The Moon Sun Earth Interplanetary Space

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

ULA ENABLES NASA’S EXPLORATION OF THE UNIVERSE LEGEND ULA Launches Heritage Launches Science Missions Exploration Missions Weather Missions MARS (X) Number of Launches InSight SATURN MAVEN JUPITER Pioneer 11 Mars Science Laboratory Juno Phoenix New Horizons Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Pioneer 10, 11 Opportunity PLUTO & Spirit KUIPER BELT 2001 Mars Odyssey New Horizons Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 Mars Climate Orbiter Mars Pathinder Mars Global Surveyor Mariner 4, 6, 7, 9 THE MOON GRAIL COMETS & ASTEROIDS VENUS Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter OSIRISREx Explorer Program 35, 49 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Dawn Surveyor Program (6) Pioneer Venus Orbiter Deep Impact Lunar Orbiter Program (5) Mariner 2, 5, 10 CONTOUR Ranger Moon Probes (4) Stardust Deep Space 1/SEDSAT1 NEAR GEOCENTRIC ORBITS MERCURY ICESat-2 WISE Earth Observer IUE ECHO Program (2) SUNEARTH GOES Program (4) Kepler ISEE 1, 2 LAGEOS1 TDRS Program (3) MESSENGER JPSS1 NOAA N FUSE Cos-B Terra Mariner 10 INTERPLANETARY TDRS Program (3) OSTM/Jason-2 Polar SMS Program (2) CRRES SPACE ISS Resupply (3) GLAST Radarsat/Surfsat TD1A GOES Program (14) MMS THEMIS Geotail/DUVE Landsat Program (6) NOAA Program (18) PSP SMAP CloudSat/CALIPSO EUVE ITOS Program (9) Solwind STEREO EFT1 SWIFT Rosat HEOS Program (2) TIROS Program (10) Genesis OCO2 Aura COBE ISIS Program (2) TIROSN WMAP Landsat 8 Gravity Probe B Exosat Biosat Program (3) HEAO Program (3) ACE RBSP Spitzer IRAS ESSA Program (9) OAO Program (3) SOHO Suomi NPP ICESat/CHIPSAT SMU Ariel 1 OGO Program (4) WIND Aquarius Aqua Dynamics OSO Program (8) Explorer Program (29) ISEE 3 Solar Dynamics Observatory Jason-1/TIMED SMM Nimbus Program (7) Mercury Astronaut Program (4) Pioneer 6, 7, 8, 9.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines.
[Show full text]
Selection of the Insight Landing Site M. Golombek1, D. Kipp1, N
Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript InSight Landing Site Paper v9 Rev.docx Click here to view linked References Selection of the InSight Landing Site M. Golombek1, D. Kipp1, N. Warner1,2, I. J. Daubar1, R. Fergason3, R. Kirk3, R. Beyer4, A. Huertas1, S. Piqueux1, N. E. Putzig5, B. A. Campbell6, G. A. Morgan6, C. Charalambous7, W. T. Pike7, K. Gwinner8, F. Calef1, D. Kass1, M. Mischna1, J. Ashley1, C. Bloom1,9, N. Wigton1,10, T. Hare3, C. Schwartz1, H. Gengl1, L. Redmond1,11, M. Trautman1,12, J. Sweeney2, C. Grima11, I. B. Smith5, E. Sklyanskiy1, M. Lisano1, J. Benardino1, S. Smrekar1, P. Lognonné13, W. B. Banerdt1 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 2State University of New York at Geneseo, Department of Geological Sciences, 1 College Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454 3Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001 4Sagan Center at the SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 5Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302; Now at Planetary Science Institute, Lakewood, CO 80401 6Smithsonian Institution, NASM CEPS, 6th at Independence SW, Washington, DC, 20560 7Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London 8German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany 9Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA; Now at Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926 10Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 11Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 12MS GIS Program, University of Redlands, 1200 E. Colton Ave., Redlands, CA 92373-0999 13Institut Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris Cité, Université Paris Sorbonne, France Diderot Submitted to Space Science Reviews, Special InSight Issue v.
