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United States Patent Office Patented Feb 3,645,908 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 29, 1972 1. 2 vents and hydrophilic solvents and, indeed, a mixture of 3,645,908 KETONE PEROXDE COMPOST ON STABLIZED these two classes may also be used. - WITH AN AMNE Amongst the hydrophilic solvents which are advanta Wolfgang Edl, Grosshesselohe, Gebhard Faber, Hohen geously used are glycols, for example one or more of schaftlarn, Michael Koehler, Munich, Heinz Winter, mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Pullach, and Heinz Meyer, Munich, Germany, assignors dipropylene glycol, pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol, to Elektrochemische Werke Munchen Aktiengesell glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether schaft, Hollriegelskreuth, near Munich, Germany and its methyl and butyl derivatives ("Cellosolve,' meth No Drawing. Filed Sept. 25, 1967, Ser. No. 670,444 yl “Celilosolve' and butyl “Cellosolve'), phosphate esters, Claims priority, application Germany, Sept. 23, 1966, 0. such as trialkyl phosphates for example triethyl phos E 32,532; May 31, 1967, E 34,095 phate, and low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols. Suit nt. C. C07c 73/00, C08f 1/60 able hydrophobic solvents are the phthalate esters such as U.S. C. 252-186 8 Claims dimethyl phthalate or di-butyl phthalate. Ketone peroxides which are particularly advantageous ly employed in this invention are, for example, acetone ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, methyl isobutyl A cross-linking composition which is particularly suit ketone peroxide, methyl isoamyl ketone peroxide, ethyl able for the cross-linking of unsaturated polyester resins, amyl ketone peroxide, di-isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclo contains at least one ketone peroxide, a solvent therefor, hexanone peroxides, an alkyl cyclohexanone peroxide 20 such as methyl or ethyl cyclohexanone peroxide, aceto and at least one amine compound. phenone peroxide, diacetyl ketone peroxide, acetyl ace tone peroxide, diacetone alcohol peroxide or 2-methyl 3 hydroxyl but-2-one peroxide, or other ketone peroxides This invention relates to peroxygen compounds and related in structure to any of these. Methyl ethyl ketone especially to ketone peroxide containing compositions. peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone A major commercial use of ketone peroxides is in the peroxide and diacetone alcohol peroxide are preferred. cross-linking of resins and particularly unsaturated poly These ketone peroxides may have been prepared in a ester resins either alone or, more commonly, in conjunc single stage reaction in a suitable solvent. For example a tion with a metal containing catalyst such as cobalt naph reaction mixture comprising the corresponding ketone, thenate, and possibly, organic co-accelerators. The ketone 30 hydrogen peroxide, for example in from 60% to 100% peroxide is usually used in solution in an inert solvent. w./w. concentration, and a catalyst, for example, a suit The use of such solutions of ketone peroxides in cross able source of hydrogen ion, may be suspended in a suit linking is subject to the disadvantage that a marked re able inert solvent, for example a low molecular weight duction in catalytic activity in cross-linking often occurs trialkyl phosphate, or a phthalate ester, or a glycol, and on storage particularly at ambient temperatures. Such re allowed to react at for example, temperatures of from duction in activity may sometimes be accompanied by a 0° C. to 60° C. Alternatively a concentrated ketone per reduction in the active oxygen content of the peroxide oxide solution may be diluted with a suitable inert solvent present but is thought to be due, in the main, to changes to the concentration required for a particular end use, in the balance of peroxidic species present in the solution. either before or after the introduction of amines accord The present invention provides a composition compris 40 ing to this invention. Ketone peroxides may advanta ing one or more ketone peroxides, one or more inert sol geously be diluted to, or manufactured at, a concentration vents therefor, and stabilising quantity of one or more of as low as 10% w./w. to 50% w./w. for use as a cat amine compounds, said amine compounds wholly con alyst for certain cross-linking reactions. Ketone peroxides sisting of one or more aliphatic or heterocyclic amines. diluted with, for example suitable esters or ketones are By a "stabilising quantity of amine' we mean a quanti 45 commonly used to cure unsaturated polyester varnishes. ty which results, in practice, in an acceptable degree of Solid forms of organic peroxides may also be incorpo stability of the ketone peroxide solution. Whether a pro rated into the compositions of this invention for instance posed quantity of amine is a stabilising quantity or not by treating peroxide in powder or paste form with a solu may be determined by a simple storage test of the amine tion of a suitable amine in a suitable solvent and then dis treated ketone peroxide solution and of a similar, but un 50 solving the treated peroxide in a suitable inert solvent. treated solution followed by a cross-linking trial of the The amines which are advantageously used in this in same quantity of each solution on an unsaturated poly vention are monoamines such as diethylamine, tributyl ester resin. 