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Jews, Masculinity, and Political Violence in Interwar France
Jews, Masculinity, and Political Violence in Interwar France Richard Sonn University of Arkansas On a clear, beautiful day in the center of the city of Paris I performed the first act in front of the entire world. 1 Scholom Schwartzbard, letter from La Santé Prison In this letter to a left-wing Yiddish-language newspaper, Schwartzbard explained why, on 25 May 1926, he killed the former Hetman of the Ukraine, Simon Vasilievich Petliura. From 1919 to 1921, Petliura had led the Ukrainian National Republic, which had briefly been allied with the anti-communist Polish forces until the victorious Red Army pushed both out. Schwartzbard was a Jewish anarchist who blamed Petliura for causing, or at least not hindering, attacks on Ukrainian Jews in 1919 and 1920 that resulted in the deaths of between 50,000 and 150,000 people, including fifteen members of Schwartzbard's own family. He was tried in October 1927, in a highly publicized court case that earned the sobriquet "the trial of the pogroms" (le procès des pogroms). The Petliura assassination and Schwartzbard's trial highlight the massive immigration into France of central and eastern European Jews, the majority of working-class 1 Henry Torrès, Le Procès des pogromes (Paris: Editions de France, 1928), 255-7, trans. and quoted in Felix and Miyoko Imonti, Violent Justice: How Three Assassins Fought to Free Europe's Jews (Amherst, MA: Prometheus, 1994), 87. 392 Jews, Masculinity, and Political Violence 393 background, between 1919 and 1939. The "trial of the pogroms" focused attention on violence against Jews and, in Schwartzbard's case, recourse to violence as resistance. -
Ackelsberg L
• • I I Free Women of Spain Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women I Martha A. Ackelsberg l I f I I .. AK PRESS Oakland I West Virginia I Edinburgh • Ackelsberg. Martha A. Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women Lihrary of Congress Control Numher 2003113040 ISBN 1-902593-96-0 Published hy AK Press. Reprinted hy Pcrmi"inn of the Indiana University Press Copyright 1991 and 2005 by Martha A. Ackelsherg All rights reserved Printed in Canada AK Press 674-A 23rd Street Oakland, CA 94612-1163 USA (510) 208-1700 www.akpress.org [email protected] AK Press U.K. PO Box 12766 Edinburgh. EH8 9YE Scotland (0131) 555-5165 www.akuk.com [email protected] The addresses above would be delighted to provide you with the latest complete AK catalog, featur ing several thousand books, pamphlets, zines, audio products, videos. and stylish apparel published and distributed bv AK Press. A1tern�tiv�l�! Uil;:1t r\llr "-""'l:-,:,i!'?� f2":' �!:::: :::::;:;.p!.::.;: ..::.:.:..-..!vo' :uh.. ,.",i. IIt;W� and updates, events and secure ordering. Cover design and layout by Nicole Pajor A las compafieras de M ujeres Libres, en solidaridad La lucha continua Puiio ell alto mujeres de Iberia Fists upraised, women of Iheria hacia horiz,ontes prePiados de luz toward horizons pregnant with light por rutas ardientes, on paths afire los pies en fa tierra feet on the ground La frente en La azul. face to the blue sky Atirmondo promesas de vida Affimling the promise of life desafiamos La tradicion we defy tradition modelemos la arcilla caliente we moLd the warm clay de un mundo que nace del doLor. -
Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War.Pdf
NESTOR MAKHNO IN THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR Michael Malet THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE TeutonicScan €> Michael Malet \982 AU rights reserved. No parI of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, wilhom permission Fim ed/lIOn 1982 Reprinted /985 To my children Published by lain, Saffron, and Jonquil THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London rind BasingSloke Compafl/u rind reprutntatiW!S throughout the warld ISBN 0-333-2S969-6 Pnnted /II Great Bmain Antony Rowe Ltd, Ch/ppenham 5;landort � Signalur RNB 10043 Akz.·N. \d.