Lunar Orbiter Ii
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Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis Via Machine Learning
Tina Memo No. 2013-008 External, PhD Thesis, University of Manchester Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis via Machine Learning. Paul Tar Last updated 25 / 09 / 2014 Centre for Imaging Sciences, Medical School, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT. Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis via Machine Learning A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2014 Paul D. Tar School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences 2 Contents 1 Introduction 19 1.1 Theriseofimagingfromspace. ...... 19 1.1.1 Historicalimages ............................... 20 1.1.2 Contemporaryimages . 20 1.1.3 Futureimages.................................. 21 1.2 Sciencecase ..................................... .. 22 1.2.1 Lunarscience .................................. 22 1.2.2 Martianscience ................................ 22 1.3 Imageinterpretation ............................. ..... 23 1.3.1 Manualanalysis................................ 24 1.3.2 Automatedanalysis.............................. 24 1.4 Measurements.................................... .. 25 1.4.1 Quantitative measurements and The Scientific Method . .......... 26 1.4.2 Theroleofstatistics . ... 27 1.4.3 Assumptionsandapproximations . .... 29 1.5 Argumentforquantitativeautomation . ........ 30 1.6 Criteriaforaquantitativesystem . ......... 31 1.7 Thesisoutline ................................... ... 32 2 Literature Review 35 2.1 Representations ................................ -
Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J
Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J. Byrne Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J. Byrne Image Again Middletown, NJ USA Cover illustration: Earth-based photograph of the full Moon from the “Consolidated Lunar Atlas” on the Website of the Lunar and Planetary Institute. British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne, Charles J., 1935– Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon 1. Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite) 2. Moon–Maps 3. Moon–Photographs from space I. Title 523.3 0223 ISBN 1852338865 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne, Charles J., 1935– Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon : with 619 figures / Charles J. Byrne. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85233-886-5 (acid-free paper) 1. Moon–Maps. 2. Moon–Photographs from space. 3. Moon–Remote-sensing images. 4. Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite) I. Title. G1000.3.B9 2005 523.3 022 3–dc22 2004045006 Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISBN 1-85233-886-5 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2005 Springer-Verlag London Limited Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be repro- duced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. -
General Index
General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d. -
Chester County Marriages Bride Index 1885-1930
Chester County Marriages Bride Index 1885-1930 Bride's Last Name Bride's First Name Bride's Middle Bride's Date of Birth Bride's Age Groom's First Groom's Last Date of Application Date of Marriage Place of Marriage License # Dabney Ruth 47 Arthur Garner October 16, 1929 West Chester 29675 Dabundo Louise 18 Saverio DiMaio December 10, 1925 West Chester 26115.5 Dadley Fannie K 23 Albert Smith April 12, 1916 Toughkenamon 19118 Dagastina LorenzaFebruary 6, 1889 Michele Mastragiolo March 16, 1908 Norristown 13663 Dagne Eva EJuly 8, 1874 Jesse Downs December 27, 1899 West Chester 7490 Dagostina Philomena 18 Nicholas Tuscano August 2, 1925 Phoenixville 25847 D'Agostino Angelina 28 Gabriele Natale April 19, 1915 Norristown 18401 Dague Anna LSeptember 23, 1884 James Porter December 18, 1907 Parkesburg 13097 Dague CoraNovember 10, 1874 Vernon Powell February 10, 1904 Lionville 10244 Dague Lillie AApril 27, 1873 Frederick Gottier April 7, 1902 West Chester 9034 Dague M KatieJanuary 1, 1872 Charles Gantt April 17, 1900 Downington 7673 Dague Mary J 29 Ralph Young March 5, 1921 Coatesville 22856 Dague Sara Ellen 36 Rees Helms October 4, 1922 Honey Brook 23933 Dague Sarah Emma1858 James Eppihimer January 14, 1886 West Chester 104 Dahl Olga G 23 Claude Prettyman January 24, 1925 West Chester 25559 Dahms Elsie Annie 26 Chester Kirkhoff October 31, 1929 Pottstown 29710 Dailey Agnes1859 John McCarthy January 13, 1886 West Chester 084 Dailey Anna 19 Rhinehart Merkt August 14, 1913 Downingtown 17216 Dailey Anna RApril 29, 1877 18 Thomas Argne January 4, 1896 -
Wallace Eckert