14 days is a suitable period of time for such a amine or cyclohexylamine, di- or polyamines such as di storage test. Solutions according to the invention will ethylene triamine or dipropylene triamine, amine alcohols show a markedly superior cross-linking behaviour. 55 such as mono-, di-, or tri-ethanolamine or di- or tri-iso Each amine/peroxide combination according to the in propanolamine, and, amongst heterocyclic amines, those vention shows a different degree of improvement in com six membered ring compounds having one or more nitro parison with the untreated peroxide solution and so in gen atoms in the ring such as pyridine, piperidine, a pico some instances a greater quantity of amine may be neces line, a lutidine, or a collidine, or those five membered sary to achieve a desired effect. Again many amines, when 60 ring compounds having one or more nitrogen atoms in present in excessive quantity in a ketone peroxide solu the ring such as an imidazole for instance benzimidazole, tion, for example in 10% to 15% by weight of the com or a triazole for instance benzotriazole. Aromatic amines position, cause instability but the concentration threshold are not suitable for use in this invention particularly since where the stability effect of each amine, on each peroxide they tend to produce discolouration of polymerisates cat solution, starts to diminish is different in each instance. 65 alysed by ketone peroxide solutions containing them and It is necessary therefore to determine by test in each in thus are most disadvantageous in, for instance, varnishes. stance whether a stabilising quantity of amine is present The amines may be present, as we have said, in any sta in a ketone peroxide solution. bilising quantity but advantageously are present in at By "inert solvent' we mean any solvent which is least 5.0 meq./l. of the composition. A suitable quantity chemically inert to the ketone peroxide and in which the 70 of amine is at least 0.005% by weight of the composi amine is also soluble. Suitable solvents may be divided tion. While, in the case of many amines up to 5.0% by generally into two classes namely into hydrophobic sol weight of the composition may be used without reaching 3,645,908 3 4. the instability threshold referred to above it is particular octoate solution in styrene (with 1% Co content) and 2% ly preferred to use lesser quantities for example not more of the peroxide solution. The time in minutes taken for than 100 meq./l. of the composition and, particularly, not gelling to start (tel) and the time in minutes taken to more than 50 meq or even 40 meq/l. of the composition. reach the maximum temperature (tax) were observed. In particularly advantageous embodiments of this in- 5 The following values were obtained. Storage time of 1 day 14 days 3 months 6 months Example Sample tgel tinax. tgel tin ar. tigol tunax. tge) timar. l------------ Without a nine------------------ 20 34 30 47 58 -------- >200 -------- 2------------ With tri-isopropanolamine.------- 6 28 22 34 8 32 20 32 vention the ketone peroxide solution containing a stabilis- 15 ing quantity of amine is further treated with a known EXAMPLES 3 AND 4 cross-linking co-accelerator. Co-accelerators based on a 3- 270 g. of triethyl phosphate and 270 g. of dimethylgly diketo structure are very suitable. Examples of such co- col phthalate were placed in a four necked flask, such as accelerators are acetyl acetone and ethyl acetoacetates. that described in Example 1, and 260 g of 85% hydrogen Ketone peroxide solutions to which such co-accelerators 20 peroxide was added while cooling and stirring. When the have been added are very unstable with respect to activity. addition was completed, 0.5 g. of concentrated nitric acid After only short periods of storage gel times become ex- (density 1.4) was added and 250 g. of methyl ethyl ke tremely long. However when the ketone peroxide solution tone was then added in drops at an internal temperature was an amine-containing composition according to this of 25 C. The mixture was then heated to 40° C., stirred invention it was found that there was little decrease in 25 at this temperature for a further two hours, cooled to activity on storage and that, in use in cross-linking, the room temperature and the sample divided into two parts. composition possessed the expected advantages accruing Sample I, without amine from the presence of co-accelerators, namely, an improve Sample II, 20 me./1.
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