson's novel, The Cambodia File. Soon after our arrival in Kampuchea, we had been taken to the Toul Sleng Museum of Genocide, where Pol Pot had tortured those fol lowers of his whom he felt had turned against him, and to one of the mass grave sites where, as far as you could see, the earth was pockmarked with what appeared to be bomb craters but were actually the excavated grave sites of untold thou­ sands of Khmer victims. Their bones, (Above) Working in the gleaming in the sunlight and stacked in fields; Franklin rows on the shelves of what looked Smith (left) talks like a lumber shed , gave credence to with Church World the use of the terms " genocide" and Service worker " holocaust" to describe the Pol Pot Brent Rowell years . in Kampuchea. All of these images came to mind when Kong spoke of sleeping with his our children growing up without Cambodia historically has been a treasured hoe under his pillow. As I sufficient nutrition, their brains not Buddhist country. The Christan reflected on this, I began to realize developing properly." Church , never more than a few how essential the hoe was during the I thought about what Kong Sam 01 thousand people, is not allowed to Pol Pot years. Without it, one could said . We had been in kampuchea for a function in Kampuchea today. not do the required amount of labor week and were leaving the next day. I I was grateful for what Church that allowed persons to continue had seen the impressive work that World Service is doing under difficult living--even if just by a thread. Church World Service is doing to assist circumstances in Kampuchea-a I realized that this gentle, soft­ the people in dealing with continuing Christian presence in a Marxist na­ spoken man (and many other Kampu­ emergencies-the destruction of tion-and pleased that United Meth­ cheans) had endured hardships that I thousands of acres of crops due to odists through the United Methodist knew nothing about. I had read about flooding, necessitating the building of Committee on Relief Program Depart­ some of them, and the stark scenes of dikes; the massive innoculation of ment of the General Board of Global " The Killing Fields" will not soon oxen against hoof and mouth and Ministries (UMCOR) are playing a vital disappear from my consciousness. But other diseases; the importation of role in that program. how could I really know what he and medicines for malaria, a serious prob­ But of all the things that happened so many others had suffered? lem in Kampuchea today. I had seen during my week in Kampuchea, what the people in the countryside strug­ "We Know More About Killing ... " I'm sure I will remember longest are gling to produce food for themselves the words of the burdened Minister of Kong Sam 01 went on . He said that and their families. I had even tried my Agriculture, Kong Sam 01 : " What we the Kampuchean people seek peace hand at threshing rice by beating a want for our people are food and and justice. He said, and here his bundle of rice against a large board, peace and justice." expression became even sadder, " We which is the threshing process used I decided that Kong Sam 01 and I, know more about killing-killing each there. though we come from different worlds other-than we know about peace. " and have had vastly different experi­ A Christian Worship Service And then, in an even quieter voice, he ences, have a lot in common . For, like added , " Same as in your country." I had been to a service of Christian him, what I want for my people and al I He said, " We are concerned about worship for members of the interna­ people is food and peace and jus­ food for our people. God has given us tional aid community led by a World tice. • sunshine to produce the crops. We Vision nurse from Canada and a The Rev. Frankl in P. Sm ith is executive don't want luxury cars and color TVs . Filipina physical therapist with the sec retary / pro gra m coord inator for We worry about food. I worry about American Friends Service Committee. UMCOR .

New World Outlook • May 1985 (241] 33 AN IOWA INGATHE:RING ME:AN~ ~HARING ists fro11 Deboroh Simon t-1 err day C hane Pitkin of Charles City, Iowa, Like the Biblical loaves and fishes buy it. They got the joy of owning it. ove1 } ~urned a $2 investment into a the gifts did indeed multiply to more Then twenty people got joy from it Hai growing enterprise last summer. First than $190,000 in cash and mission because the $1 00 bought twenty Uni he planted tomatoes, but when the supplies given at simultaneous lngath­ (Church World Service) blankets." mer crop fa iled Shane turned to gourds. At erings at Westmar and Iowa Wesleyan Now Barb said she "talks lngather­ Kan the end of the growing season he had College in eastern Iowa. ing year round " hoping to get fellow Wei doubled his investment. But the multiplication went far United Methodists involved. "I feel it's sen I But the money didn't go into the beyond money-the lngathering also so local," she commented. "You don't Rev 9-yea r-old entrepreneur's pocket. magnified mission awareness have to go to Des Moines for this like a bab Shane, like thousands of other United throughout the Iowa conference. The lot of conference things." T Methodists in Iowa, invested his Reverend Clair Kerns of the Hartley " Wholeness" is the word Barb Bill money in the fight against world United Methodist Church pointed out chose to describe the spirit of the anr hunger. His profits went into the I ngatheri ngs brings the mission field lngathering as churches band together sou offering plate at West St. Charles home to the local church. for missions. The team work has an wh1 United Methodist Church to be sent to "The lngathering helps the mem­ ecumenical purpose that reaches be­ turr the conference's Thanksgiving lngath­ bers of my congregation feel they have yond denominational bounds, added Mel ering. a stake in missions," Kerns said, Barb, pointing to mission projects low lngathering has become a special adding it is a unique opportunity to do which benefit such as Heifer Project Col opportunity for churches across Iowa something concrete for missions be­ International, Self Help, Inc. , and T and in other conferences which hold yond passing the offering plate. Goodwill Industries. thrE lngatherings to count their blessings by Colleen Huseby of Osage United "You get a lot of church unity out of th al sharing them with others. Methodist Church agreed. " We pray this," Barb said . " And awareness­ odi1 " Working together our gifts are for mission fields but this brings it into even the children learn about mis­ Th< multiplied," keynote speaker Norma our own backyard," she said. sions. " ste1 Kehrberg, Associate General Secretary " It makes us more aware of what is The lngathering does offer young low, of the United Methodist Committee on going on in the world around us to people in the church an opportunity to sent Rel ief, told the United Methodists who hear the mission speakers that have get involved in missions. At West St. gathered for the lngathering at West­ been there and seen it," Huseby said . Charles United Methodist Church mar College in northwest Iowa. " When you can get it firsthand like third grader Shane Pitkin and his this, it's tremendous. You are a part of Sunday school classmates took part in Mrs. Paul Stoel (left) and Mrs. Ed Miller it when you 're sitting here." "Manna Mania"-along with other (right) of Akron UMC examine some of Huseby said the 360 members of the church members they were given $2 the crafts on displays. Osage Church sent three heifers, 315 which they used their talents to pounds of used clothing and 69 health multiply into $3 ,880 for lngathering. kits to the lngathering this year. At Garner United Methodist Church During 1983 and 1984 the Osage 118 youth ranging from pre-school Church met its mission challenge for through high school set out to collect a the first time in its history and Huseby mile of dimes and ended up with gives the credit to the mission zeal $736.10. Garner UMYF member inspired by the lngathering. " I think a Linda Tessman , 16, said the project lot of it comes back to the lngather­ was particularly meaningful to her and ing," she said . other church youth, " because we could see what we were doing." "A Real Overwhelming Feeling" The Day Begins Early Barb Johnson of the 144-member Adaville United Methodist Church The day of the Westmar lngathering attended her first Thanksgiving In­ begins early as church members arrive gathering in 1983. " It was just a real in pickups and cars loaded with used overwhelming feeling," she said of the clothing, mission kits, quilts and experience . crafts. After registration, there is time Barb donated a baby quilt to the to wander from display table to table 1983 lngathering quilt auction. " That picking up information and talking to quilt brought me so much joy," she mission workers. recalled . " There was the joy of making The mission emphasis carries over it, then the joy of seeing somebody to the program where United Method- ists hear updates on work in the field June Goldman, who has been on the from workers. steering committee since the first year, Music and a special keynote speak­ called the lngathering a " unifying er heighten the mission spirit of the bond" between churches across the day. AtWestmar, lngatheringspeakers state. " We don't do a lot of things '' over the years have included Dr. Harry across district lines, " she said . " I think lng

