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UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN Wetenschappelijke Verhandeling THOMAS DEWEER MASTERPROEF MANAMA C

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UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN Wetenschappelijke Verhandeling THOMAS DEWEER MASTERPROEF MANAMA C UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN Joint media and conflict resolution: challenges and opportunities. All for Peace radio and the Israeli/Palestinian conflict Wetenschappelijke verhandeling 22.601 woorden THOMAS DEWEER" MASTERPROEF MANAMA CONFLICT AND DEVELOPMENT PROMOTOR: PROF. DR. CHRISTOPHER PARKER COMMISSARIS: OMAR JABARY ACADEMIEJAAR 2011 - 2012 " " Inzagerecht in de masterproef (*) Ondergetekende, ……………………………………………………. geeft hierbij toelating / geen toelating (**) aan derden, nietbehorend tot de examencommissie, om zijn/haar (**) proefschrift in te zien. Datum en handtekening ………………………….. …………………………. Deze toelating geeft aan derden tevens het recht om delen uit de scriptie/ masterproef te reproduceren of te citeren, uiteraard mits correcte bronvermelding. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (*) Deze ondertekende toelating wordt in zoveel exemplaren opgemaakt als het aantal exemplaren van de scriptie/masterproef die moet worden ingediend. Het blad moet ingebonden worden samen met de scriptie onmiddellijk na de kaft. (**) schrappen wat niet past ________________________________________________________________________________________ " " ABSTRACT Er bestaan talrijke projecten in verschillende conflictgebieden die gericht zijn op conflictresolutie. Ondanks het feit dat velen ondersteund worden door een resem donoren is de kloof tussen de praktijk en het academisch onderzoek dat het nut van dergelijke initiatieven aantoont opvallend. Het doel van deze thesis is dan ook een bijdrage te leveren aan het onderzoek over het functioneren van vredesmedia in een context van conflict. Meer specifiek zal de focus hier komen te liggen op gezamelijke media, waarbij leden van de verschillende tegenover elkaar staande groepen samenwerken. Dit gebeurt op zijn beurt in deze studie door middel van de exhaustieve studie van één specifieke case, All for Peace, een gezamelijke Israelisch-Palestijnse radio. Het onderzoek gebeurt in twee delen. Vooreerst wordt de achtergrond onderzocht waartegen All for Peace tot stand is gekomen, de historische evolutie van de vredesbeweging, het Palestijnse en Israelische medialandschap en historische precedenten. Vervolgens wordt er in een twee deel dieper ingegaan op de uitdagingen waarmee een dergelijke gezamelijke radio geconfronteerd wordt. Dit gebeurt door middel van een theoretische lens die als een rode draad functioneert doorheen de studie, de drie paradigma’s van Cottle, het ‘manufacturing contest paradigm’, het ‘media contest paradigm’ en het ‘media culture paradigm’. Deze paradigma’s verschaffen zo een inzicht omtrent de problematieken binnen het economische, politieke en culturele domein. Door een dergelijke aanpak is het uitgangspunt om tot een volledige analyse te komen. Zo is het doel een resultaat dat inzicht verschaft in het potentieel van het model waar All for Peace voor staat maar dat eveneens een kritische blik werpt en de belangrijkste uitdagingen schetst waarmee de gezamelijke radio geconfronteerd wordt. " " Acknowledgements The fact that you, the reader, are reading this thesis is the result of a process that wasn’t always self evident. The research and the processing of the data gathered is the preceding process that was made possible only thanks to the assistance of many. Likewise, I would like to grab this opportunity to try to transfer in these acknowledgements the gratitude that they deserve. First of all, I want to thank those close to me. Likewise, my parents always supported me throughout my studies. Giving me the freedom to follow my interests, they were always ready to give me advice and that little extra mental push to succeed in what I was doing. Furthermore, also my girlfriend Csilla Dobosi has to be thanked. She was always there, even if it mostly happened through Skype, to listen to my latest excitement on research findings or to give me the motivation to continue when I seemed stuck or when there seemed not to be an end in sight. Moreover her careful reading of this work and her critical remarks proved to be very useful. Next to that, this research would not have been possible either without the support and the resources made available by the Ghent University. Likewise, I want to express my sincerest gratitude towards my promoter Dr. Prof. Christopher Parker who gave the green light for this thesis and whose door was open for answering questions and giving advice. When conducting a fieldwork trip to Jordan, the practical experience and feedback proved to be a great asset when going further afterwards to East-Jerusalem. Moreover, I also want to thank VLIR-UOS that