Miasto I Pisarz. Gdańsk I Jego Historia W Prozie Stefana Chwina

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Miasto I Pisarz. Gdańsk I Jego Historia W Prozie Stefana Chwina UIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI WYDZIAŁ „ARTES LIBERALES” BARBARA WEŻGOWIEC Miasto i pisarz. Gdańsk i jego historia w prozie Stefana Chwina. ROZPRAWA DOKTORSKA NAPISANA POD KIERUNKIEM DR. HAB. PIOTRA BILIŃSKIEGO, PROF. UJ WARSZAWA 2013 1 SPIS TREŚCI WSTĘP ...................................................................................................................................... 4 ROZDZIAŁ 1 PISARZ .......................................................................................................... 16 1. STEFAN CHWIN: TWÓRCZOŚĆ – RECEPCJA – KONTEKST .............................................. 16 1.1. Źródła twórczości: gdańskie dzieciństwo i związki z Uniwersytetem ....................... 17 1.2. Chwin – (powieścio)pisarz........................................................................................ 22 1.3. Chwin – kontekst: Gdańsk jako miejsce autobiograficzne........................................ 38 ROZDZIAŁ 2 MIASTO......................................................................................................... 43 1. DLACZEGO GDAŃSK? RYS HISTORYCZNY .................................................................. 43 2. GDAŃSK – MIĘDZY MITAMI ...................................................................................... 77 2.1. W stronę niemieckości .............................................................................................. 81 2.2. W stronę polskości .................................................................................................... 83 2.3. W stronę wielokulturowości...................................................................................... 88 2.4. Gdańsk literacki /„gdańskopisanie”......................................................................... 94 ROZDZIAŁ 3 GDAŃSK (WEDŁUG) CHWIA: MIEJSCA ........................................... 99 I. PRZESTRZEŃ I MIEJSCE ......................................................................................... 99 II. MIASTO – TEKST KULTURY/POLIFOIA MIEJSC/PALIMPSEST............... 105 1. CECHY MIASTA ............................................................................................................... 109 2. MIASTO W HISTORII /HISTORIA MIASTA .......................................................................... 116 3. MIASTO JAKO PRZEDMIOT ZAINTERESOWANIA HUMANISTYKI – POMIĘDZY SOCJOLOGIĄ I ANTROPOLOGIĄ MIASTA .................................................................................................................. 122 4. MIASTO I LITERATURA .................................................................................................... 133 5. MIASTO – PODSUMOWANIE ............................................................................................ 137 III. GDAŃSKIE MIEJSCA W PROZIE STEFAA CHWIA ............................... 139 1. GDAŃSK JAKO MIASTO -PALIMPSEST .............................................................................. 139 2. MIASTO -BOHATER .......................................................................................................... 143 2.1. Gdańsk jako miasto dzieciństwa ............................................................................. 150 2.1.1. Dolina Radości ................................................................................................ 153 2.1.2. Centrum vs. peryferie ...................................................................................... 155 2.1.3. W stronę Oliwy................................................................................................ 157 2.1.4. Pomiędzy Danzig i Gdańskiem: miasto, które „się dzieJe”............................. 164 2.2. Pomiędzy realnym i wyobrażonym.......................................................................... 190 3. MIASTO -SZKIC /TŁO /SYMBOL .......................................................................................... 196 3.1. Mit miasta nowoczesnego ....................................................................................... 198 3.2. Pomiędzy „siedliskiem zła” i miastem-uniwersum................................................. 203 3.3. Mit miasta szczęśliwego.......................................................................................... 210 4. MIEJSCA - PODSUMOWANIE ............................................................................................ 212 ROZDZIAŁ 4 GDAŃSK (WEDŁUG) CHWIA: RZECZY........................................... 218 1. RZECZY W KULTURZE ..................................................................................................... 218 2. RZECZY W LITERATURZE ................................................................................................ 