New World Outlook • May 1985 [243] 35 The Iowa Conference's Hunger Task Force received $2 ,913 .68 to be used around the world in the fight against hunger. Ecumenical Mission Projects Beside Methodist mission projects, the lngathering sent money to several ecumenical mission projects. The Self-Help program will receive $5 ,206. 95 to send tractors to countries such as Pakistan and Mexico. The program's newest goal is to set up manufacturing plants in impoverished countries where the tractors can be made. The result-more industrial jobs, as well as a boost in the farm economy. Heifer Project International will also receive $1 4, 340 .4 3 from the 1984 lngatherings, as well as seven heifers, a cow, six gilts, a boar, ten chickens, several turkeys, fifteen rabbits and as s1 eight goats. (Some of the I ivestock was arOl donated by a Presbyterian lngathering are 1 held the same day as the United and Methodist Church lngatherings.) e l e~ Phyllis Allen of Akron (right) helped register the quilts, such as this one worked by Heifer Project sends the livestock to say~ United Methodist Women Theora DeWaay (left) and Dorothy Kaiser (center) of needy farmers in countries such as A Archer UMC. (Center) Used clothing and UMCOR kits were loaded into this semi, Uganda which received 126 heifers dev1 loaned for day. (Bottom) UMCOR executive Norma Kehrberg was the featured and seven bulls in September-ten of speaker. ago1 those animals were from Iowa. Other Thir another lngathering site will be added countries which have received live­ glol in south central Iowa. stock to upgrade herds include Boli­ pro I This year 214 churches took part in via, Turkey and Mexico. vi ct the Western Iowa lngathering at In addition to other mission pro­ Shri Westmar College in Le Mars. Another grams, Goodwill Industries received of t 276 churches took part at the eastern more than 20,000 pounds of used an Iowa lngathering held on the same day clothing gathered at the Westmar Lett at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount lngathering. " We definitely need inci Pleasant. things like the lngathering," said Jim ti on Through the combined giving the Bookheart, di rector of operations at resp United Methodist Committee on Relief the Sioux City Goodwi 11. " It usually em~ and Church World Service received takes us a month to fill our (semi) trailer The thousands of health, school and sew­ in Le Mars-from the lngathering we fani ing kits, and layettes. The kits are got that much in one day." our distributed in the 62 countries where UMCOR executive Norma Kehr­ sob mission stations are located. From the berg summed up the meaning of the c Westmar lngathering alone churches lngathering saying it gives United "Fo contributed 1,841 health kits; 1,213 Methodists " an avenue for action and school kits; 1,041 sewing kits and 395 increases the awareness of needs layettes. worldwide. In addition, UMCOR received $1 ,- " It's not just a Saturday morning 413 .18 from the lngatherings. Church gathering," she concluded . " These World Service received $42,067.86 people are brought together by A1 for blankets to be distributed. The quilt Christ. " • eo auction at Westmar alone brought in $6,005--enough to send blankets to Deborah Simon is a reporter, feature so/ 1,201 people through the Church w riter and photographer for the Le Mars World Service blanket appeal. Daily Sentinel in Le Mars, Iowa . - objective." Yet, Africa has suffe red a such directions for the Thi rd Worl d. loss of 15 percent in per capita income There is the danger of polarizing during the past ten yea rs, a drop in per incomes between ri ch and poor, capita food resources des pite th e nations and individuals; the danger of increase in agricultural tec hnology. restricting trade or cu rta i I ing produc­ Unlike many Third World politician s tion on beha lf of uneconomic " home who see development as a fraudulent industries;" the danger of usi ng inter­ promise and a failed program, Ram­ national agencies like the World Ban k phal placed major importance on and the International Monetary Fun d economic development and agricul­ to protect wealthy states by desta bi Ii z­ tural productivity. In the face of ing developing nations. enormous population growth which Nor does Ramphal denounce-and may triple the inhabitants of Africa admonish--only the super powers . between 1960 and 2000, potential No one is free of blame, he adm itted , Creighton Lacy food yield could increase more rapidl y but industrialized nations possess fa r than population, the speaker de­ greater resources to initiate and sustain clared. But the task involves so many change . One painful " sol ut ion " sacrifices, so many altered structures which he proposes for the enti re Are we si ck of " the Third and infrastructures, so many re­ world, including the United State s, is a World" and all that that vamped priorities, that the very " so­ reduction in ind ustrial expan sion in phrase represents in terms vereignty of African states wi 11 be at favor of food and other agricultural of crises and threats ? If we stake ." priorities. In our obsess ion with na­ are, it is partl y because we On the arms race , involving " well tional defense in military term s at the fancy ourselves as the First over $1 .5 million of military spending expense of international economic World, although Mao Ze­ every minute of every day," President justice and order, this country seems dong lumped the United Alphonsin of Argentina has remarked , to have abandoned human needs and States with the Soviet " We have lost the right to I ife." human rights, to sacrifice international Union (the Second World) Although our interdependence on a cooperation to narrow bilateral ism in as super powers throwing their weight global scale is clearly evident, govern­ trade, to reward friend s and pun ish around with disregard for those who ments refuse to acknowledge that enemies instead of seeking the com­ are crushed by our greed for economic logic in policies and practices. Ram­ mon good. and military power. ("When two phal cited nationalism as a " disturbing When all is said and done, " the elephants fight, the grass is trampled," trend ," obvious in the decline of world remains a field full of hope." says a Swahili proverb.) United Nations institutions, in the When elephants battle, Ramphal con­ A recent international conference rising clamor for protectionism, in the tinued, the grass is trampled in rich devoted three days to some of the disagreements among major powers countries as well as in poor. But " there agonizing issues which confront the even on military matters. On President is a powerful factor at work," he Third World-and the rest of the Reagan 's optimistic State of the Union affirmed , " people ." In Fi rst and Sec­ globe-as we constitute much of the message: " The world looks very differ­ ond and Third Worlds-in New Zea­ problem and are also among the ent from a casement window in the land, in West Germany, in the United victims. The keynote speaker was Oval Office or a food station in States, even " sti ll somewhat muted in Shridath Ramphal , Secretary General Chad .... Can the United States be all Eastern Europe" - voices are being of the Commonwealth, who received right if the rest of the world is not?" raised to proclaim : " Enough is an honorary doctorate of Humane Shridath Ramphal spoke as a friend enough ." Letters from Duke University. The and admirer of this country, a world The speaker did not mention re li­ incisive points and the direct quota­ statesman who longs to see the United gion . Whatever his person al fa ith , he tions are his; this columnist takes States fulfill its original dreams. He may well conclude from his position in responsibility for the selection and pointed with implicit approval to the international affa irs that it is an insi g­ emphasis applied to a brilliant speech . resurgence of liberal market econo­ nificant factor. Perhaps it is up to us The statistics-or many like them-are mies, even in such unlikely arenas as w ho bel ieve to say w ith the distraugh t familiarto us all ; the challenge " to see Eastern Europe or the People's Repub­ father, " Lord , I believe; help thou ourselves as others see us " wa s lic of China. Yet this trend toward freer mine unbelief. " Transfo rm our verbal sobering indeed. enterprise confronts many dangers, relief into pe rso nal practices and On the hunger crisis in Africa : not least from so-called cap ital ist national priori ties; red eem the unbe­ " Food for all is a perfectly realizable nations who should be encouraging lief w hi ch dominates our corporate ethics , our governmental policies, our bl ind rel ia nce on military might and fi nancial power . Beyond rel igi on, Ramphal closed A new international order must be based not merely on w ith a dire message : " We mu st love one another or die." By nuclear war or economic justice but on compassion, morality, human ma ss starvation, by narrow sel f-i nte r­ solidarity. est or ecological indifferen ce, we may choose to commit suicide. Or we ca n choose, practi cal ly and morally, to love one another. • The au th or ma rshals stro ng su pport ive What bothe rs me about Jane Hunter's exp! evidence th at the hunge r st rike of 1977-78, study is that she ma kes publ ic the private visit1 initiated by four women and supported by lives of dearly beloved missionaries, sees supr the churches , was the critical event in them as exporters of American Culture-of encc toppling the oppressive Banzer dictator- setting out to Western ize Ch ina-w hen nevi Books shi p. Regrettably, Dunke rley fails to note those missi onaries, I am certain, had a far and the important rol e th at Protestants, as wel l higher purpose. She goes further than to low! REBELLION IN THE VEINS as Roman Cathol ics, have exercised in the link the miss ionary movement with U.S. 11 By James Dunkerley. struggle for justice. imperialisti c interests; she states that expE Thetford Press, 1984. 385 pp., $9.50 Rebellion in th e Ve ins is a stimulating " mu ch as proponents of economic empire desc and most readable account of events that saw Asi a as a potential solution for true have si gn ificance fa r beyond the borders of domesti c problem s of surplus goods, so Eng l Bo livia, the landlocked Andean moun- Bolivia and the continent of Sou th Ameri- certa in women saw in missi on a potential hat, tain/Amazonian lowland country in the ca . solution for a more persona l problem .. . a Writ central part of South America which covers W 1Lso T. Boors tentative energy for which there w as no Mel an area as large as Spain and France acceptable market. " It may be true that Mari D r. Wilso n T. Boots is a form er m ission- combined, is widely noted for poverty and " conservati ve evangel istic missi onaries Chir pol itica l turmoil. Many reade rs of New ary in Bo livia and director of th e General found fulfillment overseas that more rad i- way World Outlook will remember that Bolivia Board of G lobal Minis tries. He is presently cal women found closer at home and in so buil1 was a la nd of witn ess and dec ision for se rving on the governing boa rd o f the doing broadened th e possi bi lities for Natio nal Council of the Churches o f Christ. elec Methodist mission outreac h more th an a women's lives and afforded new testimony Ja decade ago, and some will remember for their potentia l" (p. xvi), but ne ither care having sent telegra ms and letters to Bolivi- THE GOSPEL OF GENTILITY: AMERICAN quote defi nes the purpose of the miss ion- her an authorities seve ral years ago th at helped WOMEN MISSIONARIES IN TURN Of aries I knew. attit1 free from prison fo rmer Methodist bishop THE CENTURY CHINA M y fi rst reaction was to burn my own sion Marti mer Arias. letters, so that my experiences might not be By Jane Hunter. ists, Rebellion in the Veins is an engagi ngly Yale U niversity Press , 7984 . 31 8 pp. misi nterpreted because they were ex- by w r itte n fi nBte r 1~ r ~ t atifo n of the po1itic aJ I his- $25 .00 . aminbed from afpoint of view not my own. vali1 to ry o o 1v1a ram 1 9 5 2-82 . ames For earers o a superior culture, race befo Du nkerley is an EngJis h specialist in Lat in would become an ever present factor in forei American studies w ho evidences a de- Th e Gospel o f Gentility is a well-written relationships with the Ch inese; for bea rers tatio tailed and comprehen sive know ledge of study of American women missionaries in of the Love of God, it would be no barrier forl Bolivian economic and pol iti cal history. In China at the turn of the century. Much of at all. Ms. Hunter does not understand this is ir trac ing the development and inte rre lation the material is derived from the private when she writes , " Racia l pieties fi lled re mi of political movements and perso nalities papers of some forty women and the letters home, most of them denied the Vv