Wallace Eckert Nakumbuka Dk Eckert aliniambia, "Siku moja, kila mtu atakuwa na kompyuta kwenye dawati lao." Macho yangu yalifunguka. Hiyo lazima iwe katika miaka mapema ya 1950’s. Aliona mapema. -Eleanor Krawitz Kolchin, mahojiano ya Huffington Post, Februari 2013. Picha: Karibu 1930, Jalada la Columbiana. Wallace John Eckert, 1902-1971. Pamoja na masomo ya kuhitimu huko Columbia, Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago, na Yale, alipokea Ph.D. kutoka Yale mnamo 1931 chini ya Profesa Ernest William Brown (1866-1938), ambaye alitumia kazi yake katika kuendeleza nadharia ya mwongozo wa mwezi. Maarufu zaidi kwa mahesabu ya mzunguko wa mwezi ambayo yaliongoza misheni ya Apollo kwenda kwa mwezi, Eckert alikuwa Profesa wa Sayansi ya Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia kutoka 1926 hadi 1970, mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi wa Ofisi ya Taasisi ya Taaluma ya Thomas J. Watson katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia (1937-40), Mkurugenzi wa Ofisi ya Amerika ya US Naval Observatory Nautical Almanac (1940-45), na mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi wa Maabara ya Sayansi ya Watson ya Sayansi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia (1945-1966). Kwanza kabisa, na daima ni mtaalam wa nyota, Eckert aliendesha na mara nyingi alisimamia ujenzi wa mashine za kompyuta zenye nguvu kusuluhisha shida katika mechanics ya mbinguni, haswa ili kuhakikisha, kupanua, na kuboresha nadharia ya Brown. Alikuwa mmoja wa kwanza kutumia mashine za kadi za kuchomwa kwa suluhisho la shida tata za kisayansi. Labda kwa maana zaidi, alikuwa wa kwanza kusasisha mchakato wakati, mnamo 1933-34, aliunganisha mahesabu na kompyuta za IBM kadhaa na mzunguko wa vifaa na vifaa vya muundo wake ili kusuluhisha usawa wa aina, njia ambazo baadaye zilibadilishwa na kupanuliwa kwa IBM ya "Aberdeen "Calculator inayoweza kupatikana ya Udhibiti wa Mpangilio, Punch Kuhesabu elektroniki, Calculator ya Kadi iliyopangwa, na SSEC. -
DMAAC – February 1973
LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base. -
Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission Press Kit, Part 2
-lOl- The ascent stage engine compartment is formed by two beams running across the lower midsection deck and mated to the fore and aft bulkheads. Systems located in the midsection include the LM guidance computer, the power and servo assembly, ascent engine propellant tanks, RCS pro- pellant tanks, the environmental control system, and the waste management section. A tunnel ring atop the ascent stage meshes with the command module docking latch assemblies. During docking, the CM docking ring and latches are aligned by the LM drogue and the CSM probe. The dockingtunnel extends downward into the midsection 16 inches (40 cm). The tunnel is B2 inches (0.81 cm) in dia- meter and Is used for crew transfer between the CSM and LM. The upper hatch on the inboard end of the docking tunnel hinges downward and cannot be opened with the LM pressurized and u_docked. A thermal and mlcrometeoroid shield of multiple layers of mylar and a single thickness of thin aluminum skin encases the entire ascent stage structure. Descent Stase The descent stage consists of a cruciform load-carrylng structure of two pairs of parallel beams, upper and lower decks, and enclosure bulkheads -- all of conventional skln-and-strlnger aluminum alloy construction. The center compartment houses the descent engine, and descent propellant tanks are housed in the four square bays around the engine. The descent stage measures i0 feet 7 inches high by 14 feet 1 inch in diameter. Four-legged truss outriggers mounted on the ends of each pair of beams serve as SLA attach points and as "knees" for the landing gear main struts. -
Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District. -
NASA and Planetary Exploration
**EU5 Chap 2(263-300) 2/20/03 1:16 PM Page 263 Chapter Two NASA and Planetary Exploration by Amy Paige Snyder Prelude to NASA’s Planetary Exploration Program Four and a half billion years ago, a rotating cloud of gaseous and dusty material on the fringes of the Milky Way galaxy flattened into a disk, forming a star from the inner- most matter. Collisions among dust particles orbiting the newly-formed star, which humans call the Sun, formed kilometer-sized bodies called planetesimals which in turn aggregated to form the present-day planets.1 On the third planet from the Sun, several billions of years of evolution gave rise to a species of living beings equipped with the intel- lectual capacity to speculate about the nature of the heavens above them. Long before the era of interplanetary travel using robotic spacecraft, Greeks observing the night skies with their eyes alone noticed that five objects above failed to move with the other pinpoints of light, and thus named them planets, for “wan- derers.”2 For the next six thousand years, humans living in regions of the Mediterranean and Europe strove to make sense of the physical characteristics of the enigmatic planets.3 Building on the work of the Babylonians, Chaldeans, and Hellenistic Greeks who had developed mathematical methods to predict planetary motion, Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria put forth a theory in the second century A.D. that the planets moved in small circles, or epicycles, around a larger circle centered on Earth.4 Only partially explaining the planets’ motions, this theory dominated until Nicolaus Copernicus of present-day Poland became dissatisfied with the inadequacies of epicycle theory in the mid-sixteenth century; a more logical explanation of the observed motions, he found, was to consider the Sun the pivot of planetary orbits.5 1. -
IRPA13 Final Program