229 3. RZECZY W PROZIE CHWINA ............................................................................................ 234 3.1. Znaki czasu/rzeczy historyczne (palimpsest) .......................................................... 240 3.1.1. W stronę biografii rzeczy ................................................................................ 242 3.1.2. Ślady: rzeczy (po)niemieckie .......................................................................... 244 3.1.3. Rozpoznawanie rzeczy(wistości): rzeczy przechodnie ................................... 249 3.1.4. Piękno rzeczy: w stronę dylematów ducha...................................................... 258 3.1.5. W stronę nostalgii............................................................................................ 262 2 3.2. Rzeczy ludzkie ......................................................................................................... 268 3.2.1. Rzecz i słowo................................................................................................... 270 3.2.2. W stronę antropomorfizacJi rzeczy.................................................................. 272 3.2.3. Obcość rzeczy.................................................................................................. 275 3.2.4. Dar przeczuwania ............................................................................................ 276 3.2.5. Ślad człowieka................................................................................................. 278 3.2.6. Ludzkie znaki czasu ........................................................................................ 280 3.2.7. Rzeczy (nie)ludzkie......................................................................................... 284 4. GDAŃSK Z PERSPEKTYWY RZECZY /PODSUMOWANIE ..................................................... 286 ROZDZIAŁ 5 LUDZIE ....................................................................................................... 292 1. MIESZ(K)AŃCY ........................................................................................................... 292 2. MIGRACJE.................................................................................................................... 294 3. KILKA UWAG NA TEMAT TOŻSAMOŚCI............................................................... 305 4. MIESZ(K)AŃCY GDAŃSKA PO 1945 – KSZTAŁTOWANIE NOWEJ SPOŁECZNOŚCI .... 317 5. MIESZ(K)AŃCY LITERACKIEGO GDAŃSKA CHWINA : MIĘDZY NIEMCAMI I POLAKAMI ........................................................................................................................................................ 333 5.1. Gdańsk w perspektywie przedwojennych gdańszczan: w stronę obcości - opowieść o dwóch miastach.............................................................................................................. 338 5.2. Gdańsk dla przesiedleńców: życie „pomiędzy”...................................................... 351 5.3. Gdańsk z perspektywy dzieci: (roz)poznawanie ..................................................... 355 5.4. W świecie (gdańskich) kobiet.................................................................................. 362 5.5. (owe) zakorzenienie/tytułem podsumowania........................................................ 364 ZAKOŃCZEIE .................................................................................................................. 370 BIBLIOGRAFIA .................................................................................................................. 379 3 WSTĘP Motto: Gdańsk jest wspomnieniem. Indywidualne i zbiorowe obrazy miasta, jego budowli i ludzi, wspomnienia zdarzeń i przeżyć, kolorów, zapachów i myśli nakładają się na siebie od stuleci, tworząc złożoną mozaikę, w której miasto na przestrzeni kolejnych pokoleń niczym w kalejdoskopie wciąż konstruowane jest na nowo przez każdego z mieszkańców i zwiedzających. Gdańsk ze wspomnień jest amorficzny. Gdańsk ze wspomnień to miliony razy łamany tekst, który wciąż jest odczytywany i pisany od nowa. P.O. Loew Zmienne losy Gdańska, z Jego historią – burzliwą i krętą, rzadko kiedy pozwalały artystom pozostawać na uboczu, w ich własnym świecie. Sprawiały raczeJ, że myślenie o nim przenosiło się na grunt myślenia artystycznego i obraz miasta znaJdował swoJe odbicie w sztuce, a szczególnie w literaturze 1. Gdańsk tym samym wpisany został w europeJską mapę miast literackich, takich Jak Paryż Balzaca, Dublin Joyce’a, czy Praga Kafki. Pomimo olbrzymieJ zmiany, Jaka nastąpiła w Gdańsku po 1945 roku, „duch mieJsca” odcisnął piętno na powstaJących tutaJ i o tym mieście utworach. Jak zauważyła Małgorzata Czermińska, gdański duch mieJsca „narzuca (…) tematy, nie podeJmowane gdzie indzieJ, każe (…) czerpać z doświadczeń biograficznych nieco podobnych, ale Jednakże nie tożsamych z tymi, które maJą
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