during these 30 years, it is noteworthy th at archi ves of the Congregational and Meth- signi fi cance of racial categories" (p. 163). mes ~ many of the sa me leaders such as Pres id ent odist Episcopal mi ssi on board s. Chapter No! When Mona Cheney wrote, " I love evid Hernan Siles Zuazo, fo rmer President One dea ls w ith the history of missi ons, the Ch inese folks, as I love Americans , as therl Victor Paz Estenssoro , and union leader Chapter Two with w hy women enlisted for ind ividual people. Except for the Ian- as sl Juan Lechin who had key roles at the fo re ign service. Chapters Three and Four guage, one very soon forgets to be sugg beginn ing are still at the ce nter of po litical contrast the experiences of single and conscious of race distinctions at all ," she livin life. married women and show how " both was tryi ng to share her joy of community as th Major attention is given to the mining found unexpected authority in their statu s w ith persons outside her own race w ith nom industry and the worke rs w hose political as Westerners in colonial Ch ina ." Chap- folks at home, who would have probably the! strength has bee n pivotal throughout the se ters Fi ve and Six say that mi ssionary not understood . Jessie Ankeny was doing their yea rs, but the autho r gives relativel y women in their homes, in the foreign the same th ing when she to ld her fam ily of new limited space and si gn ificance to the commun ity, and in Ch inese so ciety " expe- meeting an old Bible woman w ho rem ind- agra rian reform movement. Dunkerley' s rienced imperial gratification which un- ed her of her aunt. And aga in, w hen she bias toward the Part ido O brero Revolu- derm ined thei r habits of femin ine subordi- chanced to meet Caucasi ans in her remote Je cionario (PO R) is rather ma rked and nation." Chapter Seven judges " the im- station , it was not that they were Cauca- from reflected in his interpretive analysis of pact of women mi ssi onaries on their si ans that mattered but the opportunity to The directions for the future . Given the exte n- fe ma le students and converts." The After- speak Eng lis h. That her letter might not be sive documentation in this book to the word "speculates on the implications of mis understood , she added, " We are not co ntra ry, the read er is puzzled by the the China mission experien ce for com- superior to the yellow man " (p. 163) . author's " lea p of fa ith" at the very end parative American and Ch inese women' s Jane Hunter's preoccupation with cul- THE w hen he sta tes , " But w hat is certai n is that history." Thirty-e ight black and white tu re and ra ce bli nds her to the fa ct that By f a massive pol itical movement for socialism illustrations portray the past as no words these two miss ionaries were making an Pant has acqui red exceptionally strong roots can . The notes on pages 273-303, fol- affi rmation, not a denial. Je ssi e An ken y's and remains a vital possibility." lowed by " Notes on Sources," make ch ildren and grandchildren understood . If One of the many helpful areas of interesting reading and reve al the care Her th ird son , Carleton La cy, in 1941 , at actic Dunkerley's impressive scholarshi p is his historian Jane Hunter has used in produc- the Uniting Conference of Method is m in havi documentation of how U nited Sta tes po l it- ing this scholar ly work. Ch ina , refused to perm it his name to be reac ical and economic interests have often I am unable to review th is book objec- ba lloted for the office of bi shop unti l two autf frustrated and subverted Bolivian efforts to tively beca use I relate to the missi onary Chinese had been elected . M s. Hunter has lice deal with critical issu es, at ti mes with the movement in Chi na, not as an U.S. overlooked the fact that, for us mi ssi on- Pete State Department and Pentago n si multan- hi storian in 1984 interested in the role of aries, the reality of the " Fatherhood of new eously pursuing opposite policies, which women and their struggle for liberation but God" and the " Brotherhood of Man" his 1 have had tragic consequences for Bol ivia . as an educational miss ionary of the Meth- became a vi tal , da ily expe rien ce; ra ce was the. The struggle for human rights in Bolivia has odist Ep iscopal Church, South , in Ch ina no barrier at all. indu been costly and discouraging, and the 1929-1951 . Jane Hunte r w rites after care- Her descri ption of life in si ng le-women's clud author acknowledges that religious groups ful exam ination of " printed word s"; I from houses .. . everything shared , even bed- often have stood alone in defending ex perience. M ay my "words" comple- room s; no privac y; dominating perso nali- ernn lion!