[Show full text]
Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis Via Machine Learning
Tina Memo No. 2013-008 External, PhD Thesis, University of Manchester Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis via Machine Learning. Paul Tar Last updated 25 / 09 / 2014 Centre for Imaging Sciences, Medical School, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT. Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis via Machine Learning A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2014 Paul D. Tar School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences 2 Contents 1 Introduction 19 1.1 Theriseofimagingfromspace. ...... 19 1.1.1 Historicalimages ............................... 20 1.1.2 Contemporaryimages . 20 1.1.3 Futureimages.................................. 21 1.2 Sciencecase ..................................... .. 22 1.2.1 Lunarscience .................................. 22 1.2.2 Martianscience ................................ 22 1.3 Imageinterpretation ............................. ..... 23 1.3.1 Manualanalysis................................ 24 1.3.2 Automatedanalysis.............................. 24 1.4 Measurements.................................... .. 25 1.4.1 Quantitative measurements and The Scientiﬁc Method . .......... 26 1.4.2 Theroleofstatistics . ... 27 1.4.3 Assumptionsandapproximations . .... 29 1.5 Argumentforquantitativeautomation . ........ 30 1.6 Criteriaforaquantitativesystem . ......... 31 1.7 Thesisoutline ................................... ... 32 2 Literature Review 35 2.1 Representations ................................
[Show full text]
Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J
Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J. Byrne Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J. Byrne Image Again Middletown, NJ USA Cover illustration: Earth-based photograph of the full Moon from the “Consolidated Lunar Atlas” on the Website of the Lunar and Planetary Institute. British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne, Charles J., 1935– Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon 1. Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite) 2. Moon–Maps 3. Moon–Photographs from space I. Title 523.3 0223 ISBN 1852338865 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne, Charles J., 1935– Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon : with 619 figures / Charles J. Byrne. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85233-886-5 (acid-free paper) 1. Moon–Maps. 2. Moon–Photographs from space. 3. Moon–Remote-sensing images. 4. Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite) I. Title. G1000.3.B9 2005 523.3 022 3–dc22 2004045006 Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISBN 1-85233-886-5 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2005 Springer-Verlag London Limited Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be repro- duced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.
[Show full text]
Appendix 1: Venus Missions
Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M.
[Show full text]
Deep Space 2: the Mars Microprobe Project and Beyond
First International Conference on Mars Polar Science 3039.pdf DEEP SPACE 2: THE MARS MICROPROBE PROJECT AND BEYOND. S. E. Smrekar and S. A. Gavit, Mail Stop 183-501, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasa- dena CA 91109, USA ([email protected]). Mission Overview: The Mars Microprobe Proj- System Design, Technologies, and Instruments: ect, or Deep Space 2 (DS2), is the second of the New Telecommunications. The DS2 telecom system, Millennium Program planetary missions and is de- which is mounted on the aftbody electronics plate, signed to enable future space science network mis- relays data back to earth via the Mars Global Surveyor sions through flight validation of new technologies. A spacecraft which passes overhead approximately once secondary goal is the collection of meaningful science every 2 hours. The receiver and transmitter operate in data. Two micropenetrators will be deployed to carry the Ultraviolet Frequency Range (UHF) and data is out surface and subsurface science. returned at a rate of 7 Kbits/second. The penetrators are being carried as a piggyback Ultra-low-temperature lithium primary battery. payload on the Mars Polar Lander cruise ring and will One challenging aspect of the microprobe design is be launched in January of 1999. The Microprobe has the thermal environment. The batteries are likely to no active control, attitude determination, or propulsive stay no warmer than -78° C. A lithium-thionyl pri- systems. It is a single stage from separation until mary battery was developed to survive the extreme landing and will passively orient itself due to its aero- temperature, with a 6 to 14 V range and a 3-year shelf dynamic design (Fig.
[Show full text]
2001 Mars Odyssey 1/24 Scale Model Assembly Instructions
2001 Mars Odyssey 1/24 Scale Model Assembly Instructions This scale model of the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft is designed for anyone interested, although it might be inappropriate for children younger than about ten years of age. Children should have adult supervision to assemble the model. Copyright (C) 2002 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Permission for commercial reproduction other than for single-school in- classroom use must be obtained from JPL Commercial Programs Office. 1 SETUP 1.1 DOWNLOAD AND PRINT o You'll need Adobe Acrobat Reader software to read the Parts Sheet file. You'll find instructions for downloading the software free of charge from Adobe on the web page where you found this model. o Download the Parts file from the web page to your computer. It contains paper model parts on several pages of annotated graphics. o Print the Parts file with a black & white printer; a laser printer gives best results. It is highly recommended to print onto card stock (such as 110 pound cover paper). If you can't print onto card stock, regular paper will do, but assembly will be more difficult, and the model will be much more fragile. In any case, the card stock or paper should be white. The Parts file is designed for either 8.5x11-inch or A4 sheet sizes. o Check the "PRINTING CALIBRATION" on each Parts Sheet with a ruler, to be sure the cm or inch scale is full size. If it isn't, adjust the printout size in your printing software.