·N. I, "'i • '. • I I • Contents ... Acknowledgements VIII Preface ox • Chronology XI .. Introduction XVII Glossary xx' PART 1 MILITARY HISTORY 1917-21 1 Relative Peace, 1917-18 3 2 The Rise of the Balko, July 19I5-February 1919 13 3 The Year 1919 29 4 Stalemate, January-October 1920 54 5 The End, October I92O-August 1921 64 PART 2 MAKHNOVSCHYNA-ORGAN1SATION 6 Makhno's Military Organisation and Capabilities 83 7 Civilian Organisation 107 PART 3 IDEOLOGY 8 Peasants and Workers 117 9 Makhno and the Bolsheviks 126 10 Other Enemies and Rivals 138 11 Anarchism and the Anarchists 157 12 Anti-Semitism 168 13 Some Ideological Questions 175 PART 4 EXILE J 4 The Bitter End 183 References 193 Bibliography 198 Index 213 • • '" Acknowledgements Preface My first thanks are due to three university lecturers who have helped Until the appearance of Michael PaJii's book in 1976, the role of and encouraged me over the years: John Erickson and Z. A. B. Nestor Makhno in the events of the Russian civil war was almost Zeman inspired my initial interest in Russian and Soviet history, unknown. -
Rebel Alliances
Rebel Alliances The means and ends 01 contemporary British anarchisms Benjamin Franks AK Pressand Dark Star 2006 Rebel Alliances The means and ends of contemporary British anarchisms Rebel Alliances ISBN: 1904859402 ISBN13: 9781904859406 The means amiemls 01 contemllOranr British anarchisms First published 2006 by: Benjamin Franks AK Press AK Press PO Box 12766 674-A 23rd Street Edinburgh Oakland Scotland CA 94612-1163 EH8 9YE www.akuk.com www.akpress.org [email protected] [email protected] Catalogue records for this book are available from the British Library and from the Library of Congress Design and layout by Euan Sutherland Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd., Glasgow To my parents, Susan and David Franks, with much love. Contents 2. Lenini8t Model of Class 165 3. Gorz and the Non-Class 172 4. The Processed World 175 Acknowledgements 8 5. Extension of Class: The social factory 177 6. Ethnicity, Gender and.sexuality 182 Introduction 10 7. Antagonisms and Solidarity 192 Chapter One: Histories of British Anarchism Chapter Four: Organisation Foreword 25 Introduction 196 1. Problems in Writing Anarchist Histories 26 1. Anti-Organisation 200 2. Origins 29 2. Formal Structures: Leninist organisation 212 3. The Heroic Period: A history of British anarchism up to 1914 30 3. Contemporary Anarchist Structures 219 4. Anarchism During the First World War, 1914 - 1918 45 4. Workplace Organisation 234 5. The Decline of Anarchism and the Rise of the 5. Community Organisation 247 Leninist Model, 1918 1936 46 6. Summation 258 6. Decay of Working Class Organisations: The Spani8h Civil War to the Hungarian Revolution, 1936 - 1956 49 Chapter Five: Anarchist Tactics Spring and Fall of the New Left, 7. -
Witness for the Prosecution
Witness for the Prosecution Colin Ward 1974 The revival of interest in anarchism at the time of the Spanish Revolution in 1936 ledtothe publication of Spain and the World, a fortnightly Freedom Press journal which changed to Revolt! in the months between the end of the war in Spain and the beginning of the Second World War. Then War Commentary was started, its name reverting to the traditional Freedom inAugust 1945. As one of the very few journals which were totally opposed to the war aims of both sides, War Commentary was an obvious candidate for the attentions of the Special Branch, but it was not until the last year of the war that serious persecution began. In November 1944 John Olday, the paper’s cartoonist, was arrested and after a protracted trial was sentenced to 12 months’ imprisonment for ‘stealing by finding an identity card’. Two months earlier T. W. Brown of Kingston had been jailed for 15 months for distributing ‘seditious’ leaflets. The prosecution at the Old Bailey had drawn the attention of the court to the fact that thepenalty could have been 14 years. On 12 December 1944, officers of the Special Branch raided the Freedom Press office andthe homes of four of the editors and sympathisers. Search warrants had been issued under Defence Regulation 39b, which declared that no person should seduce members of the armed forces from their duty, and Regulation 88a which enabled articles to be seized if they were evidence of the commission of such an offence. At the end of December, Special Branch officers, led byDetec- tive Inspector Whitehead, searched the belongings of soldiers in various parts of the country. -