illlld38lelm l olllcrlal[246]tilcl rligl hltlsl. lllllllllllllllllllllNew World Outlook• May 1985m lelnltlhlelrls.llllllllllllllllllllllllllltilesl;lleltcl.llisllclolmllpleltelllyllfolrleliglnlltolllmlylllll...... 1 M i experience. All such residences in which I visited , including my own, housed a support ive community. Each woman was encouraged to be herself. Bedrooms were never shared . We enjoyed both privacy and togetherness ; freedom and good fel­ lowship reigned . I do not be lieve that Zoumay Tchang's tian experience in her Tients in school in 1908 described by Jane Hunter was universally true . Th is poor girl studied everything in Eng lish, wore European cloth es , even a hat, and learned to eat as foreigners do. perspectives Written records show that from the day McTyeire School, Shanghai , opened in March 1892, girls were encouraged to be Chinese, to fi nd in the Gospel of Love a way of life, to prepare themsel ves to help on omens build a new China. English and music were electives; Chinese was required. Jane Hunter should be thanked for her carefully documented study, which forces her readers to question pa st motives, JSS~~S attitudes, and actions. In exposing mis­ ooo I Sooo sionaries as tool s of Western expansion­ is ts , exporters of Western culture, backed by imperialistic governments, she has GOD THE ONLY validated the claim of the Ch ine se masses , THE CHURCH AND before and after 1949, that Christia nity is a RELIABLE WOMEN IN THE foreign religion related to Western exploi­ FATHER? tation. Hopefu I ly, she had made it easier THIRD WORLD for 1984 U .S. citizens to understand why it Edited by John C. B. DIA:\E TE:\:\15 is imperative that the Church in China and Ellen Low Webster rema in separated from its Western roots. What was the impact of the missio nary The contributors to this book- women and men, Protestants and message? Ms. Hunter fi nd s no good Catholi cs, from the third world as well as the first-explore issue evidence to an swer this question becau se that affect the image of women, the ir role in the church, and their there is no Ch inese archival materi al such status. They bring together two majo r concerns of the church, as she found in miss ion archives. May I suggest that the answer is found in the overseas missions and the role of women, and examine these con­ living witness of Chinese Christians today cerns from an ecumenical perspective. Paper, S9 .95 (Tentative) as they worship and work in their post-de­ nominational Three-Self Church and, at IS GOD THE ONLY RELIABLE FATHER? the same time, .struggle side by si de with by Diane Tennis their non-Christian ne ighbors to build a new China. While challenging women and men to rethink their relationship JEAN F. CRAIG with God and with each other, Diane Tennis urges Christians not to abandon the Father image of God. This provocative boo k brings into Jean F. Craig was a missionary in China focus biblical understandings of God, who transcends patriarchal from 19 29 -195 1. She is an interpreter of The United Methodist China Program . models, and presents Jesus as a feminist and an example for contem­ porary males. Pape r, S7.95 (Tentative)

THE SMOKE RING WOMEN, FAITH, AND ECONOMICJUSTICE By Peter Ta ylor. Edited by Jackie M. Smith Pantheon Books, 1984 . 329 pp ., $18 .95. Using a workbook format, the author challenges women to become more involved in the economic realities that affect the li ves of all If you have ever wondered why the members of the human family. Ideal for use in workshops, retreats, actions taken against cigarette smoking or study groups, this boo k can also be used effective ly by have not been more effective and far­ reachi ng in the two decades si nce med ical individuals. Paper, S7.95 (Tentative) authorities first formally indicted the prac­ tice as a major public health problem, Available from your local bookseller or direct from the publisher Peter Ta ylor proposes some answers in his (please include Sl.00 per book for postage and handling). new book, The Smoke Ring. He pre se nts his description of a ma ss ive conspiracy, the " smoke ring," to protect the tobacco industry from harm . The co nspiracy in­ cludes th e rich toba cco companies, gov­ ernments, politicians and the communica­ tions med ia. Mr. Taylor, an Englishman, outlines the effects of the " smoke ring" primarily in industry can bring great pressu re on energetic anti-smoking campa igns. He redt England and the U.S. He points out how newspapers and other med ia. Mr. Taylor also shows how Joseph Califano, Secreta ry mill important tobacco was to early America says that even such giants as The Sunday of Health , Education and Welfa re and a thOl and therefore to Eng la nd , also. The mod­ Times (London) have been discouraged vigorous opponent of smoking, presented mill ern industry is dominated by six giant from printing articles about the dangers of problems for Pres ident Carter, who needed cau! multinationa l companies in the U .S., smoking. Advertisi ng of tobacco ha s been the votes of the tobacco states in the 1980 hav1 England and South Africa . Ta ylor says that banned in Scand inavian countries and election. Mr. Califano was replaced as soci they en joy profits of $3 bi llion a year. Most partially banned in other areas. The sec retary in mid-1979. WOL of them have diversified into non-tobacco tobacco companies see such re strictions as He says the Reagan ad ministration, tob< interests . Some Third World countries serious threats, so Ta ylor says that their eager to keep the support of the tobacco loss have government-owned tobacco com­ representatives have fought efforts to ban states , has tried to keep its surgeon general WOl pan ies . The companies have created orga­ advertising in Austral ia , the U.S. and other and sec retary of health and human se rvices cho nizations such as the Tobacco Institute in countries. from endangering that support with anti­ mac the United States to protect their interests . Po liticians enter the picture because of tobacco programs. Fina lly, Taylor says that ohe Communications media become in­ the ever-present poss ibility of government governments become involved in the T. volved because of the $2 bil lion that Mr. action aga inst smoking. Taylor says that in "smoke ring" because of the enormous smo Ta yl or says the companies spend globally 1974, Dr. David Owen, British M inister of financial benefits of jobs and taxes that busi each year to promote tobacco use. With Health, became an embarrassment to the come from tobacco sales and consump­ pris1 the power of such large sums of money, the Conse rvative government because of his tion. He shows how some countries' only says action toward tobacco is to promote its oft production and use . mor CHRISTIAN ENCOUNTERS WITH THE EAST Other governments, such as in the U .S., that condemn the health dangers of tobacco upo but subsidize its production. Taylor says D BUDDHISM MADE PLAIN n o ~ An Introduction for Christians and Jews that governments often consider money to It by A TO Y FER A DO with LEO ARD SWIDLER be more important than health . He cites a th e With 100 new Buddhist temples each yea r in the United Stat es stud y ca rried out by sen ior officials of the and there is a clea r need for a reliable introductio n to Buddhism . British government and publ ished in The con Buddhism Made Plain presents an understandable, mea ning­ Guard ian in 1980. The report said that if ful explana tio n· o f the hea rt o f Buddhism with a sympathetic the current level of smoking was not comparison to the hea rt o f the Judaeo-Christian traditio n. A reduced , one-and-a-half million Br itons superb introducto ry text. 176 pages !9.95 Paper Jc would die prematurely by the year 2000. seer They calculated that if smoking could be D EASTERN PATHS AND tries THE CHRISTIAN WAY al B by PA L CLASPER " This is a se nsitively and well-written book o n o ne of the most significa nt issues o f o ur day, ecumenism amo ng world religio ns." -Catholic Library World 144 pages S5.95 Paper D GOD'S CHOSEN PEOPLES b y WALBERT BUHLMANN " Explo res and reinterprets the theme o f election, ex­ amining it fro m biblica l , histo rica l, comparat ive reli­ gion, and theological viewpo ints. W hen electio n o f all peoples is understood does the message of revelatio n come clear. " - The Bible Today 320 pages !8.95 Paper D LIVING THEOLOGY IN ASIA Edited by JOHN C. E G LAND To hea r A ian Christians and their co ncerns the editor has col­ lected short significa nt writings by twenty-four autho rs. They -~ =~~ " .t". .. t--*'A.. U•~ "!- ...... _. · come from the Philippines , Ko rea, China, j apan, India, Sri -s .. - ~ ~»i N...,.._tl ~'"'W: ~'A l:t.t .ll~',W.t•,1 -.,, Lanka, Indonesia , Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma. An inva luable ;w .~~·, ...... ~ .• J !AW»: M!C"'-t~ ~~-Y<-:.e ~{11..., f«.ft resource for encountering the ri chness of Asian Christianity. ~ ... ,,( j> ~ - jilo~~ - ~ ~~~·i:;.. t.... ~ i~~-w~,....,.,: ~ 248 pages ! 9.95 Paper ...... ~-....- :\.)eo' !;·...... ~ -!';N~' 0 r ORBiSBOOKS, Maryk;'oU.-NYi'o545 ORoERFORM , ...... , WN5 I ___Buddhism Made Plain @ S9.95 ~ I ___ Eastern Paths and the Christian Way @ S 5.95 ___ God's Ch osen Peoples @ S8.95 I ___ Living Theology In Asia @ S 9 .95 0 Send Catalog I For information, I I write or call ADDRESS ------Appliances I CITY ______STATE ______Z IP ------I 0 l'ay rn cnt cndo, c:d (include: SI :~O for .,hipping) 0 Ma,tcrC•rtl 0 V ISA ( 15 .00 rnin .) Overseas~ Inc. At:c. 'o . ______Exp. tbtc ______I 330 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10001 I (212) 736-7860 \ ~iKn a tur c: ------J Please refer to Dept. D ....__ ------_ _,,,, 40 [248] New World Outlook • May 1985 reduced by 20 percent, a quarter of a EDUCATION FOR SPIRITUAL GROWTH in " urture in Spirituality," a chapter million lives could be saved. But even By Iris V. Cully. which deta ils different stages of life devel­ though the government would save fou r Harper & Row, 7984 . 208 pµ ., $73 .95 . opment and how each stage can be million pounds in health care costs be­ encouraged to grow spiritua lly. cause of the reduced smoking, it would When St. Augustine wrote " Thou hast This chapter would be especially helpful have to pay 12 million more pounds in made us for thyself; and our hearts are to families, small groups such as United social security payments to people who restless u nti I they find their rest in thee," he Methodist Women, and whole congrega­ would survive. When lost taxes from did not have our twentieth-century world tions as they seek to find ways to grow tobacco sales and jobs were added, the in mind. But, as Iris V. Cully reminds us in closer to God in these troubli ng times. loss of money to the British government Education for Spiritual Growth, hearts A E B ROYLES would be 150 million pounds. When such today are restless in ways Augustine could choices between money and lives are never have imagined. We face the possi­ Anne Bro yles, an elder in the Pacific and made, Tayler says that governments too bility of nuclear holocaust; we struggle Southwest Conference, recently spent time often tend to choose money. with how to be active in our world while at Pendle Hill, PA during her sabbatical. The Smoke Ring is not an attack upon still ma intaining time for the spiritual side She produced the filmstrip Peru : Hope in smoking but a treatise about a huge of our being. the M idst of Struggle for the General Board busi ness enterprise and how that enter­ Spi ritual growth does not just " happen." of Global Ministries in 7 982. prise affects millions of people. The author Cully w rites, " The spiri tual life must be says that he does not sup port a prohibition cultivated. Cultivation is a process of of tobacco products, but he does want nurture and education. Spirituality is never LEMON SWAMP AND OTHER PLACES : A more control of its advertisement in order a product. It is a process evidenced in a CAROLINA MEMOIR that consumers can make choices based lifestyle. " By Mamie Carvin Fields with Karen Fields . upon more information than they receive In her book, Cully gives a good intro­ The Free Press, 7983 . 250 pp. $76.75. now. duction to the variety of trad itions and It is likely that the reader who will enjoy ind ividuals which have been influential in Mamie Garvin Fie lds was born on the book most is one who does not smoke the spiritual development of Christianity, August 13, 1888 in Charleston, South and who believes in the effects that Juda ism and the Eastern rel igions. She Carol ina where she lives today. A descen­ conspiracies have upon history. po ints out that each of us can grow dent of slaves, Mrs. Fields graduated from )OHN A. M URDOCK spi ritually through the example of another Methodist-based Claflin College and later pe rso n, religious traditions, conscious ef­ ta ught sc hool in South Carolina. Well John A. Murdock is the associa te ge neral fo rts to develop the spi ritual life and known throughout the region for her secretary of the Health and Welfare Minis­ through the work of the Holy Spirit in our religious and civic activism, Mrs. Fields at tries Program Department with the Gener­ lives. age 95 has to her cred it a list of citations too al Board of Global Ministries. Cully, a religious educator, is at her best numerous to note.