[Show full text]
Proceedings of the Nimbus Program Review
X-650-62-226 J, / N63 18601--N 63 18622 _,_-/ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIMBUS PROGRAM REVIEW OTS PRICE XEROX S _9, ,_-_ MICROFILM $ Jg/ _-"/_j . J"- O NOVEMBER 14-16, 1962 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIMBUS PROGRAM REVIEW \ November 14-16, 1962 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Greenbelt, Md. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIMBUS PROGRAM REVIEW FOREWORD The Nimbus program review was conducted at the George Washington Motor Lodge and at General Electric Missiles and Space Division, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 15, and 16, 1962. The purpose of the review was twofold: first, to present to top management of the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, other NASA elements, Joint Meteorological Satellite Advisory Committee (_MSAC), Weather Bureau, subsystem contractors, and others, a clear picture of the Nimbus program, its organization, its past accomplishments, current status, and remaining work, emphasizing the continuing need and opportunity for major contributions by the industrial community; second, to bring together project and contractor technical personnel responsible for the planning, execution, and support of the integration and test of the spacecraft to be initiated at General Electric shortly. This book is a compilation of the papers presented during the review and also contains a list of those attending. Harry P_ress Nimbus Project Manager CONTENTS FOREWORD lo INTRODUCTION TO NIMBUS by W. G. Stroud, GSFC _o THE NIMBUS PROJECT-- ORGANIZATION, PLAN, AND STATUS by H. Press, GSFC o METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF NIMBUS DATA by E.G. Albert, U.S.
[Show full text]
Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission Press Kit, Part 2
-lOl- The ascent stage engine compartment is formed by two beams running across the lower midsection deck and mated to the fore and aft bulkheads. Systems located in the midsection include the LM guidance computer, the power and servo assembly, ascent engine propellant tanks, RCS pro- pellant tanks, the environmental control system, and the waste management section. A tunnel ring atop the ascent stage meshes with the command module docking latch assemblies. During docking, the CM docking ring and latches are aligned by the LM drogue and the CSM probe. The dockingtunnel extends downward into the midsection 16 inches (40 cm). The tunnel is B2 inches (0.81 cm) in dia- meter and Is used for crew transfer between the CSM and LM. The upper hatch on the inboard end of the docking tunnel hinges downward and cannot be opened with the LM pressurized and u_docked. A thermal and mlcrometeoroid shield of multiple layers of mylar and a single thickness of thin aluminum skin encases the entire ascent stage structure. Descent Stase The descent stage consists of a cruciform load-carrylng structure of two pairs of parallel beams, upper and lower decks, and enclosure bulkheads -- all of conventional skln-and-strlnger aluminum alloy construction. The center compartment houses the descent engine, and descent propellant tanks are housed in the four square bays around the engine. The descent stage measures i0 feet 7 inches high by 14 feet 1 inch in diameter. Four-legged truss outriggers mounted on the ends of each pair of beams serve as SLA attach points and as "knees" for the landing gear main struts.