IRPA13 v v Final Programme v DOCHART CARRON To Clyde Auditorium, Forth and Gala Rooms and Hotel HALL 4 LOMOND BOISDALE ALSH 13 - 18 May 2012 CLYDE AUDITORIUMCLYDE AUDITORIUM Magnox Fuel Pond Alternative ILW Treatment Bradwell turbine hall MagnoxDecommissioning Fuel Pond Alternative& Disposition ILW Treatment demolitionBradwell turbine hall FORTH ROOM Decommissioning & Disposition demolition (GROUND FLOOR) GALA ROOM (FIRST FLOOR) ProvidingProviding integrated integrated services andand solutions to the global nuclear industry TOILETS (WC’s) M-MALE F-FEMALE TOILETS CLOAKROOM solutions to the global nuclear industry TOILETS FOR DISABLED SHOP EnergySolutions is an international nuclear services company MEDICAL CENTRE BABYCARE ROOMS Magnox Fuel Pond Alternative ILW Treatment Bradwell turbine hall INFORMATION & BUSINESS CENTRE CATERING DecommissioningEnergywith operationsSolutions aroundis& anDisposition international the world, Energy nuclearSolutions’ servicesdemolition work company BOX OFFICE LIFT withspans operations the nuclear around life cycle the world, from operating EnergySolutions’ nuclear power work BANK RECEPTION spansstations the throughnuclear late-life life cycle management from operating and on nuclear to defueling, power stationsdecommissioning, through late-life waste management processing and and packaging, on to defueling, and Providingdecommissioning,complete integrated site restoration. waste processing services and packaging, and and complete site restoration. Registration, Exhibition, solutionsIn the UK,to wethe manage, global on behalf nuclear of the Nuclear industry Hall 4 SECC, Glasgow Posters and Catering Decommissioning Authority, 22 Magnox reactors across 10 In sites,the UK, over we seeing manage, the safe on behalfdelivery of of the continued Nuclear operations. Opening Ceremony, Plenary EnergyDecommissioningSolutions is an Authorit internationaly, 22 Magnox nuclear reactors services across 10 company Clyde Auditorium sites,For further over information seeing contact: the safe delivery of continued operations. -
Shoot the Moon – 1967
Video Transcript for Archival Research Catalog (ARC) Identifier 45011 Assignment: Shoot the Moon – 1967 Narrator: The assignment was specific: get photographs of the surface of the Moon that are good enough to determine whether or not it’s safe for a man to land there. But appearances can be deceiving, just as deceiving as trying to get a good picture of, well, a candy apple. Doesn’t seem to be too much of a problem, just set it up, light it, and snap the picture. Easy, quick, simple. But it can be tough. To begin with, the apple is some distance away, so you can’t get to it to just set it up, light it, and so on. To make things even more difficult, it isn’t even holding still; it’s moving around in circles. Now timing is important. You have to take your picture when the apple is nearest to you so you get the most detail and when the light that’s available is at the best angle for the photo. And even that’s not all. You are moving too, in circles. You’re both turning and circling about the apple. Now, about that assignment. As the technology of man in space was developing, it became more and more apparent that our knowledge of the Moon’s surface as a possible landing site was not sufficient. To land man safely on the Moon and get him safely off again, we had to know whether we could set up a precise enough trajectory to reach the Moon. -
On the Materials Science of Nature's Arms Race
PROGRESS REPORT Natural Defense www.advmat.de On the Materials Science of Nature’s Arms Race Zengqian Liu, Zhefeng Zhang,* and Robert O. Ritchie* materials created by Nature, as opposed to Biological material systems have evolved unique combinations of mechanical “traditional” man-made solids. Extensive properties to fulfill their specific function through a series of ingenious research efforts have been directed to such designs. Seeking lessons from Nature by replicating the underlying principles materials, with emphasis on bamboo,[4,5] [6–8] [9–15] [16–21] of such biological materials offers new promise for creating unique combi- trees, mollusks, arthropods, birds,[22–27] fish,[28–34] mammals,[35–43] and nations of properties in man-made systems. One case in point is Nature’s human beings,[44–53] motivated not only means of attack and defense. During the long-term evolutionary “arms race,” by their unique structures and properties/ naturally evolved weapons have achieved exceptional mechanical efficiency functionalities, but also by the salient with a synergy of effective offense and persistence—two characteristics that mechanisms and underlying design prin- often tend to be mutually exclusive in many synthetic systems—which may ciples that account for their long-term perfection. present a notable source of new materials science knowledge and inspiration. Biological systems represent how a This review categorizes Nature’s weapons into ten distinct groups, and dis- wide diversity of generally composite cusses the unique structural and mechanical designs of each group by taking materials can be developed to best fulfill representative systems as examples. The approach described is to extract their specific demands using a fairly small the common principles underlying such designs that could be translated palette of chemical constituents, often into man-made materials.