For Witness and Mission

Our 1985-88 Missional Priority Provides opportunities for : • Witness and evangelism • Leadership developm ent • Discipleship • Structural linkages • Liturgical enrichment • Facilities construction • Outreach ministries and utilization Black pride, commitment, and scholar- says: " When I told about the abol itionists School , it was called . " Lala gave us th ings A hip are attributes of Mrs. Fields passed on coming down to train Negro pa stors and that you didn't get in public school-not out to her gra nddaughter Dr. Karen Fie lds , establish churches, I didn't want to sa y that from southerners or northerners," Mrs. stuC w ho te ac hes sociology at Bran de is Unive r­ our family had to wait for them before we Fields points out. " Every Friday we had Lem sity and has collaborated with her grand ­ became Chri stian s. We belonged even Bible read ing .. . . Lala started us off so aroL mother in the te ll ing of th is splend id before slavery was over. Mother wor­ one day we could be Bible teachers in our as I\ memoir. Other than a brief introduction sh i pped at St . Jame s Methodist church schools. She gave us a very good cou and summation, Ms . Fiel ds stands bac k Church. . . . But she and her parents basis in spelling, arithmetic, and especial­ Swa and allows her grandmother to do the belonged to that church and didn't belong ly in geography . . .. Lal a made it easy for Chr, story-telli ng-and story-te lling she does! to it; all the black people were made to sit us to learn even the difficult foreign names bu il Lemon Tree And Other Places is the upstairs in the gallery. just the same way by us ing songs and rh ythm . The same in er. I chronicle of a blac k America n fa mily's Negroes had to sit upsta irs in the movie arithmetic. We learned the times table in for history in th is country. houses when we got those in Charleston. songs and rh ythm ." whi M amie Garvi n Fields' roots begin w ith We called the upstairs their 'buzzard's At M iss Izzy's school , Mamie Garvin gen an uncle, J. B. M iddleton, who ra ised her roosts'-well the churches had their 'buz­ first heard the stories of the slave J. B. A mother as a daughter. Born in Africa and zard's roosts' too .... " Middleton. " Miss Izzy," Mamie Garvin first sold into sl avery, M iddleton became a She continues her story w ith how a recal ls, " taught us how strong our ances­ pub val et to his master's son s who shared their Reverend Lewis came from the North w ith tors back in slavery were and what fine allo lesso ns w ith him, even when they were a group of freedmen and declared before people they were. I guess today people she sent off to Oxford. This slave later taught the segregated church gathering that there would say she was teaching us black it's. his sons, who taught their sisters and other were no galleries in heaven . He told the history." hea slaves. " Some would steal away to teach black congregants that he would build Friends of Africa. During Mamie Gar­ surE and some would steal away to learn," them a church where they could worship vin's sen ior year at Claflin, Mrs. Moorer and Mamie Fields reca lls being to ld as a ch ild. in dignity if they would fol low him. Thus organized " The Friends of Africa ." spe1 At the end of the Ci vi l War, two uncles began Wesley Methodist. Shortly after the Through this organization, Mamie Fields par were sent by the abolitionists for formal church was established , a school was first became intere sted in servi ng as a Swi education and later became Methodist added where adults and children were missionary in Africa . Upon graduating, she ministers. Throughout her life, the church taught. took the required training and was pre­ has played a major ro le and is a continu ing Mamie Garvin's own early education pared to go but was dissuaded by her infl uence for Mamie Fields and her de­ came from her uncle J. B. Middleton's parents who did not favor the idea. Mrs. ass i scendents. granddaughter, Lala Izzy. The only and Fields would learn so me years later when Cul Early Black Methodism. Mrs. Fields cherished daughter of one of Mamie she met Mary Mcleod Bethune that this Ge1 gives a po ignant picture of what early Garvin's uncles, Lala Izzard taught school woman had also desired to se rve as a autl black Methodism was like in the South. Of from a private facility built by her father in missionary in Africa. In Mrs. Bethune's Ha i the struggle surround ing segregation, she back of the family's home . Miss Izzy's case , the church, after sending her for missionary training, simply wrote (i n re­ spo nse to her request) " that there was no place in Africa for the Negro missionary." Like Mrs. Bethune, Mamie Garvin settled for mission work at her door, ded icating her life to the education of blacks. Powerful testimony Mrs. Bethune is but one of the many that God provides steady prominent blacks to cross Mamie Fields' navigation through stormy path. But Mamie Fields clea rly sees great­ ness in persons of all stations. With the seas. same demeanor in which she remembers the famous who've touched her life, she Nuclear winter ... Latin Ameri­ speaks of a " Mr. Fludd , Di ck Singleton, ca . .. divorce ... child abuse ... Henry Burden , Plenty Jackson , and and on and on. The world is an Charles Whaley" -men who came uncertain place. forward to help build a playground in But William H. Hinson, senior James Island where she was teaching. pastor of the largest United Meth­ Telling of a bus trip where she took odist Church anywhere, shows students to a state fair, she says , " We didn't the "wordly-weary" that uncer­ just bus up to Columbia just any kind of tainty and doubt can be over­ way. The children went in uniforms, dark come. In Solid Living in a skirts and white blouses for the girls, white Shattered World, Hinson shirts and dark ties for the boys. The demonstrates how the Scrip- mothers' sewing group made those uni­ tures are fresher and more forms out of scraps I collected at a factory relevant than anything out of Time magazine. in town that was making things for the Only God , he says , can provide that oft­ @ Cokesbury government. " sought but seldom-found pillar of stability; he Satisfaction guaranteed! Price subject to change. Transponation There is so much in the telling of Mrs. can instill confidence in the midst of despair extra. Add sales tu if applicable. Fields personal story that needs to be ORDER FROM THE COKESBURY for any who listen to him . SERVICE CENTER SERVING YOUR AREA: shared with young people of all back­ Hinson's new book is an important rallying 1661 N. Nonhwest Highway o Park Ridge, IL 60068 grounds-but espec ially black youth . For Phone 3121299-4411 here is a clear and honest recording of a call for Christians everywhere who seek to 1635 Adrian Road o Burlingame, CA 94010 proud heritage textbooks seldom reveal. have their lives transformed into beacons of Phone 415/692·3562 Few young blacks know of the high certainty and wholeness . 201 Eighth Ave .• South o P.O . Bo• 801 o Nashville, lN 37202 Abingdon. Phone 615n 49·6113 standards and goals their ancestors set for AOl -390486. $8.95 Onler toll he: l·llCJ0.672·1789. Use your Coke.bury Account, American Express, Visa, or MasterCard. Call Monday-Friday, themselves . Few understand how they ~4 Central time or 8-4 Pacific time. For personal service, call P-096-NWO your Cokesbury store. honor them when they follow in th is trad ition.