[Show full text]
Ultraviolet Imager on Venus Orbiter Akatsuki
Yamazaki et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2018) 70:23 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-017-0772-6 FULL PAPER Open Access Ultraviolet imager on Venus orbiter Akatsuki and its initial results Atsushi Yamazaki1,2*, Manabu Yamada3, Yeon Joo Lee1,4, Shigeto Watanabe5, Takeshi Horinouchi6, Shin‑ya Murakami1, Toru Kouyama7, Kazunori Ogohara8, Takeshi Imamura9, Takao M. Sato1, Yukio Yamamoto1, Tetsuya Fukuhara10, Hiroki Ando11, Ko‑ichiro Sugiyama12, Seiko Takagi13,14, Hiroki Kashimura15, Shoko Ohtsuki16, Naru Hirata17, George L. Hashimoto18, Makoto Suzuki1, Chikako Hirose1, Munetaka Ueno19, Takehiko Satoh1,20, Takumi Abe1,20, Nobuaki Ishii1 and Masato Nakamura1 Abstract The ultraviolet imager (UVI) has been developed for the Akatsuki spacecraft (Venus Climate Orbiter mission). The UVI takes ultraviolet (UV) images of the solar radiation refected by the Venusian clouds with narrow bandpass flters centered at the 283 and 365 nm wavelengths. There are absorption bands of SO 2 and unknown absorbers in these wavelength regions. The UV images provide the spatial distribution of SO2 and the unknown absorber around cloud top altitudes. The images also allow us to understand the cloud top morphologies and haze properties. Nominal sequential images with 2-h intervals are used to understand the dynamics of the Venusian atmosphere by estimating the wind vectors at the cloud top altitude, as well as the mass transportation of UV absorbers. The UVI is equipped with of-axial catadioptric optics, two bandpass flters, a difuser installed in a flter wheel moving with a step motor, and a high sensitivity charge-coupled device with UV coating. The UVI images have spatial resolutions ranging from 200 m to 86 km at sub-spacecraft points.
[Show full text]
The Isis3 Bundle Adjustment for Extraterrestrial Photogrammetry
ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume I-4, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August – 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia JIGSAW: THE ISIS3 BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY K. L. Edmundson*, D. A. Cook, O. H. Thomas, B. A. Archinal, R. L. Kirk Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, 86001 - [email protected] Commission IV, WG IV/7 KEY WORDS: Bundle Adjustment, Estimation, Extraterrestrial, Planetary, Space ABSTRACT: The Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) package was developed by the Astrogeology Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in the late 1980s for the cartographic and scientific processing of planetary image data. Initial support was implemented for the Galileo NIMS instrument. Constantly evolving, ISIS has since added support for numerous missions, including most recently the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, MESSENGER, and Dawn missions, plus support for the Metric Cameras flown onboard Apollo 15, 16, and 17. To address the challenges posed by extraterrestrial photogrammetry, the ISIS3 bundle adjustment module, jigsaw, is evolving as well. Here, we report on the current state of jigsaw including improvements such as the implementation of sparse matrix methods, parameter weighting, error propagation, and automated robust outlier detection. Details from the recent processing of Apollo Metric Camera images and from recent missions such as LRO and MESSENGER are given. Finally, we outline future plans for jigsaw, including the implementation of sequential estimation; free network adjustment; augmentation of the functional model of the bundle adjustment to solve for camera interior orientation parameters and target body parameters of shape, spin axis position, and spin rate; the modeling of jitter in line scan sensors; and the combined adjustment of images from a variety of platforms.
[Show full text]
Planetary Science
Mission Directorate: Science Theme: Planetary Science Theme Overview Planetary Science is a grand human enterprise that seeks to discover the nature and origin of the celestial bodies among which we live, and to explore whether life exists beyond Earth. The scientific imperative for Planetary Science, the quest to understand our origins, is universal. How did we get here? Are we alone? What does the future hold? These overarching questions lead to more focused, fundamental science questions about our solar system: How did the Sun's family of planets, satellites, and minor bodies originate and evolve? What are the characteristics of the solar system that lead to habitable environments? How and where could life begin and evolve in the solar system? What are the characteristics of small bodies and planetary environments and what potential hazards or resources do they hold? To address these science questions, NASA relies on various flight missions, research and analysis (R&A) and technology development. There are seven programs within the Planetary Science Theme: R&A, Lunar Quest, Discovery, New Frontiers, Mars Exploration, Outer Planets, and Technology. R&A supports two operating missions with international partners (Rosetta and Hayabusa), as well as sample curation, data archiving, dissemination and analysis, and Near Earth Object Observations. The Lunar Quest Program consists of small robotic spacecraft missions, Missions of Opportunity, Lunar Science Institute, and R&A. Discovery has two spacecraft in prime mission operations (MESSENGER and Dawn), an instrument operating on an ESA Mars Express mission (ASPERA-3), a mission in its development phase (GRAIL), three Missions of Opportunities (M3, Strofio, and LaRa), and three investigations using re-purposed spacecraft: EPOCh and DIXI hosted on the Deep Impact spacecraft and NExT hosted on the Stardust spacecraft.
[Show full text]