believed in the project and gave me a grant which was of great financial help. Furthermore, while conducting fieldwork in Israel/Palestine I could count on the help of many. The beginning of my stay was difficult when it turned out that when trying to rent a flat in Jerusalem, I had run into a fraud trap. Nevertheless, I was helped out by Jenny Grant and her family, who offered me to stay at their place and were ready to support me. Afterwards, I had the chance of spending the rest of my stay in the Kenyon Institute. Living and researching there was a pleasant experience and likewise I want to thank its staff and inhabitants. The biggest part of my research was done at the studios of All for Peace. This was made possible by Mossi Raz, who deserves therefore special notice in these acknowledgements. Also the staff and many volunteers, such as the always present Yarden Amir, were helpful to answer my never-ending questions, to give me information and were eager to engage into discussions. People outside All for Peace that helped me and to whom I also would like to address my " " gratitude are Ifat Maoz, Amal Jamal, Gadi Wolfsfeld, Mike Brand, Yanev Dayan and Yizhar Be’er. " " Preface Working on the thesis that I wrote last year on 'Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty: Broadcasting in a post Cold War era. Radio Slobodna Evropa and Radio Europa Libera as media of public diplomacy?' I was surprised by the difference of the mission set out by the board of RFE/RL and the situation on the ground. Likewise, I came to the conclusion that even though the model created originally by the United States as a public diplomacy tool and still to some extent set out to function between these lines, on the grounds journalists are embedded within their respective societies. Due to sincere idealism and longing for improvement, by leading the way, they show remarkable agency of working towards the positive evolution of the media landscape of their region. Research on community radio in Jordan conducted as part of a Ghent University fieldwork trip led by Dr. Prof. Christopher Parker learned me as well that even though the community model in itself sounds positive and the actors involved in the initiatives are often sincerely engaged, there are on the other hand red lines restricting the set out goals. Likewise, the model envisioned to pave the way to grassroots participation can be used top down as a steam pot, and consequently limiting the ability to induce structural changes. This lead me to the question of which role media can play in finding a solution to conflicts. Certainly in the case of the Israeli-Palestinian struggle, peace is a big structural change in two societies that are to a large extent shaped by the conflict. The research path described above led me to study All for Peace, a joint radio that aims at contributing to conflict resolution. Due to my earlier academic findings, I am particularly interested in the contradiction between sincere agency on the ground and the structural obstacles, economical, political or cultural, resulting from the specific context in which the initiatives are embedded. Both aspects are inspired respectively by the observations made when conducting fieldwork for my previous thesis research and the red lines limiting Jordanian community journalists. Moreover, the Israeli-Palestinian struggle is an iconic strive about which much has been written and that has influenced ideas and policies far outside the small region where the tension is actually located. Therefore, studying All for Peace as a case of a joint media initiative in the volatile region seems to hold the potential for providing insight on media in conflict areas at large. The form chosen for this research is the classical thesis format. I have done this in order to be able to process the large amount of information gathered during my fieldwork. Other formats " " such as the academic article and the policy survey lead to a more narrow perspective which would have resulted in the fact that a lot of the knowledge collected would remain unprocessed due to a narrow focus. My point of departure is more that of a journey discovering what there is to know about the topic of joint media initiatives in this specific context, taking my time to understand thoroughly the background in which All for Peace functions. At the same time I am aware of the risk that this specific layout brings with it. It can of course not be the aim to present a long overview of all the information gathered. Throughout the chosen thesis format a clear aim has to be envisioned, writing with structure without letting the central questions out of sight. Furthermore, the specific choice has been made to write this study in English. Although it is not my mother tongue and I realise it doesn’t make my job easier, I have nevertheless chosen this path out of respect to those back in Israel/Palestine
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