42 [250] New World Outlook • May 1985 A Masterpiece. As church schools seek An 'Uncommonly Good ' Issue out new and interesting study materials for Just a note to say I thought your January, students, I would highly recommend 1985 special issue on women was uncom­ Lemon Swamp. Lesson plans can be drawn monly good. around reading this book for its historical Like any editor, you run the risk in any as well as spiritua l value. Women's groups spec ial issue, page , spread , etc. , offencing could fi nd much to disc uss from Lemon out the reader(s) not intere sted in that Swamp as it speaks directly to the vital role subject. But I pred ict and hope that th is Christian women have always played in issue will rece ive the high readership building and holding communities togeth­ which it deserves . er . Finally, I would suggest Lemon Swamp Letters Thanks for once more reminding us for any serious reader who has gone a what a role the various spec ialized jour­ while without finding a book that she or he nals of the church can serve . genuinely doesn't want to end . John A Lovelace Again , honors to her granddaughter who Managing Editor first recogn ized the value of th is story being An Appropriate Celebration The United Methodist Reporter published-and so wisely and grac iously Let me congratulate you and the entire al lowed her grandmother to tel I the story as staff of New World Outlook on the 75 years she did. The narrative flows so smoothl y of publishing you began in January. The A Thoughtful Challenge it's as though the reader is sitting in a room unique place that your publication has had The January, 1985 issue of New World hearing it told aloud in a single setting. I'm in the life and work of The United Outlook is superb-and magnificent prep­ sure , however, that it took careful editing Methodist Church is an appropriate matter aration and orientation for those going to and selection of material , as well as the of celebration, and on behalf of all of the the Nairobi meeting. I appreciate the special skills that comes with Karen Fields' employees of The United Methodist Pub­ positive information and al l the questions particular profess ion to make Lemon lishing House, we congratulate you and still posed . I have ordered extra copies to Swamp the masterpiece it is. wish you well in the years ahead. share with my non-Methodist friends B RENDA W ILKINSON We in Nashville look forward to a working in the areas of women's rights and continuing partnership as you extend your concerns. Brenda Wilkinson, an administrative service in futu re years. Again, thank you , for the resource. I am assistant in the Mission Education and Again , congratulations on your 75th gratified for my roots (fo r 50 yea rs) in a Cultivation Program Department of the ann iversa ry and best wishes . church that provide this ki nd of thoughtful General Board of Global Ministries, is Robert K. Feaster challenge. author of the Ludell trilogy publ ished by President and Publisher Irene S. Butterworth Harper & Row. United Methodist Publishing House Honolulu, Hawaii

CHURCHES HELPING TO BUILD CHURCHES The United Methodist Church in East Moriches. New York. is one of 498 churches investing in the United Methodist Develop­ ment Fund. The trustees. pictured here. con­ sider that an investment in UMDf is good stewardship because the fund makes low­ cost loans to build and renovate churches. This enables growing congregations to ex­ tend their outreach and put the Gospel to Church Trustees: front row. Rev. Irving Terwilliger: Walter Smith: 1'1rs. l'fae work in their communities. Werner: 1'1rs. Lorraine Fossett. secretary-treasurer: back row. E. llewellyn Reeve. president: Josef Lemmen. vice-president: Vernon Havens; John Ruggiero: Robert Does your church have money to invest? Warner. Is it working to help another church build lxs. Nova Langsto~ and expand its ministry while earning 9.5 % UNITED .METHODIST DEVELOPMENT FUND interest for your church? Write today for 475 Riverside Drive. Room 303-R4 New York. N.Y. 10115 further information. NA.ME ______ADDRESS ______

I CITY ------STATE __ ZIP ____ The offering is made by Prospectus only. limited to states where A free videotape on the fund is available. Please write to schedule. the fund is exempt or re¢ered Call or write for a free prospectus I and further information. (Phone 212-870-3856) Date: format:------Something to Share on . Women in all our deno minations and Thank ou for the articles ( ovemb r, communions wiJI be challenged by thi s 1984, WO) on Deaf Mini trie , and readable survey. Jean Stromberg's article Healing and the handicapping condition. about women in mission was especially Holl Elliott has done mu h good in helpful (with it reference to CWU) in haring her work. We thank her for her focusing attention on a contemporary work and h r writing . The pi tu res ofThe definition of mi ssio n. Thanks so much fo r United Methodi t Congress of the Deaf putting this into print. CWU will be listing included with the article add d to the this as a resource. I do hope you have extra intere t. Thi fine group ha omething to copies available fo r sale. share , and M . Elliott has sha red well. Doris Anne Younger A Carolyn Knowle General Director Community UMC Ch urch Women United Dayton, Ohio New York, N . Y. R Women in Miss ion Metro Ministry ar i e ~ I wa delighted, surprised and plea ed Our thanks to you and your staff fo r the for' when five copies of the January, 1985 i ue article on Metro Ministry in the ovember, year of New World Outlook arrived on my 1984 iss ue of New World Outlook. We are tat iv de k. I could quickly see that it focused on grateful for the opportunity to have our aske the International Decade for Women and sto ry to ld throughout the co nnection. M it impact on the world. Then I took a qu ick We appreciate the interesting and infor­ A WOMAN'S GUIDE TO Goo look at the table of contents and aw a mative way you tell the sto ry of United to s superb collection of topics and wel 1- Methodism's global outreach . MONEY MANAGEMENT Chri cho en authors. Harry H . Smith But Read ing thi issue was xciting. You Executive Director Managing Our Money: Workbook prin certainly pulled together a significant Metro Ministry on Women and Personal Finances clai collection of materia I for women tor fleet St. Louis, MO (#4423) by Joyce 0. Sohl gives thar women basic information on men budgeting, insurance, taxes, property ownership, financial planning, retire­ Qi ment planning, estate planning and mea much more. Ar The book is for individual or group re ly use. Worksheets and assignments gate. help readers apply the information to Mos their personal situation . Models and than suggestions are presented for plex1 workshops of one hour or one day. lead1 A wealth of additional resources aries are in the appendices. At gift-giving who time it's a thoughtful and practical present that a woman would value. Only $3.95.