The “ Rising” in Catalonia
I can really be free when those around me, both men and women, are also free. The li berty of others, far from limit ing or negating my own, is, on the contrary, its necessary con dition and guarantee. —B a k u n i n PRICE 2d— U.S.A. 5 CENTS. VOLUME 1, NUMBER 13. JUNE 4th, 1937. OPEN LETTER TO FEDERICA MONTSENY lAfclante, juventod; a luchar como titanes 1 By Camillo Berneri (This letter is taken from the Guerra di Classe of April 14th, 1937 (organ of the Italian Syndicalist Union, affiliated with the A IT ) published at Barcelona. It bears the signature of Camillo Bemert the well known militant anarchist, who, for several months, acted as the political delegate with the Errico Malatesta Battalion— and was addressed to Frederica Atont- seny, member of the Peninsular Committee of the F A I and Minister of Hygiene and Public Assistance in the Valencia Government. The text is reproduced almost in its entirety. The introduction only is missing—and that served solely to eliminate any personal animosity from the discussion by affirming the friendship and esteem of the signatory for his correspondent. — Eds.) REVOLUTIONARY SPAIN AND icith his practical realism, etc.” And I wholeheartedly approved of Voline’s THE POLICY OF reply in “Terre Libre” to your COLLABORATION thoroughly inexact statements on the Russian Anarchist Movement. H AVE not been able to accept But these are not the subjects I calmly the identity— which you I wish to take up with you now. On affirm— as between the Anarchism of these and other things, I hope, some Bakunin and the Federalist Republic day, to talk personally with you. -
“For a World Without Oppressors:” U.S. Anarchism from the Palmer
“For a World Without Oppressors:” U.S. Anarchism from the Palmer Raids to the Sixties by Andrew Cornell A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Social and Cultural Analysis Program in American Studies New York University January, 2011 _______________________ Andrew Ross © Andrew Cornell All Rights Reserved, 2011 “I am undertaking something which may turn out to be a resume of the English speaking anarchist movement in America and I am appalled at the little I know about it after my twenty years of association with anarchists both here and abroad.” -W.S. Van Valkenburgh, Letter to Agnes Inglis, 1932 “The difficulty in finding perspective is related to the general American lack of a historical consciousness…Many young white activists still act as though they have nothing to learn from their sisters and brothers who struggled before them.” -George Lakey, Strategy for a Living Revolution, 1971 “From the start, anarchism was an open political philosophy, always transforming itself in theory and practice…Yet when people are introduced to anarchism today, that openness, combined with a cultural propensity to forget the past, can make it seem a recent invention—without an elastic tradition, filled with debates, lessons, and experiments to build on.” -Cindy Milstein, Anarchism and Its Aspirations, 2010 “Librarians have an ‘academic’ sense, and can’t bare to throw anything away! Even things they don’t approve of. They acquire a historic sense. At the time a hand-bill may be very ‘bad’! But the following day it becomes ‘historic.’” -Agnes Inglis, Letter to Highlander Folk School, 1944 “To keep on repeating the same attempts without an intelligent appraisal of all the numerous failures in the past is not to uphold the right to experiment, but to insist upon one’s right to escape the hard facts of social struggle into the world of wishful belief. -
Journeying Through Utopia: Anarchism, Geographical Imagination and Performative Futures in Marie-Louise Berneri’S Works