Service Center 7820 Reading Road BORN TO GIVE­ Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 Please send me: BORN TO GROW Copies of Managing Our The Advance has been our of you first sa w in " Born to Money: Women and Personal Finances. church's program of second­ Give:· as she continues her (#4423) By Joyce D. Sohl. mile giving for 36 years, and spiritual growth. Discover w ith For postage and han.dling, it's still growing. In 1984 United Susan how you ca n embark on add to order: Methodists gave more than $25 a journey in faith through par­ $ 3.01 - $10, add 15% of total million for the work of Christ ticipation in the Advance. $10.01 - $25, add 10% of total Over $25, add 5% of total. and the church through the To borrow the videotape, If billing is requested, $1 .50 Advance. contact your annual conference billing fee is added. " Born to Give- Born to fi lm librarian or call EcuFilm in Total. Grow" will help you celebrate N as hville, Tenn., [I that record of giving and will (800 ) 25 1-40 9 1; encourage you to continue Tennessee residents Address ______supporting the Advance. The call collect, (6 15) 16-minute videotape features 242-6277 ~ ______Zip ____ 12-year-old Susan, whom many NW-2

44 [252] New World Outlook • May 1985 Question: Why do they say " no" to Shenyang, Fuzhou , and Beijing. Besides missionaries? basic orientation in the Bible and in Answer: Because the future of Chris­ theology, attention is given to foreign tianity in China could be at stake. During languages, music and art. To meet the the past 36 yea rs the Christians have needs of those who cannot attend the succeeded in bu ilding a positive attitude theological schools , a correspondence towards Christianity w ithin China . Chris­ cou rse is offered through which some ti ans have suffered and persevered 40,000 persons receive study-course ma­ throughout the development of their own terials eac h quarter. country in these difficult years. Th e Chris­ About Missions tian chu rch is now looked upon as a Question: Is the Bible printed in China ? Chinese Church-not the instrument of Answer: Yes, the printing of the Bible Western missionaries. Therefore, it seems has been a top priority of the China best for missionaries to stay away from Christian Council. In Nanjing alone there Ruth and Carlisle Phillips were mission­ China in order to allow the church a were 300,000 copies of th e Bible prin ted aries in China for four years, in Hong Kong chance to grow and develop under the in 1983. More than one million copies of for a year and a half, and in Taiwan for 25 care of the Chinese Christian leaders. the Bible were printed in 1984. Plans are years . We are happy to have such authori­ under way for the printing of Bibles that tative voices respond to questions being Question: Who are the leaders respo n­ include the Concordance, for those who asked about China today. sible for spreading the Gospel in China? are students and pastors. Missionaries of old who brought the Answer: Of course, spreading the Good Good News to China would be delighted News is the respons ibi lity of eve ry Ch ris­ Question: How is the Church develop­ to see the fervor and joy with which tian . However, there are two church ing in China today? Christians are serving God in China now. organizations who direct and coordinate Answer: In China today the Church is But how would they feel about the the work of the local congregations: the not divided into the former traditional principle of self-propagation that is pro­ Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee denominations. The China Christian claimed by the Chinese today? With and the China Christian Council. One of Council has encou raged Ch ristians to thanksgiving and joy? Or with bewilder­ the main tasks of the Christian Council is respect each other's traditions but to fol low ment? the training of church workers and the a united " post-denominational " pattern printing of the Bible and other Christian for worship and work and training. Question: What does self-propagation literature. Chinese speaking Western visitors to mean? China who have taken time to observe and Answer: It means that the Chinese will Question: How are the church worke rs study the church and its activities say that rely on their own resources to propa­ trained? the church in China ha s deep spiritual gate-to spread-the Gospel in Ch ina. Answer: Church workers and pasto rs are roots and is developing a strong evangelis­ Most missio naries will rejoice and give trained in national and regional theologi­ ti c fervor that will continue to make an thanks fo r this, but some will feel per­ cal schools. There are now four semin­ impact on China's society. plexed because the Chinese Christian aries. The Nanjing Union Theo logica l If you have further questio ns, please leaders have said " no" to foreign mission­ Semina ry was the first to re-open . There contact the United Methodist China Pro­ aries and overseas Chinese missionaries are about 180 students enrolled there. The gram, Room 1538; 475 Riverside Dr. , who would like to go and help. other three seminaries are located in New York, NY 101 15.

11There's A World Out There!''

As United Methodists we " There's A World Out There" have many ways to say "we is a new color, sound film­ care!" Discover how World strip illustrating the work Service and other benevo­ of The United Methodist lence funds of the church Church - your work! express your caring worldwide. To secure this new benevo­ lence filmstrip for use in Discover what each of the your congregation, contact church askings provides in your annual conference mission and ministry in the resource library or EcuFilm name of Jesus Christ. in Nashville, Tenn. e WORLD SERVICE - giving starts a chain reaction! Call ..••. ~~ .u.~ CLASSIFIED

NEW WORLD OUTLOOK CLASSIFIED is a regular featu re designed as an exchange between subscribers and to help su bsc ribers. Ra tes fo r reader-type ads are 75 cents per word (m inimum c harge $ 15). Post Office NEXT Box numbers and telephone numbers count as two words each; abbreviations and zip codes count as one word . Send all copy (with MONTH Nelli c heck/money order) six weeks prior to month of issue to : NEW WORL D 15th OUTLOOK CLASSIFIED, 4 75 Riversi de Drive, Room 1349, New York, .Y. 10115. For information/rates relative to all other advertisi ng please write/call: JUNE NEW WORLD OUTLOOK WILL BE A SPECIAL ISSUE Phi The Allan E. Shubert Company, 198 Allendale Road , King of Prussia , PA ON THE MISS ION STUDY THEME, " CARING FOR GOD'S 19406 (215) 265-0648. EARTH." IT WILL INCLUDE A BIBLICAL AND THEOLOGI­ CAL' VIEW BY JOHN B. COBB, JR ., OF THE CLAREMONT Feb. SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY, AND A WORLD OVERVIEW OF GBGM POSITIONS OPEN ASSISTANT TREASURER for World Program ECOLOGICAL TRENDS, BY LESTER BROWN , PRESIDENT As Division, Genera l Board of Global Minis- OF THE WORLDWATCH INSTITUTE. inlo The following executive positions are ava il- tries . I able at the General Board of Global Minis- OTHER ARTICLES INCLUDE: A LOOK AT THE IMPOR­ rr tries. Letters of application and resumes PROJ ECT OFF ICER, Un ited Methodist Com­ TANCE OF WATER, BY HEALTH AND WELFARE MINIS­ a li~ should be sent to John J. Dalton, Personne l mittee on Re lief Program Dept. June 1, 1985 . TRIES PROGRAM DEPARTMENT EXECUTIVE JOHN A. Adm inistrator, Room 1476, General Board MURDOCK; THE LAW OF THE SEA, BY WOMEN'S DIVISION pro of Global Ministries , The United Methodist REAL EST ATE RENTALS/SALES ~ Church, 475 Rive rs ide Drive, ew York, STAFF MEMBER BARBARA A WEAVER; LAND USE IN APPALACHIA, BY MALIK S. REAVES; FARMING AND .Y. 10115. HOUSE, POCONO MTS ., 3 BR , fully fu rn ., DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA, BY WORLD DIVISION PERSON The General Board of Global Ministries is an wrap-around patio, lakeview, 1 Y2hrs . NYC, IN MISSION JOSEPH KEYS ; AND FARMING IN THE de Equa l Opportunity Emp loyer. 15 mins . Camel Back Mts. , ski resort . BOLIVIAN JUNGLE, BY WENDY MCFARREN, EDITOR OF Excellent sk ii ng in winter . Swimming, boat­ THE BOLIVIAN METHODIST EVANGELICAL CHURCH MAG ­ N BOARD PLANNER, Genera l Admi ni stration. ing, tennis, horseback riding, camping faci ­ AZINE ; y COORDI ATOR OF MISSION Lead ers, li ties nea rby. 5 mins. to shops. Monthly, word. Mission Education & Cultivation Program weekl y, week-end , long-term rates. Contact : ALSO : AN UPDATE ON LOVE CANAL BY UNITED METHOD­ mj Dept. Immediate. G. Patterson (212) 559-5825 . Weekdays IST MINISTER JAMES BREWSTER, COORDINATOR OF THE after 6 pm : (212) 864-8049. ECUMENICAL TASK FORCE THERE ; AND AN ARTICLE ON EDITOR, PROGRAM RES OU RCES , Mission U.S. FARMING BY WOMEN'S DIVIS ION MEMBER (AND Se Education & Cu ltivation Program Dept. FAR MER) NAOMI CHRISTENSEN. tra Immed iate . SECRET ARIES NO FEE