Investigaciones Geográficas • Instituto de Geografía •UNAM eISSN: 2448-7279 • DOI: dx.doi.org/10.14350/rig.60026 • ARTÍCULOS Núm. 100 • Diciembre • 2019 • e60026 www.investigacionesgeograficas.unam.mx Journeying through Utopia: anarchism, geographical imagination and performative futures in Marie-Louise Berneri’s works Un viaje a través de la utopía: anarquismo, imaginación geográfica y futuros performativos en la obra de Marie-Louise Berneri Federico Ferretti* Recibido: 25/07/2019. Aceptado: 12/09/2019. Publicado: 1/12/2019. Abstract. This paper addresses works and archives of Resumen. Este articulo aborda los trabajos y archivos de transnational anarchist intellectual Marie-Louise Berneri la militante anarquista transnacional Maria Luisa Berneri (1918-1949), author of a neglected but very insightful (1918-1949), autora de un estudio poco conocido pero muy history of utopias and of their spaces. Extending current significativo sobre las historias de las utopías y sus espacios. literature on anarchist geographies, utopianism and on the Al ampliar la literatura actual sobre geografías anarquistas, relation between geography and the humanities, I argue utopismo y sobre la relación entre la geografía y las ‘humani- that a distinction between authoritarian and libertarian dades’, defiendo que una distinción entre utopías libertarias utopias is key to understanding the political relevance of y utopías autoritarias es esencial para comprender la impor- the notion of utopia, which is also a matter of space and tancia política del concepto de utopía, que es también un geographical imagination. Berneri’s criticisms to utopia were asunto de espacio y de imaginación geográfica. Las críticas eventually informed by notions of anti-colonialism and anti- de Berneri a la utopía se inspiraron en su anticolonialismo y authoritarianism, especially referred to her original critique su antiautoritarismo, centrado especialmente en su original of twentieth-century totalitarian regimes. -
Vernon Richards (1975), Paris, 10/18
ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA RÉVOLUTION ESPAGNOLE Vernon Richards (1975), Paris, 10/18 http://www.somnisllibertaris.com/libro/enseignementdelarevolution/index03.htm PRÉFACE p. 2 POST-SCRIPTUM p. 4 DEUXIEME PARTIE (Introduction) PREMIERE PARTIE (Introduction) CHAPITRE XVI CHAPITRE I CHAPITRE XVII CHAPITRE II CHAPITRE XVIII CHAPITRE III CHAPITRE XIX CHAPITRE IV CHAPITRE XX CHAPITRE V CHAPITRE VI CONCLUSION CHAPITRE VII CHAPITRE VIII BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHAPITRE IX NOTES CHAPITRE X CHAPITRE XI CHAPITRE XII CHAPITRE XIII CHAPITRE XIV CHAPITRE XV 1 PRÉFACE La Révolution est trop souvent assimilée à la Russie, à une certaine image du marxisme qui oublie la création de la Tchéka (commission extraordinaire de lutte contre le sabotage et la contre-révolution) par Lénine, la répression du soulèvement populaire de Kronstadt, de l’Opposition Ouvrière — pourtant opposée aux Kronstadtiens — et du mouvement anarchiste d’Ukraine par le même Lénine, avec l’accord de Trotsky et de Staline. Plus récemment, l’invasion de la Tchécoslovaquie, les mesures contre les quelques intellectuels russes dignes de ce nom, les accords économiques avec l’Ouest (gazoducs avec les USA et l’Europe occidentale), sans oublier la coexistence nord-américano-chinoise-chinoise et les relations diplomatiques entre Pékin et Ankara et Madrid, démontrent que le marxisme-léninisme n’est que l’idéologie d’une nouvelle classe dirigeante identique à la nôtre. La Révolution pour l’émancipation des travailleurs, une pratique non tarée, il faut les chercher plus près de nous, dans l’Espagne de 1936-1939, dont les aspects sociaux commencent a être connus grâce à Chomsky, Guérin, Leval, Lorenzo et nous-mêmes. Des millions de travailleurs faisant tourner les usines et s’occupant des cultures et transformant l’économie de consommation capitaliste en économie de guerre, en dépit du sabotage des républicains. -
THE FALL of MALAGA Government's Criminal Negligence Responsible
Consider the origin of all fortunes, whether arising out of commerce, finance, manu factures, or the land. Every where you will find that the wealth of the wealthy springs from the poverty of the poor. KROPOTKIN. ('Conquest of Bread) VOLUME 1, NUMBER 11. MAY 1st, 1937. PRICE 2d.—U.S.A. 5 CENTS. Iron, San Sebastien, Durango.... to-day Guernica. Franco, Spanish Patriot and Christian, massacres women and children from the air, while British and French politicians discuss further means of betrayal. Workers ! Show your solidarity with the Basque comrades by imposing your will. Demand active intervention in favour of the Spanish workers fighting for liberty against Italian and German regular Army and Air Force. Now . .. before Bilbao and its heroic people are wiped out. MAY 1st, 1937: ITS SIGNIFICANCE THE FALL OF MALAGA It seems appropriate to us that ity. Once they put power into Government’s Criminal Negligence Responsible a whole page of this issue should the hands of their leaders their be dedicated to our brave Com movement is doomed to failure. rades of Catalonia. For it is Regarding the Fall of Malaga, Yet nothing was done. The C.N.T. dant PELAYO was relieved of his they who are defending not only Workers! Return to your reports appeared from various sources of Malaga established a munition fac command, because he was under sus Spanish territory with their homes this May Day resolved which did not altogether correspond tory where 1,000 persons were busy picion to be in sympathy with the armed fists, but they are also de that your efforts on behalf of with the true facts of the case. -
Le Magnifiche Ribelli (1917-1921)
Lorenzo Pezzica Le magnifiche ribelli 1917-1921 elèuthera © 2017 Lorenzo Pezzica ed elèuthera editrice progetto grafico di Riccardo Falcinelli il nostro sito è www.eleuthera.it e-mail: [email protected] Indice INTRODUZIONE Dissidenti nella rivoluzione CAPITOLO PRIMO Cinquantuno mesi CAPITOLO SECONDO Nessuna cricca di partito mi avrebbe imbavagliato CAPITOLO TERZO Oggi ho sparato a Lenin CAPITOLO QUARTO Sempre dalla parte della rivoluzione CAPITOLO QUINTO 1921 CAPITOLO SESTO Lettere dalla carceri russe CAPITOLO SETTIMO Poesie disubbidienti Appendice Bibliografia Indice dei nomi INTRODUZIONE Dissidenti nella rivoluzione Io sono la vostra voce, il calore del vostro fiato, il riflesso del vostro volto, i vani palpiti di vane ali… fa lo stesso, sino alla fine io sto con voi1. Anna Achmatova Le vite delle donne narrate in questo libro rimandano a uno straordinario e cruciale evento che ha segnato profondamente la storia mondiale del Novecento: la rivoluzione russa del 19172. La maggior parte di queste donne e le loro storie sono state per lungo tempo «dimenticate». Storie che le hanno viste lanciarsi nell’avventura rivoluzionaria ben prima del 1917 e che hanno significato per loro clandestinità, prigionia, torture, deportazioni ed esilio. La scintilla che accende l’incendio della rivoluzione russa del 19173 ha inizio il giorno della Festa della donna, nel cortile della fabbrica tessile Krasnaja Nit di Pietrogrado. La prima guerra mondiale aveva portato gli uomini al fronte e le donne in fabbrica, nelle scuole, negli uffici e in piazza. A Pietrogrado il 23 febbraio (l’8 marzo secondo il calendario gregoriano)4, particolarmente freddo e affamato, donne, ragazze, anziane, operaie e madri di famiglia scendono in piazza contro la guerra e sfilano sulla Prospettiva Nevskij. -
English-Language Anarchist Periodicals of the Great Depression, 1932–1939 Morris Brodie
Radical Americas Special issue: Radical Periodicals Article Rebel Youths: English-language anarchist periodicals of the Great Depression, 1932–1939 Morris Brodie Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1 NN, UK; [email protected] How to Cite: Brodie, M.‘Rebel Youths: English-language anarchist periodicals of the Great Depression, 1932–1939.’ Radical Americas 3, 1 (2018): 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ra.2018.v3.1.012. Submission date: 2 July 2018; Publication date: 30 November 2018 Peer review: This article has been peer reviewed through the journal’s standard double blind peer-review, where both the reviewers and authors are anonymised during review. Copyright: c 2018, Morris Brodie. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ra.2018.v3.1.012. Open access: Radical Americas is a peer-reviewed open access journal. Abstract This article examines the function of anarchist periodicals in the United States during the Great Depression. Periodicals acted as forums for debate, where ideas were constantly challenged and important theoretical issues were aired. This was both within anarchism and between the wider radical movement. In addition, periodicals were important organisational tools, creating networks that connected activists across the country and helped to build the movement. Young anarchists identified English-language periodicals as vital for breaking through the linguistic barriers erected by the older generation of immigrant anarchists.