EDITOR, Spanish Language Resources, Mis­ sion Educat ion & Cultivation Program Dept. If you 're ava ilable one day a week or more DIRECTOR of Audiovisual Services . To and can 't find a job STOP LOOKING ! WIZ always has openings for Secretaries, provide audiovisual services and to develop Word Processo rs, Receptionists & Bi-lingual and ma inta in audio and visual resou rces Typis ts . WIZ TEMPORARY PERSONNEL programs to meet the educational and 18 E. 41 st Street, Su ite 1804 cultivation needs of the total boa rd. New York, N.Y. 10017 ASSIST A T GENERAL SECRETARY, Section (21 2) 686-2894 of M issi on & Membership Development, Women's Program Division , General Board RETREAT CENTERS/CAMPS of Global Ministries.

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY for Organizational GULFSIDE METHODIST ASSEMBLY is a Development, Women's Program Division. sprawling 140-acre retreat center along the Immediate. Gulf of Mexico, 55 miles from New Orleans . Related to The United Method ist Church, SEC RETARY for Financial Interpretation, Gulfside has been a ce nter for Christian Women's Program Division, General Board education, culture and recreation for nea rly of Global Ministries. six decades. Fou nded in 1923 , Gu lfsi de's balmy weather, stately Mississippi pines and EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, Ministries with CHANGE OF ADDRESS large shady oaks lure church groups, college Annual Conferences, Hea lth & Welfare students and civic clubs to its grounds year Program M inistries Program Department, after year. Camping privileges available at General Board of Global Ministries. nom inal cost. Overnight accommodations for 100, banquet facil ities for 300 persons EXECUTIVE SEC RETARY for Research Plan­ also available. Aud itorium seats 1,000. ning and Coordination, Women's Program ------Zip ----- Crabbing, fishi ng, swimming are part of Division, General Board of Global M inis­ Gulfside's aquatic activities. For more infor­ tries. mation contact: Executive Director, Gulfside MAIL TO· NEW WORLD OU TLOOK - Magazine Circulation Methodist Assembly, Waveland , MS 395 76 , ASSISTANT TREASURER , ational Program Service Center Division. Immed iate . or call : (601 /467-4909). 7820 Reading Road Cincinnati. Ohio 45237 . 46 [254) New World Outlook • May 1985 ftl I Coll for Entries: Awards HONOR AWARDS (8) : Eight Honor award winners will each receive a GRANO AWARD: $500 .00 four-volume set of The History of Missions. Value: COLOR: $25.00 each. "Celebroting First Place 300 .00 PLUS: 1O Certificates of merit Second Place 175.00 PLEASE NOTE: ffiission in Th ird Place 100.00 • One Grand Award only for either color or black & BLACK & WHITE white. First Place 300 .00 • All winners will rece ive a one-year subscription or Todoy ' s World" Second Place 175.00 extension of subscription to NEW WORLD OUT­ Third Place 100.00 LOOK. New World Outlook's ------Here Are the Rules ------

75th Anniversary 1 The contest is open to amateur photographers of all and address of the contestant's home church (if any); the ages. Employees of the General Board of Global location where (and when) the photograph was taken ; and Ministries and their immediate family members are information that explains how your photograph relates to Photo Contest ineligible. the contest theme, "Celebrating Mission in Today's World ." Each color slide and each black & white print must Pastors, members of local United Methodist churches , be clearly identified. Feb. 1,-May 31, 1985 United States and overseas United Methodist mission­ aries, Persons in Mission, Interns, Volunteers in Mission, 6 The contest opened February 1, 1985, and continues directors of the General Board of Global Ministries, the through May 31, 1985. Entries must be postmarked no As servants of Christ, we are sent staffs and directors of other General Boards, commis­ later than midnight of the day prior to the final date, or into the world to engage in mission sions, agencies, caucuses and others related to The delivered in person to NEW WORLD OUTLOOK by noon by word and deed . Mission is a United Methodist church are encouraged to enter, but the of May 31 , 1985. contest is not limited to members of The United Methodist ministry of outreaching love. It is Church. 7 By entering this contest, the entrant agrees that NEW alive in many forms. Christian mis­ WORLD OUTLOOK may use any pictures submitted for sion involves people, events, 2 There are two (2) categories: black and white and its own or General Board of Global Ministries use. Fu ll color. Any eligible person may submit up to five entries in photo credit will be given. projects-sharing the message and each category. Black & white entries must be prints no love of Christ wherever and when­ smaller than 5 x 5 inches and no larger than 11 x 14. They 8 Contest void wherever prohibited or restricted by law. ever possible. must be mounted or affixed to a cardboard (illustration Your church is in mission every board) or foamcore mount no smaller than 8 x 1O and no 9 All taxes, if any, are the sole responsibility of the prize larger than 11 x 14. Entries from overseas do not have to winners. day. When was the last time you be mounted but be sure they are well packaged for Judging will be by a panel experienced in the arts saw that happen? protective purposes. We cannot be responsible for entries 10. and techniques of photography. Winning entries will be New World Outlook, which for 75 that are damaged on arrival. Color entries must be color transparencies (slides) . Color announced in the December 1985 issue of NEW WORLD OUTLOOK. years has been bringing you the prints or negatives are not eligible. words and images of your church in 3 No art work or retouching is permitted; no composite 11 . A self-addressed and stamped envelope for return mission, now invites you to share pictures, multiple exposures, or multiple printing is should accompany each entry. those scenes of mission with a eligible. 12. Winners will be notified by mai l. Winning entries will worldwide readership. be returned following the announcement and possible 4 Entrant must be able to furnish original negative, if publication in the December issue. Entries not selected Send us your pictures which illus­ requested . trate the theme, "Celebrating Mis­ will be returned after judging. Care will be used in 5 All entries should be accompanied by the contes­ handling, but NEW WORLD OUTLOOK cannot be sion In Today's World." tant's name, address and telephone number; the name responsible for transparencies or prints lost or damaged.

Send entries to: Photo Contest New World Outlook 475 Riverside Drive-Rm 1351 New York, N.Y. 10115

this all-new Please send catalog copies presents free for postage multipurpose and handling SERVICE CENTER resources 7820 Reading Rd. to spark Cincinnati, your mission Ohio 45237 planning Name ______

The array of materials includes: Address ______BOOKS MAGAZINES POSTERS LEAFLETS PACKETS PAMPHLETS AUDIOVISUALS Zi p __ BROCHURES MAPS, KITS MATERIALES EN ESPANOL • _ Sowing Seeds of Hope for Tomorrow_ ...

Day in and day out it's rough, sweaty plodding ahead. • • sowing seeds growing food planting trees restoring the land. Self-determination is the goal. Some call it development.

Long before the media exposed the tragedy of famine across the " ... In due season we will reap, if we do continent, UMCOR was working with African colleagues, village by not lose heart. " village, on long-term solutions to food production problems. Grain, -Galatians 6: 9 (RSV) sorghum and emergency supplies save the lives of despairing people in drought areas today. For local church and annual conference credit, send your gift through your local church treasurer. Gifts will then be forwarded to: Advance GCFA, General Your help is urgently needed to plant seeds of hope for tomorrow. Board of Global Ministries, 475 Riverside Drive , UMCOR Global Food Crisis Advance 982500-2 Room 1439 , ew York, 1.Y. 10115 .

l ' ~ I TE D~I E THODI S T <: OMMITTEEON RELIEF u M coR GE:\' ER AL BOA ROOFGLOBAL i\ lli'i lSTRIES ----